CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
(c) Fittings, Fixtures, and Switches.
Where the hoistway is exposed to the weather, as in open shafts outside the structure; the electrical wiring, fittings, fixtures, and switches shall be weatherproof.
Slack rope switches, where required, lower normal-terminal and lower final-terminal hoistway limit switches, slowdown switches, and pit stop switches shall be located as far above the bottom of the pit as practicable.

s 1604.9. Protection of, and Access to, Machinery and Control Equipment, and Lighting of Machinery Spaces.
(a) Access shall be provided to the machinery and control spaces to permit proper lubrication and maintenance of the equipment.
(b) Machinery and control equipment shall be protected from the weather and from access by unauthorized persons.
(c) Spaces containing driving machines and control equipment shall be provided with adequate lighting.

s 1604.10. Bottom and Top Clearances and Runbys for Cars and Counterweights.
(a) Bottom Car Clearances.
When the car rests on its fully compressed buffer, there shall be a vertical clearance of not less than 2 feet between the pit area (ground or foundation) and the lowest structural or mechanical part, equipment, or device installed beneath the car platform except guide shoes or rollers, safety-jaw assemblies, and platform aprons, guards, or other equipment located within 12 inches horizontally from the sides of the car platform (See Figure 1).
When the car rests on its fully compressed buffer, no part of the car or any equipment attached thereto shall strike any part of the pit or any part of the equipment located therein.
(1) The bottom clearance should be determined as shown in Figure 1 and should be not less than the following:
(A) Where no equipment under the car platform, except as noted in Figure 1, projects below the bottom of the car frame plank channel, c = 2 ' 0 "

Fig. 1 Bottom Car Clearance

(B) Where any equipment under the car platform, except as noted in Figure 1, projects a distance, d, below the bottom of the car frame plank channel, c = d + 2 ' 0."
(b) Bottom Runby for Counterweighted Hoists.
The bottom runby of cars and counterweights shall be not less than 6 inches.
Exception: Where spring return-type oil buffers are used, the runby may be eliminated so that the buffers are compressed by not more than 25% of their stroke when the car floor is level with the terminal landings.
(1) Where spring buffers are used, a minimum of 6 inches shall be required where generator field control is used; where rheostaticcontrol is used, not less than the following minimum runbys shall apply:

Rated Car Speed ...... Runby
(feet per minute) ... (inches)
51 to 200 .............. 9
201 to 600 ............. 12

(c) Bottom Runby for Uncounterweighted Hoists.
The bottom runby of uncounterweighted elevators shall be not less than 6 inches.
(d) Maximum Bottom Runby for Permanent Elevators Used as Hoists.
(1) Twenty-four inches for cars.
(2) Thirty-six inches for counterweights.
(e) Top Car Clearances for Counterweighted Hoists.
The top car clearance shall be not less than the sum of the following:
(1) The bottom counterweight runby.
(2) The stroke of the counterweight buffer used.
(3) Two feet or the distance which any sheave or any other equipment mounted in or on the car crosshead projects above the top of the car crosshead, whichever is greater.

(4) Where an oil buffer is used for the counterweight and no provision is made to prevent the jump of the car at counterweight buffer engagement, add one-half the gravity stopping distance based on 115% of rated speed, or one-half the counterweight buffer stroke if a reduced stroke buffer conforming to Section 1604.14(c) is used. Where counterweight spring buffers are used, add one-half the gravity stopping distance based on governor-tripping speed.
(f) Top Car Clearance for Uncounterweighted Hoists.
The top car clearance shall be not less than 2 feet 6 inches.
(g) Top Counterweight Clearances.
The top counterweight clearance shall be not less than the sum of the following:
(1) The bottom car runby.
(2) The stroke of the car buffer used.

(3) Six inches.
(4) Where an oil buffer is used for the car and no provision is made to prevent the jump of the counterweight at car buffer engagement, add one-half the gravity stopping distance based on 115% of rated speed, or one-half the car buffer stroke if a reduced stroke buffer conforming to Section 1604.14(c) is used.
Where car spring buffers are used, add one-half the gravity stopping distance based on governor-tripping speed.
(h) Overhead Clearances Where Overhead Beams Are Not Over Car Crosshead.
Where overhead beams or other overhead hoistway construction except sheaves are located vertically over the car, but not over the crosshead, the clearance from the car top to such beams or construction, when the car is level with the top landing, shall be not less than the amount specified in Sections 1604.10(e) and 1604.10(f).
(i) Equipment on Top of Car Striking Overhead Structure.
When the car crosshead, or car top where no crosshead is provided, is at a distance of 2 feet from the nearest obstruction above it, no equipment on top of the car shall strike any part of the overhead structure or the equipment located in the hoistway.
(j) Gravity Stopping Distances.
The following formula gives the value of the stopping distance based on gravity retardation from any initial velocity:
S = (V)2/19,320
where
V = initial velocity, in feet per minute
S = free fall, in inches (gravity stopping distance)
Figure 2 shows the gravity stopping distances from various initial velocities.

Fig. 2 Gravity Stopping Distance

s 1604.11. Horizontal Car and Counterweight Clearances.
(a) Clearance Between Car and Hoistway Enclosures.
The clearance between the car and the hoistway enclosure shall be not less than 3/4-inch except on the sides used for loading and unloading.
(b) Clearance Between Car and Counterweight and Counterweight Screen.
The clearance between the car and counterweight shall be not less than 1 inch. The clearance between counterweight and the counterweight screen, and between the counterweight and the hoistway enclosure, shall be not less than 3/4-inch.
(c) Clearance Between Cars and Landing Sills.
The clearance between the car platform sill and the hoistway edge of any landing sill, or the hoistway side of any vertically sliding counterweighted hoistway door or of any vertically sliding counterweighted hoistway door or of any vertically sliding counterbalanced biparting hoistway door, shall be not less than 1/2-inch where side guides are used and not less then 3/4-inch where corner guides are used. The maximum clearance shall be not more than 1 1/2- inches.
(d) Clearance Between Car Platform Sills and Hoistway Enclosures. The clearance between the edge of the car platform and the hoistway enclosure at each landing for the full width of the clear car gate opening shall be not more than 8 inches.
(e) Measurement of Clearances.
The clearances specified in this Section shall be measured with no load on the car platform.

s 1604.12. Location and Guarding of Counterweights.
(a) Location of Counterweights.
Counterweights shall be located either in or on the hoist structure which they serve.
(b) Counterweight Pit Guards.
(1) Design, Construction, and Location of Guards.

Guards shall extend from a point not more than 12 inches above the pit floor to a point not less than 6 feet or more than 8 feet above such floor, and shall be fastened to a metal frame properly reinforced and braced to be at least equal in strength and stiffness to No. 14 U.S. Gage Sheet Steel.
(c) Enclosure of Counterweight by the Hoisting Enclosure.
(1) Hoists Located Outside of Structure.
For hoists located outside of structures, the enclosures, except those at the lowest landing, may be omitted on the sides where there is no floor or scaffold adjacent to the counterweight way. Enclosures on the building side of the counterweight way shall be full height or a minimum of 8 feet at each floor landing. Other enclosures, where required, shall not be less than 8 feet high.
(2) Hoists Located Inside of Structure.
For hoists located inside of structures, the counterweight way shall be enclosed its full height.
(d) Pit Access. All doors, gates, or other entryways into the counterweight pit area shall be locked so as to prevent access by unauthorized personnel.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1604.13. Car and Counterweight Guide Members, Guide Member Supports, and Fastenings.
(a) Requirement for Guide Members.
Personnel hoists shall be provided with car and counterweight guide members.
(b) Material.
Guide member(s), guide member brackets, rail clips, fishplates, and their fastenings shall be of steel or other metals conforming to the requirements as follows:
(1) Members, Brackets, Fishplates, and Rail Clips.
Members, brackets, fishplates, and rail clips shall be made of open hearth steel, or its equivalent, having a tensile strength of not less than 55,000 lb./in. 2 and having an elongation of not less than 22% in a length of 2 inches.
(2) Bolts.
Bolts shall conform to American National Standard Specification for Low Carbon Steel Externally and Internally Threaded Standard Fasteners, G38.5-1969 (ASTM A307-68), American National Standard Specification for High Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints, Including Suitable Nuts and Plain Hardened Washers, G38.6-1972 (ASTM A325-71a), or American National Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts for Structural Steel Joints, G24.19- 1972 (ASTM A490-71).
(3) Rivets.

Rivets shall conform to American National Standard Specification for Steel Structural Rivets, G42.2-1968 (ASTM A502-65).
(4) Requirements for Metals Other Than Steel.
Metals other than steel may be used provided the factor of safety is not less than, and the deflections not more than, the values specified in Section 1604.13(b), and provided that cast iron is not used.
(c) Stresses and Deflections.
(1) Guide Members.
The stresses in a guide member, or in the member and its reinforcement, due to the horizontal forces imposed on the member during loading, unloading, or running, calculated without impact, shall not exceed 15,000 lb./in. 2 based upon the class of loading, and the deflection shall not exceed 1/4-inch.
Exception: Where steels of greater strength than those specified under Section 1604.13(b) are used, the stresses specified may be increased proportionately based on the ratio of the ultimate strengths.
(2) Fastenings and Supports.
The guide member fastenings and supports shall be capable of resisting the horizontal forces imposed by the loading with a total deflection at the point of support not in excess of 1/8-inch.
(d) Overall Length of Guide Members.
The top and bottom ends of each run of guide member shall be so located in relation to the extreme positions of travel of the car and counterweight that the car and counterweight guide shoes or rollers cannot travel beyond the ends of the guide members.
(e) Guide Member Fastenings and Supports.
(1) Design and Strength of Fastenings and Supports.
The supports of the guide members, and the guide member fastenings, shall be of such design as to safely withstand the application of the car or counterweight safety when stopping the car and its rated load or the counterweight, and withstand the forces specified in Section 1604.13(c) within the deflection limits specified.
(2) Fastenings.
Guide member fastenings, when used, shall be secured to their supporting structure by means of structural bolts, clips, rivets, or by welding. Fastening bolts and bolt holes in fastenings and their supporting beams shall conform to the requirements of Section 1604.13(f). Welding shall conform to the requirements of American Welding Society Code D1.1.
(f) Type of Fastenings.
Guide members shall be secured by clips, rivets, bolts, or welds.
Bolts used for fastening shall be of such strength as to withstand the forces specified under Section 1604.13(c).
Welding, where used, shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard Z49.1-1973.

s 1604.14. Car and Counterweight Buffers.
(a) Type and Location.
(1) Spring or Oil Buffers.
Buffers of the spring or oil type shall be installed under the cars and counterweights of personnel hoists.
Note: Section 1604.5(b)(1) requires buffers under all cars and counterweights in hoistways which are above accessible spaces.
Spring buffers or their equivalent may be used where the rated speed is not in excess of 300 feet per minute.
Exception: For rated speeds of 301 to 600 feet per minute, spring buffers having a stroke of not less than 12 inches may be used provided a terminal speed limiting device conforming to the requirements given under Section 1604.23(d) is provided.
(2) Location.
Buffers shall be located symmetrically with reference to the vertical center line of the car frame or the counterweight frame within a tolerance of 2 inches.
(b) Construction and Requirements for Spring Buffers.
(1) Buffer Stroke.
The stroke of the buffer spring, as marked on its marking plate, shall be equal to, or greater than, the following:

Rated Car Speed ...... Stroke
(feet per minute) ... (inches)
100 or less .......... 1 1/2
101 to 150 ........... 2 1/2
151 to 200 ............. 4
201 to 250 ............. 6
251 to 300 ............. 9

(2) Buffers for Cars and Counterweights.
Buffers for cars and counterweights shall be of the following:
(A) Capable of supporting, without being compressed solid, a static load having a minimum of twice the total weight of the car and its rated load for car buffers, and the counterweight for counterweight buffers.
(B) Compressed solid with a static load of three times the weight of the car and its rated load for car buffers, and the counterweight for counterweight buffers.
Exception: When the requirements of Section 1604.5(b)(2) necessitate a greater load rating.
(3) Marking Plate.
Each spring buffer shall have permanently attached to it a metal plate marked in a legible and permanent manner to show its stroke and load rating.
(c) Construction and Requirements for Oil Buffers.
(1) When oil buffers are used they shall comply with Section 3031 of the Elevator Safety Orders.
(2) When oil buffers are used and the air temperature is below 0 degrees F, means to maintain the temperature of the oil above 0 degrees F or above the pour point of the oil, whichever is lower, shall be provided.
(3) Terminal speed limiting devices installed in connection with reduced stroke oil buffers shall conform to the requirements of Section 1604.23.

s 1604.15. Counterweights.
(a) General Requirements.
(1) Sectional Counterweights.
Sectional counterweights and frames shall be so designed as to retain the weights securely in place.
(2) Horizontal Clearances Between Car and Counterweight and Counterweight Screen.
The clearance between the car and the counterweight shall be not less than 1 inch. The clearance between counterweight and the counterweight screen and between counterweight and the hoistway enclosure shall be not less than 3/4 inch.
(b) Design Requirements for Counterweights.
The weight of the counterweight shall be not more than the total weight of the car plus 50% of the rated load.
(c) Cars Counterbalancing One Another.
A hoist car shall not be used to counterbalance another hoist car.
(d) Compensating Chain or Rope Fastenings.
Compensating chains or ropes, when used, shall be fastened to the counterweight or to the counterweight frame and shall not be fastened to tie rods.

s 1604.16. Car Frames and Platforms.
(a) Requirement for Car Frames.
Every hoist car shall have a frame. The car frame and platform may be an integral part of the car construction.
(b) Guide Members.
Car frames shall be guided on each guide member by upper and lower guide shoes or rollers attached to the frame.
(c) Design of Car Frames and Guide Shoes or Rollers.
The frame and its guide shoes or rollers shall be designed to withstand the forces resulting under the loading conditions for which the hoist is designed.
(d) Underslung or Subpost Car Frames.
The vertical distance between the top and bottom guide shoes of a hoist car having a subpost car frame, or having an underslung car frame located entirely below the car platform, shall be not less than 40% of the distance between guide rails.
(e) Car Platforms.
Every car shall have a platform consisting of a nonperforated floor attached to a platform frame supported by the car frame and extending over the entire area within the car enclosure. The platform frame members and the floor shall be designed to withstand the forces developed under the loading conditions for which the hoist is designed and installed.
(f) Materials for Car Frames and Platform Frames.
(1) Car frames and outside members of platform frames shall be made of steel or other metals.
(2) Cast iron shall not be used for any part subject to tension, tosion, or bending.
Exception: Exceptions are guide rollers, guide shoes and compensating rope anchorages.
(3) Steel, where used in the construction of car frames and platforms, shall conform to the requirements given in Sections 1604.16(f)(3)(A) and 1604.16(f)(3)(B).
Exception: Steels of greater strength than those specified may be used provided they have an elongation of not less than 22% in a length of 2 inches and provided that the stresses and deflections conform to the requirements of Sections 1604.16(h) and 1604.16(i), respectively.

(A) Car Frame and Platform Frame Members.
Steel shall be rolled, forged, or cast, conforming to the requirements of the following American National Standards:
1. Rolled and Formed Steel: American National Standard Specification for Structural Steel, G41.5-1970 (ASTM A36-69) or American National Standard Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates of Structural Quality, G24.2-1972 (ASTM A283-70a), Grade D.
2. Forged Steel: American National Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for General Industrial Use, G55.20-1969 (ASTM A235-67), Class C.
3. Cast Steel: American National Standard Specifications for Mild to Medium strength Carbon Steel Castings for General Application, G50.1-1972 (ASTM A27- 71), Grade 60/30.
(B) Rivets, Bolts, and Rods.
Steel used for rivets, bolts, and rods shall conform to the following American National Standards:

1. Rivets: American National Standard Specification for Steel Structural Rivets, G42.2-1968 (ASTM A502-65).
2. Bolts and Rods: American National Standard Specification for Low Carbon Steel Externally and Internally Threaded Standard Fasteners, G38.5-1969 (ASTM A307-68).
(4) Metals other than steel may be used in the construction of car frames and platforms provided the metal used has the essential properties to meet all the requirements for the purpose in accordance with good engineering practice, and provided the stresses and deflections conform to the requirements of Sections 1604.16(h) and 1604.16(i), respectively.
(g) Car Frame and Platform Connections.
Connections between members of car frames and platforms shall be riveted, bolted, or welded, and shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Bolts. Bolts, where used through sloping flanges of structural members, shall have bolt heads of the tipped head type or shall be fitted with beveled washer.
(2) Nuts.
Nuts, used on sloping flanges of structural members, shall seat on beveled washers.
(3) Welding.
Welding of parts upon which safe operation depends shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of the American Welding Society D1.1. At the option of the manufacturer, the welders may be qualified by one of the following:
(A) The manufacturer.
(B) A professional consulting engineer.
(C) A recognized testing laboratory.
Exception: Tack welds not later incorporated into finished welds carrying calculated loads are an exception.
Table 1

Maximum allowable Stresses [FNa1] in Car-Frame and Platform Members and
Connections, for Steels Specified in Sections 1604.16(f) (3) (A) and 1604.16
(f) (3) (B)

_______________________________________________________________________________
Member ............. Typeof ...... Maximum ............ Area Basis
Stress ...... Stress
(psi)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Car crosshead.................... Bending ..... 12,500 .......... Gross section
Car-frame plank, normal
loading........................ Bending ..... 12,500 ......... Gross section
Car-frame plank, buffer
reaction....................... Bending ..... 25,000 ......... Gross section
Car-frame uprights (stiles)...... Bending plus 15,000 ......... Gross section
tension ..... 18,000 ............ Net section

Hoisting-rope hitch.............. Bending plus
shapes or plates................ tension ..... 8,000 ............. Net section
Platform framing................. Bending ..... 12,500 .......... Gross section
Platform stringer................ Bending ..... 15,000 .......... Gross section
Threaded brace rods and other
tension members
except bolts.................... Tension ..... 8,000 ............. Net section
Bolts............................ Tension ..... 7,000 ............. Net section
Bolts in clearance holes......... Shear ....... 7,000 ............ Actual area
in shear plane
Bolts in clearance holes......... Bearing ..... 16,000 .......... Gross section
Rivets or tight body fit
bolts.......................... Shear ....... 10,000 ........ Actual area in
shear plane
Rivets or tight body-fit
bolts.......................... Bearing ..... 18,000 ......... Gross section
Any framing member,
normal loading.................. Compression . 14,000
59L/R ........ Gross section
_______________________________________________________________________________
[FNa1] Stresses shall be determined on the basis of a uniformly distributed

load over the entire area of the car platform or a single concentrated load
placed at the center of the car platform.

(h) Maximum Allowable Stresses in Car Frame and Platform Members and Connections.
The stresses in car frame and platform members and their connections, based on the static load imposed upon them, shall be as follows:
(1) Stresses in steel shall not exceed the stresses listed in Table 1. For steels of greater strength, as permitted by the Exception to Section 1604.16(f)(3), the stresses listed in Table 1 may be increased proportionately based on the ratio of the ultimate strengths.
(2) For metals other than steel, the factor of safety shall be not less than is required for steel as given in Table 1.
(i) Maximum Allowable Deflections of Car Frame and Platform Members.
The deflections of car frame and platform members based on the static load imposed upon them, shall be not more than the following:
(1) For crosshead, 1/960 of the span
(2) For plank, 1/960 of the span
(3) For platform frame members, 1/960 of the span. For uprights (stiles), the moment of inertia shall be not less than determined by the following formula:
I = KL 3/18 EH
where
I = moment of inertia of member, gross section, in 4
K = turning moment, in inch-pounds

L = free length of uprights, in inches
E = modules of elasticity
H = vertical center distance between upper and lower guide shoes
(j) Car Frames With Crosshead Sheaves.
Where a hoisting rope sheave is mounted on the car frame, the construction shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Where multiple sheaves mounted on separate sheave shafts are used, provision shall be made to take the compressive forces, developed by tension in the hoist ropes between the sheaves, on a strut or struts between the sheave shaft supports, or by providing additional compressive strength in the car frame or car frame members supporting the sheave shafts.
(2) Where the sheave shaft extends through the web of a car frame member, the reduction in area of the member shall not reduce the strength of the member below that required. Where necessary, reinforcing plates shall be welded or riveted to the member to provide the required strength. The bearing pressure shall in no case be more than that permitted in Table 1 for bolts in clearance holes.
(3) Where the sheave is attached to the car crosshead by means of a single threaded rod or specially designed member or members in tension, the following requirements shall be met:
(A) The single rod, member, or members in tension shall have a factor of safety 50% higher than the factor of safety required for the suspension wire ropes, but in no case less than fifteen.
(B) The means for fastening the single threaded rod, member, or members in tension to the car frame shall conform to the requirements of Section 1604.16(k).
(k) Hoisting Rope Hitch Plates or Shapes.
Where cars are suspended by hoisting ropes attached to the car frame by means of rope shackles, the shackles shall be attached to steel hitch plates or to structural or formed steel shapes. Such plates or shapes shall be secured to the underside or to the webs of the car frame member with bolts, rivets or welds so located that the tensions in the hoisting ropes will not develop direct tension in the bolts or rivets. The stresses shall not exceed those permitted in Section 1604.7(a)(3)(C).
(l) Platform Side Braces.
Where side bracing and similar members are attached to car frame uprights, the reduction in area of the upright shall not reduce the strength of the upright below that required by Section 1604.16.

s 1604.17. Car Enclosures.
(a) Material for Enclosures.
Materials for car enclosures and car enclosure linings shall be metal or wood.
(b) Extent of Enclosures.
Personnel hoist cars shall be permanently enclosed on the top and on all sides except the entrance and exit.
(c) Securing of Enclosures.
The enclosure shall be securely fastened to the car platform and so supported that it cannot loosen or become displaced in ordinary service, on the application of the car safety, or on buffer engagement.
(d) Deflection of Walls.
The enclosure walls shall be of such strength and so designed and supported that, when subjected to a pressure of 100 pounds applied horizontally on any 4 square-inch area of the walls of the enclosure, the deflection will not reduce the running clearance below 3/4 inch.
(e) Number of Compartments.
Cars shall have not more than one compartment.
(f) Top Emergency Exits.
An emergency exit with a cover shall be provided in the top of all cars and shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) The exit opening shall have an area of not less than 400 square inches and shall measure not less than 16 inches on any one side.
(2) The exit shall be so located as to provide a clear passageway unobstructed by fixed hoist equipment located in, or on top of, the car.
(3) The exit cover shall open outward.
(g) Car Enclosure Tops.
Tops of car enclosures shall be so designed and installed as to be capable of sustaining a load of 300 pounds on any square area 2 feet on a side and 100 pounds applied at any point. Simultaneous application of these loads is not required.
(h) Equipment on Top of Cars.
A working platform or equipment which is not required for the operation of the hoist or its appliances, except where specifically provided in this Standard, shall not be located on the top of a hoist car.
(i) Use of Glass in Cars.
Wire glass or the equivalent shall be used for vision panels. Plain glass may be used only for car operating appliances.

s 1604.18. Car Doors, Gates, and Electrical Contacts.
(a) Car Doors and Gates.
(1) Requirement for Door or Gates.
A door or gate shall be provided at each entrance to the car.
(2) Type of Doors.

Doors shall be of the horizontally or vertically sliding type.
(3) Type of Gates.
Gates shall be either of the horizontally or vertically sliding type, subject to the requirements given under Sections 1604.18(a)(5) and 1604.18(a)(9). Scissor type gates shall be prohibited.
(4) Strength of Doors, Gates, and Their Guides, Guide Shoes, Tracks, and Hangers.
Doors and gates and their guides, guide shoes, tracks, and hangers shall be so designed, constructed, and installed that when the fully closed door or gate is subjected to a force of 75 pounds, applied on an area of 1-foot square at right angles to, and approximately at the center of, the door or gate, it will not deflect beyond the line of the car sill. When subjected to a force of 250 pounds similarly applied, doors and vertically sliding gates shall not break or be permanently deformed and shall not be displaced from their guides or tracks. Where multisection doors or gates are used, each panel shall withstand the forces specified.

(5) Sliding Doors and Gates.
Sliding doors or gates shall conform to the following requirements:
(A) Vertically sliding gates shall be of the balanced counterweighted type or the biparting counterbalanced type.
(B) Gates or doors shall be of a design which will reject a ball 1 1/2 inches in diameter.
(C) Doors or gates shall guard the full width and height of the car entrance opening.
(D) Balanced counterweighted doors or gates may be either single or multiple section, and may slide either up or down to open.
(6) Weights for Closing or Balancing Doors or Gates.
Weights used to close or balance doors or gates shall be located outside the car enclosure and shall run in guides or be boxed in. Guides shall be of metal, and the bottom of the guides or boxes shall be so constructed as to retain the weight if the suspension member fails.
(7) Suspension Members.
Suspension members of vertically sliding car doors or gates, and of weights used with car doors or gates, shall have a factor of safety of not less than five.
(8) Manual Opening of Car Doors or Gates.
Car doors or gates shall be arranged so that when the car is stopped they may be opened by hand from inside the car, subject to the requirements of Section 1604.18(b)(3).
(9) Number of Entrances Permitted.
There shall be not more than two entrances to the car.
Exception: Special building arrangements requiring more than two entrances and accepted by the division before construction is begun.
(b) Car Door Gate Electric Contacts.
Car doors or gates shall be provided with car door or gate electric contacts.
(1) Location of Car Door or Gate Electric Contacts.
Car door or gate electric contacts shall be so located that they are not readily accessible from the inside of the car.
(2) General Design Requirements.
Car door or gate electric contacts shall conform to the following requirements:
(A) Car door or gate electric contacts shall be positively opened by a lever or other device attached to, and operated by, the door or gate.
(B) Car door or gate electric contacts shall be maintained in the open position by the action of gravity or by a restrained compression spring, or both, or by positive mechanical means.
(3) Mechanical Lock of Car Door on Side Opposite Building or Other Structure.

A mechanical lock shall be provided to prevent opening of the car gate on the side opposite the building or structure, unless the car is at the ground level landing or equivalent.
(4) Closed Position of Car Doors or Gates.
Car doors or gates shall be considered to be in the closed position under the conditions as follows:
(A) Horizontally sliding doors or gates shall be considered to be in the closed position when the clear open space between the leading edge of the door or gate and the nearest face of the jamb does not exceed 2 inches.
(B) Vertically sliding counterweighted doors or gates shall be considered to be in the closed position when the clear open space between the leading edge of the door or gate and the car platform sill does not exceed 2 inches.
(C) Horizontally sliding biparting doors, or vertically sliding biparting counterbalanced doors, shall be considered to be in the closed position when the door panels are within 2 inches of contact with each other.

s 1604.19. Car and Counterweight Safeties.
(a) Where Safeties are Required.
The car of every personnel hoist shall be provided with one or more car safety devices of one of the types identified under Section 1604.19(d). The safeties shall be attached to the car frame or supporting structure.
All car safeties shall be mounted on a single car frame and shall operate either on one pair of guide members, on tension members conforming to Section 1604.19(p), or on one vertical rack.
(b) Function and Stopping Distance.
The safety device, or the combined safety devices, where furnished, shall be capable of stopping and sustaining the entire car with its rated load from governor-tripping speed.
Type B safeties shall stop the car with its rated load from governor-tripping speed within the range of the maximum and minimum stopping distances as determined in the following formulas:
S = (V) 2/81,144 = 0.84
S ' = (V) 2/231,840
where
S = maximum stopping distance, in feet
S ' = minimum stopping distance, in feet
V = governor-tripping speed, in feet per minute
Table 2 shows the maximum and minimum stopping distances for various governor-tripping speeds.
(c) Counterweight Safeties.
Counterweight safeties, where furnished shall conform to the requirements for car safeties.
Exceptions: 1. Where otherwise specified in Section 1604.19. 2. For rated speeds of not over 150 feet per minute, counterweight safeties may be operated as a result of the breaking or slackening of the hoisting ropes and may be of the inertia or other approved type without governors.
(d) Types of Safeties.
Car safety devices (safeties) are identified and classified on the basis of performance characteristics. In general, there are three types of safeties that operate to apply pressure on the guide rails or tension members and one type that uses a separately mounted rack and accompanying pinion gear. The former are classified A, B, and C based upon how the safety begins to apply pressure.
(1) Type A Safeties.
These are safeties which develop a rapidly increasing pressure on the guide members during the stopping interval, the stopping distance being very short due to the inherent design of the safety. The operating force is derived entirely from the mass and the motion of the car or the counterweight being stopped. These safeties apply pressure on the guide or tension members through eccentrics, rollers, or similar devices without any flexible medium purposely introduced to limit the retarding force and increase the stopping distance.
(2) Type B Safeties.
These are safeties which apply limited pressure on the guide or tension members during the stopping interval and which provide stopping distances that are related to the mass being stopped and the speed at which application of the safety is initiated. Retarding forces are reasonably uniform after the safety is fully applied. Continuous tension in the governor rope may or may not be required to operate the safety during the entire stopping interval. Minimum and maximum distances are specified on the basis of governor-tripping speed.
(3) Type C Safeties (Type A With Oil Buffers).
These are safeties which develop retarding forces during the compression stroke of one or more oil buffers interposed between the lower members of the car frame and a governor operated Type A auxiliary safety plank applied on the guide or tension members. The stopping distance is equal to the effective stroke of the buffers.

(4) Rack and Pinion Safeties.
These are safeties in which a freely rotating safety pinion, a governor, and a safety device may form an integral unit mounted on the car. The freely rotating pinion travels on a stationary rack mounted vertically on the hoist structure. The rotating pinion drives the governor. When the downward speed of the car reaches the tripping value, the rotating governor actuates the safety device, which, in turn, brings the car to a gradual stop.

Table 2
Maximum and Minimum Stopping Distances
For Other Than Instantaneous
________________________________________________________________
Maximum
Stopping Distances
(feet-inches)
Governor-Trip ...... ______________________
Rated Speed ........ Speed
(feet per minute) .. (feet per minute) .. Minimum ... Maximum

________________________________________________________________
0 to 125 .............. 175 ........... 0-1 ....... 1-3
150 ................ 210 ........... 0-2 ....... 1-4
175 ................ 250 ........... 0-3 ....... 1-7
200 ................ 280 ........... 0-4 ....... 1-10
225 ................ 308 ........... 0-5 ....... 2-0
250 ................ 337 ........... 0-6 ....... 2-3
300 ................ 395 ........... 0-8 ....... 2-9
350 ................ 452 ........... 0-1 ....... 03-4
400 ................ 510 ........... 1-1 ....... 4-10
450 ................ 568 ........... 1-5 ....... 4-10
500 ................ 625 ........... 1-8 ....... 5-8
600 ................ 740 ........... 2-4 ....... 7-7
________________________________________________________________

(e) Safeties to Stop Ascending Cars or Counterweights.
Safeties shall not stop ascending car or counterweight.
Exception: Safeties of the rack and pinion type.
(f) Governor Actuated Safeties and Safety Switches.
(1) Car safeties and counterweight safeties, where provided, shall be actuated by separate speed governors.
Exception: Speed governors are not required for the operation of counterweight safeties of hoists having a rated speed of not more than 150 feet per minute.
(2) Every car safety shall be provided with a switch operated by the car safety mechanism. This switch shall conform to the requirements given under Section 1604.20(d).
(g) Limits of Use of Various Types of Safeties.
(1) Type A (Instantaneous) Safeties.
Type A safeties may be used on hoists having a rated speed of not more than 200 feet per minute.

(2) Type C Safeties.
Spring buffers may be substituted for oil buffers on Type C car safeties for rated speeds up to and including 300 feet per minute provided that the springs do not fully compress during the operation of the car safety with rated load in the car, and the rate of retardation conforms to the requirements of Section 1604.14(c)(1).
(h) Application and Release of Safeties.
(1) Means of Application.
Safeties shall be applied mechanically. Electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices shall not be used to apply the safeties required by Section 1604.19 nor to hold such safeties in the retracted position.
(2) Level of Car on Safety Application.
The application of the safety to stop the car, with one-fourth of its rated load distributed on each quarter of the platform symmetrically with relation to the center lines of the platform, shall not cause the platform to be out of level more than 3/8-inch per foot in any direction.
(3) Release.
When car safeties are applied, no decrease in tension in the governor rope or motion of the car in the down direction shall release the safeties, but such safeties may be released by the motion of the car in the up direction.
(4) Force Providing Stopping Action.
Safeties shall be so designed that on their application the forces which provide the stopping action shall be compressive forces on either side of the guide or tension member section.
Exception: For rack and pinion safeties, the stopping action may be obtained by the engagement of the teeth of the safety pinion on the car and the stationary vertical rack.
(i) Minimum Clearance on Guide Members.
In the normally retracted position of the safety, the distance between the member gripping faces of the safety parts shall not be less than the thickness of the guide member plus 0.14 (9/64) inch, and the clearance on any side between the gripping face and the guide member shall be not less than 0.0625 (1/16) inch as measured on the side of the rail toward which the car frame is pressed with sufficient force to take up all clearances in the guide shoe assembly. Safety jaws, which in the retracted position, shall be so restrained as to prevent a reduction of this minimum clearance.
(j) Maximum Permissible Movement of Governor Rope or Car.
(1) Type B and C Safeties.
For all Type B and C safeties, the movement of the governor rope relative to the car or the counterweights, respectively, required to operate the safety mechanism from its fully retracted position to a position where the safety jaws begin to exert pressure against the guide members shall not exceed the following values based on rated speed:
(A) For car safeties: 200 feet per minute or less, 42 inches; 201 to 375 feet per minute, 36 inches; over 375 feet per minute, 30 inches.

(B) For counterweight safeties: all speeds, 42 inches.
Drum operated car and counterweight safeties, requiring continual unwinding of the safety drum rope to fully apply the safety, shall be so designed that not less than three turns of the safety rope will remain on the drum after the overspeed test of the safety has been made with rated load in the car.
(2) Rack and Pinion Safeties.
For rack and pinion safeties, the travel of the car measured from the governor-tripping time to the full-stop time shall not exceed the following values based on rated speed:
(A) For car safeties: 200 feet per minute or less, 64 inches; 201 to 375 feet per minute, 76 inches; over 375 feet per minute, 78 inches.
(B) For counterweight safeties: all speeds, 78 inches.
(k) Factors of Safety of Safety Parts.
Parts of safeties, except springs, shall have a factor of safety of not less than 3.5, and the materials used shall have an elongation of not less than 15% in a length of 2 inches. Forged, cast, or welded parts shall be stress relieved.
Exception: Safety rope drums, leading sheaves, and their supporting brackets and safety jaw gibs shall be made of metal and shall have a factor of safety of not less than ten.
Rope used as a connection from the safety to the governor rope, including rope wound on the safety rope drum, shall be not less than 3/8-inch in diameter and shall be made of a corrosion resistant metal. Tiller rope construction shall not be used. The factor of safety of the rope shall be not less than five.
All gears shall meet the following standards of the American Gear Manufacturers Association: AGMA 210.02, AGMA 220.02 and AGMA 240.01.
The factors of safety shall be based upon the maximum stresses developed in the parts during the operation of the safety when stopping rated load from governor-tripping speed.
Springs may be used in the operation of car or counterweight safeties. Where used, and where partially loaded prior to safety operation, the loading on the spring shall not produce a fiber stress exceeding one-half the elastic limit of the material. During operation of the safety, the fiber stress shall not exceed 85% of the elastic limit of the material. Helical springs, where used, shall be in compression.
Safety rope loading sheave brackets and other safety operating parts shall not be attached to, or supported by, wood platform members.
( l) Corrosion Resistant Bearings.
Bearings in safeties and of the safety operating mechanism shall be of corrosion resistant construction with one or both members of a bearing made of, or electroplated with, a corrosion resistant material.
(m) Marking Plates.
A metal plate shall be securely attached to each safety so as to be readily visible and shall be marked in a legible and permanent manner with letters and figures not less than 1/4-inch in height, indicating the following:

(1) The maximum tripping speed, in feet per minute, for which the safety may be used.
(2) The maximum weight, in pounds, which the safety as installed is designed to stop and sustain.
(n) Releasing Carriers.
The governor rope releasing carrier on the car or on the counterweight shall be set to require a tension in the governor rope, to pull the rope from the carrier, of not more than 60% of the pull through tension developed by the governor, and the carrier shall be designed so that the pullout tension cannot be adjusted in a normal manner to exceed the amount specified.
(o) Rail Lubricants.
Rail lubricants or coatings which will reduce the holding power of the safety or prevent its functioning as required in 1604.19(b) shall not be used. The use of graphite for lubricants shall be prohibited.
(p) Application of Safeties Upon Suspended Tension Members.

Safeties that apply on tension members suspended from the top of the hoistway and anchored in the pit in lieu of guide members shall be in conformity with the following requirements.
(1) The tension members shall have a minimum factor of safety of ten when the car and its rated load is stopped, with an average retardation of 32 feet per second per second.
(2) Steel wire rope tension members shall be inspected by the procedure set forth under Sections 1604.25(j) and 1604.25(k).
Table 3 Maximum Speeds, in Feet Per Minute, at Which Speed Governor Trips and
Governor Overspeed Switch Operates

___________________________________________________________________________
Maximum
Maximum ............. Speed at Which
Governor-Trip ........ Governor Overspeed
Rated Speed ................ Speed ........... Switch Operates, Down

___________________________________________________________________________
0-125 .................... 175 ................. 175 [FNa1]
150 ..................... 210 ................. 210 [FNa1]
175 ..................... 250 ..................... 225
200 ..................... 280 ..................... 252
225 ..................... 308 ..................... 277
250 ..................... 337 ..................... 303
300 ..................... 395 ..................... 355
350 ..................... 452 ..................... 407
400 ..................... 510 ..................... 459
450 ..................... 568 ..................... 512
500 ..................... 625 ..................... 563
600 ..................... 740 ..................... 703
___________________________________________________________________________
[FNa1] Governor overspeed switch not required on car speed governors.

Fig. 3 Maximum Governor-Tripping Speeds

s 1604.20. Governors.
(a) Requirement for Governors and Location.
Car safeties, and counterweight safeties, where furnished, shall be actuated by a speed governor.
The governor shall be located where it cannot be struck by the car or the counterweight in case of over-travel and where there is adequate space for full movement of governor parts.
(b) Tripping Speeds.
(1) Car Governors.
Governors for car safeties shall be set to trip at overspeeds as follows:
(A) At not less than 115% of rated speed.
(B) At not more than the tripping speed listed opposite the applicable rated speed in Table 3. Maximum tripping speeds for intermediate rated speeds shall be determined from Figure 3.
(2) Counterweight Governors.
Governors for counterweight safeties, where provided, shall be set to trip at an overspeed greater than, but not more than 10% above, that at which the car speed governor is set to trip.
(c) Sealing and Painting.
Governors shall have their means of speed adjustment sealed after test. If speed governors are painted after sealing, all bearing and rubbing surfaces shall be freed of, or kept free from, paint and a hand test made to determine that all parts operate freely as intended. Seals shall be of a type which will prevent readjustment of the governor-tripping speed without breaking the seal.
(d) Governor Overspeed and Safety Switches.
(1) A switch shall be provided on the governor and operated by the overspeed action of the governor. A switch shall be provided on the gov ernor when used with a counterweight safety. Every car safety shall be provided with a switch operated by the car safety mechanism when the safety is applied. These switches shall, when operated, remove power from the driving-machine motor and brake before, or at the time of, application of the safety. The governor overspeed switch and the safety switch may be the same switch on rack and pinion safeties.
Exception: A period of five years from the effective date of these orders will be allowed during which the overspeed switch on existing governors may be omitted where the governor is of a type not designed to operate a switch.

(2) The setting of the car governor overspeed switch shall conform to the following requirements:
(A) The car governor overspeed switch shall open in the down direction of the hoist at not more than 100% of the speed at which the governor is set to trip in the down direction.
(B) The switch, when set as specified in Section 1604.20(d)(2)(A), shall open in the up direction at not more than 100% of the speed at which the governor is set to trip in the down direction.
Exception: Rack and pinion safeties.
(3) Switches used to perform the functions specified shall be positively opened and shall remain in the open position until manually reset. Switches operated by the car safety mechanism shall be of a type which will not reset unless the car safety mechanism has been returned to the "off" position. (continued)