Loading (50 kb)...'

(continued)
(Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-3305(r))
Fig. 1 Clearancew Diagram for Fixed Ladder in Well
Fig. 2 Roof Ladder

Fig. 3 Offset Fixed Ladder Sections
Fig. 4 Suggested Design for Rungs on Individual-Rung Ladders

RAIL LADDER WITH BAR STEEL RAILS AND ROUND STEEL RUNGS Fig. 5 Minimum Ladder Clearance
Fig. 6 Clearance for Unaviodable Obstruction at Rear of Fixed Ladder

Fig. 7 Ladder Far from Wall
Fig. 8 Deflector Plates for Head Hazards
Fig. 9 Relationship of Fixed Ladder to a Safe Access Hatch

Fig. 10 Cages for Ladders More Than 20 Feet High

Fig. 11 Cages--Special Applications
Fig. 12 Pitch of Fixed Ladders

Fig. 13 Manholes and Underground Vaults

Exceptions: 1. Manholes and Underground Vaults. Step spacing shall not exceed 16 inches between the top surfaces of rungs and shall be uniform throughout the length of the ladder.
Exception: Manholes and Underground Vaults. Clear length of rungs or cleats shall not be less than 14 inches.
Exception: Manholes and Underground Vaults.
Exception: Manholes and Underground Vaults.
Exceptions: (1) Manholes and Underground Vaults. The clearance from the center line of rungs or steps shall not be less than 5 inches. (2) Obstructions. At those locations where unavoidable obstructions are encountered, minimum clearances shall be as shown in Figure 6.
Exception: Chimney ladders and manholes and underground vaults.
Exceptions: (1) Fixed ladders on fire hose drying towers are not required to have a cage, well, offset platform, or ladder safety device if they do not exceed 30 feet in length and provided their use is restricted to trained fire fighters or others equally trained in ladder use. (2) Fixed ladders on outdoor advertising structures, where employees wear and use approved safety belts and lanyards which can be utilized if a rest period is required.
Exception: Manholes and Underground Vaults. Individual rung ladders installed in the walls of conical top sections of manholes and underground vaults shall be allowed to exceed a pitch of 90 degrees for a distance of not more than 2 rungs or steps in the conical top sections. The deviation from 90 degrees shall not exceed 6 inches. (See Figure 13.)
Exceptions: 1. Ladders in underground mines, those used primarily in construction operations, fire escape ladders, and ladders equipped with treads. 2. Ladders on high-voltage transmission towers, smoke stack ladders, water tower ladders and similar fixed ladders on permanent installations which are used either infrequently or for emergency only provided the employee who uses the ladder is supplied with and wears an approved belt, with safety straps attached, which can be utilized if a rest period is required.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(b), Health and Safety Code.







s 3278. Portable Wood Ladders.
Safety requirements for portable wood ladders placed in service after April 18, 1999, shall meet the requirements of ANSI A14.1-1994, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Safety requirements for portable wood ladders placed in service on or before April 18, 1999, shall be based on the ANSI A14.1 provisions in effect at the time such ladders were placed in service.
(a) Scope. This section is intended to prescribe rules and establish minimum requirements for the construction, care, and use of the common types of portable wood ladders, in order to insure safety under normal conditions of usage.
(b) Definitions.
Extension Ladder. An extension ladder is a non-self-supporting portable ladder adjustable in length. It consists of two or more sections traveling in guides or brackets so arranged as to permit length adjustment. Its size is designated by the sum of the lengths of the sections measured along the side rails.
Extension Trestle Ladder. An extension trestle ladder is a self-supporting portable ladder, adjustable in length, consisting of a trestle ladder base and a vertically adjustable single ladder, with suitable means for locking the ladders together. The size is designated by the length of the trestle ladder base.
Ladders. A ladder is an appliance usually consisting of two side rails joined at regular intervals by crosspieces called steps, rungs, or cleats, on which a person may step in ascending or descending.
Sectional Ladder. A sectional ladder is a non-self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of two or more sections of ladder so constructed that the sections may be combined to function as a single ladder. Its size is designated by the overall length of the assembled sections.
Side-Rolling Ladder. A side-rolling ladder is a semifixed ladder, nonadjustable in length, supported by attachments to a guide rail, which is generally fastened to shelving, the plane of the ladder being also its plane of motion.
Single Ladder. A single ladder is a non-self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of but one section. Its size is designated by the overall length of the side rail.
Special-Purpose Ladder. A special-purpose ladder is a portable ladder which represents either a modification or a combination of design or construction features in one of the general-purpose types of ladders previously defined, in order to adapt the ladder to special or specific uses.
Step Ladder. A step ladder is a self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, having flat steps and a hinged back. Its size is designated by the overall length of the ladder measured along the front edge of the side rails.
Trestle Ladder. A trestle ladder is a self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of two sections hinged at the top to form equal angles with the base. The size is designated by the length of the side rails measured along the front edge.
Trolley Ladder. A trolley ladder is a semifixed ladder, nonadjustable in length, supported by attachments to an overhead track, the plane of the ladder being at right angles to the plane of motion.
(c) Materials. General Requirements. All wood parts shall be free from sharp edges, splinters, irregularities and defects which affect the ladders structural integrity.
(d) Construction Requirements.
(1) Portable Step Ladders.
(A) Step ladders longer than 20 feet shall not be used. Step ladders as hereinafter specified shall be of three types, as follows:
Type I -Industrial step ladder, 3 to 20 feet for heavy duty, such as utilities, contractors, and industrial use
Type II -Commercial step ladder, 3 to 12 feet for medium duty, such as painters, offices, and light industrial use
Type III -Household step ladder, 3 to 6 feet for light duty, such as light household use.
(B) Step Spacing. A uniform step spacing shall be employed which shall be not more than 12 inches. Steps shall be parallel and level when the ladder is in position for use.
(C) Width and Spread. The minimum width between side rails at the top, inside to inside, shall be not less than 11 1/2 inches. From top to bottom, the side rails shall spread at least 1-inch for each foot of length of step ladder. Rungs shall be continuous members between rails.
(D) Spreader. A metal spreader or locking device of sufficient size and strength to securely hold the front and back sections in open position shall be a component of each step ladder. The spreader shall have all sharp points covered or removed to protect the user. For Type III ladder, the pail shelf and spreader may be combined in one unit (the so-called shelf-lock ladder).
(2) Single Ladder Length. Single ladders longer than 30 feet shall not be used.
(3) Two-Section Ladder Length. Two-section extension ladders longer than 60 feet shall not be used. All ladders of this type shall consist of two sections, one to fit within the side rails of the other, and arranged in such a manner that the upper section can be raised and lowered.
(4) Trestle and Extension Trestle Ladder Length. Trestle ladders, or extension sections or base sections of extension trestle ladders longer than 20 feet shall not be used.
(5) Painter's Step Ladder. Painter's step ladders longer than 12 feet shall not be used.
(6) Mason's Ladder. A mason's ladder is a special type of single ladder intended for use in heavy construction work. Mason's ladders longer than 40 feet shall not be used.
(7) Cleat Ladder. A cleat ladder is a special type of single ladder intended for general use in construction work.
(A) Cleat ladders longer than 30 feet shall not be used.
(B) Wood side rails of ladders having cleat steps shall not be less than 1 1/2 inches thick and 3 1/2 inches deep (2 by 4 inches nominal).
(C) Wood cleats shall be inset into side rails not less than 1/2-inch or shall be attached directly to the edge of the side rails, in which case filler blocks of the thickness of the cleats shall be securely attached to the edge of the rail for the full length between cleats, or equivalent construction. The cleats shall be fastened to each rail by three 10-d wire nails or the equivalent thereof.
(8) Double Cleat Ladder. A double cleat ladder is similar to a single cleat ladder, but is wider, with an additional center rail which will allow for two-way traffic for workers in ascending and descending. The cleats shall extend the full width of the ladder.
(9) Other Types of Special Ladders. Other types of special ladders such as three-section extension ladders, fruitpicker's ladders, combination step and extension ladders, stockroom step ladders, aisle-way step ladders, shelf ladders, and library ladders are not specifically covered by this code.
(10) Trolley and Side-Rolling Ladders. Trolley ladders and side-rolling ladders longer than 20 feet shall not be used.
(e) Care and Use of Ladders.
(1) Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at all times, the joint between the steps and side rails shall be tight, all hardware and fittings securely attached, and the movable parts shall operate freely without binding or undue play.
(2) Metal bearings of locks, wheels, pulleys, etc., shall be frequently lubricated.
(3) Frayed or badly worn rope shall be replaced.
(4) Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment shall be kept in good condition to insure proper performance.

(5) Ladders shall be inspected frequently and those which have developed defects shall be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use."
(6) Rungs shall be kept free of grease and oil.
(7) Portable rung and cleat ladders shall, where possible, be used at such a pitch that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is one-quarter of the working length of the ladder (the length along the ladder between the foot and the top support). The ladder shall be so placed as to prevent slipping, or it shall be lashed, or held in position. Ladders shall not be used in a horizontal position as platforms, runways, or scaffolds.
(8) Ladders for which dimensions are specified herein should not be used by more than one man at a time nor with ladder jacks and scaffold planks where use by more than one man is anticipated. In such cases, specially designed ladders with larger dimensions of the parts shall be procured.
(9) Portable ladders shall be so placed that the side rails have a secure footing. The top rest for portable rung and cleat ladders shall be reasonably rigid and shall have ample strength to support the applied load.

(10) Ladders shall not be placed in front of doors opening toward the ladder unless the door is blocked open, locked, or guarded.
(11) Ladders shall not be placed on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain additional height.
(12) Ladders with broken or missing steps, rungs, or cleats, broken side rails, or other faulty equipment shall not be used.
(13) Short ladders shall not be spliced together to provide long sections.
(14) Ladders made by fastening cleats across a single rail shall not be used.
(15) Ladders shall not be used as guys, braces, or skids, or for other than their intended purposes.
(16) On two-section extension ladders the minimum overlap for the two sections in use shall be as follows:

________________________________________________
Size of Ladder ....................... Overlap
(Feet) ......................... (Feet)
________________________________________________
Up to and including 36............... 3
Over 36 up to and including 48....... 4
Over 48 up to and including 60....... 5
________________________________________________


(17) Portable rung ladders with reinforced rails shall be used only with the metal reinforcement on the under side.
(18) No ladder shall be used to gain access to a roof unless the top of the ladder extends at least 3 feet above the point of support at eave, gutter, or roof line.
(19) The employer shall equip all portable rung ladders with non-slip bases when there is a hazard of slipping. Non-slip bases are not intended as a substitute for care in safely placing, lashing, or holding a ladder that is being used upon oily metal, concrete, or slippery surfaces.

(20) Cross-bracing on the rear section of stepladders shall not be used for climbing unless the ladders are designed and provided with steps for climbing on both front and rear sections.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 3279. Portable Metal Ladders.
Safety requirements for portable metal ladders placed in service after April 18, 1999, shall meet the requirements of ANSI A14.2-1990 or ANSI A14.10-2000, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Safety requirements for portable metal ladders placed in service on or before April 18, 1999, shall be based on the ANSI A14.2 provisions in effect at the time such ladders were placed in service.
(a) Scope. This section is intended to prescribe rules and requirements for the construction, care, and use of the common types of portable metal ladders, in order to insure safety under normal conditions of usage. It does not cover special-purpose ladders which do not meet the general requirements of this code.
(b) Definitions. For definitions of terms associated with metal ladders, see Section 3278(b).
(c) Requirements.
(1) General. Specific design and construction requirements are not a part of this section because of the wide variety of metals and design possibilities. However, the design shall be such as to produce a ladder without structural defects or accident hazards such as sharp edges, burrs, etc. The metal selected shall be of sufficient strength to meet the test requirements, and shall be protected against corrosion unless inherently corrosion-resistant.
(A) Rung Spacing. The spacing of rungs or steps shall be on 12-inch centers.
(B) Rungs and Steps. Rungs and steps shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise treated to minimize the possibility of slipping.
(2) General Specifications -Straight and Extension Ladders.
(A) Ladder Width. The minimum width between side rails of a straight ladder or any section of an extension ladder shall be 12 inches.
(B) Ladder Length. The length of single ladders or individual sections of ladders shall not exceed 30 feet. Two section ladders shall not exceed 48 feet in length and over two section ladders shall not exceed 60 feet in length.
(C) Overlap. Based on the nominal length of the ladder, each section of a multi-section ladder shall overlap the adjacent section by at least the number of feet stated in the following:

________________________________________________
Nominal Length of Ladder ............. Overlap
(Feet) ................ ( Feet)
________________________________________________
Up to and including 36................ 3

Over 36, up to and including 48....... 4
Over 48, up to 60..................... 5
________________________________________________


(D) Extension ladders shall be equipped with positive stops which will insure the overlaps specified in the table above.
(3) General Specifications -Step Ladders.
(A) Length. The length of a step ladder is measured by the length of the front rail. Step ladders shall not exceed 20 feet in length.
(B) Feet. The bottoms of the four rails are to be supplied with insulating nonslip material for the safety of the user.
(C) Spreaders. A metal spreader or locking device of sufficient size and strength to securely hold the front and back sections in the open position shall be a component of each step ladder. The spreader shall have all sharp points or edges covered or removed to protect the user.

(4) General Specifications Trestles and Extension Trestle Ladders.
(A) Length. Trestle ladders or extension sections or base sections of extension trestle ladders shall be not more than 20 feet in length.
(5) General Specifications -Platform Ladders. The length of a platform ladder shall not exceed 20 feet. The length of a platform ladder shall be measured along the front rail from the floor to the platform.
(d) Care, Use and Maintenance of Ladders.
(1) General. Every employer using ladders shall enforce a maintenance program which includes the appropriate requirements listed below.
(2) Maintenance. Ladders shall be maintained in good usable condition at all times. Hardware fittings and accessories shall be checked prior to use and kept in good working condition.
(3) Deteriorating Agents. When ladders are to be subjected to deteriorating agents, a protective coating shall be applied to the equipment.

(4) Oil and Grease. Equipment shall be cleaned of oil, grease, or slippery materials.
(5) Damaged Ladders. Ladders having defects are to be marked and taken out of service.
(6) Loading. Portable ladders are designed as a one-man working ladder based on a 200-pound load.
(7) Footing Support. The ladder base section shall be placed with a secure footing. Safety shoes of good substantial design shall be installed on all ladders.
(8) Top Support. The top of the ladder must be placed with the two rails supported, unless equipped with a single support attachment.
(9) Fastening Together. Ladders must not be tied or fastened together to provide longer sections. They must be equipped with the hardware fittings necessary if the manufacturer endorses extended uses.
(10) Improper Use.

(A) Ladders shall not be used as a brace, skid, guy or gin pole, gangway, or for other uses than that for which they were intended, unless specifically recommended for use by the manufacturer.
(B) Cross-bracing on the rear section of stepladders shall not be used for climbing unless the ladders are designed and provided with steps for climbing on both front and rear sections.
(11) Electrical Hazards. Portable metal ladders shall not be used in the vicinity of electrical circuits in places where they may come in contact with them. Portable metal ladders shall be legibly marked with signs reading "CAUTION -Do Not Use Around Electrical Equipment," or equivalent wording.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 3280. Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders.
Safety requirements for portable reinforced plastic ladders placed in service after April 18, 1999, shall meet the requirements of ANSI A14.5-1992 or ANSI A14.10-2000, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Safety requirements for portable reinforced plastic ladders placed in service on or before April 18, 1999, shall be based on the ANSI A14.5 provisions in effect at the time such ladders were placed in service.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 3281. Definitions.
(a) For the purpose of Articles 5 and 6, certain terms are defined as follows, except for Appendix D:
Anchor. The fitting, fastened to the window frame or wall, to which the belt terminal is attached.
Anchor, double head. An anchor having two heads.
Anchor, single head. An anchor having one head.
Anchorage. A secure point of attachment for safety lines, lanyards or deceleration devices, and which is independent of the means of supporting or suspending the employee.
Anemometer. An instrument for measuring wind velocity.
Angulated Roping. A suspension method where the upper point of suspension is inboard from the attachments on the suspended unit, thus causing the suspended unit to bear against the face of the building.
Belt Terminal. That part of the window cleaner's safety belt which is fastened to the terminal strap to be attached to the anchor during the operation of window cleaning.
Belts, Window Cleaner's. The equipment meeting the requirements of Section 3284, attached to the body of the window cleaner while cleaning windows and shall include the terminal straps.
Buckle. Any device for holding the body belt and body harness closed around the wearer's body.
Buckle, Friction. Single Pass, Fixed Bar. A buckle which maintains its position on the webbing by means of a single pass of the webbing over the fixed center bar.
Buckle, Friction. Single Pass, Sliding Bar. A buckle which maintains its position on the webbing by means of a single looping of the webbing over the sliding center bar.
Buckle, Friction. Double Pass. A buckle which maintains its position on the webbing by friction and requires a double pass of the webbing over the center bar.
Buckle, Tongue. A buckle which depends upon a tongue passed through holes in the webbing or strength member of the belt to maintain its position.
Building. Any building or structure more than one story in height or having window sills more than 12 feet above grade, which is a place of employment.
Building Engineer of Record. A civil or structural engineer that designed the building or structure or the referenced portion of the building or structure.
Building Face Roller. A rotating cylindrical member designed to ride on the face of the building wall to prevent the platform from abrading the face of the building and to assist in stabilizing the platform.
Building Maintenance. Operations such as window cleaning, caulking, metal polishing, reglazing, and general maintenance on building surfaces.
Building Official. Any state, county, city or local building inspector.
Cable. A conductor, or group of conductors, enclosed in a weatherproof sheath, that may be used to supply electrical power and/or control current for equipment or to provide voice communication circuits.
Carriage. A wheeled vehicle used for the horizontal movement and support of other equipment.
Certification. A written, signed and dated statement confirming the performance of a requirement of this orders.
Combination Cable. A cable having both steel structural members capable of supporting the platform, and copper or other electrical conductors insulated from each other and the structural members by nonconductive barriers.
Competent Person. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Connector. A device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the system together. It may be an independent component of the system (such as a carabineer), or an integral component of part of system (such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard).
Continuous Pressure. The need for constant manual actuation for a control to function.
Control. A mechanism used to regulate or guide the operation of the equipment.
Controlled Descent Apparatus (CDA). A CDA is a device used by window cleaners to achieve a controlled descent during window cleaning operations. The descent control capability of the CDA is derived by frictional forces developed when a line(s) passes over and/or around and/or through fixed members of the friction device designed to be readily controlled by the window cleaner.
Danger Zone. The "Danger Zone" is the area within six feet of the edge of a building's roof or protruding ledge. This area is only considered a "Danger Zone" if the roof or protruding ledge is not provided with a guardrail that stands 42 inches in height, a 42 inch high parapet, or a combination thereof.
Davit. A device, used singularly or in pairs, for suspending a powered platform from work, storage and rigging locations on the building being serviced. Unlike outriggers, a davit reacts its operating load into a single roof socket or carriage attachment.
Davit, Fixed. A davit designed to remain at a fixed location.
Davit, Ground Rigged. A davit which cannot be used to raise a suspended working platform above the building face being serviced.
Davit, Mobile. A davit designed to be used in association with a roof car.
Davit, Portable. A davit designed and dedicated for a specific building or roof area, capable of being moved manually from work location to work location within the dedicated area.
Davit, Roof Rigged. A davit used to raise the suspended working platform above the building face being serviced. This type of davit can also be used to raise a suspended working platform which has been ground-rigged.
Davit Socket, Pivoted. An anchoring device that pivots inboard from the building face and transfers loads imposed by the davit to the roof structure or parapet.
Davit, Transportable. A davit designed to be structurally compatible with and capable of being moved from building to building or worksite (geographical area) to worksite.
Deceleration Device. A mechanism, such as a rope grab, ripstitch lanyard, specially woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyard, or automatic self retracting-safety line/lanyard, which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest.
Deceleration Distance. The additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding safety line elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an employee's body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.
Equivalent. Alternative design, material or method that is acceptable to the Division and which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the method, material or design specified in the standard.
Extension Device. A hand tool used to perform window cleaning on surfaces beyond the normal reach of the window cleaner.
Free Fall. The act of falling before the personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall.
Free Fall Distance. The vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the employee's body belt or body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, safety line and lanyard elongation but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting safety line/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur.
From the Inside. From a position in which all of the window cleaner's body except one arm and shoulder shall be on the interior side of the line of the window frame and with both feet on the floor.
From the Outside. From a position in which more of the window cleaner's body than one arm and shoulder is outside of the line of the window frame.
Grade. The ground, floor, sidewalk, roof, or any other approximately level solid surface of sufficient area and having sufficient structural strength to be considered as a safe place to work.
Ground Rigging. A method of suspending a working platform starting from grade to a point of suspension above grade.
Guide Button. A building face anchor designed to engage a guide track mounted on a platform.
Guide Roller. A rotating cylindrical member, operating separately or as part of a guide assembly, designed to provide continuous engagement between the platform and the building guides or guideways.
Guide Shoe. A device attached to the platform designed to provide a sliding contact between the platform and the building guides.
Height of Suspension. Where the term height of suspension is used in Articles 5 and 6 of these Orders, it refers to the specific suspension height on buildings or structures to the level below. To determine the suspension height, the distance is measured from the highest point of suspension for the building maintenance equipment (outrigger beam, davit, or roof carriage) to the level below. If the building maintenance equipment is suspended from roof tie-backs, the highest point is measured from the top of the parapet or roof's edge. The lowest measurement point at the level or ground below includes, but is not limited to, roofs, sidewalks, streets, parking garages, and driveways.
Hoisting Machine. A device intended to raise and lower a suspended or supported unit.
Hoist Rated Load. The hoist manufacturer's maximum allowable operating load.
Installation. All the equipment and affected parts of a building which are associated with the performance of building maintenance using powered platforms.
Interlock. A device designed to ensure that operations or motions occur in proper sequence.
Intermittent Stabilization. A method of platform stabilization in which the angulated suspension wire rope(s) are secured to regularly spaced building anchors to assure that the platform continuously bears against the building within predetermined limits.
Lanyard. A flexible length of rope, wire rope, or strap which is used to secure the body belt or body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage.
Lifeline. A flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorage at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components to a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.
Live Load. The total static weight of workers, tools, parts, and supplies that the equipment is designed to support.
Machine Screw or Bolt. A screw or bolt used to install anchors on metal window frames or sections.
Manual Boatswain's Chair. A seat for one person, suspended by a single line or tackle, which is designed to be raised and lowered by the user.
Obstruction Detector. A control that will stop the suspended or supported unit in the direction of travel if an obstruction is encountered, and will allow the unit to move only in a direction away from the obstruction.
Operating Control. A mechanism regulating or guiding the operation of equipment that ensures a specific operating mode.
Operating Device. A device actuated manually to activate a control.
Outrigger Beam. A device, used singularly or in pairs, for suspending a working platform from work, storage, and rigging locations on the building being serviced. Unlike davits, an outrigger reacts its operating moment load as at least two opposing vertical components acting into two or more distinct roof points and/or attachments.
Outrigger Beam, Fixed. An outrigger beam designed to remain at a fixed location.
Outrigger Beam, Mobile. An outrigger beam designed to be used in association with a roof car.
Outrigger Beam, Portable. An outrigger beam designed and dedicated to a specific building or roof area, which is capable of being moved from work location to work location within the dedicated area.
Outrigger Beam, Transportable. An outrigger beam designed to be moved manually from building to building or worksite (geographical area) to worksite.
Personal Fall Arrest System. A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of: an anchorage, connectors, a body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, safety line, or suitable combinations of these.
Platform Rated Load. The combined weight of workers, tools, equipment and other material which is permitted to be carried by the working platform at the installation, as stated on the load rating plate.
Poured Socket. The method of providing wire rope terminations in which the ends of the rope are held in a tapered socket by means of poured spelter or resins.
Primary Brake. A brake designed to be applied automatically whenever power to the prime mover is interrupted or discontinued.
Prime Mover. The source of mechanical power for as machine.
Rated Load. The manufacturer's recommended maximum load.
Rated Strength. The strength of wire rope, as designated by its manufacturer or vendor, based on standard testing procedures or acceptable engineering design practices.
Rated Working Load. The combined static weight of workers, materials, and suspended or supported equipment.
Roof Powered Platform. A working platform where the hoist(s) used to raise or lower the platform is located on the roof.
Rope. The equipment used to suspend a component of an equipment installation, i.e., wire rope.
Rope Grab. A deceleration device which travels on a safety line and automatically frictionally engages the safety line and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/lever locking, or both.
Safe Manner. The term means the use of any of the following methods of window cleaning in which the window cleaner is protected in accordance with these orders when:
Standing on the sill.
Working from a ladder.
Working from a scaffold work platform.
Working from a boatswain's chair.
Working from a safe surface.
Safe Surface. A horizontal surface intended to be occupied by employees, which is so protected by a fall protection system that it can be reasonably assured that said occupants will be protected against falls.
Safety Belt or Harness. A device used specifically for securing a worker from the hazard of falls from elevated work areas and include:
Body Belt. A strap with means both for securing it about the waist and for attaching it to a lanyard, safety line, or deceleration device.
Body Harness. A design of simple or compound straps which may be secured about the wearer in a manner to distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system.
Safety Device. (Approved). (See Section 3206 of the General Industry Safety Orders.)
Safety Factor. The ratio of the nominal strength to the nominal design load.
Safety Line. A component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical safety line), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal safety line) and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.
Scaffold. The complete scaffold structure including the work platform and all supporting members.
Scaffold, Rolling. A fixed-height or extensible self-supporting scaffold that can be manually moved into place.
Scaffold, Suspended, Manually Operated (Swinging Stage). A scaffold suspended from above by wire or fiber ropes and rigged with manually operated pulley blocks or hoists or equivalent means so that the work platform elevation is easily adjustable. Such scaffold is not designed for use on a specific structure or group of structures.
Scaffold, Suspended, Permanent. A scaffold that is designed for a specific building and is used on that building only.
Scaffold, Suspended, Power Driven. Permanent or transportable suspended scaffolds equipped with one or more power units (not manually powered) for raising or lowering the scaffold platform.
Scaffold, Suspended, Transportable. A powered or manually operated work platform that is brought to a work site for the purpose of performing maintenance or other work that by nature is of short duration.
Secondary Brake. A brake designed to arrest the descent of the suspended or supported equipment in the event of an overspeed condition.
Self-Powered Platform. A working platform where the hoist(s) used to raise or lower the platform is mounted on the platform.
Self-Retracting Safety Line/Lanyard. A deceleration device which contains a drum-wound line which may be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.
Sill. A surface that is part of the building or structure, immediately below the window, and of sufficient width and design to safely support window cleaners and their equipment.
Snap-Hook. A connector comprised of a hookshaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object. Snap-hooks are generally one of two types:
1. The locking type (double-acting) with a self-closing, self-locking keeper which remains closed and locked until unlocked and pressed open for connection or disconnection, or
2. The non-locking type with a self-closing keeper which remains closed until pressed open for connection or disconnection.

Speed Reducer. A positive type speed reducing machine.
Stability Factor. The ratio of the stabilizing moment to the overturning moment.
Stabilizer Tie. A flexible line connecting the building anchor and the suspension wire rope supporting the platform.
Supported Equipment. Building maintenance equipment that is held or moved to its working position by means of attachment directly to the building or extensions of the building being maintained.
Suspended Equipment. Building maintenance equipment that is suspended and raised or lowered to its working position by means of ropes or combination cables attached to some anchorage above the equipment.
Tail Line. The nonsupporting end of the wire rope used to suspend the platform.
Terminal Strap (Runner). The portion of a window cleaner's belt that attaches the terminals to the belt's waist band.

Tie-in Guides. The portion of a building that provides continuous positive engagement between the building and a suspended or supported unit during its travel on the face of the building.
Tie-off (Tieing-off). The act of an employee, wearing personal fall protection equipment, connecting directly or indirectly to an anchorage. It also means the condition of an employee being connected to an anchorage.
Traction Hoist. A type of hoisting machine that does not accumulate the suspension wire rope on the hoisting drum or sheave, and is designed to raise and lower a suspended load by the application of friction forces between the suspension wire rope and the drum or sheave.
Trolley Carriage. A carriage suspended from an overhead track structure.
Verified. Accepted by design, evaluation, or inspection by a professional engineer currently registered in the State of California.
Waist Band. That part of the window cleaner's belt which is attached to the body of the window cleaner. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8501.)

Weatherproof. So constructed that exposure to adverse weather conditions will not affect or interfere with the proper use or functions of the equipment or component.
Winding Drum Hoist. A type of hoisting machine that accumulates the suspension wire rope on the hoisting drum.
Working Platform. Suspended or supported equipment intended to provide access to the face of a building and occupied by persons engaged in building maintenance.
Wrap. One complete turn of the suspension wire rope around the surface of a hoist drum. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8501.)


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 3282. General Requirements for All Window Cleaning Operations.
Scope. This Article establishes safety requirements for the cleaning of all windows of all buildings. Window cleaning includes operation(s) of washing, wiping or other methods of cleaning windows, window frames, curtain wall components, building panels, etc.
Note:It is recognized because of special site conditions that certain provisions in Article 6 may be applicable and can be used in conjunction with equipment and/or practices in this article.
(a) Windows shall not to be cleaned from the outside or inside unless means are provided to enable such work to be done in a safe manner as provided in these orders.
(b) Provisions for preventing accidents due to overhead high voltage lines shall be in conformance with the High Voltage Electrical Safety Orders, Article 37.
(c) Employers shall provide their window cleaning employees with safety equipment and devices conforming with the requirements of these orders, and shall maintain such equipment in safe condition at all times.
(d) Employers shall instruct their window cleaning employees in the proper use of all equipment provided to them, and shall supervise the use of the equipment and safety devices to insure that safe working practices are observed.
(e) All employees cleaning windows shall use safety devices and equipment as required herein.
(f) Only employees who have been properly trained to handle such equipment shall be assigned to work from scaffolds or boatswain's chairs.
(g) (1) In every building where window cleaning operations are performed in such a manner that a person stands on the sill in order to clean the window or works from the inside where the window opening is of such size that it would be possible to fall through the open window to the outside, there shall be installed window cleaning safety anchors or other anchorages approved by the Division. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8502(a).)
(2) Any window which when fully opened has a clear opening with the lesser dimension exceeding 18 inches, or any window in which the height to width relationship presents a hazard, shall be considered as presenting the hazard of falling through as specified in Section 3282(g)(1) above. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8502(a)2.)
(3) In every building other than those described in Section 3282(g)(1), provisions shall be made for window cleaning by use of elevating platforms, rolling scaffolds, suspended scaffolds, boatswain's chairs, or ladders, as specified in these orders. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8502(a)1.)
(h) Lag screws shall not be used in new or replacement installations. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8502(b).)
(i) All glass draft deflectors shall be free of sharp edges that could cut workers removing deflectors in connection with the window cleaning operations.
(j) Safety equipment, scaffolds and their components shall not be used with acids or other corrosive substances, or in corrosive atmospheres except when adequate precautions are taken to protect the scaffold from damage in accordance with recommendations of the corrosive substance manufacturer and the scaffold manufacturer.
(k) Special precautions shall be taken by the user to protect scaffold members, including any wire, fiber, or synthetic rope, when a heat-producing process is in use. Ropes that have been contacted by the heat-producing process shall be considered to be permanently damaged and shall not be used for scaffold support.
(l) Window cleaners shall not pass from one window sill to another window sill on the outside of a building unless one belt terminal is connected at all times.
(m) Window cleaners shall not be permitted to work from any sill on which there is any obstruction or a slippery substance that might impair their footing.
(n) Washing from the sill shall not be permitted unless there is a certain minimum standing room on the sill in relation to its slope. Permissible sill width and slope combinations are shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 Sill Width and Slope



SLOPE OF STILL OR SURFACE (DEGREES BELOW HORIZONTAL)

The chart above shows the relationship between minimum permissible sill widths and various sill slopes for washing windows from a standing position on the sill. If the point of intersection of a vertical line from the slope value with a horizontal line from the sill width value falls in the unshaded area, washing windows from a standing position on the sill is permissible. It is not permissible if the intersection falls anywhere in the shaded area.
(o) No employee shall be permitted to work from, stand or walk on any surface that is not rated for such live loading by the building's engineer of record and/or a building official. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8502(c))
(p)(1)(A) Building owners shall provide the employer written assurance, before use, that all their building's safety devices and equipment meet the provisions of these orders. The written assurance shall consider, but not be limited to: window anchors and fittings; load sustaining capabilities of platforms, building components, hoisting and supporting equipment; stability factors for carriages, platforms and supporting equipment; maximum horizontal force for movement of carriages and davits; design of carriages, hoisting machines, wire rope and stabilization systems; and design criteria for electrical wiring and equipment.

(B) All safety devices and equipment considered in the written assurance shall be inspected at least every 12 months. All safety devices and parts of such equipment, including related building support structures, shall be inspected and where necessary, tested to determine if they are safe to use or operate. All such tests shall be conducted as required in Section 3296(b).
(C)1. Owners of buildings 36 feet or more in height shall have an Operating Procedures Outline Sheet (OPOS) where one or more of the following conditions apply to such buildings:
A. A building does not have established window cleaning system or procedures meeting the requirements specified in Articles 5 and 6, or
B. A building's original window cleaning procedures prepared in accordance with the requirements in Articles 5 and 6 have been changed because of building modifications, or
C. A building has extreme architectural features, which require the use of complex rigging or equipment, or a building that uses rigging or equipment not covered by these Orders.

2. An OPOS shall be developed by a person(s) with knowledge in the design, installation and use of building maintenance equipment (i.e., possessing Scaffold Inspection Testing certification as specified in Section 3296). The OPOS shall be written in a manner that can be readily understood by the employers. An OPOS that requires structural modifications to the building or existing building maintenance equipment shall have such modifications designed by a mechanical, structural or civil engineer currently registered in the State of California with experience in the design and installation of such equipment.
3. An OPOS shall be developed which at a minimum shall contain the elements of Appendix A of this Article.
(2) Employers shall not permit their employees to use any building safety devices or equipment prior to receiving copies of the written assurance and, if required, an OPOS from the building owner as required by Section 3282(p)(1)(A) and (C) above.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.









s 3283. Anchors and Fittings.
(a) General Requirements.
(1) An installed anchor shall not be used for any purpose other than attachment of window cleaner's belt terminals. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)1.)
(2) Anchors shall be installed on the inside of a window which is to be washed from the inside but presents a hazard of falling through to the outside, as defined in Section 3282(g)(2). (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)2.)
(3) A window to be cleaned from the sill shall be suited structurally to the installation of anchors and, when opened, shall not interfere with the attachment of window cleaner's belt terminals to the anchors. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)3.)
(4) Vertically pivoted or hinged windows to be cleaned from the sill shall have an unobstructed passage to the exterior sill that is at least 16 inches wide by 40 inches high. Double-hung, single-hung or counterbalanced windows shall have a minimum passage 21 inches wide and 30 inches high from the sill. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)4.)
(5) The maximum width of a double-hung or single-hung window to be washed while standing on sill or ledge, supported by an anchor on either side of the window is 6 feet. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)5.)
(6) The width of a stationary panel to be washed from the inside from an adjacent open casement window shall not be more than 2 1/2 feet.
Note: Assuming that the window cleaner could work from the inside alternately from casement panels on each side of the stationary panel, this would mean that a 5 foot width of stationary panel would be the maximum width that could be handled in this manner without anchors. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)6.)
(7) Stationary panels up to 5 feet in width may be cleaned by standing on a sill or ledge (See Figure 1 for width and slope restrictions) while supported by anchors on each side of the panels if access is provided via an openable panel adjacent to the stationary panel. For stationary panels over 5 feet, but not exceeding 6 feet in width, the sill or ledge must be at least 10 inches wide with a slope not exceeding 5 degrees. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2- 8503(a)7.) (continued)