CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
-------------------------
1...+...10....+...20....+

*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 2. -- It begins at character 26 of table line 1. ********
*******************************************************************************

TABLE C-2.3
TIMBER TRENCH SHORING-MINIMUM TIMBER REQUIREMENTS [FNa1]
SOIL TYPE C PA=25xH+72 PSF (2 FT. SURCHARGE)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE (S4S) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS [FNa2]
------------------------------------------------------------
CROSS BRACES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIDTH OF TRENCH (FEET)

---------------------------------------
UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO VERT. SIZE VERT.
4 6 9 12 15 SPACING (IN) SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ..... 8x8 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 10x10 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5 .

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 10x10 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 12x12 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

26.......+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0..

*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 3. -- It begins at character 103 of table line 1. *******
*******************************************************************************

------------------
-------
UPRIGHTS
------------------
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
HORIZONTAL
SPACING (FEET)
------------------
CLOSE

------------------
... 3x6
------------------
... 3x6
------------------
... 3x6
------------------
------------------
... 4x6
------------------
... 4x6
------------------
------------------
------------------
... 4x6
------------------
------------------

------------------
------------------
------------------
103...10....+...20

*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 4. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 43. ********
*******************************************************************************

[FNa1] DOUGLAS FIR OR EQUIVALENT WITH A BENDING STRENGTH NOT LESS THAN 1500
PSI.
[FNa]2 MANUFACTURED MEMBERS OF EQUIVALENT STRENGTH MAY BY SUBSTITUTED FOR WOOD.
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. References: Section 142.3, Labor code.

Appendix D
Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches

(a) Scope. This appendix contains information that can be used when aluminum hydraulic shoring is provided as a method of protection against cave-ins in trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth. This appendix must be used when design of the aluminum hydraulic protective system cannot be performed in accordance with Section 1541.1(c)(2).
(b) Soil Classification. In order to use data presented in this appendix, the soil type or types in which the excavation is made must first be determined using the soil classification method set forth in Appendix A of this Article.
(c) Presentation of Information. Information is presented in several forms as follows:
(1) Information is presented in tabular form in Tables D-1.1, D-1.2, D-1.3 and D-1.4. Each table presents the maximum vertical and horizontal spacings that may be used with various aluminum member sizes and various hydraulic cylinder sizes. Each table contains data only for the particular soil type in which the excavation or portion of the excavation is made. Tables D-1.1 and D-1.2 are for vertical shores in Types A and B soil. Tables D-1.3 and D-1.4 are for horizontal waler systems in Types B and C soil.
(2) Information concerning the basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is presented in Section (d) of this appendix.
(3) Information explaining the use of the tabular data is presented in Section (e) of this appendix.

(4) Information illustrating the use of the tabular data is presented in Section (f) of this appendix.
(5) Miscellaneous notations (footnotes) regarding Table D-1.1 through D-1.4 are presented in Section (g) of this appendix.
(6) Figures, illustrating typical installations of hydraulic shoring, are included just prior to the Tables. The illustrations page is entitled "Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring: Typical Installations."
(d) Basis and limitations of the data.
(1) Vertical shore rails and horizontal wales are those that meet the Section Modulus requirements in the D-1 Tables. Aluminum material is 6061-T6 or material of equivalent strength and properties.
(2) Hydraulic cylinders specifications.
(A) 2-inch cylinders shall be a minimum 2-inch inside diameter with a minimum safe working capacity of no less than 18,000 pounds axial compressive load at maximum extension. Maximum extension is to include full range of cylinder extensions as recommended by product manufacturer.
(B) 3-inch cylinders shall be minimum 3-inch inside diameter with a safe working capacity of not less than 30,000 pounds axial compressive load at extensions as recommended by product manufacturer.
(3) Limitation of application.
(A) It is not intended that the aluminum hydraulic specification apply to every situation that may be experienced in the field. These data were developed to apply to the situations that are most commonly experienced in current trenching practice. Shoring systems for use in situations that are not covered by the data in this appendix must be otherwise designed as specified in Section 1541.1(c).
(B) When any of the following conditions are present, the members specified in the Tables are no considered adequate. In this case, an alternative aluminum hydraulic shoring system or other type of protective system must be designed in accordance with Section 1541.1.

1. When vertical loads imposed on crossbraces exceed a 100 pound gravity load distributed on a one foot section of the center of the hydraulic cylinder.
2. When surcharge loads are present from equipment weighing in excess of 20,000 pounds.
3. When only the lower portion of a trench is shored and the remaining portion of the trench is sloped or benched unless: The sloped portion is sloped at an angle less steep than three horizontal to one vertical; or the members are selected from the tables for use at a depth which is determined from the top of the overall trench, and not from the toe of the sloped portion.
(e) Use of Tables D-1.1, D-1.2, D-1.3 and D-1.4. The members of the shoring system that are to be selected using this information are the hydraulic cylinders, and either the vertical shores or the horizontal wales. When a waler system is used the vertical timber sheeting to be used is also selected from these tables. The Tables D-1.1 and D-1.2 for vertical shores are used in Type A and B soils that do not require sheeting. Type B soils that may require sheeting, and Type C soils that always require sheeting, are found in the horizontal wale Tables D-1.3 and D-1.4. The soil type must first be determined in accordance with the soil classification system described in Appendix A to Section 1541.1. Using the appropriate table, the selection of the size and spacing of the members is made. The selection is based on the depth and width of the trench where the members are to be installed. In these tables the vertical spacing is held constant at four feet on center. The tables show the maximum horizontal spacing of cylinders allowed for each size of wale in the waler system tables, and in the vertical shore tables, the hydraulic cylinder horizontal spacing is the same as the vertical shore spacing.
(f) Example to Illustrate the Use of the Tables:
(1) Example 1.
A trench dug in Type A soil is 6 feet deep and 3 feet wide. From Table D-1.1: Find vertical shores and 2 inch diameter cylinders spaced 8 feet on center (o.c.) horizontally and 4 feet on center (o.c.) vertically. (See Figures 1 & 3 for typical installations.)
(2) Example 2:
A trench is dug in Type B soil that does not require sheeting, 13 feet deep and 5 feet wide. From Table D-1.2: Find vertical shores and 2 inch diameter cylinders spaced 6.5 feet o.c. horizontally and 4 feet o.c. vertically. (See Figures 1 & 3 for typical installations.)
(3) Example 3:
A trench is dug in Type B soil that does not require sheeting, but does experience some minor raveling of the trench face. The trench is 16 feet deep and 9 feet wide. From Table D-1.2: Find vertical shores and 2 inch diameter cylinder (with special oversleeves as designated by footnote #2) spaced 5.5 feet o.c. horizontally and 4 feet o.c. vertically. Plywood (per footnote (g)(7) to the D-1 Table) should be used behind the shores. (See Figures 2 & 3 for typical installations.)
(4) Example 4:
A trench is dug in previously disturbed Type B soil, with characteristics of a Type C soil, and will require sheeting. The trench is 18 feet deep, and 12 feet wide. 8 foot horizontal spacing between cylinders is desired for working space. From Table D-1.3: Find horizontal wale with a section modulus of 14.0 spaced at 4 feet o.c. vertically and 3 inch diameter cylinder spaced at 9 feet maximum o.c. horizontally, 3 x 12 timber sheeting is required at close spacing vertically. (See Figure 4 for typical installation.)
(5) Example 5:
A trench is dug in Type C soil, 9 feet deep and 4 feet wide. Horizontal cylinder spacing in excess of 6 feet is desired for working space. From Table D-1.4: Find horizontal wale with a section modulus of 7.0 and 2 inch diameter cylinders spaced at 6.5 feet o.c. horizontally. Or, find horizontal wale with a 14.0 section modulus and 3 inch diameter cylinder spaced at 10 feet o.c. horizontally. Both wales are spaced 4 feet o.c. vertically, 3x12 timber sheeting is required at close spacing vertically. (See Figure 4 for typical installation.)
(g) Footnotes, and general notes, for Tables D-1.1, D-1.2, D-1.3, and D-1.4.
(1) For applications other than those listed in the tables, refer to Section 1541.1(c)(2) for use of manufacturer's tabulated data. For trench depths in excess of 20 feet, refer to Section 1541.1(c)(2) and 1541.1(c)(3).
(2) 2-inch diameter cylinders, at this width, shall have structural steel tube (3.5 x 3.5 x 0.1875) oversleeves, or structural oversleeves of manufacturer's specification, extending the full, collapsed length.
(3) Hydraulic cylinders capacities.
(A) 2-inch cylinders shall be a minimum 2-inch inside diameter with a safe working capacity of not less than 18,000 pounds axial compressive load at maximum extension. Maximum extension is to include full range of cylinder extensions as recommended by product manufacturer.
(B) 3-inch cylinders shall be a minimum 3-inch inside diameter with a safe work capacity of not less than 30,000 pounds axial compressive load at maximum extension. Maximum extension is to include full range of cylinder extensions as recommended by product manufacturer.
(4) All spacing indicated is measured center to center.
(5) Vertical shoring rails shall have a minimum section modulus of 0.40 inch.
(6) When vertical shores are used, there must be a minimum of three shores spaced equally, horizontally, in a group.

(7) Plywood shall be 1.125 inches thick of wood or 0.75 inch thick, 14 ply, arctic white birch (Finland form). Please note that plywood is not intended as a structural member, but only for prevention of local raveling (sloughing of the trench face) between shores. Equivalent material may be used if it has been approved in accordance with Section 1505(a).
(8) See Appendix C for timber specifications.
(9) Wales are calculated for simple span conditions.
(10) See Appendix D, Section (d), for basis and limitations of the data.

Appendix E to Section 1541.1
Alternatives to Timber Shoring

Note: Authority Cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference 142.3, Labor Code.

Appendix F to Section 1541.1
Selection of Protective Systems

The following figures are a graphic summary of the requirements contained in Article 6 for excavations 20 feet or less in depth. Protective systems for use in excavations more than 20 feet in depth must be designed by a registered professional engineer in accordance Section 1541.1(b) and (c).

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1542. Shafts.
(a) General.
(1) All wells or shafts over 5 feet in depth into which employees are permitted to enter shall be retained with lagging, spiling, or casing.
EXCEPTION: Exploration shafts; see Section 1542(d).
(2) The lagging, spiling or casing shall extend at least one foot above ground level and shall be provided the full depth of the shaft or at least five feet into solid rock if possible.
(3) All wells, pits, shafts, caissons, etc. shall be barricaded or securely covered.
(4) Upon completion of exploration and similar operations, temporary wells, pits, shafts, etc., shall be backfilled.
(b) Small Shafts in Hard Compact Soil.
Two-inch (nominal) cribbing may be used in square shafts not over 4 feet square in hard compact soil. Each member shall be cut 1/2 way through the width of the member and dovetailed into position so each member will act as a shore as well as lagging. Strips shall be nailed in each corner to prevent the boards from dropping down.
(c) Shafts in Other Than Hard Compact Soil.
(1) A system of lagging supported by braces and corner posts shall be used for square or rectangular shafts. Corner posts of 4-inch by 4-inch material are normally acceptable in shafts 4 feet square, or smaller, if they are braced in each direction with horizontal 4-inch by 4-inch members at intervals not exceeding 4 feet. Braces and corner posts in larger shafts shall be correspondingly larger as determined by a civil engineer.
(2) Round shafts shall be completely lagged with 2-inch material which is supported at intervals not greater than 4 feet by means of adjustable rings of metal or timber that are designed to resist the collapsing force, or cased in a manner that provides equivalent protection.
(d) Exploration Shafts. Only a geotechnical specialist shall be permitted to enter an exploration shaft without lagging, spiling or casing for the purpose of subsurface investigations under the following conditions:
(1) Initial Inspection. The type of materials and stability characteristics of the exploration shaft shall be personally observed and recorded by the geotechnical specialist during the drilling operation. Potentially unsafe exploration shafts shall not be entered.
(2) Surface Casing. The upper portion of the exploration shaft shall be equipped with a surface ring-collar to provide casing support of the material within the upper 4 feet of the exploration shaft. The ring-collar shall extend at least 1-foot above the ground surface.
(3) Gas Tests. Prior to entry into exploration shafts, tests and/or procedures shall be instituted to assure that the atmosphere within the shaft does not contain dangerous air contamination or oxygen deficiency. These tests and/or procedures shall be maintained while working within the shaft to assure that dangerous air contamination or oxygen deficiency will not occur. (See Section M156 of the General Industry Safety Orders.)
(4) Unstable Local Conditions. The geotechnical specialist shall not descend below any portion of any exploration shaft where caving or groundwater seepage is noted or suspected.
(5) Ladder and Cable Descents. A ladder may be used to inspect exploration shafts 20 feet or less in depth. In deeper exploration shafts, properly maintained mechanical hoisting devices with a safety factor of at least 6 shall be provided and used. Such devices shall be under positive control of the operator being positive powered up and down with fail-safe brakes.
(6) Emergency Standby Employee. An emergency standby employee shall be positioned at the surface near the exploration shaft opening whenever a geotechnical specialist is inside the shaft.
(7) Communication. A two-way, electrically-operated communication system shall be in operation between the standby employee and the geotechnical specialist whenever boring inspections are being made in exploration shafts over 20 feet in depth or when ambient noise levels make communication difficult.
(8) Safety Equipment. The following safety equipment shall be used to protect the geotechnical specialist:
(A) An approved safety harness which will suspend a person upright and that is securely attached to the hoist cable.
(B) A 12-inch to 18-inch diameter steel coneshaped headguard/deflector that is attached to the hoist cable above the harness.
(C) A hoist cable having a minimum diameter of 5/16 inches.
(D) Approved head protection. (See Section 1515.)

(9) Electrical Devices. All electrical devices used within the exploration shaft by the geotechnical specialist shall be approved for hazardous locations.
(10) Surface Hazards. The storage and use of flammable or other dangerous materials shall be controlled at the surface to prevent them from entering the exploration shaft.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1543. Cofferdams.
(a) If overtopping of the cofferdam by high waters is possible, means shall be provided for controlled flooding of the work area.
(b) Warning signs for evacuation of employees in case of emergency shall be developed and posted.
(c) Cofferdam walkways, bridges, or ramps with at least two means of rapid exit, shall be provided with guardrails as specified in Section 1620.
(d) Cofferdams located close to navigable shipping channels shall be protected from vessels in transit, where possible.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section142.3, Labor Code.

s 1544. Earthwork and Excavating.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1545. Overburden.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1546. Face Inspection and Control.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1547. Protection of Workers at the Face.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1548. Bins, Bunkers, and Hoppers.
(a) Every open bin, bunker, hopper, and dangerous equipment whose upper edge is less than 36 inches above the floor or working level shall be equipped with a standard railing around its edges, or a grating or grille shall cover the top. Where grille or grating is the only protection, it shall have no opening whose least dimension exceeds 10 inches. Where railings are used they may be temporarily removed to provide necessary working openings.
(b) The grating or grille shall be of strength sufficient to withstand any load that is customarily imposed upon it.
(c) Where bins, bunkers, or hoppers are loaded by backing an automotive truck to one edge, there shall be installed bumper stops not less than 10 by 10 inches, securely fastened in a manner to prevent the truck overrunning the runway. At least 8- by 8-inch timbers or equivalent shall be securely fastened along the sides of the runway to prevent a truck overrunning the sides of the runway.
(d) Open Top Bins.
(1) Where employees are permitted or required to work in or above open top bins over 8 feet in depth, an upper working area consisting of a platform or walkway shall be provided, and shall be guarded with a standard railing and toeboard.
(2) Personal fall arrest or restraint systems complying with the requirements of Section 1670 shall be provided and used by employees when above requirements are not met.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1549. Piling Material.
(a) Piles of brick, tile, masonry blocks, and similar material shall be stabilized against falling by the use of headers at least every sixth course. When a loose brick stack reaches a height of 4 feet, it shall be tapered back at least 2 inches in every foot of height above the 4-foot level. Brick stacks shall not be more than 7 feet in height. When masonry blocks are stacked higher than 6 feet, the stack shall be tapered back one-half block per tier above the 6-foot level.
(b) In piling bags of cement or other material more than 5 feet high, the face of the pile shall be tapered back (except where supported by walls or otherwise), or the sacks shall be so tied in horizontal layers as to prevent them from falling or collapsing.
(c) Piles of lumber, structural steel, and similar materials shall be maintained so that the stack is stable against falling or collapsing. Headers, crosspieces, or other means shall be used as needed in the pile to prevent slipping, tipping, or collapsing. Lumber piles shall not exceed 20 feet in height provided that lumber to be handled manually shall not be stacked more than 16 feet high.
(d) Sheetrock, plywood, trusses, and similar material shall not be stacked on edge unless positively secured against tipping or falling.
(e) Material inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within 6 feet of any hoistway or inside floor openings, nor within 10 feet of an exterior wall which does not extend above the top of the material unless the material is positively barricaded, placed, or secured to prevent it from falling.
(f) The maximum safe load limits of floors, or portions of floors, used for storage areas within buildings and structures, shall not be exceeded.
(g) Materials which may cause a hazardous reaction or unstable condition while in storage shall be segregated.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1550. Competency and Qualifications of Blasters.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 6710, Labor Code; and Section 12006, Health and Safety Code.

s 1551. Blaster's License -Qualifications.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1552. Blaster's License.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7991, Labor Code.

s 1553. Expiration and Renewal.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1554. Custody of Blaster's License.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1555. Blasting Accident Reports and Procedures.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1556. Suspension -Blaster's License.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1557. Labor Code Excerpts.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1560. Explosives -Place of Storage.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1561. Storage of Explosives.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 12006, Health and Safety Code.

s 1562. Construction and Use of Magazines.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1563. Construction and Use of Second-Class Magazines.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1564. Transportation of Explosive Materials.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1565. Handling and Use of Explosive Materials.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1566. Blasting Signals.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1567. Explosive Materials, Loading Machines, and Methods.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1568. Misfires.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1569. Secondary Blasting.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1570. Ammonium Nitrate.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1571. Fuse Blasting.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1571.1. Use of Detonating Cord.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1571.2. Underwater Blasting.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1571.3. Blasting in Excavation Work Under Compressed Air.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1572. Deteriorated or Damaged Explosives.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1573. Electric Blasting.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1573.1. Blasting with Light or Power Circuit.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1573.2. Permanent and Temporary Wiring for Electric Shot Firing.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1574. Use of Blasting Machine.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1575. Blasting with Battery.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1576. Short-Circuiting Bus Wires and Lead Wires.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1577. Tests.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1578. Retreat from and Return to Site.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1579. Electric Blasting in Proximity with Radio Transmitters.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1580. Electrical Storms.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

(Refer to Article 15 and Index for Additional Crane Orders)

For regulations pertaining to derricks, cranes, and boom-type excavators at
projects or operations to which the Construction Safety Orders apply, see Group
13 of the General Industry Safety Orders

s 1581. Scope.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1581.1. Derricks.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1581.2. Rated Load Marking.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1581.3. Hoisting Ropes.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1581.4. Access to Sheaves, Bearings, and Blocks.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1581.5. Derrick Signals.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582. Boom-Type Mobile Cranes.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.1. Operating Controls.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.2. Crane Boomstops.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.3. Load Rating Chart.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.4. Load Safety Devices.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.5. Operator's Cab.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.6. Access to Operator's Position, Machine House and/or Boom Blocks.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.7. Couplers.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.8. Boom Hoist Mechanisms.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.9. Load Hoist Drums.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.10. Load Hoist Brakes.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.11. Power-Controlled Lowering.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.12. Adjustments.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.13. Swing Control.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.14. Swing Brake and Locking Device.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.15. Travel Brakes and Locks.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.16. Sheave Guards.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.17. Warning Device.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.18. Wheel Guards.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.19. Truck Wedges or Jacks.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.20. Fire Extinguisher.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1582.21. Lighting.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1583. Cranes Used in Demolition Work.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1584. Climbing or Tower Cranes.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1584.1. Erection and Operation.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1584.2. Unattended Booms.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1584.3. Safety Devices.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1584.4. Electrical Grounding.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1584.5. Maintenance.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585. Hydraulic Cranes and Excavators.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.1. Hoist Mechanisms.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.2. Load Lowering.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.3. Boom Hoist and Supporting Mechanism.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.4. Swing Lock and Swing Brake.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.5. Controls.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.6. Brakes.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.7. Front-End Operating Equipment.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.8. Hydraulic Relief Valves.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1585.9. Hydraulic Hose, Fittings, and Tubing Inspection.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1586. Barge Mounted Cranes.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1586.1. Permanently Mounted Floating Cranes and Derricks.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1586.2. Life Buoys.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587. Operating Rules.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.1. Traveling.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.2. Boom Assembly.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.3. Swinging.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.4. Hoisting.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.5. Slide Areas.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.6. Driver's Position.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.7. Crane Capacity.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.8. Fire Extinguisher.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.9. Refueling.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.10. Handling Loads.

s 1587.11. Limit Switches.

s 1587.12. Signals.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.13. Overhead Loads.

Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.14. High Voltage.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1587.15. Operational Testing.

s 1588. Operators -Qualifications.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.1. Operating Practices.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.2. Certificate of Operation of Power-Operated Cranes, Derricks, and Cableways.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.3. Unit Proof Test and Examination of Cranes and Their Accessory Gear.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.4. Unit Proof Test and Examination of Derricks and Their Accessory Gear.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.5. Certificates.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.6. Inspection.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.7. Maintenance.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.8. Adjustments and Repairs.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1588.9. Damaged Booms.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1589. Loading or Lifting Devices.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

(Applicable Orders included in this Article shall apply to such equipment as
haulage vehicles, scrapers, loaders, crawler or wheeled tractors, bulldozers,
graders and similar equipment)

s 1590. Haulage and Earth Moving, General.
(a) Private Roadways and Off-Highway Conditions.
(1) Single-lane private roads with two-way traffic shall be provided with turnouts. Where turnouts are not practicable, a control system shall be provided to prevent vehicles from meeting on such single-lane roads.
(2) On private roads used for two-way traffic, arrangements shall be such that vehicles travel on the right side as much as possible. Signs shall be posted to clearly indicate variations from this system. Where practicable, separate haulage roads shall be provided between loaded and empty units. Haulage roads shall be wide enough to allow for safe passage. Safe distances between moving units shall be maintained.
Note: Left hand traffic patterns are permitted provided that vehicle operators are advised of the pattern and job site conditions warrant that the procedure is safe.
(3) Private roads shall be maintained free from holes and ruts that affect the safe control of the vehicle. Every emergency access ramp and berm used by an employer shall be constructed to restrain and control runaway vehicles.
(4) Where a hazard exists to employees because of traffic or haulage conditions, a system of traffic controls shall be required so as to abate the hazard. (See Section 1598(b)).
Note: Nothing in this subsection shall preclude the use of additional signs that are not included in the Manual referenced in Section 1598(b). Examples: "Haul Road," "Left Hand Pattern," "Scraper Crossing," etc.

(5) Employees, such as grade-checkers, surveyors and others exposed to vehicular traffic, shall wear flagging garments, or equivalent, as required for flaggers. (See Section 1598(c)).
Note: See Index No. 5-07 of the Manual referenced in Section 1598.
(b) Dust Control. Action shall be taken to prevent dust from seriously reducing visibility. In dusty operations, equipment operators shall use adequate respiratory protection.
(c) Equipment Control.
(1) Equipment shall be under control at all times and shall be kept in gear when descending grades.
(2) No vehicle shall be driven at a speed greater than is reasonable and proper, with due regard for weather, traffic, intersections, width and character of the roadway, type of motor vehicle, and any other existing conditions.
(d) Exhaust. Arrangements shall be made to direct exhaust gases away from the operator's breathing zone.
(e) Heat Shields. When push-tractors are working in tandem, heat shields, or equivalent protection, shall be provided for operators.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1591. Haulage Vehicles, Equipment-Construction and Maintenance.
(a) Windshields complying with the applicable provisions of the Vehicle Code shall be provided and maintained on haulage vehicles and scrapers.
(b) Equipment and accessories installed on haulage vehicles shall be arranged so as to avoid impairing the driver's operational vision to the front or sides.
(c) Brakes, General. Service brake systems for self-propelled, rubber-tired, off-highway equipment manufactured before January 1, 1972 (for scrapers January 1, 1971) shall meet minimum performance criteria for service brake systems as set forth in the Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practices listed below. Service, emergency and parking brake systems for self-propelled, rubber-tired, off-highway equipment manufactured after January 1, 1972 (for scrapers January 1, 1971) shall meet the applicable minimum performance criteria for each system as set forth in the same Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practices:

Self-Propelled Graders........... SAE J236-1971
Trucks and Wagons................ SAE J166-1971
Front-End Loaders & Dozers....... SAE J237-1971
Self-Propelled Scrapers.......... SAEJ319b-1971

Note: Equipment that meets the performance criteria of SAE Recommended Practice J1152-APR 1980, Braking Performance -Rubber-Tired Construction Machines, satisfies the requirements of this Section.
(d) Air Tank Service. Liquids should be drained automatically from vehicle's compressed air tanks, but if such automatic equipment is not provided, the tanks shall be drained manually at least once each operating shift.
(e) Cab Shield. Haulage vehicles, whose pay load is loaded by means of cranes, power shovels, loaders, or similar equipment, shall have a cab shield and/or canopy adequate to protect the operator from shifting or falling materials.
(f) Fenders. Fenders complying with the following standards from SAE Recommended Practice J321, November, 1967 or J321b April, 1978, shall be provided on new scrapers, carryalls, related power units, and trailed hauling units manufactured and placed into service after January 1, 1971.
(g) Lights. Whenever visibility conditions warrant additional light, all vehicles, or combinations of vehicles, in use shall be equipped with at least two headlights and two taillights in operable condition.
(h) Canopy. Crawler tractors, bulldozers, carryalls and similar equipment manufactured and used prior to April 1, 1971, except for scrapers, front-end loaders and new equipment covered by 1596, shall have canopy protection and seat belts for the operator when used where there is exposure to falling or rolling objects.
(i) Operating Levers. Operating levers controlling hoisting or dumping devices on haulage bodies shall be equipped with a latch or other device which will prevent accidental starting or tripping of the mechanism.
(j) Trip Handles. Trip handles for tailgates of dump trucks shall be so arranged that in dumping, the operator will not be exposed either to the hazard of being struck by falling material or any part of the truck.
(k) Dump Bodies. Haulage vehicles equipped with dump bodies that tilt to release their load by gravity through an opening at the rear or side shall be provided with a device that gives the operator a clearly audible or visible warning when sufficient force is applied by the elevating mechanism to cause or sustain dump body elevation.
( l) Hazard Signals. Tractor-scrapers (self-propelled) pushed by other equipment during loading operations shall be provided with a clearly audible or visible warning device that can be activated by the operator of the tractor-scraper to communicate an "ALL STOP" warning to the pushing equipment in event of an emergency.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1592. Warning Methods.
(a) Every vehicle with a haulage capacity of 2 1/2 cubic yards or more used to haul dirt, rock, concrete, or other construction material shall be equipped with a warning device that operates automatically while the vehicle is backing. The warning sound shall be of such magnitude that it will normally be audible from a distance of 200 feet and will sound immediately on backing. In congested areas or areas with high ambient noise which obscures the audible alarm, a signaler, in clear view of the operator, shall direct the backing operation.
(b) Those vehicles not subject to 1592(a) and operating in areas where their backward movement would constitute a hazard to employees working in the area on foot, and where the operator's vision is obstructed to the rear of the vehicle shall be equipped with an effective device or method to safeguard employees such as:
(1) An automatic back-up audible alarm which would sound immediately on backing, or
(2) An automatic braking device at the rear of the vehicle that will apply the service brake immediately on contact with any obstruction to the rear, or
(3) In lieu of 1 or 2 above, administrative controls shall be established such as:
(A) A spotter or flagger in clear view of the operator who shall direct the backing operation, or
(B) Other procedures which will require the operator to dismount and circle the vehicle immediately prior to starting a back-up operation, or

(C) Prohibiting all foot traffic in the work area.
(4) Other means shall be provided that will furnish safety equivalent to the foregoing for personnel working in the area.
(c) All vehicles shall be equipped with a manually operated warning device which can be clearly heard from a distance of 200 feet.
(d) The operator of all vehicles shall not leave the controls of the vehicle while it is moving under its own engine power.
(e) Hauling or earth moving operations shall be controlled in such a manner as to ensure that equipment or vehicle operators know of the presence of rootpickers, spotters, lab technicians, surveyors, or other workers on foot in the areas of their operations .

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 1593. Haulage Vehicle Operation.
(a) Vehicles shall not be operated at speeds which will endanger the driver or traffic.
(b) Haulage vehicles shall be under positive control during all periods of operation. When descending grades, the vehicles shall be kept in gear.
(c) When wire rope is being wound on a power-driven drum, a mechanical threading device shall be used, where practicable, to guide the cable. When this operation must be done manually, the feet shall not be used and the hands shall be kept at least 3 feet from the drum.
(d) All vehicles in use shall be checked at the beginning of each shift to assure that the following parts, equipment, and accessories are in safe operating condition and free of apparent damage that could cause failure while in use: service brakes, including trailer brake connections; parking system (hand brake); emergency stopping system (brake); tires; horn; steering mechanism; coupling devices; seat belts; operating controls; and safety devices. All defects affecting safe operation shall be corrected before the vehicle is placed in service. These requirements also apply to equipment such as lights, reflectors, windshield wipers, defrosters, fire extinguishers, etc., where such equipment is necessary.
(e) Exhaust Gases. Vehicle engines shall not be allowed to run in closed garages or other enclosed places, unless vents are provided which effectively remove the exhaust gases from the building.
(f) Securing Loads. Loads on vehicles shall be secured against displacement.
(g) Tire Repair. Except for emergency field repairs, a safety tire rack, cage, or equivalent protection shall be used when inflating truck or equipment tires after mounting on a rim, if such tires depend upon a locking ring or similar device to hold them on the rim. (continued)