CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
(1) A controlled decking zone is permitted only in that area of the structure over 15 feet and up to 30 feet above a lower level when it can be shown that the use of a personal fall protection system is impractical or creates a greater hazard.
(2) The CDZ shall be limited to that area where metal decking is initially being installed and forms the leading edge work.
(3) The implementation of a CDZ shall be under the supervision of a competent person.
(4) The employer shall document the reasons why the use of conventional fall protection systems (guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems, fall restraint systems or safety nets) are infeasible or why their use would create a greater hazard.
(A) The name or other method of identification for each employee (e.g., job title) who is designated to work in the CDZ must be documented.
(B) The documentation required by this subsection shall be in writing and shall be available at the job site.
(5) Where a CDZ is being used, the employer shall assure that a safety monitoring system is provided and shall designate a competent person to monitor the safety of employees within the CDZ. The safety monitor shall comply with the following requirements:
(A) The safety monitor shall be competent to recognize fall hazards;
(B) The safety monitor shall warn the employee when it appears that the employee is unaware of a fall hazard or is acting in an unsafe manner;
(C) The safety monitor shall be within visual sighting distance of the employee;

(D) The safety monitor shall be close enough to communicate orally with the employee;
(E) The safety monitor shall not have other responsibilities which could take the monitor's attention from the monitoring function; and
(F) The safety monitor shall not be located within the CDZ.
(6) In each CDZ, the following shall apply:
(A) Each employee working within a CDZ shall be protected from fall hazards greater than two stories or 30 feet, whichever is less, by the use of a personal fall protection system.
(B) Access to a CDZ shall be limited to only those employees engaged in leading edge work.
(C) The boundaries of a CDZ shall be designated and clearly marked. The CDZ shall be defined by a control line or by any equivalent means that restrict access.

1. Control lines shall meet the requirements of Section 1671.2(a)(4) through (a)(6).
2. When control lines or equivalent means are used, they shall be erected not less than 6 feet from the unprotected leading edge.
3. The CDZ shall not be more than 90 feet wide and 90 feet deep from any leading edge.
4. Signs meeting the requirements of the General Industry Safety Orders, Section 3340 shall be posted to warn unauthorized persons to stay out of the CDZ.
(7) Safety deck attachments shall be performed in the CDZ from the leading edge back to the control line and shall have at least two attachments for each metal decking panel. The area of decking without completed safety deck attachments shall not exceed 3000 square feet.
(8) Final deck attachments, installation of shear connectors, and flashing shall not be performed in the CDZ.

(9) Where a CDZ is being used, the employer shall assure that each affected employee has been provided training in accordance with subsection (q)(3)(C) of this section.
(o) Custody of guardrail systems. Wire rope or other guardrail protection provided by the steel erector shall remain in the area where steel erection activity has been completed, to be used by other trades, only if the controlling contractor or its authorized representative:
(1) Has directed the steel erector to leave the wire rope or other guardrail protection in place; and
(2) Has inspected and accepted control and responsibility of the wire rope or other guardrail protection prior to authorizing persons other than steel erectors to work in the area.
(p) Smoke dome or skylight fixtures that have been installed, are not considered covers for the purpose of this section unless they meet the strength requirements of Section 1632(b) of these orders.
(q) Training.
The following provisions supplement the requirements of Section 1509 "Injury and Illness Prevention Program" regarding the hazards associated with structural steel erection.
(1) Training personnel. Training required by this section shall be provided by a qualified person(s).
(2) Fall hazard training. The employer shall provide a training program for all employees exposed to fall hazards. The program shall include training and instruction in the following areas:
(A) The recognition and identification of fall hazards in the work area;
(B) The use and operation of guardrail systems (including perimeter safety cable systems), personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems, fall restraint systems, safety net systems, and other protection to be used;
(C) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall protection systems to be used;

(D) The procedures to be followed to prevent falls to lower levels and through or into holes and openings in walking/working surfaces and walls; and
(E) The fall protection requirements for structural steel erection.
(3) Special training programs. In addition to the training required in subsections (q)(1) and (q)(2) of this section, the employer shall provide special training to employees engaged in the following activities.
(A) Multiple lift rigging procedure. The employer shall ensure that each employee who performs multiple lift rigging has been provided training in the hazards associated with multiple lifts including the following areas:
1. The proper inspection and removal of hoisting slings, eye-hooks and other rigging components used in multiple lift rigging.
2. Procedures for determining the proper sling length for structural members.
3. The use of rated load charts and capacities for manufactured rigging equipment.

4. The design and use of manufactured rigging assemblies.
5. Proper rigging techniques to maintain a distance of 7 feet between structural members being hoisted.
6. Instruction that no more than 5 structural members can be hoisted per lift.
7. Proper techniques for rigging structural members from the top down and setting structural members from the bottom up.
8. Procedures and techniques for rigging structural members at the center of gravity.
9. Procedures to ensure that no crane is used for multiple lifts that violates the crane manufacturer's specifications.
10. Procedures to ensure that no load exceeds 75 percent of the rated capacity for the hoisting equipment as specified in the hoisting equipment load charts.
11. The use of controlled load lowering on hoisting equipment used for multiple lifts.
12. Procedures for performing multiple lifts that are site-specific.
13. Procedures for preplanning overhead routes of suspended loads.
(B) Connector procedures. The employer shall ensure that each connector has been provided training in the following areas:
1. The nature of the hazards associated with connecting; and
2. Shinning of columns, access, proper connecting techniques and work practices required by subsections (g)(4) and (m) of this section.
(C) Controlled Decking Zone Procedures. Where CDZs are being used, the employer shall assure that each employee has been provided training in the following areas:
1. The nature of the hazards associated with work within a controlled decking zone; and

2. The establishment of CDZs, access, proper installation techniques and work practices required by subsection (n) of this section.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3, 7252, 7253, 7254, 7258, 7261, 7262 and 7266, Labor Code.Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3, 7252, 7253, 7254, 7258, 7261, 7262 and 7266, Labor Code.

Appendix A to Section 1710 - Illustrations of Bridging Terminus Points: Non-mandatory Guidelines for Complying with Sections 1710(h)(1)(J) and 1710(h)(3)(E).

Appendix B to Section 1710 - Double Connections: Illustrations of a Clipped End Connection and a Staggered Connection: Non-Mandatory Guidelines for Complying with Section 1710(g)(4).

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

Appendix C to Section 1710 - Guidelines for Establishing the Components of a Site-Specific Erection Plan: Non-Mandatory Guidelines for Complying with Section 1710(c)(5)
(a) General. This appendix serves as a guideline to assist employers who elect to develop a site-specific erection plan in accordance with Section 1710(c)(5) with alternate means and methods to provide employee protection in accordance with Sections 1710(c)(5), 1710(d)(9), 1710(h)(1)(C) or Section 1710(h)(5)(D). NOTE:The development of a site-specific erection plan does not eliminate the mandatory requirement for an erection plan and procedure prepared by a civil engineer as required by Section 1709(d) when trusses or beams over 25 feet long are used.
(b) Development of a site-specific erection plan. Pre-construction conference(s) and site inspection(s) are held between the erector and the controlling contractor, and others such as the project engineer and fabricator before the start of steel erection. The purpose of such conference(s) is to develop and review the site-specific erection plan that will meet the requirements of this section.
(c) Components of a site-specific erection plan. In developing a site-specific erection plan, a steel erector considers the following elements:
(1) The sequence of erection activity, developed in coordination with the controlling contractor, that includes the following:
(A) Material deliveries:
(B) Material staging and storage; and
(C) Coordination with other trades and construction activities.

(2) A description of the crane and derrick selection and placement procedures, including the following:
(A) Site preparation;
(B) Path for overhead loads; and
(C) Critical lifts, including rigging supplies and equipment.
(3) A description of steel erection activities and procedures, including the following:
(A) Stability considerations requiring temporary bracing and guying;
(B) Erection bridging terminus point;
(C) Anchor rod (anchor bolt) notifications regarding repair, replacement and modifications;
(D) Columns and beams (including joists and purlins);

(E) Connections;
(F) Decking; and
(G) Ornamental and miscellaneous iron.
(4) A description of the fall protection procedures that will be used to comply with Section 1710(m).
(5) A description of the procedures that will be used to comply with Section 1710(j).
(6) A description of the special procedures required for hazardous non-routine tasks.
(7) A certification for each employee who has received training for performing steel erection operations as required by Section 1710(q).
(8) A list of the qualified and competent persons.

(9) A description of the procedures that will be utilized in the event of rescue or emergency response.
(d) Other plan information. The plan:
(1) Includes the identification of the site and project; and
(2) Is signed and dated by the qualified person(s) responsible for its preparation and modification.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1711. Oiling Forms.
The oiling of floor panels that are in place shall not be done until the carpentry work on the form has been completed.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1712. Reinforcing Steel and Other Similar Projections.
(a) Scope. This section applies to all work sites and locations where employees work around or over exposed, projecting, reinforcing steel or other similar projections.
(b) Definitions.
Job-Built. As used in this section, protective covers and troughs usually constructed at the job-site of wood or other materials of equal or greater strength and designed specifically for covering exposed ends of reinforcing steel or other similar projections at a specific job-site.
Protective Covers. Manufactured or job-built apparatus designed to cover exposed ends of reinforcing steel or other similar projections so as to prevent impalement.
Troughs. Manufactured or job-built protective covers designed to cover two or more exposed ends of reinforcing steel or other similar projections so as to prevent impalement, and which meet the applicable requirements in subsection (d).
(c) Protection from Reinforcing Steel and Other Similar Projections.
(1) Employees working at grade or at the same surface as exposed protruding reinforcing steel or other similar projections, shall be protected against the hazard of impalement by guarding all exposed ends that extend up to 6 feet above grade or other work surface, with protective covers, or troughs.
(2) Employees working above grade or any surface and exposed to protruding reinforcing steel or other similar projections shall be protected against the hazard of impalement. Protection shall be provided by:
(A) The use of guardrails, or
(B) Approved fall protection systems meeting the design requirements of Article 24, or
(C) Protective covers as specified in subsection (d).
(3) Protective covers shall not be used to protect against impalement where the maximum height of fall exposure, to the top of the protective cover, exceeds 7 1/2 feet, unless the protective covers meet the requirement of subsection (d)(4)(D).
(d) Protective Covers, Specifications, Testing and Approval.
(1) Protective covers shall be made of wood, plastic, or other materials of equal or greater strength.
(2) Protective covers shall have a minimum 4-inch by 4-inch square surface area, or if round, a minimum diameter of 4 1/2 inches.

(3) Manufactured protective covers shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Manufactured protective covers shall be approved as provided for in Section 1505 and be legibly marked with the manufacturer's name or logo.
(B) Manufactured protective covers made before October 1, 2000 shall, at the minimum, be capable of withstanding the impact of a 250-pound weight dropped from a height of 10 feet without penetration failure of the cover.
(C) Manufactured protective covers made on or after October 1, 2000 shall meet the testing requirements of Section 344.90.
(4) Job-built protective covers shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Job-built protective covers shall be designed as specified by an engineer currently registered in the State of California. A copy of the engineering drawing(s) depicting the job-built protective covers shall be kept at the worksite and made available to the Division upon request.
Exception: Job-built troughs as depicted in Appendix Plate C-25 may be used as a substitute for engineered or manufactured protective covers when employees are working at heights not greater than 6 feet above grade or other working surface.
(B) Job-built wood protective covers and troughs shall be constructed of at least "Standard Grade" Douglas Fir, as graded by either the Western Lumber Grading Rules 98, handbook, effective March 1, 1998, published by the Western Wood Products Association, or the Standard No. 17 Grading Rules for West Coast Lumber, handbook, effective September 1, 1991 and revised January 1, 2000, published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
(C) Job-built protective covers, except for troughs as depicted in Appendix Plate C-25, shall, at the minimum, be capable of withstanding the impact of a 250-pound weight dropped from a height of 10 feet without penetration failure of the cover. Note:The drop test requirement in subsection (d)(4)(C) applies to protective covers used to prevent employee impalement where the employee is exposed to fall heights of up to 7 1/2 feet.
(D) Drop test specifications for job-built protective covers listed in subsection (d)(4)(C) shall be modified where fall heights greater than 7 1/2 feet are anticipated, to ensure that the protective cover can withstand increased impact loading.
(e) Fall Protection.
Employees shall not be permitted to place or tie reinforcing steel in walls, piers, columns, etc., more than 6 feet above an adjacent surface, unless a personal fall protection system is used in accordance with Section 1670 or other method affording equivalent protection from the hazard of falls from elevated surfaces.
Exception: Point-to-point horizontal or vertical travel on reinforcing steel up to 24 feet above the surface below providing there are no impalement hazards.
(f) Securing Reinforcing Steel.
(1) Reinforcing steel for walls, piers, columns, and similar vertical structures shall be guyed and supported to prevent collapse.
(A) Guys, supports, and braces shall be installed and removed as directed by a qualified person.

(2) Wire mesh rolls shall be secured to prevent dangerous recoiling action.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1713. Framing and Concrete Forms.
(a) Framed panels for structures shall be securely anchored, guyed, or braced to prevent them from falling.
(b) Form panels for concrete structures shall be securely anchored, guyed, or braced to prevent them from falling or collapsing.
(1) Panels exceeding 500 pounds shall have lifting attachments with a safety factor of 4.

(2) Nailed lifting attachments shall not be used.
(c) Reinforcing steel shall not be used as guy attachments.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1714. Hoisting and Erecting Precast, Prefabricated Concrete Construction (Other Than Tilt-Up Panels).
(a) An erection plan and procedure shall be prepared by, or under the direction of, a civil engineer currently registered in California (hereinafter referred to as the responsible engineer).
(1) The erection plan and procedure shall be available at the job site.
(2) Job site inspections shall be made by the responsible engineer, or an authorized representative, during the course of erection to ensure that the erection plan and procedures are followed.
(3) Any proposed field modifications shall be approved by the responsible engineer and added to the plan and procedure available at the job site.
(4) Precast member or vertical panel bracing shall be designed by, or under the direction of, and installed in accordance with the direction of, the responsible engineer.
(5) Lifting methods and procedures shall be such that employees are not at risk of being struck by the concrete member, panel or supporting equipment.
(b) Lifting inserts, which are embedded or otherwise attached to precast concrete members, shall be capable of supporting at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to them, and shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(c) Lifting hardware shall be capable of supporting at least five times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the lifting hardware.
(d) Precast concrete members and structural framing shall be supported to prevent falling, overturning and collapse until the permanent connections specified in the erection plan are completed.
(e) Adjustment of precast members after initial placement, which requires the lifting of the members in any manner, shall not be made unless wire rope safety tie backs are used or the members are reattached to a load line.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1715. Tilt-Up Concrete Panel Construction.
(a) Concrete erection stresses, lifting point attachments and locations in tilt-up concrete panels shall be designed for expected loads, including impact, by, or under the direction of, a civil engineer currently registered in California (hereinafter referred to as the responsible engineer).
(b) Lifting inserts, which are embedded or otherwise attached to tilt-up concrete members shall be capable of supporting at least two times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to them, and shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(c) Lifting hardware shall be capable of supporting at least five times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the lifting hardware.
(d) Vertical panel bracing used to support the tilt-up panels prior to final bolting/attachment shall be designed by, or under the direction of, and installed in accordance with the direction of the responsible engineer.
(1) Bracing shall be designed to withstand, at a minimum, a wind load induced force of a 70 mile per hour wind.
(2) Prior to the commencement of panel erection, detailed lifting and erection plans shall be prepared by, or under the direction of, the responsible engineer. All panel erection shall be performed in accordance with the plan.
(3) The lifting and erection plans and procedures shall be available on the job site.
(4) Field modifications to the lifting plan shall be approved by the responsible engineer and added to the plans and procedures available at the job site.
(5) Lifting methods and procedures shall be such that employees are not at risk of being struck by the panel or other supporting equipment.
(e) Tilt-up wall panels shall be supported to prevent overturning, toppling and/or collapse until permanent connections are completed as specified in the erection plan.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1716. Bolting, Riveting, Fitting-Up and Plumbing.
(a) General requirements:
(1) Containers shall be provided for storing or carrying rivets, bolts, and drift pins, and secured against accidental displacement when aloft.
(2) Pneumatic hand tools shall be disconnected from the power source, and pressure in hose lines shall be released, before any adjustments or repairs are made.

(3) Air line hose sections shall be tied together except when quick disconnect couplers are used to join sections.
(b) Bolting
(1) When bolts or drift pins are being knocked out, means shall be provided to keep them from falling.
(2) Impact wrenches shall be provided with a locking device for retaining the socket.
(c) Riveting
(1) Riveting shall not be done in the vicinity of combustible material unless precautions are taken to prevent fire.
(2) When rivet heads are knocked off, or backed out, means shall be provided to keep them from falling.
(3) A safety wire shall be properly installed on the snap and on the handle of the pneumatic riveting hammer and shall be used at all times. The wire size shall be not less than No. 9 (B & S gauge), leaving the handle and annealed No. 14 on the snap, or equivalent.
(d) Plumbing-up
(1) Connections of the equipment used in plumbing-up shall be properly secured.
(2) The turnbuckles shall be secured to prevent unwinding while under stress.
(3) Plumbing-up guys related equipment shall be placed so that employees can get at the connection points.
(4) Plumbing-up guys shall be removed only under the supervision of a competent person.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1716.1. Structural Wood Framing Systems.
(a) Scope. This section applies to the construction and placement of structural wood framing systems.
(b) Definitions.
(1) Structural wood framing systems. Operations, methods, and procedures associated with the installation of essentially horizontal wood framing systems (including panelized roof systems) that are typically associated with construction used in non-residential type structures, such as warehouses, gymnasiums, shopping malls or similar structures. These orders do not apply to framing procedures typically associated with residential structures.
(2) Administrative controls. Employee training and instructions for the hazards associated with the construction of structural wood framing systems and the immediate presence of competent supervision on the jobsite to ensure safe work practices are followed where engineering controls have proven not to be feasible.
(c) Exposure and Protection.
(1) Employees are to be protected from falls by guardrails as specified in Section 1620 or a safety net, personal fall protection system, or other methods specified in Article 24 while walking/working on surfaces 15 feet or more above a lower level.
(A) Employees working at the leading edge shall be provided with either fall protection as specified in Article 24, utilize a fall protection plan or be protected by parapets at least 24 inches high.
(d) Use of lift trucks and elevated work platforms.
(1) When it is necessary to elevate employees using an industrial truck, the requirements of General Industry Safety Orders, Section 3657, Elevating Employees with Lift Trucks, and Section 3659, Back Guards, shall apply.
Exception: The seven foot back guard for the mast may be omitted where restricted clearance exists or the nature of the work prohibits its use. Where either of these conditions exists, administrative controls to ensure the safety of the employee shall be used.
(2) Employees and/or loads shall not be on the elevated work platform when the operator is not at the lift controls unless the following is complied with: the operator is able to see the lift, is within 25 feet, and has unobstructed return access to the lift; the power is turned off; brakes are set; and, the lift is on a level surface.
Note :Where it is necessary to tilt the mast of the lift truck to allow an employee to accomplish a necessary activity at an elevated location, the operator may tilt the mast forward, not to exceed 3 feet from the vertical if the work is of short duration and competent supervision is immediately present during the operation. Prior to elevating and tilting the mast, the operator shall inspect and verify the work platform is secure to the lift forks.
(e) Roof or Floor Openings.
(1) Roof or floor openings which exist during the construction of a structural wood framing system are to be guarded by a standard railing and toeboard or by a cover. The covering shall be secured in place and identified as an opening cover in letters not less than one inch high.
(2) Temporary openings shall be covered or guarded as soon as the operation reasonably permits.
(f) Erection procedure.
(1) A site-specific, written erection procedure shall be prepared by a qualified person, and implemented under the direct supervision of a competent person.
(2) A copy of the erection procedure shall be available at the jobsite.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1716.2. Wood and Light Gage Steel Frame Construction, Residential/Light Commercial.
(a) Scope and Application.
This section applies to work directly associated with the framing of new buildings or structures using the operations, methods, and procedures associated with residential-type framing activities, i.e., joists or trusses resting on stud walls.
(b) Definitions.
(1) Bottom Plate. The bottom horizontal member of a frame wall. Sometimes called the "sole plate."
(2) Eaves. The lowest edge of a sloped roof.
(3) Fascia Board. The exterior trim board at the perimeter of the roof.
(4) Joist. One of a series of parallel beams used to create a structural support system for a floor deck or flat roof, onto which sheathing is fastened.
(5) Nominal Size. For purposes of this section, the commercial size designation of a standard width and depth of standard sawn lumber and glue laminated lumber grades; larger than the standard actual net size of the finished, dressed lumber. An approximate rough-cut dimension assigned to a piece of material as a convenience in referencing to the piece, such as "2 x 4".
(6) Rafter. One of a series of structural members of a roof designed to support roof loads. A framing member that runs up and down the slope of a pitched roof. The beams that slope from the ridge of a roof to the eaves and make-up the main body of the roof's framework. The rafters of a flat roof are sometimes called roof joists.
(7) Residential-type Framing Activities. For the purposes of this section, residential-type framing activities include: installation of floor joists, floor sheathing, layout and installation of walls, hanging and nailing of shear panels, setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters, installation of starter board, roof sheathing, and fascia board; installation of windows, siding and exterior trim.
(8) Roof Slope. For the purposes of this section, the incline angle of a roof surface, given as a ratio of the vertical rise to the horizontal run. A 7:12 roof has 7 feet of vertical rise for 12 feet of horizontal run.
(9) Sheathing. The structural panel covering fastened onto studs, floor joists, and/or rafters/trusses.
(10) Slide Guards. A 2-inch nominal cleat, on centers not to exceed 4 feet, securely fastened to the roof sheathing to provide footing on a sloped roof.
(11) Starter Board. The board-type sheathing material installed at eaves and gable ends in the plane of the sheathing and visible from the underside.
(12) Stud. A vertical framing member in walls and partitions, also referred to as a wall stud, attached to the horizontal sole plate below and the top plate above.
(13) Top Plate. Top horizontal member of a frame wall supporting ceiling joists, rafters, or other structural members.
(14) Truss. Prefabricated structural roof unit consisting of triangular bracing (truss webs) between the ceiling joist (bottom chord) and the roof rafter (top chord) commonly installed parallel with other trusses to create a structural support system for a roof after which sheathing is fastened. The bottom chord often serves as a ceiling joist. Each member is usually subjected to longitudinal stress only, either tension or compression.
(15) Truss Support Plate. A temporary support structure erected near mid-span of an area with a large open span, such as a garage, to support trusses during installation.
(c) Raising Walls.

(1) Before manually raising framed walls that are 15 feet or more in height, temporary restraints such as cleats on the foundation/floor system or straps on the wall bottom plate shall be installed to prevent inadvertent horizontal sliding or uplift of the framed wall bottom plate.
(2) Anchor bolts alone shall not be used for blocking or bracing when raising framed walls 15 feet or more in height.
(d) Stabilization of Structures.
Employees shall not work from or walk on top plates, joists, rafters, trusses, beams or other structural members until they are securely braced and supported.
(e) Work on Top Plate, Joists and Roof Structure Framing.
(1) When employees are walking/working on top plates, joists, rafters, trusses, beams or other similar structural members over 15 feet above the surrounding grade or floor level below, fall protection shall be provided by scaffolding, guardrails, a personal fall protection system, or by other means prescribed by CSO Article 24, Fall Protection. Exceptions: (A) When employees are walking/working on securely braced joists, rafters or roof trusses on center spacing not exceeding 24 inches, and more than 6 feet from an unprotected side or edge, they shall be considered protected from falls between the joists, rafters or roof trusses.(A) When employees are walking/working on securely braced joists, rafters or roof trusses on center spacing not exceeding 24 inches, and more than 6 feet from an unprotected side or edge, they shall be considered protected from falls between the joists, rafters or roof trusses.
(B) When installing floor joists, employees shall be considered protected from falls up to and including 15 feet above the surrounding grade or floor level below when standing on or working from joists laid on their sides on the top plate on center spacing not exceeding 24 inches when walking/working within 24 inches of the top plate or other structural support.
(2) Truss Support Plate. Where a truss support plate is used during the installation of trusses, it shall be constructed of a 2x6 plank laid flat, secured lineally to a 2x6 plank laid on edge, supported with 2x4 wood members (legs) spaced no more than 6 feet on center and attached to diagonal bracing adequately secured to support its intended load. All material dimensions are minimum and nominal.
(f) Work on Floors and Other Walking/Working Surfaces. When working on floors and other walking/working surfaces that will later be enclosed by framed exterior walls, employees directly involved with the layout and construction of framed stud walls shall be protected from falling by standard guardrails as specified in Section 1620 around all unprotected sides or edges, or by other means prescribed by CSO Article 24, Fall Protection, when the floor or walking/working surface is over 15 feet above the surrounding grade or floor level below.
(g) Work on Starter Board, Roof Sheathing and Fascia Board.
(1) When installing starter board, roof sheathing, and fascia board, employees shall be protected from falling by scaffolding, guardrails, personal fall protection systems, or other means prescribed by CSO Article 24, Fall Protection as follows:
(A) For structures greater than one story in height where the fall height exceeds 15 feet above the surrounding grade or floor level below, or
(B) When working on roofs sloped greater than 7:12. EXCEPTIONto (g)(1)(B):For roofs sloped up to 12:12, slide guards may be used as fall protection up to and including 15 feet as measured from the eaves to the surrounding grade or floor level below.
(2) Employees working inside the gable end truss or rafter shall be considered protected from falls where the gable end truss has been installed and braced to withstand a lateral force of 200 pounds and the employee installs fascia or starter board working from within the gable end truss or rafter.
(3) When work must be performed outside the gable end truss or rafter, the employee shall be protected from falling by scaffolding, or a personal fall protection system, or other means prescribed by CSO Article 24. EXCEPTIONto (g)(3):When the work is of short duration and limited exposure and the hazards involved in rigging and installing the safety devices required equal or exceed the hazards involved in the actual construction, these provisions may be temporarily suspended provided the work is performed by a qualified person.
(h) Installation of Windows. Wall openings shall be guarded as required by Section 1632. The guardrail may be removed immediately prior to the installation of the window components if removal of the guardrail is necessary to install the window(s).
(i) Scaffolding.
(1) Where scaffolding is used, it shall be constructed in accordance with all applicable requirements of CSO Articles 21 and 22 (Scaffolds).
(2) Where scaffolds are installed parallel and adjacent to framed structure walls, the interior railing may be omitted for installing joists, rafters or trusses if the scaffold platform is 15 feet or less from the interior floor level below and the top plate is higher than the adjacent work platform.
(3) When a scaffold is used as an edge protection platform:
(A) The platform shall not be more than 2 feet vertically below the top plate, and shall be fully planked.
(B) The distance between the inboard edge of the platform and the building or structure wall shall not be more than 16 inches.
(4) Additional provisions where a metal frame scaffold is used as an edge protection platform:

(A) A 2" x 6" or larger toeboard shall be secured on edge parallel to the outer rail.
(B) Scaffolds shall be secured in tension and compression to the structure at or near the top of the scaffold at each end and at every other frame not to exceed 20-foot intervals.
(C) Guard railings shall extend not less than 42 inches vertically above the eaves if the outboard edge of the platform extends less than 12 inches horizontally beyond the eaves.
(j) Training:
Employees exposed to fall hazards shall be trained in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1509 and 3203 to recognize fall hazards associated with the erection and construction activities they will be performing and shall be trained in the procedures to be followed in order to minimize these hazards. Such training shall be documented in accordance with Section 3203.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1717. Falsework and Vertical Shoring.
(a) Design Loads.
(1) Formwork and falsework or shoring for the support of concrete or other materials shall be designed, erected, supported, braced and maintained so as to assure its ability to safely withstand all intended loads during erection, construction, usage and removal.
(2) The minimum total design load for any formwork and shoring shall be not less than 100 pounds per square foot for the combined live and dead load regardless of slab thickness; however, the minimum allowance for live load and formwork shall be not less than 20 pounds per square foot in addition to the weight of the concrete.
When the equipment listed below is used, the above figures shall be increased in all cases by the amounts shown.

Worker propelled carts....... 10 pounds per square foot.
Motorized carts.............. 25 pounds per square foot.

(3) Special consideration shall be given and the necessary additional allowances made for any unusual circumstances such as floor hoppers, concentrated piles of reinforcing steel bars, or similar loads.
(4) The lateral loads for shoring to be resisted at each floor in both directions by diagonal bracing, or other means, shall be taken at not less than 100 pounds per lineal foot of floor edge or two percent of the total dead load whichever is greater.
(b) Design.
(1) Detailed design calculations and working drawings shall be approved and signed by a civil engineer, currently registered in California, for all falsework or vertical shoring installations where any of the following conditions exists:
(A) The height, as measured from the top of the sills to the soffit of the superstructure exceeds 14 feet.
(B) Individual horizontal span lengths exceed 16 feet.
(C) Provisions for vehicular or railroad traffic through the falsework or vertical shoring are made.
(2) For all falsework and vertical shoring installations not covered by (b)(1) above, the falsework plan or shoring layout shall be approved and signed by one of the following:
(A) A civil engineer currently registered in California.

(B) A manufacturer's authorized representative.
(C) A licensed contractor's representative qualified in the usage and erection of falsework and vertical shoring.
(3) A falsework plan or a shoring layout shall be available on the job site at all times.
(4) All vertical supports shall be erected on a properly compacted and reasonably level and stable base. Plate, pads and load bearing characteristics of the soil shall be adequate to support the imposed loads.
Note: (1) Precautions shall be taken so that weather and concrete pouring conditions do not change the load carrying capacity of the soil below the design minimum. (2) The Division may require that evidence be submitted to justify the design for any falsework or vertical shoring installation.
(c) Inspection.
(1) After construction of the falsework or vertical shoring system enumerated in section 1717(b)(1) and prior to placement of concrete, a civil engineer, currently registered in California, or authorized representative, shall inspect the falsework or vertical shoring system for conformity with the working drawings. The person performing the inspection shall certify in writing that the falsework or vertical shoring system substantially conforms to the workingdrawings and that the material and workmanship are satisfactory.
(2) After construction of the falsework or vertical shoring system enumerated in section 1717(b)(2) and prior to the placement of concrete, an inspection for conformity with the working drawings shall be made by one of the following persons.
(A) A civil engineer currently registered in California.
(B) A manufacturer's authorized representative.
(C) A licensed contractor's representative qualified in the usage and erection of falsework and vertical shoring.
(3) The person performing the inspection shall certify in writing that the falsework or vertical shoring system conforms to the working drawings and that the material and workmanship are satisfactory. The certification shall be available at the job site.
(d) Work Area and Procedures.
(1) Where wood shores are butt spliced, they shall be made with square joints and secured on four sides with not less than 2-inch material or of 5/ 8-inch plywood of the same width as the post. The scabs shall extend at least two feet beyond the joint.
(2) If metal shore clamps are used, they shall be installed according to manufacturer's specifications.
(3) In lieu of requirements for standard walkways and work platforms in the immediate area where forms are being installed, joists or similar members not less than 5 1/2 inches wide and on centers not to exceed 36 inches shall be provided.
(4) When the formwork and shoring are being erected, the first set of protective guardrails shall be installed at the perimeter immediately after such supporting members are in place. Railings are to be installed and maintained at perimeter of and at openings in all floors of buildings and sides of bridge decks at all times.
(5) In the area immediately adjacent to where the joists or similar members are being installed, a 12-inch wide plank resting on the joists is acceptable as a walkway for distributing joists.
(6) Building floor form installation
(A) Employees shall be prohibited from working below a building floor form installation, except those individuals actually engaged in this installation, removal, or inspection. Warning signs to this effect shall be posted at the perimeter of the affected work area.
(B) During the actual placement of concrete, only those individuals who are engaged in the inspection or necessary building floor form modifications shall be permitted in the affected work area below the concrete placement.
(C) Areas underneath building floor form installations described in sections 1717(b)(1)(A) or 1717(b)(1)(B) shall not be occupied before, during, or after the placement of concrete unless the building floor form installations have been inspected and certified, by a civil engineer currently registered in California, to safely withstand all anticipated loads. All other building floor form installations shall be inspected and certified by one of the following persons, to safely withstand all anticipated loads.
1. A civil engineer currently registered in California.
2. A licensed contractor, or representative, qualified to determine that the floor form installation can safely withstand all anticipated loads.
(7) Stripped forms and shoring shall be removed and stockpiled promptly in all areas in which persons are required to work or pass. Protruding nails, wire ties, and other form accessories not necessary to subsequent work shall be pulled, cut, or other means taken to eliminate the related hazards.
(e) Removal.
(1) Formwork and shores (except those used for slabs on grade and slip forms) shall not be removed until the employer determines that the concrete has gained sufficient strength to support its weight and superimposed loads. Such determination shall be based on compliance with the stipulated conditions for removal of forms and shores indicated in the plans and specifications.
(2) Reshoring shall not be removed until the concrete being supported has attained the strength to support its weight and all loads placed upon it.
Note: For regulations relating to permits for falsework, see Section 1503.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1718. Riding on Loads.
(a) No person shall be permitted to ride on loads, hooks, or slings of any derrick, hoist, or crane.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1719. Vertical Slip Form Operations.
(a) The steel rods or pipe on which the jacks climb or by which the forms are lifted shall be specifically designed for the purpose. Such rods shall be adequately braced where not encased in concrete.
(b) Jacks and vertical supports shall be positioned in such a manner that the vertical loads are distributed equally and do not exceed the capacity of the jacks.
(c) The jacks or other lifting devices shall be provided with mechanical dogs or other automatic holding devices to provide protection in case of failure of the power supply or the lifting mechanism.
(d) Lifting shall proceed steadily and uniformly and shall not exceed the predetermined safe rate of lift.
(e) Lateral and diagonal bracing of the forms shall be provided to prevent excessive distortion of the structure during the jacking operation.
(f) During jacking operations, the form structure shall be maintained in line and plumb.
(g) All vertical lift forms shall be provided with scaffolding or work platforms completely encircling the area of placement.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1720. Placement of Concrete.
(a) Concrete Buggies.
(1) Handles of buggies shall not extend beyond the wheels on either side of the buggy.
(2) Handles shall be guarded or equipped with knuckle guards.
(b) Concrete Pumps and Placing Booms.

(1) Scope. This subsection is applicable to truck-mounted concrete boom pumps, trailer-mounted concrete pumps and separate concrete placing booms.
(2) Definitions.
Concrete delivery hose. A flexible delivery hose having a coupling on each end.
Control panel. The place where the control actuating devices for the operation of the machine are located.
Delivery system. Delivery lines, hoses, and their components, as well as transfer valves, through which the material to be transported is pumped.
End hose. A flexible concrete delivery hose which has only one end coupling.
Placing boom. Manual or power driven, slewable working device, consisting of one or more extendable or foldable parts which support the concrete delivery system, and which direct the discharge into the desired location.
Remote control. A control device for the machine that is portable and may be connected to the machine by a wire umbilical cord or linked by radio or other wireless means.
(3) General.
(A) Equipment identification and ratings.
1. The following information shall be legibly marked on a durable identification plate on the concrete pump.
a. Manufacturer's name.
b. Year of manufacture.
c. Serial number.
d. Type or model identification.
e. Maximum working pressure in the hydraulic system.
f. Maximum material pressure.

g. Power rating for electrical equipment (voltage, frequency, amperage).
2. The following information shall be legibly marked on a durable identification plate on the placing boom.
a. Manufacturer's name.
b. Year of manufacture.
c. Serial number.
d. Type or model identification.
e. Maximum working pressure in the hydraulic system.
f. Maximum weight per foot of the delivery system, including concrete at 150 lbs/foot cubed.
(B) Set-up and operation. Concrete pumping equipment and placing booms shall be set-up and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's operation and safety manuals, and these Orders.
1. The manufacturer's operation manual shall be maintained in legible condition and shall be available to the operator during set-up and operation of the equipment.
2. The concrete placing boom shall not be used to drag hoses or lift other loads.
3. Concrete delivery hoses shall not be used as end hoses. Exceptions for (B)3: 1. Shotcrete operations. 2. When the hose is supported by the walking/working surface while pumping and placing flatwork.
(C) Controls.
1. Controls shall have their function clearly marked.
2. If there are several control locations, the same operation shall only be possible from one location at a time. Exception for (C)2: Emergency stop controls required by subsection (b)(3)(C)4 shall have priority and shall be operable from any installed location.

3. Controls shall be safeguarded against unintentional operation. Exception for (C)3:Equipment manufactured before May 3, 2006.
4. Each machine shall be equipped with an emergency stop system.
a. The machine shall be equipped with emergency stop devices at the control panels and at the remote control device.
(D) Guarding. Guarding shall be provided and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers' specifications to prevent unintentional access to moving parts.
(E) Delivery systems.
1. Concrete pumping systems using discharge pipes shall be provided with pipe supports designed for twice the rated load, including concrete at 150 lbs/ft cubed.
2. Compressed air hoses, if used, shall be equipped with connecting ends that shall be chained or otherwise secured to prevent whipping in case of separation when pressurized.

(F) Operation of concrete placing booms in proximity of overhead high-voltage lines shall be in accordance with Article 37 of the High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders.
1. Warning signs. Concrete placing booms shall be posted with durable warning signs in accordance with Section 2947.
Exception: Minimum clearances from overhead high-voltage lines in accordance with manufacturers' specifications may be posted where minimum clearance distances are greater than those prescribed by Article 37 of the High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders.Minimum clearances from overhead high-voltage lines in accordance with manufacturers' specifications may be posted where minimum clearance distances are greater than those prescribed by Article 37 of the High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders. (continued)