Loading (50 kb)...'
(continued)
(4) Inspection, maintenance and repairs.
(A) A qualified attendant or operator shall visually inspect the machine's controls and functional mechanisms for maladjustment, damage or deterioration prior to daily use. Any condition that affects the safe operation shall be corrected prior to use.
1. Hoses, clamps and pipes shall be inspected by a qualified attendant or operator prior to use. Damaged or defective hoses, clamps or pipes shall not be used.
(B) A preventative maintenance program shall be established and implemented in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
(C) Inspection, maintenance and repairs shall be performed by a qualified person in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and procedures.
(D) Inspection records shall include the following:
1. A listing of the components and parts inspected and tested.
2. A brief description of test methods, results, and repairs made.
3. Names and signatures of persons performing the inspections.
(E) Records of inspections and maintenance shall be made available to the Division on request.
(5) Manufacturer no longer in business.
(A) If the manufacturer is no longer in business and manufacturer's specifications are no longer available, required set-up, operation, inspection, and maintenance procedures and repairs shall be specified by a qualified person experienced in the field of concrete pumps and placing booms.
(B) Inspection, maintenance and repairs shall be performed by a qualified person in accordance with the specifications and procedures established under the provisions of subsection (b)(5)(A).
(c) Concrete Buckets.
(1) Buckets equipped with hydraulic of pneumatic operating gates shall have devices installed to prevent accidental dumping.
(2) Buckets shall be designed to prevent aggregate and loose material from accumulating on the top and sides of the bucket.
(3) Riding of concrete buckets for any purpose shall be prohibited.
(4) No employee shall be permitted to work under concrete buckets while buckets are being elevated or lowered into position.
(d) General.
(1) When discharging on a slope, the wheels of ready-mix trucks shall be blocked and the brakes set to prevent movement.
(2) Nozzle-gun operators shall be required to wear protective head and face equipment as prescribed in article 3.
(e) Adjustment of single post shores to raise formwork shall not be made after the placement of concrete.
(f) Reshoring shall be erected, as the original forms and shores are removed, whenever the concrete is required to support loads in excess of its capacity.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1721. Post-Tensioning Operations.
(a) No employee (except those essential to the post-tensioning operations) shall be permitted to be behind the jack during tensioning operations.
(b) Signs and barriers shall be erected to limit employee access to the post-tensioning area during tensioning operations.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1722. Masonry Construction.
(a) A limited access zone shall be established whenever a masonry wall is being constructed. The limited access zone shall conform to the following:
(1) The limited access zone shall be established prior to the start of construction of the wall.
(2) The limited access zone shall be established on the side of the wall which will be unscaffolded.
(3) The width of the limited access zone (measured perpendicularly from the base of the wall on the unscaffolded side) shall be equal to the height of the wall to be constructed plus four feet. The limited access zone shall run the entire zone of the wall. If the width of the limited access zone can not be attained because the wall being constructed is located adjacent to the property line or adjacent to a structure, the width of the limited access zone shall be the width permitted by the obstruction of the property line or structure.
(4) The limited access zone shall be restricted to entry by employees actively engaged in constructing the wall. No other employee shall be permitted to enter the zone.
(5) The limited access zone shall remain in place until the wall is adequately supported to prevent collapse unless the height of wall is over eight feet, in which case, the limited access zone shall remain in place until the requirements of section 1722(b) have been met.
(b) All masonry walls over eight feet in height shall be adequately braced to prevent overturning and to prevent collapse unless the wall is adequately supported through its design and/or construction method to prevent overturning or collapse. The bracing shall remain in place until permanent supporting elements of the structure are in place.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1722.1. Requirements for Lift-Slab Construction Operations.
(a) Lift-slab operations shall be designed and planned by a civil engineer currently registered in California who determines that he/she has sufficient experience in lift-slab construction to so design and plan the lift-slab operation. Such plans and designs shall be implemented by the employer and shall include detailed instructions and sketches indicating the prescribed method of erection. These plans and designs shall also include provisions for ensuring lateral stability of the building/structure during construction.
(b) Jacks/lifting units shall be marked to indicate their rated capacity as established by the manufacturer.
(c) Jacks/lifting units shall not be loaded beyond their rated capacity as established by the manufacturer.
(d) Jacking equipment shall be capable of supporting at least two and one-half times the load being lifted during jacking operations and the equipment shall not be overloaded. For the purpose of this provision, jacking equipment includes any load bearing component which is used to carry out the lifting operation(s). Such equipment includes, but is not limited, to the following: threaded rods, lifting attachments, lifting nuts, hook-up collars, T-caps, shearheads, columns, and footings.
(e) Jacks/lifting units shall be designed and installed so that they will neither lift nor continue to lift when they are loaded in excess of their rated capacity.
(f) Jacks/lifting units shall have a safety device installed which will cause the jacks/lifting units to support the load in any position in the event any jack/lifting unit malfunctions or loses its lifting ability.
(g) Jacking operations shall be synchronized in such a manner to insure even and uniform lifting of the slab. During lifting, all points at which the slab is supported shall be kept within one-half inch of that needed to maintain the slab in a level position.
(h) If leveling is automatically controlled, a device shall be installed which will stop the operation when the one-half-inch tolerance set forth in Section 1722.1(g) is exceeded or where there is a malfunction in the jacking (lifting) system.
(i) If level is maintained by manual controls, such controls shall be located in a central location and attended by a competent person while lifting is in progress. The competent person must have previously operated the type of manually controlled lifting equipment being used.
(j) The maximum number of manually controlled jacks/lifting units on one slab shall be limited to a number that will permit the operator to maintain the slab level within specified tolerances of section 1722.1(g), but in no case shall that number exceed 14.
(k) No employee, except those essential to the jacking operation, shall be permitted in the building/structure while any jacking operation is taking place unless the building/structure has been reinforced sufficiently to ensure its integrity during erection. The phrase "reinforced sufficiently to ensure its integrity" used in this section means that a civil engineer currently registered in California, independent of the engineer who designed and planned the lifting operation, has determined from the plans that if there is a loss of support at any jack location, that loss will be confined to that location and the structure as a whole will remain stable.
(1) Under no circumstances, shall any employee who is not essential to the jacking operation be permitted immediately beneath a slab while it is to be lifted.
(2) For the purpose of section 1722.1(k), a jacking operation begins when a slab or group of slabs is lifted and ends when such slabs are secured (with either temporary connections or permanent connections).
( l) When making temporary connections to support slabs, wedges shall be secured by tack welding, or an equivalent method of securing the wedges to prevent them from falling out of position. Lifting rods may not be released until the wedges at that column have been secured.
(m) All welding on temporary and permanent connections shall be performed by a certified welder, according to the welding requirements specified in the plans and specifications for the lift-slab operation.
(n) Load transfer from jacks/lifting units to building columns shall not be executed until the welds on the column shear plates (weld blocks) are cooled to air temperature.
(o) Jacks/lifting units shall be positively secured to building columns so that they do not become dislodged or dislocated.
(p) Equipment shall be designed and installed so that the lifting rods cannot slip out of position or the employer shall institute other measures, such as the use of locking or blocking devices, which will provide positive connection between the lifting rods and attachments and will prevent components from disengaging during lifting operations.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1723. Application.
(a) The Orders contained in this Article are intended to apply to employees engaged in the removal or application of:
(1) Single-unit (Monolithic) roof coverings which include built-up roofing of asphalt or coal-tar pitch or like materials, and flat-seam metal roofings or like materials, and
(2) Multiple-unit roof coverings which include asphalt shingles, asbestos-cement shingles, standing-seam metal panels, shingle metal roofing, wood shakes and shingles, clay tile, concrete tile, slate or like materials.
(b) Applicable parts of this Article shall apply wherever kettles, tankers or pots with capacities in excess of 5 gallons are used in providing hot asphalt, pitch or like materials for construction or maintenance operations.
(c) When the work is of short duration and limited exposure, such as minor patching, measuring, roof inspection, etc., and the hazards involved in rigging and installing the safety devices required by this Article equals or exceeds the hazards involved in the actual construction, these provisions may be temporarily suspended provided that adequate risk control is recognized and maintained.
Note: See Appendix for additional information on roofing safety.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1724. Roofing -General.
(a) Roof Jack Systems (Includes Jacks, Planks and Appurtenances.)
(1) Roof jacks shall be constructed to fit the slope of the roof and be designed, fabricated and installed in such a manner that they will sustain all expected loads. The supported plank shall be positioned at some angle from perpendicular to the roof to horizontal. For suggested installation, see Appendix Plate C-19.
(2) Intervals (spans) between roof jacks shall not exceed 10 feet.
(3) When rope supports are used, they shall consist of first-grade Manila rope of at least 3/4-inch diameter or other material of equivalent strength.
(4) Wooden supporting members that span between jacks, as illustrated in Appendix Plate C-19, shall be selected lumber as defined in Section 1504(a), or equivalent and be of at least 2-inch by 6-inch material. Where supporting members other than wood are used they shall be of at least the equivalent strength.
(b) Crawling Boards.
(1) Crawling boards shall be not less than 10 inches wide and 1-inch thick, and shall have cleats of at least 1-inch by 1 1/2-inch material. The cleats shall be equal in length to the width of the board and spaced at equal intervals not to exceed 24 inches. Nails shall be driven through and clinched on the underside of the board.
(2) Where building design permits, the crawling boards shall extend from the ridge pole to the eaves.
(3) A firmly fastened line of at least 3/4-inch diameter Manila rope, or equivalent, shall be laid beside each crawling board for use as a handhold.
(4) Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by adequate ridge hooks or other effective means.
(c) Catch Platforms.
(1) When catch platforms are used, they shall be installed in close proximity below the eaves below roof work areas, extend at least 2 feet horizontally beyond the projection of the eaves, and be provided with standard railings and toeboards (See Article 16).
(2) The platforms shall be fully planked.
(d) Scaffold Platforms.
(1) When built-up scaffold platforms are used to protect workers from falls from the edges of roofs, they shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of Article 22, Scaffolds.
(2) A fully planked platform shall be provided near the eave level.
(e) Eave Barriers.
(1) When a system of eave barriers is provided to prevent falls from roofs, the barrier, unless of solid construction, shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 16, Standard Railings.
(2) The barrier system shall be securely anchored at eave level or supported by ropes securely tied to substantial anchorages on the roof.
(3) If the barrier system is to be moved from one work area to another, employees performing the moving operation shall be protected by the use of safety belts and lines.
(f) Personal Fall Protection.
(1) Where used to prevent workers from falling off roofs, personal fall arrest systems, personal fall restraint systems and positioning devices shall be installed and used in accordance with the provisions of Article 24, Fall Protection.
(2) Safety lines shall be attached in a secure manner to substantial anchorages on the roof.
(g) High-Lift Material Trucks. Standard railings and toeboards shall be provided on the open sides of the platforms of high-lift material trucks when the platform is used as a work surface, except when it is not feasible during loading or unloading operations at elevations 7 1/2-feet or more above ground, floor or level underneath.
(h) Ramps and Runways.
(1) Ramps or runways erected and used exclusively for the purpose of loading or unloading roofing materials at elevations above ground, or other level below, not exceeding 20 feet in height shall be at least 40 inches in width. At those elevations exceeding 20 feet in height, standard guardrails shall be installed and maintained on both sides of the ramp or runway.
Note:A 10-inch wide horizontal opening is permitted between the railing and the ramp or runway platform.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1725. Handling of Buckets, Kettles and Tankers.
(a) Buckets containing hot asphalt or pitch shall not be carried on ladders.
(b) Not more than one bucket of hot asphalt or pitch shall be carried at one time by a worker on a roof having a slope ratio of 6 vertical in 12 horizontal (6:12) or steeper.
(c) Buckets used in carrying service shall be filled so that the liquid surface is not closer than 4 inches from the top. No other open container transporting hot asphalt or pitch shall be filled beyond 75 percent of capacity.
(d) An attendant shall be within 100 feet of a kettle or tanker at all times while the burner flame is on, with no ladders or similar obstacles forming a part of the route to be taken to reach the kettle or tanker. However, if the kettle or tanker is controlled by an operating thermostat, the above distance and route limitations do not apply, provided that arrangements are made for needed service.
(e) A clear path, free of debris, shall be maintained between the kettle and the hoist or hand line.
(f) When moving the kettle on any public street or roadway, it shall be drained at least 5 inches below the splash rail.
(g) When in use, the LPG fuel container shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Article 32, Oxygen, Acetylene and Fuel Gas.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1726. Asphalt and Pitch Kettles.
(a) The covers on kettles shall be constructed to close tightly.
(b) Kettles shall be equipped with adjustable supports for use in setting kettles so that they are prevented from turning over.
(c) Relief Valve. The fuel tank of every kettle that depends upon the pressure of power-pumped (machine compressed) air for fuel delivery shall be equipped with a spring-loaded relief valve set to pop at a pressure not to exceed the maximum safe working pressure of the vessel, but in no case greater than 60 pounds per square inch.
(d) A Class BC fire extinguisher shall be kept near each kettle in use. Extinguisher capacity shall be at least as follows:
Less than 150 gallons............ 8:B.C.
150 to 350 gallons.............. 16:B.C.
Larger than 350 gallons......... 20:B.C.
(e) An extension handle of sufficient length to permit safe closing of a stuck spigot shall be accessible near the kettle at all times.
(f) Kettle and tanker pumps shall be provided with a means of stopping the flow of hot asphalt or pitch manually from the roof top in emergencies when an attendant is not provided within 100 feet horizontally or 20 feet vertically from the kettle or tanker.
(g) Pumper pipelines shall be securely fastened at roof top and shall not be supported by ladders used for access.
(h) Kettles shall have the following safety features:
(1) A fluid level indicator, such as a dipstick, that will indicate the level of liquid asphalt or pitch within the kettle without the necessity of opening the lid for direct observation.
(2) Vents providing a total open area of not less than 100 square inches for up to 200 gallons capacity and not less than 200 square inches for kettles of larger capacities.
Note: See Sections on LP-Gas use, Article 32.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1727. Kettles Mounted and Used on Elevated Truck Beds.
(a) Platforms shall be designed and constructed to:
(1) Carry imposed load without excessive tipping or distortion.
(2) Provide a clear work area at least 4 feet wide at the accessible sides and ends of the kettle, including an unobstructed 4-foot passageway between the kettle spigot and the roof.
(3) Provide a noncombustible platform or platform covering.
(b) An access ladder to the platform must be provided. This ladder shall be fixed or be provided with an easily engaged attachment bracket that will prevent ladder slippage. Ladder rails must extend 3 feet above the platform, unless adequate handholds above the platform are provided.
(c) Railings shall be provided around the edges of the platform in accordance with the provisions of Article 16, Standard Railings.
(d) The platform shall be kept reasonably free from asphalt or pitch drippings.
(e) Kettle covers shall be closed when the truck is in motion.
(f) Kettles shall be securely attached to the platform so they will not shift or tip.
(g) Kettle burners must be extinguished when the truck is moving.
(h) No riders are to be allowed on the elevated platform while the truck is in motion.
(i) Platforms which can be raised and lowered shall be locked in place when in an elevated position.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1728. Handling Coal Tar Pitch.
(a) When coal tar pitch is being handled, suitable skin protection substances shall be readily available at the job site for the use of workers, and workers shall be instructed in its use in accordance with Section 1510.
(b) Suitable respiratory and eye protection shall be readily available to workers handling coal tar pitch in confined spaces where ventilation is inadequate to promptly dissipate the fumes and vapors.
(c) Suitable washing or cleansing facilities shall be available for use on exposed skin surfaces of those handling coal tar pitch.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1729. Hot Asphalt and Hot Pitch Buckets and Gallows-Type Frames.
(a) Hot Asphalt and Hot Pitch Buckets.
(1) Every hot asphalt and hot pitch bucket shall be made of No. 24 gauge or heavier sheet steel and shall have a metal bail of 1/4-inch diameter or larger material. The bail shall be fastened to offset ears, or equivalent, which have been riveted, welded, or otherwise securely attached to the bucket.
(2) Mop buckets shall not have a capacity in excess of 9 1/2 gallons.
(3) Mop buckets shall not be used as carrying buckets.
(4) Carrying buckets shall not have a capacity in excess of 6 gallons.
(b) Gallows-Type Frames.
(1) Gallows-type frames shall be made of "selected lumber," or material of equivalent strength, firmly bolted or nailed together and may be job site fabricated or a manufactured assembly. Construction may be as illustrated in Plate C-18, Appendix, or alternate designs may be used provided equivalent or greater strength is afforded.
(2) Gallows-type frames shall be securely tied back to solid construction on the roof at all times while in use or in the case of designs incorporating counterbalancing means, shall be counterbalanced with items or materials which will not be used in performing the work which is being done during the period the hoist is being used.
(3) If a tieback is used, the tieback shall be of Manila rope not less than 3/4-inch in diameter, or equivalent, tied securely to the tailpiece, stretched tight and lashed to an object on the roof suitable to provide secure anchorage to hold the frame in place when loaded.
(4) Gallows-type frames are for single line hand use and muscle power only. Any attachment of a power system, winch, hoist, or blocks is prohibited.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1730. Roof Hazards.
(a) During roofing operations the employer shall comply with the provisions of Section 1509 and employees shall be trained and instructed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1510 of these orders.
(b) Slopes 0:12 to 4:12 -Single-Unit (Monolithic) Roof Coverings.
(1) Employees shall be protected from falls from roofs of a height of more than 20 feet by use of one or a combination of the methods in this section. Whenever felt laying machines or other equipment that is pulled by an operator who walks backwards is being used, this provision shall apply regardless of the height.
(2) Warning lines consisting of rope, wire or similar material, flagged with highly visible material hanging from the warning lines at approximately 6-foot intervals, shall be installed 34 to 45 inches above the roof surface to warn employees that they are approaching the edge of the roof.
(A) The stanchions (portable or fixed) supporting the warning lines shall be designed and installed to minimize tip over or displacement under normal working conditions.
(B) Warning lines shall have a minimum tensile strength of 500 pounds.
(C) The line shall be attached at each stanchion in such a way that pulling on one section of the line between stanchions will not result in slack being taken up in adjacent sections before the stanchion tips over.
(3) Unless conditions prohibit, headers consisting of sheets of roofing or other roofing materials shall also be laid parallel to the edges of the roof to warn employees that they are approaching the edge of the roof.
(4) The warning lines and headers shall be placed no closer than 5 feet from the roof edge.
(5) When using felt-laying machines or other equipment that is pulled by an operator who walks backwards or motorized equipment on which the operator rides, the headers shall be placed no closer than 10 feet and the warning lines shall be placed no closer than 5 feet from those roof edges that are perpendicular (or nearly so) to the direction in which the operator is moving and when conditions prohibit the use of headers, the warning lines shall be placed no closer than 10 feet from those roof edges that are perpendicular (or nearly so) to the direction in which the operator is moving.
(6) The warning lines and headers shall be erected either around the complete perimeter of the roof or only in areas of the roof where work is being accomplished, so long as the warning lines and headers are moved as the work progresses in such a manner as to provide continuous warning to employees in the work area when they approach the roof edge. Access paths shall be erected as follows:
(A) Points of access, materials handling areas and storage areas shall be connected to the work area by a clear access path formed by two warning lines.
(B) When the path to a point of access is not in use, a rope, wire, or chain, equal in strength and height to the warning line, shall be placed across the path at the point where the path intersects the warning line erected around the work area.
(7) Employees shall be instructed to stay inside the warning lines and headers except when work must be performed at the roof edge.
(8) Application of materials outside the warning lines shall be closely supervised by a qualified person.
(9) On narrow roofs and roofs of unusual shape where warning lines and headers would be impractical, the application of materials shall be closely supervised by a qualified person.
(10) When a felt-laying machine or any other equipment that is pulled by an operator who walks backwards is being used, the operator shall be no closer than 3 feet to the roof edges that are parallel (or nearly so) to the direction in which the operator is moving. Motorized equipment on which the operator rides shall not be used or stored between the warning line and the roof edge.
Note:The provisions of subsection (b) do not apply when employees are protected by the use of one or a combination of the following methods:
Personal Fall Protection [Section 1724(f)].
Catch Platforms [Section 1724(c)].
Scaffold Platforms [Section 1724(d)].
Eave Barriers [Section 1724(e)].
Standard Railings and Toeboards (Article 16).
Parapets at least 24 inches high; except that at those job sites where felt-laying machines or other equipment that is pulled by an operator who walks backwards or motorized equipment on which the operator rides is being used, the provisions of this subsection shall not apply provided that the parapet is 36 inches or more in height at those roof edges which are perpendicular (or nearly so) to the direction in which the equipment is moving.
(c) Slopes Greater Than 4:12 -Single-Unit (Monolithic) Roof Coverings. Employees shall be protected from falls from roofs of a height of more than 20 feet by use of one or a combination of the following methods:
(1) Parapets, 24 inches or higher.
(2) Personal Fall Protection [Section 1724(f)].
(3) Catch Platforms [Section 1724(c)].
(4) Scaffold Platforms [Section 1724(d)].
(5) Eave Barriers [Section 1724(e)].
(6) Standard Railings and Toeboards (Article 16).
Note:The provisions of this subsection (c) do not apply under the following conditions:
At those job sites where motorized equipment on which the operator rides which
has been designed for use on roofs of slopes greater than 4:12 is being used
if the parapet is 36 inches or more in height at those roof edges which are
perpendicular (or nearly so) to the direction in which the equipment is
moving.
(d) Equipment Hazards on Sloped Roofs -Single-Unit (monolithic) Roof Coverings. Equipment that is pulled by an operator who walks backwards shall not be used on a roof having a slope greater than 4:12.
(e) Slopes 0:12 Through 5:12 -Multiple-Unit Roof Coverings. Employees shall be protected from falls from roofs that are of a height of more than 20 feet by the use of a roof jack system as provided in Section 1724(a), a minimum of 24- inch high parapet, or other method affording equivalent protection.
(f) Slopes Greater Than 5:12 -Multiple-Unit Roof Coverings. Employees shall be protected from falls from roofs that are of a height of more than 20 feet by one or a combination of the following methods:
(1) A parapet at least 24 inches high.
(2) Personal Fall Protection [Section 1724(f)].
(3) Catch Platforms [Section 1724(c)].
(4) Scaffold Platforms [Section 1724(d)].
(5) Eave Barriers [Section 1724(e)].
(6) Roof Jack Systems [Section 1724(a)] (Safety lines shall be required in conjunction with roof jack systems on roofs steeper than 7:12)
Note:For purposes of Section 1730, the height measurement shall be determined by measuring the vertical distance from the lowest edge of the roof or eaves to the ground or level below. The height of parapets shall not be included in the roof height measurements.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1733. Permits.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1734. Supervision.
(a) Demolition work shall at all times be under the immediate supervision of a qualified person with the authority to secure maximum safety for employees engaged in demolition work.
(b)(1) Prior to permitting employees to start demolition operations, a qualified person shall make a survey of the structure to determine the condition of the framing, floors, and walls, and the possibility of an unplanned collapse of any portion of the structure. Any adjacent structure where employees may be exposed shall also be similarly checked.
(2) The survey shall be in written form, kept on the job-site and made available to the Division upon request. The written survey shall be maintained for the duration of the demolition project.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1735. Demolishing Buildings.
(a) Utility companies shall be notified and all utility service shut off, capped, or otherwise controlled, at the building or curb line before starting demolition, unless it is necessary to use electricity or water lines during demolition. If use is necessary, the utility services shall be relocated or rearranged as necessary and protected from physical damage.
(b) It shall also be determined if any type of hazardous chemicals, gases, explosives, flammable materials, or similarly dangerous substances have been used in any pipes, tanks, or other equipment on the property. When the presence of any such substances is apparent or suspected, testing and purging shall be performed and the hazard eliminated before demolition is started.
(c) Pipe-covering insulation, steel beam and column fire protection, and heating, ventilating and air-conditioning duct work shall be surveyed for asbestos. If asbestos is present, the employer shall comply with Section 1529.
(d)(1) Prior to starting demolition operations, all structural or other hazardous deficiencies noted during the survey required by Section 1734(b)(1) shall be shored, braced or otherwise corrected as recommended in the survey.
(2) Walls, which serve as retaining walls to support earth or adjoining structures, shall not be demolished until the hazard from moving ground has been eliminated by sloping, shoring or, where necessary, adjoining structures have been properly underpinned.
(3) Walls, which are to serve as retaining walls against which debris will be piled, shall not be so used unless determined to be capable of safely supporting the imposed load.
(4) During demolition, continuing inspections shall be made as the work progresses to detect hazards resulting from weakened or deteriorated floors or walls, or loosened material.
Employees shall not be permitted to work where such hazards exist until they are corrected by shoring, bracing, or other effective means.
(e) In demolishing any building or structure or alteration involving partial demolition thereof, all material displaced, unless required for reconstruction, shall be transported immediately to the ground. The amount of material stored upon any structure or any portion of such structure shall not exceed its safe carrying capacity.
(f)(1) Except for the cutting of holes in floors for chutes, holes through which to drop materials, preparation of storage space, and similar necessary preparatory work, the demolition of exterior walls and floor construction shall begin at the top of the structure and proceed downward and each story of exterior wall and floor construction shall be removed and dropped into the storage space before commencing the removal of exterior walls and floors in the story next below.
(2) Any openings cut in a floor for the disposal of materials shall be no larger in size than 25 percent of the aggregate of the total floor area, unless the lateral supports of the removed flooring remain in place. Floors weakened or otherwise made unsafe by demolition operations shall be shored to safely support the intended imposed load from demolition operations.
(3) Flooring boards may be removed from not more than one floor above grade to provide storage space for debris, provided falling material is not permitted to endanger structural stability.
(4) When wood floor beams serve to brace interior walls or free-standing exterior walls, such beams shall be left in place until other equivalent support can be installed to replace them.
Note: For selective demolition by explosives of buildings and structures, refer to appropriate Articles of Group 18, Explosives and Pyrotechnics of the General Industry Safety Orders and this Article.
(g) Sections of walls shall not be allowed to fall upon floors supported by wood joists or other floors unable to withstand such impact.
(h) Walkways that meet the requirements of Section 1624 shall be provided where necessary for access.
(i) Walking across exposed floor joists, steel beams, or girders is prohibited.
(j) All persons on demolition projects shall be protected from falling material at employee entrances to multi-story structures being demolished, by sidewalk sheds or canopies or both, providing protection extending from the face of the building for a minimum of 8 feet. All such canopies shall be at least two feet wider than the building entrances or openings (one foot wider on each side thereof) and shall be capable of sustaining a load of 150 pounds per square foot.
(k) Exterior wall openings on all floors shall be protected to a height of not less than 42 inches, except on the ground floor and the floor being demolished.
(l) Where a hazard exists from fragmentation of glass, all glazed openings shall be removed at least one floor below the working level.
(m)(1) No wall section, which is more than one story or 12 feet in height, shall be permitted to stand alone without lateral bracing, unless a civil engineer, currently registered in California, has submitted engineering data to the Division substantiating the capability of the wall to stand without lateral support.
(2) All walls shall be left in a stable condition at the end of each work day.
(n) Steel construction shall be dismantled column length by column length, and tier by tier (columns may be two-story lengths.) Any structural unit being dismantled shall not be overstressed.
(o) Planks spanning the distance between adequate beams shall be used where necessary as a substitute for weakened floors, and as access walkways over open or weakened areas.
When demolishing floors and roofs, employees shall be prohibited from working below this activity. Demolition of floor spaces shall continue until all unsupported flooring is removed. When employees are required to remove floor support beams, wall sections, etc., by hand, scaffolding as described in Article 21 of the Construction Safety Orders or elevating work platforms and aerial devices as described in Article 24 of the General Industry Safety Orders shall be provided and used where necessary to insure employee safety.
(p)(1) Stairways designated as means of access shall be maintained clear for use within two floors or twenty-four feet of the demolition work above.
(2) Ladders shall be provided for these remaining two floors and shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with Article 25, Ladders. Other access ways shall be entirely closed off at all times.
(3) Walkways or ladders shall be provided to enable employees to safely reach or leave any scaffold or wall.
(g) In a multi-story building, when a stairwell is being used for access or egress, it shall be properly illuminated by either natural or artificial means, and completely and substantially covered over at a point not less than two floors below the floor on which work is being performed, and access to the floor where the work is in progress shall be through a properly lighted, protected, and separate passageway.
(r)(1) Construction passenger elevators for hoisting employees shall be provided on demolition projects on multi-story buildings seven or more floors or seventy-two feet or more in height.
(2) Landings shall be provided for the passenger elevators on or in buildings at intervals not to exceed four floors or forty-eight feet.
(3) Where there is doubt concerning structural integrity or engineering data indicates attachment of an elevator may jeopardize the strength of the building or structure, the Division may permit alternate methods of installation. Other means of employee access may also be allowed by the Division where the above is clearly impractical.
(s) If the method of demolition leaves the structural steel frame in place, then the tier of beams next below the tier from which beams and columns are being removed shall be planked over, unless safety nets are used or the floor of such tier has not been removed. Necessary openings for material handling are allowed. All loose material shall be removed from the steel frame as demolition progresses downward.
(t) Provisions for dust control shall include the use of water to keep material or debris sufficiently wet or other equivalent steps taken to prevent dust from rising.
(u) Mechanical equipment shall not be used on floors or working surfaces unless a qualified person has determined that such floors or surfaces are of sufficient strength to support the imposed load.
(v) Where mechanical equipment is used for demolition work, floor openings shall have curbs or stop-logs to prevent equipment from running over the edge.
(w) No salvage of materials shall be permitted during demolition operations on any building, structure, falsework or scaffold more than three stories high or the equivalent height for which a permit is required.
Note: For mechanical demolition of buildings and structures, refer to appropriate sections of Article 10 of the Construction Safety Orders, Article 93 of the General Industrial Safety Orders, and this Article.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 6401.5, Labor Code.
s 1736. Disposal of Waste Material.
(a) Whenever waste material is dropped to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the building, enclosed chutes shall be used unless the area is effectively protected by barricades, fences or equivalent means. Signs shall be posted to warn employees of the hazards of falling debris.
(b) When chutes are used to load trucks, they shall be fully enclosed. Gates shall be installed in each chute at or near the discharge end. A qualified person shall be assigned to control the operation of the gate, and the backing and loading of trucks.
(c) Enclosed chutes should be designed for free flow of material, but if clogging or stoppages occur, employees shall not remove material from the chutes with their hands. Picks or other suitable implements shall be used for this purpose.
(d) Any chute opening, into which employees dump debris by hand, shall be protected by a guardrail. Any open spaces between the chute and the edge of floor openings through which the chute passes shall be covered over.
(e) When operations are not in progress, the discharge end of the chute shall be securely closed off, or the area barricaded or fenced as provided in Section 1736(a).
(f) When debris is dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 42 inches high, and not less than six feet back from the projected edge of the opening above. Signs warning of the hazard of falling materials shall be posted at each level. Debris removal shall not be permitted in this lower drop area until debris handling ceases above.
(g) All scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish shall be removed from the immediate work area as the work progresses.
(h) All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from the work site.
(i)(1) Where the material is dumped from mechanical equipment or wheelbarrows, a securely attached toeboard or bumper, not less than six inches thick and six inches high, shall be provided at each chute opening.
(2) Chutes shall be designed and constructed of such strength as to eliminate failure due to impact of materials or debris loaded therein.
(j) All material chutes, or sections thereof, at an angle of more than 45 degrees from the horizontal, shall be entirely enclosed, except for openings equipped with closures at or about floor level for the insertion of materials. The openings shall not exceed 48 inches in height measured along the wall of the chute. At all stories below the top floor, such openings shall be kept closed when not in use.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1737. Fire Prevention.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1739. Permit to Operate.
s 1740. Storage and Use of Cylinders.
(a) All gas cylinders shall be protected against undue absorption of heat.
(b) Gas cylinders shall be stored and used with the valve end up. Cylinders containing oxygen, acetylene or fuel-gases shall not be taken into confined spaces.
(c) Gas cylinders in portable service shall be conveyed by suitable hand trucks to which they are securely fastened, or safely carried where job conditions require. All gas cylinders in service shall be securely held in substantial fixed or portable racks, or placed so they will not fall or be knocked over.
Valve protection caps, when provided for, shall be put in place before cylinders are moved, transported or stored.
(d) Gas cylinders raised or lowered by crane, hoist, or derrick must be handled in suitable cradles, nets, or skip boxes, and shall never be lifted by magnet or by rope or chain slings.
(e) Cylinders must not be placed where they might form a part of any electric circuit.
(f) No attempt shall be made to transfer acetylene from one cylinder to another, or to mix gases in a cylinder.
(g) Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease), a minimum distance of 20 feet or by a noncombustible barrier at least 5 feet high having a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour.
(h) Cylinders shall be kept far enough away from the actual welding or cutting operation so that sparks, hot slag, or flame will not reach them. When this is impractical, fire resistant shields shall be provided.
(i) LP-Gas vessels used for roofer's tar pots, plumber's pots and torches, space heaters, etc., shall be so installed that heat from the burner will not increase the temperature of the tank more than 10 degrees Fahrenheit after one hour of operation of the burner at full capacity.
(j) LP-Gas vessels installed on mobile equipment shall have the bottom of the container, and/or any outlet connection, not lower than the lowest horizontal edge of the vehicle axle when fully loaded. Such units shall be adequately secured to prevent jarring loose, slipping, or rotating.
(k) Use of Fuel Gas.
(1) The employer shall instruct employees in the safe use of fuel gas.
(2) Before a regulator to a cylinder valve is connected, the valve shall be opened slightly and closed immediately. (This action is generally termed "cracking" and is intended to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter the regulator.)
(3) The person cracking the valve shall stand to one side of the outlet, not in front of it. The valve of a fuel gas cylinder shall not be cracked where the gas would reach welding work, sparks, flame, or other possible sources of ignition.
(l) The cylinder valve shall be opened slowly to prevent damage to the regulator. For quick closing, valves on fuel gas cylinders shall not be opened more than 1 1/2 turns. When a special wrench is required, it shall be left in position on the stem of the valve while the cylinder is in use so that the fuel gas flow can be shut off quickly in case of an emergency. In the case of manifolded or coupled cylinders, at least one such wrench shall be available for immediate use. Nothing shall be placed on top of a fuel gas cylinder, when in use, which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve.
(m) When the valve on a fuel gas cylinder is opened and there is found to be a leak around the valve stem, the valve shall be closed and the gland nut tightened. If this action does not stop the leak, the use of the cylinder shall be discontinued, and it shall be properly tagged and removed from the work area. In the event that fuel gas should leak from the cylinder valve, rather than from the valve stem, and the gas cannot be shut off, the cylinder shall be properly tagged and taken outdoors, to an isolated area, away from personnel and sources of ignition. The supplier shall promptly be notified of the leaking cylinder valve and the supplier's instructions shall be followed.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1741. Pressure Regulators.
Regulators that reduce the vapor pressure of fuel gas to not more than 20 psi are required for all installations within structures or confined spaces unless the burner or appliance specifically requires a higher pressure and equivalent safety is provided. The use of regulators or automatic pressure-reducing valves shall be limited to the pressures and the types of gases for which they were designed. Regulators are required for installations where a fuel gas hose is between fuel source and burner.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1742. Hose and Connections.
(a) Fuel gas hose and oxygen hose shall be easily distinguished from each other. Note: The contrast may be made by different colors or by surface characteristics readily distinguishable by the sense of touch.
(b) A single hose having more than 1 gas passage shall not be used as a connection between torch and gas outlet if a wall failure would permit the flow of either gas into the other passage.
(c) Hoses used for liquefied petroleum gas, such as butane or propane, shall be of, or lined with, materials that are resistant to the action of LP-Gas. They shall be designed for a bursting pressure of at least 1,250 psi, and shall be marked every 5 feet with the letters "LPG." Hoses over 1/2 inch diameter shall also be marked with the manufacturer's name.
(d) The connection between fuel source and burner shall be with extra heavy steel pipe (Schedule 80), flexible metallic tubing or hose suitable for the service, and where exposed shall be protected against physical damage.
(e) When not in use, manifold and header hose connections shall be capped.
(f) When parallel sections or oxygen and fuel gas hose are taped together, not more than 4 inches out of 12 inches shall be covered by tape.
(g) Hose couplings shall be of the type that cannot be unlocked or disconnected by means of a straight pull without rotary motion.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1743. General Precautions.
(a) No device or attachment facilitating or permitting mixture of air or oxygen with combustible gases prior to consumption, except at the burner or in a standard torch or blowpipe, shall be allowed unless approved for the purpose.
(b) Acetylene shall not be generated or utilized at a pressure in excess of 15 pounds per square inch gauge pressure.
Exception: Acetylene dissolved in suitable solvent and stored in cylinders manufactured according to Interstate Commerce Commission requirements.
(c) Oxygen cylinders and fittings shall be kept away from oil or grease. Cylinders, cylinder caps and valves, couplings, regulators, hose, and apparatus shall be kept free from oil or greasy substances and shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves. Oxygen shall not be directed at oily surfaces, greasy clothes, or within a fuel oil or other storage tank or vessel. (continued)