CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
(h) Parking Brakes. Whenever the equipment is parked, the parking brake shall be set. Equipment parked on inclines shall have the wheels chocked and the parking brake set or be otherwise prevented from moving by effective mechanical means.
(i) Scissor points on all front-end loaders which constitute a hazard to the operator shall be adequately guarded.
(j) A loader shall not travel without adequate visibility for the driver and stability of the equipment.
(k) No loading device shall be left unattended until the load or bucket is lowered to the ground, unless proper precautions such as blocking are taken to prevent accidental lowering.
(l) All high lift trucks (e.g., fork lifts), industrial trucks, and rider trucks used on a construction site shall conform with the applicable orders in Article 25 of the General Industry Safety Orders and:
(1) If a load is lifted by two or more trucks working in unison, the proportion of the total load carried by any one truck shall not exceed its capacity.
(2) Steering or spinner knobs shall not be attached to the steering wheel unless the steering mechanism is of a type that prevents road reactions from causing the steering handwheel to spin. The steering knob shall be mounted within the periphery of the wheel.
(m) Loading buckets, scoops, blades or similar attachments on haulage vehicles which do not provide fall protection equivalent to that required by Section 3210 of the General Industry Safety Orders or Article 24 of the Construction Safety Orders (starting with Section 1669) shall not be used as work platforms or to elevate or transport employees except as provided by Section 1597 of these Orders.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1594. Fueling.
(a) No internal combustion engine fuel tank shall be refilled with a flammable liquid while the engine is running. Fueling shall be done in such a manner that the likelihood of spillage is minimal. If a spill occurs it shall be washed away completely, evaporated, or equivalent action taken to control vapors before restarting the engine. Fuel tank caps shall be replaced before starting the engine.
(b) A good metal-to-metal contact shall be kept between fuel supply tank or nozzle of supply hose and the fuel tank.
(c) No open lights, welding, or sparking equipment shall be used near internal combustion equipment being fueled or near storage tanks.
(d) No smoking shall be permitted at or near the gasoline storage area or on equipment being fueled. Post a conspicuous sign in each fuel storage and fueling area stating: " NO SMOKING WITHIN 25 FEET."
(e) Class I liquids shall not be dispensed by pressure from drums, barrels, and similar containers. Approved pumps taking suction through the top of the container or approved self-closing faucets shall be used.
(f) No repairs shall be made to equipment while it is being fueled.
(g) Each fuel storage tank or drum shall have the word "Flammable" conspicuously marked thereon and should also have a similarly sized word indicating the contents of the container.
(h) A dry chemical or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher rated 6:BC or larger shall be in a location accessible to the fueling area.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1595. Repair of Haulage Vehicles, Tractors, Bulldozers and Similar Equipment.
(a) No repairs shall be attempted on power equipment until arrangements are made to eliminate possibility of injury, caused by sudden movements or operation of the equipment or its parts. When the equipment being repaired is a bulldozer, carryall, ripper, or other machine hav ing sharp or heavy moving parts such as blades, beds, or gates, such parts shall be lowered to the ground or securely and positively blocked in an inoperative position.
All controls shall be in a neutral position, with the engine(s) stopped and brakes set, unless work being performed requires otherwise.
(b) Trucks with dump bodies shall be equipped with positive means of support, permanently attached, and capable of being locked in position to prevent accidental lowering of the body while maintenance or inspection work is being done. In all cases where the body is raised for any work, the locking device shall be used.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code: Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1596. Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS).
(a) Installation Schedule. ROPS and seat belts (see Section 1596(g)) shall be installed and used on all equipment specified in this section in accordance with the following effective dates for each type or use of equipment listed below:
Note: The provisions of this section do not apply to non-rider equipment.
(1) Scrapers, tractors, front-end loaders, bulldozers, motor graders and water wagon prime movers having brake horsepower ratings above 20:

Equipment Manufacture Dates ......... Effective Date for ROPS and Seat Belts
(A) On or after April 1, 1971......... April 1, 1971
(B) On or after July 1, 1969.......... January 1, 1977
and prior to April 1, 1971
(C) On or after January 1, 1960....... July 1, 1977
and prior to July 1, 1969
(D) Prior to January 1, 1960.......... July 1, 1977
(If operated under any of
the conditions specified
in Section 1596(a)(2)(B),
(i) or (ii) or (iii).)

EXCEPTIONS to Section 1596(a)(1):
(1) Side boom, pipe-laying tractors.
(2) An operator restraining system, acceptable to the Division, shall be permitted to be used in lieu of the required seat belts on motor graders not designed for seated operations.
(3) ROPS or seat belts shall not be required for the equipment identified in Section 1596(a)(1)(D) when loading/unloading from transportation vehicles on relatively flat surfaces.
(2) Rollers and compactors having a weight greater than 5,950 pounds.
(A) Rollers or compactors having segmented and/or sheepsfoot-type wheels or drums by July 1, 1977.
(B) All rollers and compactors (other than those specified in Section 1596(a)(2)(A)) when operating under any of the following conditions on or after July 1, 1977:
(i) Parallel to and within 3 feet of a down slope steeper than 3 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical, or
(ii) Within 3 feet of a vertical or nearly vertical drop-off exceeding 1 foot in height, or

(iii) On any grade exceeding 15 percent (10 feet horizontal to 1 1/2 feet vertical).
EXCEPTIONS to Section 1596(a)(2)(B):
(1) Smooth, steel wheel rollers where the operator stands at the extreme rear of the vehicle.
(2) Rollers and compactors identified in Section 1596(a)(2)(B) when loading/unloading from transportation vehicles on relatively flat surfaces.
(b) ROPS Approval. ROPS shall be approved for their intended use as defined in Section 1505 of these Orders.
EXCEPTION: See Section 1596(i).
(c) Overhead Protection. ROPS shall provide operator protection against the hazard of falling objects.
(d) Retrofit Design Criteria. The following items comprise the basic design criteria for retrofit ROPS used on scrapers, tractors, front-end loaders, bulldozers, motor graders and water wagon prime movers manufactured prior to April 1, 1971, and for rollers and compactors manufactured prior to July 1, 1977:
(1) Designs shall be based on one of the following:
(A) SAE Recommended Practice J-1040-a, February, 1975, or
(B) Structural analysis calculations equivalent to SAE J-1040-a, or
(C) Capability to support at least 2 times the gross machine weight applied vertically subsequent to an independently applied side load not less than 1.25 times the gross machine weight applied horizontally at the top of ROPS.
Note: 1. Gross vehicle weight includes the ROPS, all fuels and other components required for normal use of the vehicle.
2. The structural characteristics of the vehicle frame must be included in the design of the ROPS system.

3. The mounting brackets shall be capable of withstanding vibration and the design loads applied to the ROPS.
(2) The inside dimensions of the ROPS shall meet the deflection limiting volume requirements of SAE J-397-a, July, 1973.
(3) The design of the ROPS shall be approved by a registered civil or mechanical engineer.
EXCEPTION: See Section 1596(i).
(e) Modification or Repair. ROPS required by Section 1596(a) may be modified or repaired providing such modification or repair complies with the provisions of Section 1596(d) or Federal OSHA standard 1926.1000(c)(2).
(f) Labeling. Each ROPS shall bear a label with the following information:
(1) Name and address of manufacturer.
(2) Manufacturer's ROPS model number.

(3) Make and model of equipment for which the ROPS is designed.
Labels shall be stamped plates or other permanently attached means of identification, and shall not be obscured, obliterated or changed.
(g) Seat Belts (i.e., lap belts) and Combination Pelvic/Upper Torso Restraint Systems. Seat belts shall be adequate for the intended service and in good repair. Belts previously approved by the Division and installed prior to January 1, 1971, are acceptable provided they remain serviceable. Belts installed on or after January 1, 1971, shall be labeled as meeting the requirements of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard in effect at the time the belt was manufactured. Where installed, combination pelvic/upper torso (Type 2) restraint systems shall be labeled as meeting the requirements of SAE J2292 AUG97, Combination Pelvic/Upper Torso (Type 2) Operator Restraint Systems For Off-Road Work Machines.
Note: For the purpose of subsection (g), the term "upper torso restraint" means a portion of a seat belt assembly intended to restrain movement of the chest and shoulder regions.
(1) Adjustment. The seat belts shall be capable of snug adjustment by the employee by a means easily within the employee's reach or shall be provided with an automatic locking or emergency locking retractor.
(2) Marking. Each seat belt and combination pelvic/upper torso restraint system shall be permanently and legibly marked or labeled with year of manufacture, model or style number and name or trademark of manufacturer or distributor, or of the importer if manufactured outside of the United States.
(3) Stiffness. To minimize "roping," the seat belt webbing shall be woven and/or treated to produce a stiffness in the transverse direction equal to or greater than that obtained with a weave of double plain with one up, one down binder,without stuffers. This stiffness shall be effective for the usable life of the webbing. The webbing shall be flexible in the longitudinal direction to permit adjustment to -40 <> F.
(4) Material. The seat belt webbing material shall have a resistance to acids, alkalis, mildew, aging, moisture and sunlight equal to or better than that of untreated polyester fiber. The webbing shall not be less than three (3) inches in width; its ends shall be protected or treated to prevent unravelling and the breaking strength shall be at least 6,000 pounds.

Note: For seat belt requirements for agricultural and industrial tractors, see Section 3653, General Industry Safety Orders.
(5) Release. The seat belt buckle shall be designed so that it can be easily released with a single motion. It shall also be capable of being released with either available mittened hand.
(6) Closure. The seat belt buckle shall be designed so that it can be easily closed with mittened hands.
(7) Location. When a two-piece belt is used, the adjustment means shall be on each half of the belt to allow for the centering of the buckle on the operator.
(8) Operation. Each adjustment shall be capable of being made with the use of one mittened hand.
(9) Tests. A typical complete seat belt assembly, including webbing, straps, buckles, adjustment and attachment hardware, and retractors, shall be capable of passing the following destructive tests:
(A) The assembly loop shall withstand, without failure, a force of not less than 5,000 pounds and each structural component of the assembly a force of not less than 2,500 pounds.
(B) The length of the assembly loop between anchorages shall not increase more than 14 inches and each half of the assembly loop shall not increase more than 7 inches when subjected to a force of 5,000 pounds.
(C) Any webbing cut by the hardware during testing shall have a breaking strength at the cut of not less than 4,200 pounds.
(h) Wheel-type Agricultural or Industrial Tractors.
(1) ROPS and seat belts shall be installed and used on all wheel-type agricultural or industrial tractors used in construction in accordance with the installation schedule in Section 1596(a)(1).
(2) The ROPS specified above shall be approved for their intended use as defined in Section 1505.
(3) Protective enclosures, if used, shall be approved for their intended use as defined in Section 1505.

(4) ROPS approvals granted for wheel-type agricultural or industrial tractors will remain effective for the specified models of equipment for which they were granted, unless revoked for cause. These ROPS shall bear a label with their California State Approval Number.
(i) Existing ROPS Approvals. ROPS and canopies installed prior to July 24, 1976 and having a label with a California approval number on the specific model of construction equipment for which the approval was granted shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions of this section relating to ROPS.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code

s 1597. Jobsite Vehicles.
Vehicles which are utilized on jobsites exclusively and are, therefore, excluded from the provisions of applicable traffic and vehicular codes shall be equipped and operated in the following manner:
(a) Vehicles shall have a service brake system, an emergency brake system, and a parking brake system. These systems may use common components, and shall be maintained in operable condition.
(b) Whenever visibility conditions warrant additional light, all vehicles, or combinations of vehicles, in use shall be equipped with at least two headlights and two taillights in operable condition.
(c) All vehicles, or combination of vehicles, shall have brake lights in operable condition regardless of light conditions.
(d) Vehicles with cabs shall have windshields and powered windshield wipers. Cracked or broken windshields shall be replaced promptly. Where fogging or frosting of windshields is prevalent, operable defogging or defrosting equipment shall be required.
(e) Tools and material shall be secured to prevent movement when transported in the same compartment with employees.
(f) Vehicles used to transport employees shall have seats firmly secured and adequate for the number of employees to be carried.
(g) Vehicles on construction sites, not covered by the provisions of 1596 (g) or applicable provisions of the State of California Motor Vehicle Code shall have installed seat belts and anchorages meeting the requirements of 49 CFR Part 571 (Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards).
(h) The employer shall require the use of seat belts.
(i) Vehicles excluded from provisions of 1591 and the State of California Motor Vehicle Code shall be equipped with fenders or, if vehicle is not designed for fenders, mud flaps.
(j) Vehicles not covered under other sections shall be checked at the beginning of each shift to assure that the following parts, equipment, and accessories are in safe operating condition and free of apparent damage that could cause failure while in use: service brakes, including trailer brake connections; parking system (hand brake); emergency stopping system (brakes); tires; horn; steering mechanism; coupling devices; seat belts; operating controls; and safety devices. All defects shall be corrected before the vehicle is placed in service. These requirements also apply to equipment such as lights, reflectors, windshield wipers, defrosters, fire extinguishers, etc., where such equipment is necessary.
(k) Where vehicles are operated, temporary covers for conduits, trenches and manholes and their supports, when located in roadways and vehicular aisles, shall be designed to carry at least 2 times the maximum intended vehicular live load and they shall be designed and installed as to prevent accidental displacement.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1598. Traffic Control for Public Streets and Highways.
(a) Where a hazard exists to employees because of traffic or haulage conditions at work sites that encroach upon public streets or highways, a system of traffic controls in conformance with the "Manual of Traffic Controls for Construction and Maintenance Work Zones -1996" which is herein incorporated by reference and referred to as the "Manual", published by the State Department of Transportation, shall be required so as to abate the hazard.
Note: Additional means of traffic control, such as continuous patrol, detours, barricades, or other techniques for the safety of employees may be employed. Criteria for position, location and use of traffic control devices described in the "Manual" is not mandatory. It is furnished solely for the purpose of guidance and information.
(b) Specifications for the size and design of signs, lights, and devices used for traffic control shall be as described in the "Manual", published by the State Department of Transportation pursuant to the provisions of California Vehicle Code Section 21400 and, which is incorporated by this reference.
Note: The "Manual" may be obtained at any Division office or from the Department of Transportation.
(c) Employees (on foot) exposed to the hazard of vehicular traffic shall wear orange, strong yellow-green, or fluorescent versions of these colored warning garments such as vests, jackets, or shirts. During rainy weather, employees exposed to the hazard of vehicular traffic may wear orange, strong yellow-green, or yellow rainwear.
(d) During hours of darkness, warning garments shall be retroreflective. The retroreflective material shall be visible at a minimum of 1,000 feet. The retroreflective clothing, or the retroreflective material added to the clothing, shall have a minimum of one horizontal stripe around the torso. White outer garments with retroreflective material that meets the above requirements may be worn during hours of darkness in lieu of colored vests, jackets and/or shirts.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1599. Flaggers.
(a) Flaggers shall be utilized at locations on a construction site where barricades and warning signs cannot control the moving traffic.
(b) When flaggers are required, they shall be placed in relation to the equipment or operation so as to give effective warning.
(c) Placement of warning signs shall be according to the "Manual of Traffic Controls for Construction and Maintenance Work Zones -1996", published by the State Department of Transportation, which is herein incorporated by reference and referred to as the "Manual".
(d) Flaggers shall wear orange, strong yellow-green, or fluorescent versions of these colored warning garments such as vests, jackets, or shirts. Rainwear, when worn, shall be orange, strong yellow-green, or yellow.
(e) During the hours of darkness, flaggers' stations shall be illuminated such that the flagger will be clearly visible to approaching traffic and flaggers shall be outfitted with reflectorized garments. The retroreflective material shall be visible at a minimum distance of 1,000 feet. The retroreflective clothing, or the retroreflective material added to the clothing, shall have a minimum of one horizontal stripe around the torso. White outer garments with retroreflective material that meets the above requirements may be worn during hours of darkness in lieu of colored vests, jackets and/or shirts.
(f) Flaggers shall be trained in the proper fundamentals of flagging moving traffic before being assigned as flaggers. Signaling directions used by flaggers shall conform to the "Manual". The training and instructions shall be based on the "Manual" and work site conditions and also include the following:

(1) flagger equipment which must be used,
(2) layout of the work zone and flagging station,
(3) methods to signal traffic to stop, proceed or slow down,
(4) methods of one-way traffic control,
(5) trainee demonstration of proper flagging methodology and operations,
(6) emergency vehicles traveling through the work zone,
(7) handling emergency situations,
(8) methods of dealing with hostile drivers,
(9) flagging procedures when a single flagger is used (when applicable),
Documentation of the training shall be maintained as required by Section 3203, Injury Illness and Prevention Program of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(g) Flaggers shall be trained by persons with the qualifications and experience necessary to effectively instruct the employee in the proper fundamentals of flagging moving traffic.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1600. Pile Driving.
(a) A danger zone shall be clearly delineated around the operating hammer where employees involved in cutting, chipping or welding operations shall be prohibited so as to protect them from the hazards of falling objects.
(1) The employer shall establish the danger zone.
(2) The danger zone shall be maintained under the supervision of a competent person.
(b) A blocking device capable of safely supporting the weight of the hammer shall be provided for placement in the leads under the hammer and used at all times while employees are working under the hammer.
Exception: Where it is necessary for a worker, momentarily, to lean through the leads to spot a pile under hammer, it is not required that the hammer be secured in the leads.
(c) Steam and air hammer hose connections.
(1) All pile driver hose connections including those to pile driver hammers, pile ejectors, or jet pipes shall be securely tethered with an adequate length of at least 1/4 inch (0.635 cm) alloy steel chain having 3,250 pounds (1,500 kg) rated capacity (working load limit), or equivalent strength alloy steel cable to prevent the line from thrashing around in case the coupling becomes disconnected.
(2) Chains or wire rope shall not be shortened with knots, bolts or other makeshift devices.
(d) When used, platforms shall be of sufficient size so that the employee can easily avoid contact with the hammer. It shall be surrounded on all sides, except between the hammer leads, with a railing or guard line 42 to 45 inches in height. Guard lines shall be taut and at least 3/8 inch wire rope or equivalent. If railings are used, they shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1620.
Exception: Pipe or structural steel railings of equivalent strength may be used.
(e) Precautions shall be taken to ensure that objects are secured against wind and accidental displacement, to prevent tools, material, and equipment from falling off elevated platforms. Toeboards shall be installed on all sides of the platform in accordance with Section 1621(b).
(f) Leads shall be provided with a ladder and adequate rings, or similar attachment points, so that the employee may engage a personal fall protection system to the leads. The personal fall protection system shall comply with the requirements of Article 24.
(g) Stirrups shall be provided for use on sheet piles or a mechanical device shall be used to guide the pile into place. If an employee is required to go aloft on sheet piling, the employee shall use an aerial device or ladder.
Exception: Where it is unsafe to use an aerial device or ladder, a boatswain's chair may be used in accordance with Section 1662.
(h) Employee(s) shall not ride the hammer.
(i) Where work is to be performed, walkways at least 20 inches in width shall be provided across piles or other open work with the exception of those piles on which the driver is standing.
(j) Where a drop hammer is used for driving piling other than sheet piling, a driving head or bonnet shall be provided to bell the head of the pile and hold it true in the leads.
(k) Ring buoys shall be provided in accordance with Article 13 and located where readily available at intervals not exceeding 200 feet on all structures over water under the course of construction.
Where employees are concentrated in groups, there shall be additional ring buoys consisting of not less than 1 additional buoy for each 25 employees in that area. Portable standards or equivalent means to hold the ring buoys in plain view shall be provided. Life saving boats shall be provided in accordance with Article 13.
(l) All floating rigs, with the exception of small work rafts or pontoons, shall be equipped with at least 2 ring buoys.
(m) In every crew there shall be a designated signaler, and the engine or winch operator shall receive signals from no other except, that when an employee is aloft, the hammer shall not be moved except on the signal of the employee aloft. Note:For recommended standard hand signals, see Plate C-11.
(n) All deck engines, not operated by an operator on the throttle sides, shall be equipped with a cross extension of the throttle that is within the reach of the spool tender.
(o) Every hoisting drum used on a pile driver that uses a dog and ratchet arrangement to hold it in position shall be equipped with an adequate dog. This dog shall be readily visible from the engine operator's station or shall be provided with a directly connected and positive telltale device that will be visible.
(p) No arrangement of counterweights or springs on the dog shall be permitted which will allow the dog to be automatically disengaged either by relieving the load or rotating the drum.
(q) Stop blocks shall be provided for the leads to prevent the hammer from being raised against the head block.
(r) When the leads must be inclined in the driving of batter piles, provisions shall be made to stabilize the leads.
(s) Steam line controls shall consist of two shutoff valves, one of which shall be a quick-acting lever type within easy reach of the hammer operator.
(t) Guys, outriggers, thrustouts, or counter-balances shall be provided as necessary to maintain stability of pile driver rigs.
(u) All employees shall be kept clear when piling is being hoisted into the leads.
(v) When steel tube piles are being "blown out," employees shall be kept well beyond the range of falling materials.
(w) When driving jacked piles, all access pits shall be provided with ladders and bulkheaded curbs to prevent material from falling into the pit. Note:Section 5158 of the General Industry Safety Orders prescribes the minimum standards for preventing employee exposure to dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency in confined spaces.
(x) Hoisting of piling shall be done by hooks provided with a means to prevent accidental disengagement or a shackle shall be used in place of a hook.
(y) Taglines shall be used for controlling unguided piles and free hanging (flying) hammers.
(z) Hammers shall be lowered to the bottom of the leads while the pile driver is being moved.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1601. Methods of Unloading Piles.
Piles shall be unloaded in a controlled manner so that employees are not exposed to the hazard of rolling or falling piles.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1602. Work Over or Near Water.
(a) The following safety devices shall be provided for and used by employees at those locations where the danger of drowning exists:
EXCEPTION: Where employees are continuously protected by railings, nets, safety belts or other applicable provisions of these Orders.
(1) Personal Flotation Devices (PFD). Employees shall be required to wear U. S. Coast Guard approved personal flotation devices that are marked or labeled Type I PFD, Type II PFD, or Type III PFD, or a U.S. Coast Guard approved Type V PFD that is marked or labeled for use as a work vest for commercial use or for use on vessels.
(2) Ring Buoys. U. S. Coast Guard approved 30-inch ring buoys with at least 150 feet of 600 pound capacity line shall be readily available for emergency rescue operations. Distance between ring buoys shall not exceed 200 feet.
(3) Lifesaving Boats. One or more lifesaving boats, either manually or power-operated, shall be provided and readily accessible at all times. Lifesaving boats shall be properly maintained, ready for emergency use and equipped with oars and oarlocks attached to the gunwales, boathook, anchor, ring buoy with 50 feet of 600 pound capacity line and two life preservers in accordance with Section 1602(a)(1) and (2). Oars are not required on boats that are powered by an inboard motor.
(A) Where, because of swift current, lifeboats cannot be used, a line shall be stretched across the stream with tag lines or floating planks trailing in the water at intervals not to exceed 6 feet. If this is impracticable, some other arrangement for providing effective life lines near the water surface shall be provided.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1603. Walkways.
(a) When dredge discharge pipe lines are used as walkways, they shall be provided with a flat surface walkway at least 12 inches wide, anchored to the pipe line to prevent displacement. A railing providing at least a single rail or taut rope 42 to 45 inches high shall be provided along one side. When rope is used, it shall be at least as strong as 3/4-inch diameter Manila or at least 3/8-inch diameter wire rope, or equivalent.
(b) Catwalks or platforms shall be at least 20 inches wide with railings provided at all locations over bodies of water more than 4 feet deep. Plank for such use at those locations subject to immersion shall be rough sawn and treated to resist rot. Railings shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1620.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1604. Personnel Hoists.
Sections 1604.1 through 1604.30 are taken, with revisions necessary to conform to State codification numbering requirements and existing laws, from ANSI 10.4- 1973 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Personnel Hoists.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1604.1. General.
(a) Scope.
(1) These Safety Orders apply to the design, construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, alterations, and repair of structures and hoists which are installed inside or outside buildings during construction, alteration, or demolition, and are used to raise and lower workers and other persons connected with, or related to, the building project. The hoist may also be used for transportation of materials.

(2) These Safety Orders shall not apply to hoists for raising and lowering materials with no provision for carrying personnel nor to mine hoists.
(3) Endless belt-type manlifts are prohibited for use as personnel hoists.
(4) Non-guided or wire-rope guided hoists are prohibited.
Exception: Wire-rope guided personnel hoists may be used in chimney and stack construction provided the hoist is designed by a civil or mechanical engineer registered in California; the hoist is erected under the supervision of a qualified engineer; the engineering design and calculations have been approved by the Division of Industrial Safety; and, a valid operating permit has been issued by the Division prior to use of the hoist.
(b) Purpose.
The purpose of this Standard is to provide safety requirements for life, limb, and property for those engaged in occupations requiring the use of personnel hoists. The requirements of this Standard are minimum for that purpose.
(c) Engineering Supervision.
(1) The employer shall comply with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of all hoists and elevators. Where manufacturer's specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be based on the determinations of a professional engineer competent in the field.
(2) Personnel hoists used in bridge tower construction shall be approved by a registered professional engineer and erected under the supervision of a qualified engineer competent in this field.

s 1604.2. Related Standards.
(a) These Personnel Hoist Safety Orders are supplemented by the following:
(1) The General Industry Safety Orders requirements for floor and wall openings, railings and toeboards.
(2) The Elevator Safety Orders.
(3) American National Standard Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, A89.1-1972 (ACI 318-71).
(4) The Electrical Safety Orders.
(5) American Welding Society, Structural Welding Code Z49.1-1973.
(6) American Institute of Steel Construction. Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings, 1969.
(7) American Gear Manufacturers Association Standards AGMA 210.02, AGMA 220.02 and AGMA 240.01.

s 1604.3. Definitions.

s 1604.4. Temporary Use of Permanent Elevators for Carrying Workers or Materials.
(a) Permanent passenger or freight elevators installed in buildings under construction, modification, or demolition may be used as construction hoists when they have been arranged to meet the requirements of this Article.
(b) Permanent passenger or freight elevators may be used on construction sites on automatic operation after a permit to operate has been issued by the Division.

s 1604.5. Construction of Towers, Masts, and Hoistway Enclosures.
(a) Tower or Mast Construction.
The tower or mast construction forming the supports for the machinery and guide members shall be designed and installed to support the load and forces specified.
(b) Protection of Spaces Below Hoistways.
Where the space below the hoistway is used for a passageway or is occupied by persons or, if unoccupied, is not secured against unauthorized access, the following requirements shall be met:
(1) Hoist counterweights shall be provided with a Type "A" or "B," or rack and pinion safety. Broken-rope type safeties may be provided on car counterweights.
Exception: Where it can be demonstrated by recognized engineering calculations, submitted in writing by a qualified engineer, that the structure over the passageway, vault, or other usable space is capable of withstanding the impact of the counterweights falling their maximum distance, no safety device need be provided.Where it can be demonstrated by recognized engineering calculations, submitted in writing by a qualified engineer, that the structure over the passageway, vault, or other usable space is capable of withstanding the impact of the counterweights falling their maximum distance, no safety device need be provided.
(2) The cars and counterweights shall be provided with spring or oil buffers conforming to the following:
(A) Spring or oil buffers shall conform with Section 1604.14.

(B) Spring buffers for hoists shall be so designed and installed that they will not be fully compressed when struck by the car with its rated load and by the counterweight at governor-tripping speed where the safety is governor-operated and at 125% of rated speed where the safety is not governor-operated.
(3) Car and counterweight buffer supports shall be of sufficient strength to withstand without permanent deformation the impact resulting from buffer engagement at governor-tripping speed where the safety is governor-operated and at 125% of rated speed where the safety is not governor-operated.
(c) Hoistway Enclosures.
(1) Hoists Located Outside of Structures.
For hoists located outside of structures, the enclosures, except those at the lowest landing, may be omitted on the sides where there is no floor or scaffold adjacent to the hoistway. Enclosures on the building side of the hoistway shall be full height or a minimum of 8 feet at each floor landing. Enclosure at the pit shall be not less than 8 feet on all sides.

(2) Hoists Located Inside of Structures.
For hoists located inside of structures, the hoistway shall be enclosed throughout its height.
(3) Design.
Hoistway enclosures shall be so supported and braced that when subjected to a pressure of 100 pounds applied horizontally at any point, the deflection shall not exceed 1 inch and shall not reduce the running clearance below the minimum required in Section 1604.11(a).
Hoistway enclosures, if of openwork, shall be provided on all sides within the building or structure with an unperforated kickplate extending not less than 12 inches above the level of each floor above the lowest.
(d) Hoist Structure.
(1) Hoists shall be supported by a firm foundation of such dimensions as to adequately distribute the transmitted load so as not to exceed the safe load bearing capacity of the ground upon which such hoists are erected.

(2) Each hoist structure shall be anchored to the building or other structure at vertical intervals not exceeding 30 feet. Where the building or other structure is of such character that tie-ins cannot be made, the hoist structure shall be guyed by means of a suitable number of guys. Such guys shall be fastened to adequate anchorages to ensure hoist structure stability. When wire rope is used for guys, the rope shall be at least 1/2-inch in diameter.
(3) Tie-ins shall conform to, or be equal to, the manufacturer's specifications and shall remain in place until the tower or mast is dismantled.
(4) The free-standing portion of the hoist structure shall be in accordance with manufacturer's specifications.
(5) Cars in multiple hoistways are prohibited when one or more cars are designed according to the requirements of Section 1605.9 for material hoists.
(6) Each personnel hoist shall be independently powered and operated.
(7) Booms shall be prohibited on hoists and structures.

Exception: Booms used to erect rack and pinion towers.Booms used to erect rack and pinion towers.
(e) Erection and Dismantling.
Personnel and building materials connected with, or related to, the building project may not be moved by the hoist while erection, dismantling or inspection of the hoist are taking place.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1604.6. Hoistway Doors and Door Locking Devices.
(a) Height, Material, and Installation.
(1) Hoistway doors shall be not less than 6 feet 6 inches high.
(2) Hoistway doors and gates including their components, such as guides, guide shoes, tracks, locking devices, hangers, hinges, etc., shall be so designed, constructed, installed and maintained that the fully closed door or gate shall not deflect beyond the centerline of the car-to-landing sill clearance when subjected to a force of 75 pounds applied perpendicular to the door or gate and distributed over an area of 1 square foot on any part of the door or gate, including the components.
(3) When subjected to a force of 250 pounds applied as described in subsection (a)(2), doors or gates and their components shall not be displaced from their supports, guides, tracks, hinges, latches and locking devices, or be permanently deformed or otherwise made inoperative.
(4) Where multi-section doors or gates are used, each panel shall withstand the forces specified in subsections (a)(2) and (a)(3).
(5) Solid doors, where used, shall be provided with a vision-panel or panels having an opening width of not more than 6 inches, and an area not more than 80 square inches per panel covered with expanded metal or wire mesh which shall reject a 3/4-inch ball or clear material having equivalent strength. The vision panel shall withstand a force of 75 pounds applied perpendicularly to any part of the panel and distributed over an area of 1 square foot with no greater deflection than any other part of the door as allowed in subsection (a)(2).
(b) Door Locking Devices.
Landing doors shall be provided with a means that will lock the doors mechanically so that they cannot be opened from the landing side.
These locks shall, at the landings other than the lowest landing, be of a type that can be released only by a person in the car.
If the door at the lowest terminal landing is locked automatically when closed with the car at the landing, it shall be provided with means to unlock it from the landing side to permit access to the car. The means provided shall be accessible only to authorized persons. A hook and eye shall be prohibited as a door locking device.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1604.7. Overhead Beams, Foundations, and Flooring Over Hoistway.
(a) Overhead Beams and Foundations.
Overhead beams and foundations for the direct support of the machinery or sheaves, or both, shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Beams and Supports Required.
Machines, machinery, and sheaves shall be so supported and maintained in place as to effectually prevent any part from becoming loose or displaced under the conditions imposed in service.
Supporting beams, if used, shall be of steel or reinforced concrete. Beams are not required under machines, sheaves, and machinery or control equipment which are supported on floors, provided such floors are designed and installed to support the load imposed thereon.
(2) Overhead Beams, Floors, and Their Supports.
Overhead beams, floors, and their supports shall be designed for not less than the sum of the following loads:
(A) The load resting on the beams and supports which shall include the complete weight of the machine, sheaves, controller, governor, and any other equipment, together with that portion, if any, of the machine room floor supported thereon.
(B) Twice the sum of the tensions in all wire ropes supporting the car, passing over sheaves or drums supported by the beams, with rated load in the car.

(3) Foundations, Beams, and Floors for Machinery and Sheaves Not Located Directly Over the Hoistway.
For machines and sheaves located below, or at the sides of, the hoistway, the foundation for the machine and sheave beams and their supports shall be designed to withstand loads as follows:
(A) The foundation shall support the total weight of the machine, sheaves, and other equipment, and the floor, if any.
(B) The sheave beams and the foundation bolts shall withstand twice the vertical component of the tensions in all hoisting ropes passing over sheaves or drums on the foundation or beams, less the weight of the machine or sheaves.
(C) The sheave beams and the foundation bolts shall withstand twice the horizontal component, if any, of the tensions in all hoisting ropes passing over sheaves or drums on the foundation or beams.
(D) The foundation shall withstand twice the overturning moment, if any, developed by the tensions in all the hoisting ropes passing over sheaves or drums on the foundation or beams.

(4) Securing of Machinery and Equipment to Beams, Foundations, or Floors.
(A) Overhead Beams and Floors.
Machinery or equipment shall be secured to, and supported on or from the top of, overhead beams or floors.
Exceptions: 1. Secondary or deflecting sheaves of traction hoists. 2. Devices and their accessories for limiting or retarding car speed.
(B) Beams or Foundations Supporting Machinery and Sheaves Not Located Directly Over the Hoistway.
Machines and sheaves located below, or at one side of, a hoistway shall be anchored to beams, foundations, or floors with bolts, shall conform to American National Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Steel Externally and Internally Threaded Standard Fasteners, G38.5-1969 (ASTM A307-68), and shall be of sufficient size and number to withstand the applicable load conditions specified under Section 1604.7(a)(2). Based on these initial loads, total tension in anchor bolts shall not exceed 12,00 lb./in. 2 of net section, and the total shear shall not exceed 8,600 lb./in. 2 of actual area in the shear plane. Where bolts are used through sloping flanges of structural shapes, the bolt heads shall be of the tipped or beveled-head type or shall be fitted with beveled steel washers, and nuts on sloping flanges shall seat on beveled steel washers.
Exception: Bolts made of steel having a greater strength than that specified by American National Standard G38.5-1969 (ASTM A307-68) may be used and the maximum allowable stresses increased proportionally based on the ratio of the ultimate strengths. Elongation must conform to the requirements of the corresponding American National Standard.
(C) Overhead Hoisting Rope Hitches.
Where hoisting ropes are secured to the structure above a hoistway, the hitch plates and hitch plate blocking beams, where used, shall be secured to, and mounted on top of, overhead beams, machine beams, or on top of auxiliary beams connected to the webs of overhead beams. Hitch plates, blocking beams or auxiliary beams shall be secured by bolting, riveting, or welding, and shall be so located that the tension in the hoisting ropes will not develop direct tensions in the bolts or rivets. Bolts shall conform to American National Standard G38.5-1969 (ASTM A307.68), American National Standard Specification for High Strength Bolts and Structural Steel Joints, Including Suitable Nuts and Plain Hardened Washers, G38.6-1972 (ASTM A325-71a), or American National Standard Specifications for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts for Structural Steel Joints, G24.19-1972 (ASTM A490-71). Rivets shall conform to American National Standard Specification for Steel Structural Rivets, G42.2- 1968 (ASTM A502-65). Welding shall conform to American Welding Society, Structural Welding Code D1.1. Where bolts and rivets are subject to shearing stresses due to tensions in the hoist ropes, the total shear shall not exceed 8,600 lb./in. 2 of actual area in the shear plane. Except where friction-type connections are used in accordance with American National Standard G38.6-1972 (ASTM A325-71a) and American National Standard G24.19-1972 (ASTM A490-71), the allowable stresses per Section 1604.7(a)(5)(A) shall be used.
The stresses in welds due to tensions in the hoisting ropes shall not exceed 12,000 lb./in. 2 based on the throat area of the weld.
The hitch plate supporting beams shall be designed to withstand twice the sum of the tension in all hoisting ropes attached to the hitch plates.
Total stresses in tension plus bending in hitch plates and hitch plate shapes shall not exceed 12,000 lb./in. 2
Exception: Bolts made of steel having a greater strength than specified by American National Standard G38.5-1969 (ASTM A307-68) may be used and the maximum allowable stresses increased proportionally based on the ratio of the ultimate strengths. Elongation must conform to the requirements of the corresponding American National Standard.
(D) Cast Metals in Tension or Bending.
Cast metals having an elongation of less than 20% in a length of 2 inches, which are subject to tension or bending, shall not be used to support machinery or equipment from the underside of overhead beams or floors.
(5) Allowable Stresses for Machinery and Sheave Beams, or Floors and Their Supports.
The unit stresses for all machinery and sheave beams, and floors and their supports, based on the loads computed as specified under Section 1604.7(a)(2), shall not exceed 80 percent and the unit stresses in tower or mast structures shall not exceed one hundred percent of those permitted for static loads by the following standards:
(A) Structural Steel.
AISC Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Building.
(B) Reinforced Concrete.
Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete ANSI A89.1 (ACI 318).
Where stresses due to loads other than hoist loads, supported on the beams or floor, exceed those due to the hoist loads, 100 percent of the permitted stresses may be used.
(b) Flooring Over Hoistway.
Where the hoisting machine is installed at the top of the hoistway, a solid floor shall be provided for maintenance, inspection, and lubrication. The floor shall be of 2-inch plank, or the equivalent, secured against movement with guardrails installed on all open sides. Where the hoisting machine is located at the bottom of the hoistway suitable access shall be provided for maintenance, inspection, and lubrication of top cathead and sheaves.

s 1604.8. Electrical Wiring, Fittings, and Fixtures.
(a) Wiring, Raceways, and Cables in Hoistways and Machine Rooms.
Main feeders for supplying power to the hoist may be installed inside or outside the hoistway.
(1) Only such electrical wiring, raceways, and cables used directly in connection with the hoist may be installed inside the hoistway.

(A) All conduits, armored cables, electrical metallic tubing, metal wireways, flexible conduits, and cabled conductors located within hoistways shall be securely fastened to the hoistway construction or to the guide member(s), or to the guide member supports.
(2) The installation of all electrical wiring in hoistways and machine rooms, except as may be provided elsewhere in this Standard, shall conform to the requirements of the Electrical Safety Orders.
Traveling cables, where used between the car and hoistway wiring, shall be Type E.O., E.T.T., S.O., or a type approved by an accepted testing laboratory.
(b) Enclosure of Live Parts on Cars and in Hoistway.
All live parts of electrical apparatus, located in or on hoist cars or in their hoistways, shall be suitably enclosed to protect against accidental contact.
The maximum circuit voltage of control or operating circuits permitted in or on hoist cars and their hoistways shall not exceed that specified in Section 1604.24(c)(1). (continued)