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(continued)
(8) A series of stationary panels without openable panels between shall require traveling methods utilizing a method, such as double-headed anchors, overhead trolley system, or other equivalent means of providing a continuous means for window cleaners to tie off their safety belts. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2- 8503(a)8.)
(9) Traveling on the outside of the building shall not be permitted where the sill or ledge is less than 6 feet wide unless it is possible to keep at least one window cleaner's belt terminal attached at all times. The distance between anchors shall not exceed 4 feet horizontally unless the sill or ledge is at least 12 inches wide and the slope is less than 5 degrees in which case the distance between anchors may be as much as 6 feet. This method of traveling shall not be permitted, however, if the sill or ledge is not continuous with at least 6 inches in front of the mullions or if each window unit is not readily accessible.
(10) When the roof level or ledge is 8 feet or more in width, as measured from the face of the building to the danger point, no special protection, such as parapet, railing or window anchors, is required.
When the distance is from 6 feet to 8 feet wide, anchors are required unless there is a railing or parapet at least 2 feet high.
When the distance is less than 6 feet, anchors or equivalent protection as required by Section 3212 shall be required. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2- 8503(a)9.)
(11) Traveling methods that comply with these regulations shall not be permitted on ledges or sills less than 6 feet in width unless double-headed anchors or 2 single-headed anchors with separate usable heads are provided on each side of all windows in the series, along with at least one openable panel to afford a safe, convenient means of access. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2- 8503(a)10.)
(12) Where double-headed anchors are installed, they shall be placed so that there is enough free room for belts to be attached to both terminals at one anchor location along with the capability for either belt to be removed independently. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(a)11.)
(b) Anchor Design and Material Specifications.
(1) All window anchors and fittings shall comply with the applicable portions of Section 4.5 of ANSI/ASME A39.1-1991, Safety Requirements for Window Cleaning, which is herein incorporated by reference. Manufacturers of window anchors and fittings shall submit to the Division all pertinent test and other data called for by this Order. Only those anchors and fittings granted approval by the Division shall be used.
(2) The manufacturer or authorized representative, of any window unit intended for installation in new construction or remodeling shall submit evidence satisfactory to the Division that the complete installation with approved anchors has successfully withstood the drop test specified in paragraph 4.5.3(d)(2) of ANSI/ASME A39.1-1991, Safety Requirements for Window Cleaning, which is herein incorporated by reference, without failure of the frame at the point of attachment of the anchors and without detachment of the window unit from its attachments to the wall section. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2- 8503(b).)
(c) Anchor Location.
(1) Anchor Side Clearance. The center line of the anchor head shall be at least one inch away from obstructions at either side that would interfere with engagement of belt terminals.
(2) Clearance Above and Below Anchors. Because many belt terminals slide onto the anchor from above and extend 4 or 5 inches below the anchor when attached, obstructions shall not be allowed within this distance above or below the anchor head.
(3) Minimum Bolt Edge Distance. The minimum distance from the face of the building for bolt installations when the bolt is placed in a reveal shall be as follows:
In Reinforced Concrete -2 1/2 inches if secured to reinforcing steel.
In Brick -At brick joint, not less than 8 inches from building face. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(c).)
(d) Anchor Installations.
(1) Locations. Anchors shall be attached to the side frames of the window or to the building at a point no less than 42 inches nor more than 51 inches above the window sill.
Exception: Where the windows are less than 48 inches in height and of such design that the window cleaner would normally work from the outside, anchors shall be located at a height above the sill that is approximately two-thirds the total height of the window.
(2) Wood. When the anchor and bolt are forged as one piece, such anchors may be used in single or double configurations when provided with a front collar to prohibit anchor rotation and a rear flat washer of at least twice the diameter of the bolt with a lock washer and nut. The bolts shall be a minimum of 3/8- inch in diameter and shall pass through a solid section of the window construction. The drilled hole shall be no more than 1/16-inch larger than the bolt, and any excess bolt thread shall be cut off and the thread peened over or upset to prohibit the nut from loosening or being removed.
When anchors are employed with separate bolt(s), the preceding conditions will apply, provided that either two machine or carriage bolts are employed, or certain special anchor types have one bolt with screws to prohibit anchor movement. All anchors and hardware shall be of Type 303, 304, or 316 stainless and shall meet or exceed the material requirements of these orders. Anchor nuts shall be tamper proof.
(3) Concrete. Anchors attached to concrete poured-in-place in buildings erected after October 3, 1955 shall be installed while the concrete is being placed. Such anchors shall extend not less than 5 inches into the concrete and shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than one-fourth of a square inch and shall be provided with a fluke at the end of the anchor not less than 1 inch in length.
(4) Masonry. Anchors attached to masonry, other than concrete poured-in-place, in buildings erected after October 3, 1955, shall be installed while the wall is under construction and shall be shaped to build into the joints between masonry units. Such anchors shall be not less than 8 1/2 inches long and shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than one-fourth of a square inch at all unexposed points and shall have a fluke or flukes having holding surface of not less than 1 inch in length that shall be firmly imbedded in the masonry.
(5) Masonry and Concrete. Anchors installed on buildings of masonry and concrete construction erected before October 3, 1955 shall be attached to the window frame as required in these orders, or by other methods acceptable to the Division.
(6) Hollow Metal. Anchors attached to hollow metal construction shall be installed by one of the following methods:
(A) At least two machine screws or bolts of 3/8-inch diameter stainless steel or equivalent passing through the frame and a steel reinforcing plate 3/8-inch thick that extends not less than 5 inches above the top bolt hole, placed on the inside of the frame and secured by means of nuts and lock washers. In cases where it is impracticable to provide nuts and lock washers, the reinforcing plate may be tapped to receive 3/8-inch diameter bolts, and the bolts shall extend through the plate.
(B) Where the threaded bolt is an integral part of the anchor, it shall be at least 1/2-inch in diameter and shall be secured by means of a nut and lock washer, or any other method acceptable to the Division.
(C) Bolts used to attach anchor fastenings shall be secured by means of nuts tightened to the torque specified by the bolt manufacturer or other equivalent means.
(7) Solid Metal. Anchors attached to solid metal construction shall be installed by one of the following methods:
(A) At least two machine screws or bolts of 3/8-inch diameter stainless steel or equivalent passing through the frame and secured by means of nuts and lock washers. In cases where it is impracticable to provide nuts and lock washers, the metal frame shall be reinforced with a 3/8-inch thick plate, 6 inches long, tapped to receive both attaching bolts which shall extend through the reinforcing plate.
(B) Where the threaded bolt is an integral part of the anchor, it shall be at least 1/2-inch in diameter and shall be secured by means of a nut and lock washer, or any other method acceptable to the Division.
(C) Bolts used to attach anchor fastenings shall be secured by means of nuts tightened to the torque specified by the bolt manufacturer or other equivalent means.
(8) Aluminum.
(A) When anchors are attached to hollow or solid aluminum frames, the reinforcing plate shall be coated or protected so as to minimize electrolytic action between unlike metals.
(B) All anchors and anchor fastenings shall be provided with means to prevent them from turning, backing off or becoming loose.
(C) Bolts used to attach anchor fastenings shall be secured by means of nuts tightened to the torque specified by the bolt manufacturer or other equivalent means.
(9) The use of expansion shield anchors is prohibited. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8503(d).)
(e) Inspection of Anchors and Fittings. Inspection of window cleaning anchors and fittings on buildings shall be conducted at least every 12 months.
(f) Anchor Replacement. Anchors and fittings subject to impact loading or other possible structural damage shall be replaced. Replacement shall be as specified by the anchor manufacturer or other method acceptable to the Division.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 3284. Window Cleaner's Belts, Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Personal Fall Restraint Systems and Positioning Devices.
(a) Window Cleaner's Belts.
(1) General Requirements.
Window cleaner's belts shall be approved and kept in good repair and visually inspected for defects prior to each use. They shall be inspected at least twice a year by the employer and all parts showing defects or excessive wear shall be promptly replaced. The use of natural fiber or canvas terminal straps (runners) is prohibited.
(A) Each belt shall be numbered or given an identifying mark, and a record kept showing date of purchase, dates when terminal rope straps were renewed, and dated when entire belt assembly was inspected.
(B) Window cleaners using a window cleaner's belt shall attach one belt terminal to an anchor before stepping out onto the sill. During the operation of window cleaning, both belt terminals shall be attached to the anchors.
(C) The fittings on the waistband through which the terminal strap or rope passes, shall be so constructed that it will be impossible for the safety terminal to pass through them.
(D) Metal thimbles, or equivalent, shall be provided where ropes or straps are secured to eyes or rings.
(2) Belt Design.
(A) All window cleaner's belts shall be designed, built and labeled to conform to ANSI/ASME A39.1-1995, Safety Requirements for Window Cleaning which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(B) In no case shall load carrying members be constructed of leather.
Note: It is not the intent of this regulation to prohibit the use of window cleaner's belts that meet the requirements of ANSI A39.1-1969, 1987, or 1991 and are so labeled.
(b) Safety Belts and Harnesses.
(1) General Requirements. Lanyards shall be kept as short as reasonably practicable to minimize the possibility and length of a free fall. The length of the lanyard shall be as short as practicable. Care shall be used to see that the lanyard is attached to a verified anchorage in such a manner that will develop its full strength. Lanyards with knots, hitches, or bends shall not be used.
(A) Lanyards consisting of wire rope or rope covered wire shall not be used in window cleaning operations while standing on sills.
(B) Chest harnesses shall not be used in window cleaning operations.
(C) Body belts and their associated lanyards when subjected to a fall shall produce a stopping force of not more than 5 times gravity.
(D) Body harness and its associated lanyards when subjected to a fall shall produce a stopping force of not more than 8 times gravity.
(E) Belts and harnesses and their lanyards which have been subjected to impact loading shall be removed from service and destroyed.
(F) Belts and harnesses and their lanyard assemblies shall be visually inspected for defects prior to each use. They shall be inspected according to the manufacturer's recommendations by the employer at least twice each year. The date of the most current semi-annual inspection shall be recorded on an inspection tag which shall be attached to the belt. In addition, records shall be kept and maintained showing date of purchase, dates when attachments were renewed, and dates when the entire belt assembly was inspected and by whom.
(G) The free ends of the lanyards of synthetic materials shall be lightly seared and, in the case of round rope, shall also be seized (whipped).
(H) Belts having single pass, fixed or sliding bar, friction buckles shall not be used for window cleaning operations.
(I) Safety lines shall be capable of supporting a dead weight of 5000 pounds.
(J) Double-acting Snap hooks shall be provided on all lanyards to minimize the possibility of accidental disengagement. The snap keeper shall be restrained by the snap nose to absorb side loads.
(K) Rope lanyards shall be spliced directly to the belt through an integral rope loop, spliced to a dee ring or spliced to a snap hook for attaching to the dee ring. Splices to hardware shall be over suitable thimbles.
(L) Web lanyards used on belts without dee rings shall terminate in a sewn eye of sufficient size to accommodate the width of the belt, but no larger. To the free end shall be sewn a snap hook in accordance with the standard, which shall result in a finished lanyard capable of meeting the qualification tests indicated in Appendix (C).
(M) Safety belts and harnesses ordered or purchased after July 1, 1993 shall have a durable label permanently affixed stating that the belt or harness meets the testing requirements of Article 6, Appendix C. The durable label shall contain at least the following information:
1. Name or designation of manufacturer.
2. Model designation.
3. Date manufactured.
4. Serial number.
5. Test Specifications.
(c) All personal fall arrest systems, personal fall restraint systems and positioning devices used in window cleaning operations shall comply with Section 1670 of the Construction Safety Orders.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3285. Suspended Scaffolds.
Use and Application. Suspended transportable scaffolds shall comply with the applicable provisions of Article 23 of the Construction Safety Orders, and permanent scaffolds shall be installed as required by Article 6 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(a) No manually operated suspended scaffold for which the rigging must be suspended by hand shall be extensible to more than 130 feet from the work platform to the upper anchorage.
(1) No power operated suspended scaffold for which the rigging must be suspended by hand shall be extensible to more than 130 feet from the work platform to the upper anchorage, unless the rigging and suspended safety lines are raised and lowered by mechanical means. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8504 (a).)
(b) When a suspended scaffold is suspended over an area traveled by workers, the public or vehicular traffic, the ground area directly under the work zone shall be effectively blocked by means of barricades, or an attendant shall be stationed so as to keep the area clear. Warning signs shall also be posted below.
(c) When on a working platform, each window cleaner shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system meeting the requirements of Article 6, Appendix C, Section I of the General Industry Safety Orders, and as otherwise provided by these orders.
(1) Dog lines shall not be used in lieu of an independent safety line on two-line suspended, transportable scaffolds having only one suspension line at each end of the scaffold.
(d) Permanent scaffolds shall be provided on all buildings exceeding 130 feet in height. All permanent scaffold installations installed after July 1, 1993, shall be installed and comply with the provisions of Article 6. All permanent scaffold installations installed prior to July 1, 1993, and after September 29, 1974 shall be installed and comply with all provisions of Article 6, Appendix D. Permanent scaffolds installed prior to September 29, 1974 shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the provisions of Article 6, Appendix D.
NOTE: For the purpose of this section, a permanent suspended scaffold and a permanent suspended work platform shall be considered to be the same. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8504 (b).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3286. Manual Boatswain's Chairs and Controlled Descent Apparatus (CDA).
(a) Use and Application.
(1)(A) Boatswain's chairs and CDAs shall be used for window cleaning operations only where the windows cannot be cleaned safely and practicably by other means.
(B) When boatswain's chairs or CDAs are used for window cleaning operations, the following conditions shall be complied with:
1. Manual boatswain's chairs shall not be used where the height of suspension exceeds 75 feet or unless otherwise accepted by the Division where the heights exceed 75 feet.
2. CDAs shall not be used where the height of suspension exceeds 130 feet or unless otherwise accepted by the Division in writing when the height exceeds 130 feet.
3. Roof tie-backs or other approved independent anchorages shall be provided for each support line(s) and each safety line.
4. Each support line(s) and each safety line shall be connected to approved independent anchorages.
5. An Operating Procedures Outline Sheet (OPOS) shall be developed as required in Section 3282(p)(1)(C).
(2)(A) Employees shall be trained in the use of boatswain's chairs and/or CDAs before they shall be permitted to use such equipment.
(B) Training shall include, but not be limited to, proper rigging of support lines, inspection of primary support line(s) and safety lines and anchorage, safe use of CDAs or boatswain's chairs, fall arrest systems, and self rescue methods.
(3) When a boatswain's chair or CDA is suspended over an area traversed by workers, pedestrians or vehicular traffic, the ground area below and within the window cleaner's work zone shall be effectively blocked by barricades, or an attendant shall be stationed to keep the area clear. Warning signs shall also be posted below.
(4) Employees using boatswain's chairs or CDAs shall be provided, and instructed in the use of, a personal fall arrest system meeting the requirements of Article 6, Appendix C, Section I of the General Industry Safety Orders, and as otherwise provided by these orders. Each employee's fall arrest system shall be secured to an independent safety line attached to an approved anchorage.
(b) Rigging, Block and Tackle.
(1) Rope attachment to a block shall be by a thimble and splice.
(2) A safety hook or shackle shall be used on the upper block to prevent accidental disengagement.
(3) Each double block of luff (or watch) tackle shall be branded or otherwise clearly marked so as to indicate the fully extended length in feet from block to block.
(4) Where the chair connects to the block and tackle, a safety hook shall be used to prevent accidental rope disengagement.
(5) Tackle shall consist of rope equivalent in strength to 5,400 pounds. Blocks shall be compatible with the suspension rope diameter.
(6) Parapet or cornice hooks shall be provided with tie-back rings. Each parapet or cornice hook shall be tied back with wire rope to a roof tie-back or equivalent anchorage.
(c) Specifications.
(1)(A) Boatswain's Chair. The chair shall be suspended from its four corners by means of rope slings. It shall have a seat not less than 24 inches long by 10 inches wide and, if of soft wood, 2 inches thick (1 1/8 inches if of oak or ash). It shall be reinforced across the full width by cleats securely fastened to each end. A rope or strap guard across the front and rear approximately 18 inches above the seat shall be provided. The seat may be constructed of material other than wood, provided the material is equivalent in strength to 2 inches of soft wood or 1 1/8 inches of oak or ash. If constructed of material of equivalent strength, cleats across the full width of the seat shall be provided unless structural analysis indicated they are not necessary. Other design and construction may be substituted if it can be shown to provide equal safety and strength.
(B) Boatswain's chairs, their supports and all accessories shall be capable of supporting, without failure, 4 times the maximum load that may be placed thereon.
Note: See Section 3286(b)(1).
(C) Buckets used in boatswain's chair work shall be attached in such a manner that the buckets will not fall.
(2) CDA Seatboards. (A) Seatboards shall be made of wood or other suitable materials, and may be reinforced. Seatboards shall be capable of supporting a live load of at least 250 pounds. All rope and webbing used in suspending the seatboard to a CDA shall be of synthetic fiber, preferably nylon or polyester, that has a rated minimum strength of 5000 pounds.
(B) Buckets used in seatboard work shall be attached in such a manner that they will not fall.
(d) Controlled Descent Apparatus (CDA)
(1)(A) CDA system shall include but not be limited to the following:
1. Working line(s);
2. Controlled descent device;
3. Seatboard;
4. Personal fall arrest system;
5. Independent safety line (lifeline);
6. Locking carbineer (D-ring).
Note: For the purpose of Section 3286 a full body harness is required as part of the personal fall arrest system.
(B) The controlled descent device and seatboard shall be permanently marked with:
1. Manufacturer's or Trade name, and
2. Model number, and
3. Identification (serial) number, and
4. Date of manufacture.
(C) Working lines and safety lines shall be permanently marked or tagged with:
1. Manufacturer's name, and
2. Length/size, and
3. Date of manufacture, and
4. Date placed in service.
(D) Personal fall arrest systems shall comply with the requirements in Article 6, Appendix C of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(2) The working line(s) shall be the proper size to pass over and/or around the fixed members of the controlled descent device body as recommended by the device manufacturer.
(3) Working lines, safety lines, and lanyards shall have spliced or swaged ends as per the rope manufacturer's specifications.
(4) Lanyards shall not exceed 4 feet in length.
(5) Knots shall not be permitted at ends or anywhere along the length of lanyards, working lines or safety lines.
(6) Descent control devices shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Employees shall not be permitted to use descent control devices unless these devices are specifically designed for building maintenance or window cleaning operations.
(7) The entire CDA system shall be visually inspected before and during each use. If any part of the system shows excessive wear, damage or deformation, that part shall be removed from service and discarded.
(8)(A) Safety lines and lanyards shall be removed from service as recommended by the manufacturer or if one of the following conditions is evident or occurs:
1. Braids or webbing are cut, or
2. Excessive abrasion or worn fibers, or
3. There is hardness or stiffness, or
4. Dirt or grit has clogged fibers, or
5. Rust, tar or grease is present, or
6. Line size has been reduced, or
7. Safety lines and lanyards are subjected to a shock load, or
8. Safety lines and lanyards are exposed to chemicals that affect their strength, or
9. Safety lines and lanyards are exposed to excessive ultra violet degradation.
(B) Working lines shall not be used longer than two (2) years from date first placed in service or three (3) years from date of manufacture.
(9) All descent control devices shall be 100% proof load tested at 3600 pounds without visual evidence of cracking, breaking or permanent deformation.
(10) Chemicals having adverse effects on the CDA system, as determined by the chemical or equipment manufacturer, shall not be used for window cleaning.
(11) Any working or safety line that passes over any edge of a building or structure or passes over any sharp object shall be protected from cutting and/or abrasion.
(12) Working lines that have been used to stop a CDA's free fall of four feet or more in distance shall be removed from service.
(13) Working lines that have been subjected to a rapid descent by an employee using the CDA shall be removed from service.
(14) Prior to making a drop, the building exterior shall be visually inspected and, where necessary, appropriate measures taken to ensure that building features, such as sharp edges of parapets and window frames cannot impair the structural integrity of the CDA system or associated fall protection rigging.
(15) A safe means of access, which includes the use of a personal fall arrest system, shall be provided before employees gain access to and egress from CDA drop locations.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3287. Ladders.
(a) Use and Application.
(1) Ladders shall be used for window cleaning only where the windows cannot otherwise be cleaned safely and practicably by means of approved anchors and window cleaning belts, but this method shall not be used to clean a window that requires the use of a fully extended extension ladder in excess of 40 feet.
(2) At all times when a cleaner is working on a ladder over 18 feet working length, a person shall stand at the foot of it, face it, and hold it with both hands.
(3) All ladders shall be used at such a pitch that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is one-quarter the assembled length of the ladder (i.e., the length along the ladder between the foot and the top support).
Note: Nonslip bases are not intended as a substitute for care in safely placing, lashing or holding a ladder that is being used on oily, metal, concrete or slippery surfaces.
(4) Pointed ladders may be used for window cleaning. Rollers shall not be used at the point.
(5) Portable metal ladders shall not be used in the vicinity of electrical circuits in places where they may come in contact with them. Portable metal ladders shall be legibly marked with signs reading "CAUTION -Do Not Use Around Electrical Equipment," or equivalent wording.
(6) Each ladder shall be inspected daily and those which developed defects shall be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and shall be tagged or marked "Danger, Do Not Use." Improvised repairs shall not be made.
(7) Ladders shall be stored in such a manner as to provide ease of access or inspection, and to prevent danger of accident when withdrawing a ladder for use. Ladders, when not in use, shall be stored at a location where they will not be exposed to the elements, but where there is good ventilation. Wood ladders shall not be stored near radiators, stoves, steam pipes, or other places subjected to excessive heat or dampness. Rungs shall be kept free of grease and oil.
(8) Sectional ladders shall not be used by more than one man at a time, or with ladder jacks and scaffold planks.
(9) The top rest for the ladder shall be rigid and shall have ample strength to support the applied load. Ladders shall not be placed in front of doors unless the door is blocked open, locked or guarded. They shall not be placed on boxes, barrels or other unstable bases to obtain additional height.
(10) When ascending, working upon or descending the ladder, the user shall face the ladder.
(11) The use of ladders with hooks attached, to be hung on or over a parapet wall or other projection, shall not be permitted in window cleaning.
(12)(A) No employee shall be permitted to stand on or work from the top 3 rungs of a ladder unless there are structural members that provide a firm handhold or the employee is protected from falling by a personal fall protection system (e.g., positioning device or fall restraint system) in accordance with the requirements of Section 1670 of the Construction Safety Orders.
(B) Stepladders. Employees shall not stand on the topcap or the step below the topcap of a stepladder.
Note: Tops of self supporting ladders shall not be considered as a rung.
(13) No ladder shall be used where the base of the ladder is above grade unless there is a safe means of access to the base and adequate fastenings to prevent the ladder from slipping or falling.
(14) Ladders shall not be used on scaffolds to gain additional height.
(b) Specifications.
(1) Wood ladders shall comply with Section 3278, Portable Wood Ladders of the General Industry Safety Orders and they shall not be painted with other than a transparent material.
Exception : Refer to Section 3287(a)(1) for maximum length.
(2) Metal ladders shall meet the requirements of Section 3279, Portable Metal Ladders of the General Industry Safety Order.
Exception : Refer to Section 3287(a)(1) for maximum length.
(3) Plastic reinforced ladders shall meet the requirements of Section 3280 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(4) All ladders shall be equipped with nonslip bases suitable to the bearing surface. Middle and top sections shall not be used as bottom sections unless the user equips them with nonslip bases.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3288. Rolling Scaffolds.
Scaffolds used for window cleaning shall be of construction at least equivalent to that required by Article 22 of the Construction Safety Orders and shall be used in accordance with those orders.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3289. Tools.
Extension tools over 6 feet long shall not be used to clean windows from a position above grade. Extension devices so used shall be secure to prevent inadvertent detachment of the brush or squeegee.
Note: Operations in proximity to high-voltage lines are restricted by High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders, Article 37.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3290. Prohibited Equipment.
Window jacks or portable sills shall not be used in window cleaning.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3291. Special Design Considerations -Permanent Roof Top Installations.
(a) General. A Civil or Mechanical Engineer registered in the State of California shall prepare calculations and/or plans substantiating the structural integrity of all facets of the complete installation, including the eyebrow sleeves, roof davit systems, roof outrigger beams, and roof tie-backs. Such plans shall be available to the Division at the installation site. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8505(a).)
(b) Projecting Ledges or "Eyebrows" at Roof Level.
(1) Those buildings so designed that projecting ledges or "eyebrows" at the roof or intervening levels prohibit the normal suspension of ropes supporting suspended scaffolds, shall be provided with sleeves that ex-
tend through the ledge or eyebrow. The minimum inside diameter of the sleeve shall be 6 inches to permit the passage of shackles, sockets, clamps and other rigging devices. The center-on-center spacing of sleeves shall be consistent with the length of the suspended scaffold to be utilized, but in no case shall this spacing exceed 24 feet for transportable scaffolds. Sleeves shall not be used as a rigging point unless securely anchored to the structure and be capable of supporting the rated load with a minimum safety factor of four.
Note: In lieu of the use of sleeves, other means of scaffold support, such as soffit monorail systems, etc., that offer equivalent safety and are acceptable to the Division, may be provided.
(2) Each sleeve assembly or each scaffold support system shall be provided with a securely affixed durable and readily visible metal plate bearing the rated load and installer's name in letters at least 1/4-inch in height. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8505(b).)
(c) Roof Davit Systems.
Roof davit systems specifically shall comply with applicable provisions of Article 6 and the following:
(1) Each davit shall be provided with a securely affixed, durable and readily visible metal plate bearing the following information in letters at least 1/4- inch in height:
(A) The davit's rated load, based upon a safety factor of 4.
(B) Manufacturer's name.
(C) Precautionary warning message prohibiting use of the davit within 10 feet of high-voltage lines.
(2) Provisions shall be made to easily rotate davits while on the scaffold platform or boatswain's chair unless the platform may be safely re-positioned inboard or outboard without the necessity for personnel to stand on unguarded roofs or ledges unless protected by a personal fall restraint system complying with the requirements of Section 1670 of the Construction Safety Orders.
(3) Portable davit systems shall comply with the applicable provisions of Article 6. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8505(c).)
(d) Outrigger Beams.
(1) Outrigger beams shall not be employed on buildings exceeding 130 feet in height unless acceptable to the Division. All outrigger beams shall be designed to support the rated load imparted by the suspended scaffold or boatswain's chair with a safety factor of at least 4. Outrigger beams shall not extend more than 6 feet beyond the face of the building. Only steel or high strength alloy beams shall be used. The inboard end of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum point to the anchorage point, shall be not less than 1 1/2 times the outboard end in length. The fulcrum point of the beam shall rest on leg(s) or equivalent supports securely attached to the beam and so arranged as to prevent lateral overturning of the beam. Bearing pads shall be securely affixed to each support and shall be of sufficient area to safely distribute imposed loads to the roof structure. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely anchored by means of tension members (tie-down) affixed to the structural frame of the roof in such a manner that applied forces are resisted within allowable limits affording a safety factor of at least 4. All tie-down fittings at the inboard end of the beam shall be of a type that vibration effects shall not produce accidental disengagement. Safety hooks for beam tie-down purposes shall not be used. The use of counterweights at the inboard end of mobile and fixed outrigger beams are prohibited.
(2) The use of counterweights on the inboard end of portable or transportable outrigger beams shall be permitted only when the following conditions have been met:
(A) The building on which the counterweight beam is to be used, was constructed prior to July 23, 1990.
(B) The building was not designed for other suspension systems.
(C) An Operating Procedures Outline Sheet (OPOS) shall be developed in accordance with Section 3282(p) of these orders.
(D) The counterweights shall be secured to the inboard ends of beams and shall consist of non-flowable solid materials (e.g., concrete, steel, etc.).
(E) The outrigger shall be secured with a tie-back to a verified anchorage on the building during the entire time of use. The anchorage shall be designed to have a safety factor of not less than four based on the rated capacity of the outrigger.
(F) The counterweight shall provide a stability factor of at least 4 against overturning or upsetting of the outrigger.
(G) Each outrigger shall be designed by a registered engineer to support a load of 4 times the rated hoist capacity or the total load whichever is greater. Outrigger beams shall have a minimum rated capacity of 1000 pounds.
(H) The outrigger beam shall be secured against horizontal movement when in use.
(I) Portable outriggers weighing more than 80 pounds shall be provided with a stable means for its transport (wheels or cart).
(J) Each outrigger shall be so located that the suspension wire ropes, for two point suspended working platforms, are hung parallel.
(K) The parts of sectional outrigger beam(s) (i.e. an outrigger beam(s) consisting of more than one piece) shall be identified (e.g. numbered, color-coded). Parts shall not be interchanged or substituted except with the approval of the manufacturer.
(3) Each outrigger beam shall be provided with a securely affixed, durable and readily visible metal plate bearing the following information in letters at least 1/4-inch in height:
(A) The beam's rated load.
(B) Manufacturer's name.
(C) Precautionary warning message prohibiting use of the beam within 10 feet of high-voltage lines. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 3105A.4.2.)
(e) Portable Outrigger Beams. The use of portable outrigger beams shall comply with the applicable provisions of Article 6. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2- 8505(d).)
(f) Roof Tie-Backs.
(1) Every building constructed 3 stories or 36 feet or more in height, shall have eyebolts or other permanent devices installed at the roof level for the purpose of securing or tying back suspended scaffold hooks or clamps and safety lines.Exceptions : 1. Roof tie-backs are not required on buildings employing other acceptable means of permanently installed roof top maintenance systems specified in this Article or Article 6. 2. Eyebolts for roof tie-backs are not required on buildings constructed up to 4 stories or 48 feet in height when building maintenance can be accomplished using extension tools, ladders, approved ground equipment such as scaffolds, or aerial devices designed and used for positioning personnel.
(2) Such devices should be spaced at approximately 12-foot intervals; however, the spacing shall depend primarily on the availability of roof structural framing members of sufficient strength to safely carry applied loads. Tie-backs may be installed in structural parapets that are of adequate strength to sustain applied loads, but, placement shall be as close to the roof level as practicable. Design criteria for tie-backs shall be as follows:
(A) Drop-forged eyebolts or other component of equivalent strength having at least a 2-inch inside diameter closed "eye."
(B) Tie-back assembly to be hot dip galvanized or afforded equivalent corrosion resistance.
(C) Assembly and anchorage provisions adequate to sustain a 5400 pound (tensile) load applied in any direction.
(3) Roof tie-backs or other devices shall not be installed in a wood roof framing system.
(4) Suspended scaffolds shall not be permitted unless roof tie-backs or equivalent anchorages are provided. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8505(e).3)
(g) Parapets of Excessive Height. Where building parapet heights exceed 42 inches, special provisions shall be employed to provide a safe means of access to the top of the parapet for rigging purposes if such access is necessary to the safe performance of the work. If such support systems as davit/sockets, parapet hooks or clamps, etc., are utilized at the top of parapets, a catwalk platform meeting the applicable sections of these orders, or other equivalent means of affording access for the safe performance of the work shall be provided. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8505(f).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(b), Health and Safety Code.
Appendix A Operating Procedures Outline Sheet (OPOS)
Operating Procedures Outline Sheet (OPOS)
An OPOS establishes safe window cleaning and exterior maintenance procedures for buildings and structures. An OPOS shall include all of the necessary elements in pictorial and written form, to instruct employees in the safe use of roof supported building maintenance equipment or window cleaning procedures not covered by these Orders. An OPOS shall contain at least the following elements:
1. Isometric or plan view drawing (pictorial drawing) of the building's roof, including the building's name, address, and the date the OPOS was prepared; and
a. The drawing shall be legible and kept with the building's written assurance; and
2. Identification of drop zones, recommended drop sequences, scaffold configurations, and specific building maintenance procedures including the equipment to be used, e.g. permanent roof rigging platform, ground rigged scaffolding, davits, outrigger beams, boatswain's chair or seatboard, etc.; and
3. Identification of all anchorage points for personal fall arrest systems and building maintenance equipment; and
4. Identification of personal fall protection requirements and, if applicable, procedures for securing equipment; and
5. If applicable, identification of all dangerous areas on the roof by highlighting all of the -Danger Zone(s)- on the pictorial drawing(s); and
6. If applicable, description of the means and methods to be used to transfer equipment from drop location to drop location or between building levels; and
7. Identification of equipment limitations, load ratings, and special use conditions; and
8. Provisions for pre-operational, operation and maintenance inspections; and
9. Identification of the access and egress to the work locations and the storage area(s) for the permanent or transportable building maintenance equipment; and
10. If applicable, indication of the location and method of stabilization provided for the suspended equipment; and
11. Emergency and rescue procedures, and means of communications to be used during such procedures; and
12. Method(s) to be used to control employee exposure to falls while they are in the -Danger Zone.-
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3292. General.
(a) Scope.
(1) This article covers powered platform installations permanently dedicated to interior or exterior building maintenance of a specific structure or group of structures. This article does not apply to suspended scaffolds used for construction work and covered under Article 23 of the Construction Safety Orders. Building maintenance includes, but is not limited to, such tasks as window cleaning, caulking, metal polishing and reglazing. Note : It is recognized because of special site conditions that certain provisions contained in Article 5 may be applicable and can be used in conjunction with equipment and/or practices in this article.
(2) Effective date. This article is effective July 1, 1993. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8520(a).)
(b) Application.
(1) New Installations. This article applies to all permanent installations completed after a July 1, 1993. Major modifications to existing installations completed after that date are also considered new installations under this article.
(2) Existing Installations.
(A) Permanent installations in existence and or completed before July 1, 1993 shall comply with Sections 3296 through 3299 and Appendix C of this article.
(B) In addition, permanent installations completed after September 29, 1974 and in existence and/or completed before July 1, 1993, shall comply with Appendix D of this Article. Note : For permanent installations completed before September 29, 1974, see Appendix D, subparagraph (b). (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2- 8520(b).)
(c) Assurance.
(1) Building owners of new installations shall inform the employer before each use in writing that the installation meets the requirements of Sections 3294 and 3295 relating to: required load sustaining capabilities of platforms, building components, hoisting and supporting equipment; stability factors for carriages, platforms and supporting equipment; maximum horizontal force for movement of carriages and davits; design of carriages, hoisting machines, wire rope and stabilization systems; and design criteria for electrical wiring and equipment.
(2) Building owners shall base the information required in subsection (c)(1) of this section on the results of a field test of the installation before it is placed into service and following any major alteration to an existing installation as required in Section 3296. The assurance shall also be based on all other relevant available information, including, but not limited to, test data, equipment specifications and verification by a professional engineer currently registered in the State of California.
(3) Building owners of all installations, new and existing, shall inform the employer in writing that the installation has been inspected, tested and maintained in compliance with the requirements of Sections 3296 and 3297 and that all protection anchorages meet the requirements of Section I paragraph (c)(10) in Appendix C of this article.
(4) Building owners shall make available to employers the manufacturer's instruction manual and all other written documents necessary for the operation and maintenance of the building's permanent powered platform installations.
(5) The employer shall not permit employees to use the installation prior to receiving assurance from the building owner that the installation meets the requirements contained subsections (c)(1), (c)(3) and (c)(4) of this section.
(d)(1) Owners of buildings or structures shall develop an emergency procedures plan to assure both safe access to and egress from suspended permanent or transportable exterior and/or interior equipment. Where an Operating Procedures Outline Sheet (OPOS) has been developed for the building or structure in accordance with Appendix A of Article 5, the emergency procedures plan shall be incorporated into the OPOS.
(A) The emergency procedures plan shall be developed on a contract plan sheet in written and/or pictorial form and be available for review at the site by affected employees.
(B) Necessary features such as safety belt anchorages and adequate safe walkways required during emergencies shall be incorporated into the structure itself and delineated on the emergency procedure plan.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(b), Health and Safety Code.
s 3293. Definitions.
Definitions for certain terms used in Article 6 and Appendixes A through C are located in Article 1, Section 3207 and Article 5, Section 3281. Definitions for the terms used in Appendix D are located in Appendix D and only apply to Appendix D. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-8250(c).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 3294. Powered Platform Installations -Affected Parts of Buildings.
(a) General Requirements. The following requirements apply to affected parts of buildings which utilize working platforms for building maintenance:
(1) Structural supports, tie-downs, tie-in guides, anchoring devices and any affected parts of the building included in the installation shall be designed by or under the direction of a professional engineer currently registered in State of California and experienced in such design;
(2) Exterior installations shall be capable of withstanding prevailing climatic conditions;
(3) The building installation shall provide safe access to, and egress from, the equipment and sufficient space to conduct necessary maintenance of the equipment;
(4) The affected parts of the buildings shall have the capability of sustaining all the loads imposed by the equipment; and,
(5) The affected parts of the buildings shall be designed so as to allow the equipment to be used without exposing employees to a hazardous condition.
(b) Tie-in Guides.
(1) The exterior of each building shall be provided with tie-in guides unless the conditions in subsection (b)(2) or (b)(3) of this section are met. Note : See Figure 1 in Appendix B of this Article for a description of a typical continuous stabilization system utilizing tie-in guides.
(2) If angulated roping is employed, tie-in guides required in subsection (b)(1) of this section may be eliminated for not more than 75 feet of the uppermost elevation of the building, if infeasible due to exterior building design, provided an angulation force of at least 10 pounds is maintained under all conditions of loading.
(3) Tie-in guides required in subsection(b)(1) of this section may be eliminated if one of the guide systems in subsection (b)(3)(A), (b)(3)(B) or (b)(3)(C) of this section is provided, or an equivalent.
(A) Intermittent Stabilization System. The system shall keep the equipment in continuous contact with the building facade, and shall prevent sudden horizontal movement of the platform. The system may be used together with continuous positive building guide systems using tie-in guides on the same building, providedthe requirements for each system are met. (continued)