CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
(e) Governor Ropes and Tripping Mechanisms.
(1) Material and Factor of Safety.

Governor ropes shall be of iron, steel, nickel-copper alloys (Monel Metal, or the equivalent), phosphor bronze, or stainless steel, of regular lay construction, and shall be not less than 3/8-inch in diameter. Tiller rope construction shall not be used.
The factor of safety of governor ropes or governor-tripping mechanisms shall be not less than five.
(2) Replacement of Existing Governor Ropes.
Replacement governor ropes shall be of the same size, material, and construction as the rope originally furnished by the hoist manufacturer, except that a rope of the same size but of either different material or construction may be employed provided there is conformance with the requirements of Section 1604.20(g) and a test is made of the car or counterweight safety and speed governor with the new rope to demonstrate that the safety will function as required by Section 1604.19(b).
(3) Governor Rope Clearance.

During normal operation of the hoist, the governor rope shall run free and clear of the governor jaws, rope guards, or other stationary parts.
(4) Splicing Governor Ropes.
Governor ropes shall not be lengthened or repaired by splicing.
(f) Design of Governor Jaws.
Type B and C car and counterweight safeties shall be actuated by a governor equipped with rope-grip jaws which will permit the governor rope to pull through the jaws. The maximum tension in the governor rope to cause it to slip through the governor jaws shall not exceed 1/5 of the rated ultimate strength of the rope.
Governor jaws shall be of such shape and minimum length that no appreciable damage to, or deformation of, the rope shall result from the stopping action of the jaws in operating the car or counterweight safety.
(g) Design of Speed Governor Sheaves and Traction Between the Speed Governor Rope and Sheaves.
The arc of contact between the governor rope and the governor sheaves shall, in conjunction with a governor-rope tension device, provide sufficient traction to cause proper functioning of the governor.
Governor-sheave grooves shall have machine-finished surfaces. Governor tension sheaves shall have machine-finished grooves for rated car speeds of more than 200 feet per minute. Machined governor-sheave grooves shall have a groove diameter of not more than 1 1/8 times the diameter of the governor rope.
The pitch diameter of governor sheaves and governor tension sheaves shall be not less than the product of the diameter of the rope and the applicable multiplier in the following list, based on the rated speed and the number of strands in the rope:

No. of
Rated Speed ......... Strands .. Multiplier
200 feet per minute or less ...... 6 ......... 42
200 feet per minute or less ...... 8 ......... 30
Over 200 feet per minute ......... 6 ......... 46

Over 200 feet per minute ......... 8 ......... 32

(h) Governor Marking Plate.
A plate shall be securely attached to each governor and shall be marked in a legible and permanent manner with letters and figures not less than 1/4-inch in height, indicating the following:
(1) The speed, in feet per minute, at which the governor is set and sealed to trip the governor rope-grip jaws.
(2) The size, material and construction of the governor rope on which the governor jaws were designed to operate.

s 1604.21. Capacity and Loading.
(a) Inside Net Platform Area.
The inside net platform area (see Figure 4) of the hoist car is determined by the rated capacity of the hoist and shall be no greater than that given in Table 4.
Exception: The rated capacity of hoists with existing oversized cars shall be based on not less than 65 pounds per square foot of inside net platform area. A period of five years from the effective date of these Orders will be allowed for existing personnel hoists to be made to comply with Section 1604.21(a).

Table 4
Relationship of Hoist Rated Capacity
to Inside Net Platform Area
_________________________________________
Rated Load ... Inside Net Platform Area
(pounds) ..... (square feet)
_________________________________________
2,000 ........ 24.2
2,500 ........ 29.1
3,000 ........ 33.7
3,500 ........ 38.0
4,000 ........ 42.2
4,500 ........ 46.2
5,000 ........ 50.0
10,000 ....... 88.0
_________________________________________

(b) Capacity and Data Plates.
Every hoist car shall be provided with a capacity plate and a data plate permanently and securely fastened in place. Capacity plates shall be located in a conspicuous place inside the car. Data plates shall be located on the car crosshead.
Exception: For cantilever cars having no crosshead, the data plate shall be located inside the car.

Fig. 4 Inside Net Platform Areas For Personnel-Hoist Cars

(c) Information Required on Plates.
(1) Capacity plates shall indicate the following:
(A) The rated capacity of the car, in pounds.

(B) The number of persons (200 pounds per person).
(2) Data plates shall indicate the following:
(A) The weight of the car, including safety and all auxiliary equipment attached thereto.
(B) The rated load and speed.
(C) The wire rope data required under 1604.25(b).
(d) Material and Marking of Plate.
Plates shall have letters and figures printed, stamped, or etched or cast on the surface of a durable plate in such a manner as to be readily legible at all times. The height of the letters and figures shall not be less than 1-inch for capacity plates, and 1/8-inch for data plates.
(e) Overload Devices.
Overload devices shall not be permitted.

s 1604.22. Driving Machines, Sheaves, and Drums.
(a) Type of Driving Machines.
Driving machines shall be powered by electric or hydraulic motors. Hydraulic units, where used shall be electrically driven. The hydraulic drive shall consist of an oil storage tank, a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor brake and shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Valves, piping and fittings shall not be subjected to working pressures exceeding those recommended by the manufacturer for the type of service for which they are used.
(2) Piping shall be so supported as to eliminate undue stresses at joints and fittings, particularly at any section of the line subject to vibration.
(3) Flexible connections shall -where installed in high pressure lines -have a bursting strength of not less than three times the working pressure. Flexible joints may be used in hydraulic lines connecting control or check valves to the motor provided the failure of the flexible sealing element shall not permit separation of the parts connected.
(4) Each pump or group of pumps shall be equipped with a relief valve conforming to the following requirements:
(A) The relief valve shall be located between the pump and the check valve and shall be of such a type and so installed in a bypass connection that the valve cannot be shutoff from the hydraulic system.
(B) The relief valve shall be preset to open at a pressure not greater than 125 percent of the working pressure at the pump.

(C) The size of the relief valve and bypass shall be sufficient to pass the maximum rated capacity of the pump without raising the pressure more than 20 percent above that at which the valve opens. Two or more relief valves may be used to obtain the required capacity.
(D) Relief valves having exposed pressure adjustments, if used, shall have their means of adjustment sealed after being set to the correct pressure.
(5) An electric interlock shall be provided to prevent the start or the movement of the hoist car unless the pump operates at the normal operating speed and pressure.
(6) The brake shall remain in applied position until the pump operates at the normal operating speed and pressure and the movement of the hoist car is initiated.
(7) All components of the hydraulic system shall be shielded.
(b) Winding Drums.
Winding-drum machines may be used irrespective of car travel provided that the drums are grooved for hoisting wire rope. Grooves shall be machine-finished and shall be of the helical or parallel type.
If drums are equipped with helical grooving, only one layer of rope shall be permitted on the drum. If drums are equipped with parallel grooving, (LeBus System, or the equivalent) more than one, but not more than four, layers of rope shall be permitted on the drum.
(c) Car Speed.
The car speed for all drives shall not exceed 600 feet per minute.
(d) Diameter of Drums and Sheaves.
Driving sheaves and drums shall have a pitch diameter of not less than forty times the diameter of the hoisting wire rope. Overhead and deflector sheaves shall have a diameter of not less than thirty times the rope diameter.
Exception: Where 8 x 19 wire hoist rope is used on machines existing at the time of the effective date of these Orders, sheaves and drums may have a diameter of not less than 32 times the rope diameter.
(e) Worms and Worm Gears.
Worms and worm gears, where used in the drive machine, shall be of steel and bronze, respectively.
(1) Helical or parallel drives must run in oil.
(f) Friction Gearing and Clutches.
Friction gearing or clutch mechanisms shall be prohibited.
(g) Brakes.
The driving machine shall be equipped with a friction brake applied by a spring or by gravity and released electrically or hydraulically. The brake shall be designed to have a capacity sufficient to stop and hold the car at rest at 125% of its rated load.
(h) Rack and Pinion Drive.
The rack and pinion drive shall consist of one or more power-driven rotating pinions mounted on the car and arranged to travel on a stationary vertical rack mounted on the hoist structure. The drive shall have at least one pinion, one rack, and two backup rollers. The pinions and rack shall be of steel and shall comply with the following standards of the American Gear Manufacturing Association: AGMA 210.22, AGMA 220.02, and AGMA 240.01. Driving machines located within the car shall be fully enclosed with solid or open metal and if in a cabinet, the cabinet shall be locked.
(i) Factors of Safety.
The factor of safety to be used in the design of driving machines and in the design of sheaves used with hoisting and compensating ropes shall be not less than the following:
(1) Eight for steel, bronze, or for other metals having an elongation of at least 14% in a length of 2 inches.
(2) Ten for cast iron, or for other metals having an elongation of less than 14% in a length of 2 inches.

The load to be used in determining the factor of safety shall be the resultant of the maximum tensions in the ropes leading from the sheave or drum with car at rest and with rated load in the car.

s 1604.23. Terminal Stopping Devices.
(a) General Requirements.
Normal- and final-terminal stopping device switches shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Where located on the car or on the hoist structure, normal- and final-terminal stopping device switches shall be of the enclosed type and securely mounted in such a manner that the movement of the switch lever or roller to open the contacts shall be as nearly as possible in a direction at right angles to a vertical plane through the face of the car guide members.
(2) Operating cams shall be of metal and shall be rigid.
(3) The switch contacts shall be directly opened mechanically.
Arrangements which depend on a spring or gravity, or both, to open the contacts shall not be used.
(b) Normal-Terminal Stopping Devices.
(1) Where Stopping Devices are Required and Function.
Upper and lower normal-terminal stopping devices shall be provided to stop the car automatically, at or near the top and bottom terminal landings, with any load up to and including rated load in the car and from any speed attained normal stopping means and of the final-terminal stopping device. The device shall be so designed and installed that it will continue to function until the final-terminal stopping device operates. The normal-terminal stopping device may be used as the normal stopping means.

(2) Location of Stopping Switches.
Stopping switches for normal-terminal stopping devices shall be located as follows:
(A) Stopping switches for traction machines shall be located on the car, on the hoist structure, or in the machine room, and shall be operated by the movement of the car.
(B) Stopping switches for winding-drum machines shall be located on the car or on the hoist structure and shall be operated by the movement of the car.
(C) Rack and pinion hoists shall have normal-terminal stopping switches located on the cage and operated by cams attached to the hoist structure or switches located on the hoist structure and operated by cams attached to the car.
(3) Requirements for Stopping Switches in Machine Rooms.
Stopping switches located in a machine room shall conform to the following requirements:

(A) The stopping-switch contacts shall be mounted on, and operated by, a stopping device mechanically connected to, and driven by, the car. Stopping devices depending on friction or traction shall not be used.
(B) Tapes, chains, ropes, or similar devices mechanically connecting the stopping device to the car and used as a driving means shall be provided with a device which will cause the electric power to be removed from the elevator driving-machine motor and brake if the driving means fails.
(C) Only one set of floor-stopping contacts is necessary for each terminal landing on floor controllers or other similar devices used to stop the car automatically at the landings (such as automatic operation, signal operation, etc.), provided these contacts and the means for operating them conform to the requirements of Sections 1604.23(b)(3)(A) and 1604.23(b)(3)(B). These contacts may then serve also normal-terminal stopping devices.
(c) Final-Terminal Stopping Devices.
(1) Where Stopping Devices Are Required and Function.

Final-terminal stopping devices shall be provided and arranged to cause the electric power to be removed automatically from the hoist driving-machine motor and brake after the car has passed a terminal landing. The device shall be set to function as close to the terminal landing as practicable but so that under normal operating conditions it will not function when the car is stopped by the normal-terminal stopping device. Where spring buffers are provided, the device shall function before the buffer is engaged. The device shall be so designed and installed that it will continue to function at the following:
(A) At the top terminal landing, until the car has traveled above this landing a distance equal to the counterweight runby plus 1 1/2 times the buffer stroke, but in no case less than 2 feet.
(B) At the bottom terminal landing, until the car rests on its fully compressed buffer.
The operation of final-terminal stopping devices shall prevent movement of the car by the normal operating devices in both directions of travel and shall be reset manually.
(2) Location.

Final-terminal stopping devices shall be located as follows:
(A) Hoists having traction machines shall have final-terminal stopping switches located on the hoist structure and operated by cams attached to the car.
(B) Hoists having winding-drum machines shall have final-terminal stopping switches located on, and operated by, the driving machine and also stopping switches located on the hoist structure and operated by cams attached to the car.
(C) Rack and pinion hoists shall have final-terminal stopping devices located on the cage and operated by cams attached to the hoist structure or switches located on the hoist structure and operated by cams attached to the car.
(3) Controller Switches Controlled by Final-Terminal Stopping Device.
The normal- and final-terminal stopping device shall not control the same controller switches unless two or more separate and independent switches are provided, two of which shall be closed to complete the driving-machine motor-and-brake circuit in either direction of travel. Where a two- or three-phase AC driving-machine motor is used, these switches shall be of the multi-pole type.
The control shall be so designed and installed that a single ground or short circuit may permit either, but not prevent both, the normal- or final-terminal stopping device circuits from stopping the car.
(4) Requirements for Drum-Type Personnel Hists.
Final-terminal stopping devices for drum machines shall conform to the following requirements:
(A) Stopping switches located on, and operated by, the driving machine shall not be driven by chains, ropes, or belts.
(d) Terminal Speed-Limiting Devices.
Terminal speed-limiting devices shall be installed when reduced-stroke oil buffers are used, and car speed exceeds 300 feet per minute. These devices shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Terminal speed-limiting devices shall operate independently of the normal-terminal stopping device should this device fail to slow down the car at the terminal as intended.
(2) Terminal speed-limiting devices shall provide a retardation not in excess of 32.2 feet per second per second.
(3) Terminal speed-limiting devices shall not apply the car safety.
(4) Terminal speed-limiting devices shall be so designed and installed that a single short circuit caused by a combination of grounds or by other conditions shall not prevent their functioning.

s 1604.24. Operating Devices and Control Equipment.
(a) Operation and Operating Devices.
(1) Types of Operating Devices. All operating devices shall be of the enclosed electric type. Rope or rod operating devices actuated directly by hand, or rope operating devices actuated by wheels, levers, or cranks, shall not be used.
(2) Operating Devices for Car-Switch Operation Hoists.

Handles of lever-type operating devices of car-switch operation hoists shall be so arranged that they will return to the stop position when the hand of the operator is removed. Car-switch push-buttons shall be of the constant-pressure type so that when the hand is removed from the button the car will stop.
(3) Top-of-Car Operation During Inspection.
When an inspector is stationed on top of a car in performance of his normal duties, the car shall be operated, when required, by an operator inside the car and by means of the normal operating devices. In addition, the car shall be operated in response to voice command of the inspector and only in the slowest speed. An emergency stop button located on top of the car shall be provided for use by the inspector to stop the car at any point of travel. A guardrail shall be provided on top of cantilever-type cars. The guardrail shall be approximately 42 inches in height with an intermediate rail.
(b) Electrical Protective Devices.
Electrical protective devices shall be provided in accordance with the following requirements:

(1) Slack-Rope Switch.
Hoists having winding-drum machines shall be provided with a slack-rope device equipped with a slack rope of the enclosed manually reset type which shall cause the electric power to be removed from the hoist driving-machine motor and brake if the hoisting ropes become slack.
(2) Motor-Generator Running Switch.
Where generator-field control is used, means shall be provided to prevent the application of power to the hoist driving-machine motor and brake unless the motor-generator-set connections are properly switched for the running condition of the hoist. It is not required that the electrical connections between the hoist driving-machine motor and the generator be opened in order to remove power from the hoist motor.
(3) Motor-Field Excitation Switch.
Where generator-field control is used, a motor-field excitation switch shall be provided which shall cause the electric power to be removed from the hoist driving-machine motor and brake unless current is flowing in the shunt-field circuit of the hoist driving-machine motor.
(4) Emergency Stop Switch.
An emergency stop switch shall be provided in the car and located in, or adjacent to, the car operating pane. When opened, this switch shall cause the electric power to be removed from the hoist driving machine motor and brake. Emergency stop switches shall have the following characteristics:
(A) They shall be of the manually opened and closed type.
(B) They shall have red operating handles or buttons.
(C) They shall be conspicuously and permanently marked "STOP."
(D) They shall be positively opened mechanically and their opening shall not be solely dependent on springs.
(5) Broken-Rope, Tape, or Chain Switches Used in Connection with Machine-Room Normal-Terminal Stopping Switches.

Broken-rope, tape, or chain switches shall be provided in connection with normal-terminal stopping devices located in machine rooms of traction hoists. Such switches shall be opened by a failure of the rope, tape, or chain.
(6) Stop Switch on Top of Car.
A stop switch conforming to the requirements of Section 1604.24 (b)(4) shall be provided on the top of every hoist car.
(7) Car-Safety-Mechanism Switch.
A switch conforming to the requirements of Sections 1604.19(f), 1604.20(d)(1), and 1604.20(d)(3) shall be required where a car safety is provided.
(8) Speed-Governor Overspeed Switch.
A speed-governor overspeed switch shall be provided when required by Section 1604.20(d)(1) and shall conform to the requirements given under Sections 1604.20(d)(2) and 1604.20(d)(3).
(9) Final-Terminal Stopping Devices.

Final-terminal stopping devices conforming to the requirements given under Section 1604.23(c) shall be provided.
(10) Terminal Speed-Limiting Devices.
Where reduced-stroke oil buffers are provided or car rated speed exceeds 300 feet per minute, emergency terminal stopping devices conforming to the requirements given under Section 1604.23(d) shall be provided.
(11) Compensating-Rope-Sheave Switch.
Compensating-rope sheaves, when used, shall be provided with a compensating-rope-sheave switch or switches mechanically opened by the compensating-rope sheave before the sheave reaches its upper or lower limit of travel, to cause the electric power to be removed from the elevator driving-machine motor and brake.
(12) Primary Magnetic Switch.
A primary magnetic contractor shall be provided for main power disconnect, in addition to the normal service disconnect switch as required by Section 1604.24(d). The primary magnetic contractor shall perform its power disconnect function upon any interruption of the final-terminal stopping devices and all other electrical safety devices.
(13) Car Door or Gate Electric Contacts.
Car door or gate electric contacts conforming to the requirements given under Section 1604.18(b) shall be provided for all hoists.
(14) Normal-Terminal Stopping Devices.
Normal-terminal stopping devices conforming to the requirements given under Section 1604.23(b) shall be provided for every hoist.
(15) Motor-Generator Overspeed Protection.
Means shall be provided to cause the electric power to be removed automatically from the hoist driving-machine motor and brake should a motor-generator set, driven by a DC motor, overspeed.
(c) Voltages Permitted in the Hoistway or on the Car.
The maximum system or circuit potential permitted on any equipment in the hoistway or on the car shall not be more than 440 volts (nominal). Where the potential exceeds 120 volts, a grounding conductor shall be incorporated in the traveling cable. The type and size of the grounding conductor and the grounding fastening means shall conform to the requirements of the Electrical Safety Orders.
Exception: Installations provided with an inherent grounding system for the car.
(1) The nominal rated system or circuit potential for all circuits, in locations other than those specified, shall not exceed 600 volts except for driving motors of motor-generator sets.
(d) Supply-Line Disconnecting Means.
A fused-disconnect switch or a circuit breaker shall be installed and connected into the power-supply line to each elevator motor or motors or to the motor of the motor-generator set. Disconnect switches or circuit breakers shall be of the manually closed multi-pole type arranged to be locked in the open position and their location shall conform to the requirements of the Electrical Safety Orders.
Disconnect means for hoists having a DC primary power supply and rheostatic control shall have the disconnect switch arranged so that its opening will directly open the driving-machine brake circuit.
Where circuit breakers are used as a disconnecting means, they shall not be of the instantaneous type and shall not be opened automatically by a fire alarm system.
(e) Phase-Reversal and Failure Protection.
Hoists having polyphase AC power supply shall be provided with means to prevent the starting of the hoist motor if the phase rotation is in the wrong direction, or there is a failure of any phase.
This protection shall be considered provided in the case of generator-field control having AC motor-generator driving motors, provided a reversal of phase will not cause the hoist driving-machine motor to operate in the wrong direction. Controllers whose switches are operated by polyphase torque motors provide inherent protection against phase reversal or failure.
(f) Devices to Make Electrical Protective Devices Inoperative.
The installation of condensers, the operation or failure of which will cause an unsafe operation of the hoist, is prohibited. No permanent device shall be installed, except as provided in this Standard, which will make any required electrical protective device inoperative.
(g) Driving Machine Brakes.
Driving machine brakes shall not be electrically released until power has been applied to the driving machine motor.
All power feed lines to the brake shall be opened, and the brake shall apply automatically when the following conditions prevail:
(1) The operating device of a car switch or continuous pressure operation hoist is in the stop position.

(2) A floor stop device functions.
(3) Any of the electrical protective devices function.
Under conditions (1) and (2) above, the application of the brake may occur on or before the completion of the slowdown and leveling operations.
The brake shall not be permanently connected across the armature or field of a DC hoist driving-machine motor.
(h) Control and Operating Circuit.
In the design and installation of the control and operating circuits, the following requirements shall be met:
(1) Springs shall not be used to actuate switches, contactors, or relays to break the circuit to stop the hoist.
(2) The completion or maintenance of an electric circuit shall not be used to interrupt the power to the hoist driving-machine motor or brake at the terminal landings, nor to stop the car when the emergency stop switch is opened or any of the electrical protective devices operate.
Exception: The requirements of Section 1604.24(h)(2) do not apply to dynamic braking or to speed control switches.
(3) The failure of any single magnetically operated switch, contractor, or relay to release in the intended manner, or the occurrence of a single accidental ground, shall not permit the car to start or run if any hoistway door interlock is unlocked or if any hoistway door or car door or gate contact is not in the closed position.
(4) Where generator-field control is used, means shall be provided to prevent the generator from building up and applying sufficient current to the hoist driving-machine motor to move the car when the hoist motor control switches are in the "off" position. The means used shall not interfere with maintenance of an effective dynamic braking circuit during stopping and standstill conditions.
(i) Absorption of Regenerated Power.
Where a power source is used which, in itself, is incapable of absorbing the energy generated by an overhauling load, means of absorbing sufficient energy shall be provided on the load side of each hoist power supply-line disconnecting means to prevent the hoist from attaining governor-tripping speed or a speed in excess of 125% of rated speed, whichever is less.

s 1604.25. Hoisting and Counterweight Ropes, and Rope Connections.
(a) Suspension Means.
Hoist cars shall be suspended by steel wire ropes attached to the car frame or passing around sheaves attached to the car frame specified in Section 1604.16.
Exception: Exceptions are hoists with rack and pinion machines.
(1) Only steel wire ropes having the commercial classification "elevator wire rope," or specifications recommended by wire rope manufacturers for hoist use, shall be used for the suspension of hoist cars or for the suspension of counterweights.
(b) Wire Rope Data.
(1) Wire Rope Data on Crosshead Data Plate.
The crosshead data plate required by Section 1604.21(b) shall bear the following wire rope data:
(A) The number of ropes.
(B) The diameter, in inches.
(C) The manufacturer's rated breaking strength per rope, in pounds.
(2) Wire Rope Data on Rope Data Tag.
A metal data tag shall be securely attached to one of the wire rope fastenings. This data tag shall bear the following wire rope data:

(A) The diameter, in inches.
(B) The manufacturer's rated breaking strength.
(C) The grade of material used.
(D) The month and year the ropes were installed.
(E) Whether rope is non-preformed or preformed.
(F) Construction classification.
(G) Name of person or firm that installed ropes.
(H) Name of manufacturer of the rope.
A new tag shall be installed at each rope renewal. The material and marking of the rope data tag shall conform to the requirements of Section 1604.21(d), except that the height of the letters and figures shall be not less than 1/16- inch.

(3) Wire Rope Data Log.
A log shall be kept by the employer at the work site office which will indicate the following:
(A) The day, month, and year the ropes were installed, and whether they were new or used when installed.
(B) The day, month, and year the ropes were refastened to permit increase in the height of the hoist.
(C) The name of the person or firm who performed the functions described in 1604.25(b)(3)(A) and (B).
(c) Factor of Safety.
The factors of safety of the suspension wire ropes shall be not less than shown in Table 5. Figure 5 gives the minimum factors of safety for intermediate rope speeds. The factor of safety shall be based on the actual rope speed corresponding to the rated speed of the car. The factor of safety shall be calculated by the following formula:
f = S x N/W
where
S = Manufacturer's rated breaking strength of one rope.
N = Number of runs of rope under load (see Note).
W = Maximum static load imposed on all car ropes, with the car and its rated load at any position in the hoistway.
Note: In the case of multiple roping, the number of runs of rope (N) under the load will be: twice the number of ropes used, for 2:1 roping; three times the number of ropes used, for 3:1 roping, etc.

Table 5
Minimum Factors of Safety for Suspension Wire Ropes
_______________________________________________________
Rope Speed ............... Minimum Factor
(feet per minute) ............. of Safety
_______________________________________________________
50..................................... 7.60
75..................................... 7.75
100.................................... 7.95
125.................................... 8.10
150.................................... 8.25
175.................................... 8.40
200.................................... 8.60
225.................................... 8.75
250.................................... 8.90
300.................................... 9.20
350.................................... 9.50
400.................................... 9.75
450................................... 10.00

500................................... 10.25
550................................... 10.45
600................................... 10.70
_______________________________________________________

(d) Minimum Number and Diameter of Ropes.
The minimum number of hoisting ropes used shall be three for traction hoists and two for drum type hoists.
Where a car counterweight is used, the number of counterweight ropes used shall be not less than two.
The term "diameter," where used in Section 1604.25, shall refer to the nominal diameter as given by the rope manufacturer.
The minimum diameter of hoisting and counterweight ropes shall be 1/2-inch.
(e) Rope Equalizers.
Suspension rope equalizers may be used.
(f) Securing Ropes to Winding Drums.
Car suspension ropes of winding-drum machines shall have the ends of the rope secured to the drum or drum flange by means of clamps or tapered sockets or by other means approved by the enforcing authorities.
(g) Spare Rope Turns on Winding Drums.
Wire suspension ropes of drum type machines shall have not less than three wraps of the rope on the drum when the car is resting on the fully compressed buffers.
(h) Splicing Rope.
Suspension wire ropes shall not be lengthened or repaired by splicing.
(i) Rope Fastenings.
(1) Type of Rope Fastening.

Hoisting and counterweight wire ropes shall be attached to cars and counterweights by means of zinc-coated or galvanized drop forged fist grips or equal and wire rope thimbles, or by approved special fastening devices. When fist grips are used, the minimum number, spacing, and tightening torque shall be in accordance with the instructions of the grip manufacturer. Grips shall be periodically checked and retightened to the recommended torque.
When extra wire rope is carried on top of the frame of the hoisting platform, a drum and clamp tie down or equivalent type anchor device, which will not damage or deform the wire rope, shall be used.
(2) Babbitted Rope Sockets.
Babbitted rope sockets shall be prohibited except on permanent passenger or freight elevators which are temporarily being used as construction personnel hoists.

Fig. 5 Factors of Safety of Suspension Wire Ropes of Personnel Hoists Factors
of Safety 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7 8 9 10 11

(j) Rope Inspection.
(1) A representative of the user of the personnel hoist shall be appointed, and this representative shall keep written records of the rope condition on file at the work site.
(2) Inspection periods shall be established for each hoist installation, with the frequency of inspection determined by the type of installation and operating conditions. Inspection shall be made at least once each 30 days.
(3) If ropes are dirty or over-lubricated, a proper inspection may not be possible unless the dirt or excess lubricant is removed.
(4) Examination of traction machine ropes and counterweight ropes of drum type hoists should preferably start with the car located at the top of the hoistway and should be made from the top of the car, with the ropes examined on the counterweight side.

(5) The hoist ropes of overhead drum type machines must be examined from the overhead machinery space.
(6) Where a traction or drum machine is located below, the portions of the ropes leading from the driving machine drum or sheave and from the counterweight to the overhead sheaves can be examined from the top of the car as it descends, except for a small portion which must be examined from the pit.
(7) The rope should be marked with chalk to indicate location of unexamined sections which must be inspected from other locations such as the pit or overhead machinery space.
(8) Sheaves, guards, guides, drums, flanges, and other surfaces contacted by wire rope during operation should be examined at the time of inspection. Any condition harmful to the rope shall be corrected.
(k) Rope Replacement.
If one wire rope of a set requires replacement, the entire set of ropes shall be replaced. Wire rope shall be removed or replaced immediately if it has one or more of the following defects:
(1) Severe corrosion. (Any development of slight corrosion should be noted and watched closely.)
(2) One or more valley breaks. (A valley break is a wire break occurring in the valley between two adjacent strands.)
(3) Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. (A rope lay is the length along the rope in which one strand makes a complete revolution around the rope.)
(4) Development of broken wires in the vicinity of attachments. If this condition is localized in an operating rope and the section in question can be eliminated by making a new attachment, this may be done rather than replacing the entire rope.
(5) Abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires.
(6) Severe kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure.
(7) Evidence of any heat damage resulting from a torch or any caused by contact with electrical wires.
(8) Reduction from nominal diameter of more than 3/64-inch for diameters up to and including 3/4-inch, 1/16-inch for diameters 7/8 to 1 1/8 inches, and 3/32- inch for diameters 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches. Marked reduction in diameter indicates deterioration of the core.
Governor ropes shall be replaced on the same basis as hoisting ropes. (These ropes are lightly loaded and may show little or no wear. Inspectors should check for fatigued wires in strand valleys by bending over a small radius.)

s 1604.26. Inspection and Tests of Personnel Hoists.
(a) Acceptance Inspections and Tests of New Installations and Alterations. In order to ensure the safe operation of new hoists, such devices shall, on their completion and before being placed in service, be subjected to an acceptance inspection and tests in the field to determine that all parts of the installation conform to the applicable requirements of this Standard and that all safety equipment functions as required. A similar inspection and test shall be made following a major alteration of an existing installation and at any time the hoist is moved to a new location. (A jump of the tower after initial installation shall not be considered a major alter ation.) Records shall be maintained and kept on file at the job site for the duration of the job.
(1) Persons Authorized to Make Acceptance Inspections and Tests. Inspections shall be made by a representative of the Division of Industrial Safety. The following tests shall be performed by the person or firm installing or altering the equipment in the presence of the Division representative.
(A) Acceptance tests for car and counterweight safeties and governors.
(B) Acceptance tests for oil buffers.
(C) Any tests which require rendering of any safety device or equipment inoperative or which require removal or resetting of devices or equipment.
(2) Acceptance Inspection Requirements. All parts of the installation shall be inspected for conformity with the applicable requirements of these Safety Orders.
(3) Acceptance Test for Safeties. Car safeties shall be tested with rated load in the car. Counterweight safeties, where provided, shall be tested with no load in the car.
(4) Acceptance Test for Governors. Governor-tripping speed shall be measured and the operation of the governor overspeed switch and safety mechanism switch inspected.
(5) Acceptance Test for Oil Buffers. Oil buffers under the car shall be tested with a rated load on the car traveling at rated speed. Oil buffers under the counterweight shall be tested with no load on the car and the counterweight traveling at rated speed.
(b) Periodic Inspections and Tests. All existing installations, and all new installations after being placed in service, shall be subjected to periodic inspections and tests at regular intervals of not more than 3 months for construction hoists and not more than one week for bridge construction elevators to determine that the equipment is in safe operating condition and has not been altered. All parts subject to wear shall be inspected and those worn to such an extent as to affect the safe operation of the installation shall be adjusted or replaced. Whenever the hoisting equipment installed on bridges is exposed to winds exceeding 35 miles per hour, it shall be inspected and put into operable condition before use. The employer shall prepare a certification record which includes the date the inspection and test of all functions and safety devices was performed; the signature of the person who performed the inspection and test; and a serial number or other identifier for the hoist that was inspected and tested. The most recent certification record shall be maintained on file at the job site.
(1) Periodic Inspections. Periodic inspections and tests as recommended by the hoist manufacturer shall be performed by a person designated by the employer and qualified to perform such service. Records shall be maintained and kept on file at the job site for the duration of the job.
(c) Operation. Hoists shall be operated only by a competent authorized operator, in the car, or stationed adjacent to the driving machine subject to the following conditions:
(1) A regular attendant is stationed in the car.
(2) A constant-pressure-type switch shall be provided in the car, which must be held manually in the closed position by the attendant in the car in order to permit operation of the driving machine and which shall be opened automatically when released by the operator during normal or emergency stop operations.

(3) A means of closed voice communication shall be provided between the car attendant and the operator stationed adjacent to the driving machine.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1604.27. Maintenance.
(a) Lubrication.
All parts of the machinery and equipment requiring lubrication shall be lubricated at regular intervals as recommended by the manufacturer, and a log maintained.
(b) Making Safety Devices Inoperative.
No person shall at any time make any required safety device or electrical protective device inoperative, except where necessary during tests, inspections, and maintenance. Immediately upon completion of such tests, inspections, and maintenance, such devices shall be restored to their normal operating condition in conformance with the applicable requirements of this Standard.

s 1604.28. Use of Hoists for Carrying Materials.
(a) Personnel hoists may be used for carrying materials provided the hoists are designed and installed for the type of loading to be used.
(b) Only the operator and personnel necessary to load and unload materials being hoisted shall be allowed in the personnel hoist when it is being used primarily to hoist materials.

s 1604.29. Permit to Operate.
(a) After inspection of each new personnel hoist by an authorized representative of the Division, a permit to operate shall be issued before the device is placed in service, except that the hoist may be placed in service while the permit to operate is being processed if, in the opinion of the inspecting representative of the Division, the hoist is safe to operate.
(b) Inspection fees to cover the cost to the Division of making the inspection shall be charged as follows:
New Inspection

4 to 8 landings......... $25.00
9 to 15 landings........ $30.00
16 to 21 landings....... $35.00
over 21 landings........ $40.00

(c) After completion of such requirements as may be necessary in the opinion of the Division to comply with these regulations and upon payment of the inspection fee, a permit to operate will be issued and shall be posted in a conspicuous location in the car.
The permit shall be in effect for one year or for the length of time the personnel hoist is at the same location except that the permit may be revoked if periodic inspections and tests show the hoist to be in an unsafe condition.
No personnel hoist shall be operated without a valid permit except as permitted by Section 1604.29(a).

s 1604.30. Revision of American National Standards Referred to in This Document.
(a) When the following American National Standards referred to in this document are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute, Inc., the revision shall apply:
(1) American National Standard Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, A89.1-1972 (ACI 318-71).

(2) American National Standard Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates of Structural Quality, G24.2-1972 (ASTM A283-70a).
(3) American National Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts or Structural Steel Joints, G24.19-1972 (ASTM A490-71).
(4) American National Standard Specification for Low Carbon Steel Externally and Internally Threaded Standard Fasteners, G28.5-1969 (ASTM A307.68).
(5) American National Standard Specification for High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints, including Suitable Nuts and Plain Hardened Washers, G38.6-1972 (ASTM A325-71a).
(6) American National Standard Specification for Structural Steel, G41.5-1970 (ASTM A325-69).
(7) American National Standard Specification for Steel Structural Rivets, G42.2-1968 (ASTM A502.65).
(8) American National Standard Specification for Mild to Medium Strength Carbon Steel Castings for General Application, G50.1-1972 (ASTM A27-71).

(9) American National Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for General Industrial Use, G55.20-1969 (ASTM A235-67).
(10) American National Standard Methods of Static Tests of Timbers in Structural Sizes, 04.2-1969 (ASTM D198-67).
(11) American National Standard Methods for Establishing Structural Grades for Visually Graded Lumber, 04.3-1969 (ASTM D245-68T).
(12) American National Standard Safety in Welding and Cutting, Z49.1-1973.

s 1605. Construction Material Hoists.
Construction material hoists shall comply with Sections 1605.1 through 1605.21.

s 1605.1. General Requirements.
The employer shall comply with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of all hoists and elevators. Where manufacturer's specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be based on the determinations of a professional engineer competent in the field.

s 1605.2. References to Other Codes.
These Safety Orders are supplemented by the following Subchapters of Title 8 of the California Administrative Code.
(a) Construction Safety Orders, Subchapter 4
(b) General Industry Safety Orders, Subchapter 7
(c) Electrical Safety Orders, Subchapter 5

s 1605.3. Requirements for Hoisting Towers.
(a) Material hoist towers shall be constructed of structural steel, steel pipe, wrought iron, or other equivalent.
(b) All sheaves, guy ties, bolt connections, miscellaneous clamps, braces, and similar parts shall be regularly inspected after the installation is initially placed in operation, and at least once each month thereafter. All broken, defective, and worn parts shall be replaced or repaired.
(c) Hoist-operating rules shall be established and posted in conspicuous locations adjacent of the hoist to the operator's station and the structure it serves. The operating rules shall include the following:
(1) A signal system.
(2) Provision for authorized riding on the hoist platform for the purpose of inspection and servicing only.
(3) Acceptable safe procedures for loading and unloading cages, platforms, and buckets.
(4) Operating procedures including allowable line speed for various loads.
(5) A sign on the car frame reading "No Riders Allowed."
(d) All material hoist towers shall be designed by licensed professional engineers.

s 1605.4. Foundations.
(a) Hoist-tower foundations shall be constructed to safely support the intended tower live and dead loads, and shall not exceed the safe bearing capacity of the ground or floor upon which they rest.

s 1605.5. Erection.
(a) Personnel engaged in the erection, maintenance, and dismantling of a material hoist shall be provided with and required to use such appropriate personal protective devices as set forth in these Orders.
(b) Hoist towers shall be vertically straight.
(c) Hoist towers shall be electrically grounded.
(d) The guide rails of hoists shall be of steel securely fastened, and shall deflect no more than 1/4-inch under normal operation.
(e) Hoist towers may be used with or without an enclosure on all sides. However, whichever alternate is chosen, the following conditions applicable to either, must be met:
(1) When a hoist tower is enclosed it shall be enclosed on all sides for its entire height with a wire-screen enclosure of not less than No. 18 U. S. Standard gage wire or equivalent material, with openings not exceeding 1/2-inch mesh, securely fastened to the tower structure, with openings formed onto each landing.
(2) When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall be totally enclosed (caged) on all sides, including the roof, for the full height between the floor and the cage top. The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 1/2-inch mesh of No. 14 U. S. Standard gage wire or equivalent. The hoist-platform enclosure shall include the required gates for loading and unloading.
(f) All entrances to hoistways shall be protected by substantial gates or bars which shall guard the full width of the landing entrance.

(1) Gates shall be not less than 66 inches in height and located not more than 4 inches from the hoistway line with a maximum under-clearance of 2 inches. Gates of grille or lattice or other open work shall have openings of not more than 2 inches.
(2) Bars shall be not less than 2 by 4-inch wooden bars or the equivalent, located 2 feet from the hoistway line. Bars shall be located not less than 36 inches nor more than 42 inches above the floor.
(3) Gates or bars protecting the entrances to hoistway shall be equipped with a latching device. Material hoists serving structuresover 70 feet in height, or where the hoist landing platforms are not clearly visible to the hoist operator, shall be equipped with a telephone system or an electrical system or both, to assure that all gates or bars are closed before the hoist platform can be moved. (continued)