Loading (50 kb)...'
(continued)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Appendix B
Sloping and Benching
(a) Scope and application. This appendix contains specifications for sloping and benching when used as methods of protecting employees working in excavations from cave-ins. The requirements of this appendix apply when the design of sloping and benching protective systems is to be performed in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 1541.1(b).
(b) Definitions.
Actual slope means the slope to which an excavation face is excavated.
Distress means that the soil is in a condition where a cave-in is imminent or is likely to occur. Distress is evidenced by such phenomena as the development of fissures in the face of or adjacent to an open excavation; the subsidence of the edge of an excavation; the slumping of material from the face or the bulging or heaving of material from the bottom of an excavation; the spalling of material from the face of an excavation; and ravelling, i.e., small amounts of material such as pebbles or little clumps of material suddenly separating from the face of an excavation and trickling or rolling down into the excavation.
Maximum allowable slope means the steepest incline of an excavation face that is acceptable for the most favorable site conditions as protection against cave-ins, and is expressed as the ratio of horizontal distance to vertical rise (H:V),
Short term exposure means a period of time less than or equal to 24 hours that an excavation is open.
(c) Requirements.
(1) Soil classification. Soil and rock deposits shall be classified in accordance with Appendix A to Section 1541.1.
(2) Maximum allowable slope. The maximum allowable slope for a soil or rock deposit shall be determined from Table B-1 of this appendix.
(3) Actual slope.
(A) The actual slope shall not be steeper than the maximum allowable slope.
(B) The actual slope shall be less steep than the maximum allowable slope, when there are signs of distress. If that situation occurs, the slope shall be cut back to an actual slope which is at least 1/2 horizontal to one vertical (1/2H:1V) less steep than the maximum allowable slope.
(C) When surcharge loads from stored material or equipment, operating equipment, or traffic are present, a competent person shall determine the degree to which the actual slope must be reduced below the maximum allowable slope, and shall assure that such reduction is achieved. Surcharge loads from adjacent structures shall be evaluated in accordance with Section 1541(i).
(4) Configurations. Configurations of sloping and benching systems shall be in accordance with Figure B-1.
TABLE B-1
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SLOPES
NOTES:
1. Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes are angles expressed in degrees from the horizontal. Angles have been rounded off.
2. A short-term maximum allowable slope of 1/2H:1V (63 degrees) is allowed in excavations in Type A soil that are 12 feet or less in depth. Short-term maximum allowable slopes for excavations greater than 12 feet in depth shall be 3/4H:1V (53 degrees).
3. Sloping or benching for excavations greater than 20 feet deep shall be designed by a registered professional engineer.
FIGURE B-1
SLOPE CONFIGURATIONS
(All slopes stated below are in the horizontal to vertical ratio)
B - 1.1 Excavations made in Type A soil.
1. All simple slope excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall gave a maximum allowable slope of 3/4:1.
Exception: Simple slope excavations which are open 24 hours or less (short term) and which are 12 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1/2:1.
2. All benched excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 3/4 to 1 and maximum bench dimensions as follows:
3. All excavations 8 feet or less in depth which have unsupported vertically sided lower portions shall have a maximum vertical side 3 1/2 feet.
All excavations more than 8 feet but not more than 12 feet in depth with unsupported vertically sided lower portions shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1 and a maximum vertical side of 3 1/2 feet.
All excavations 20 feet or less in depth which have vertically sided lower portions that are supported or shielded shall have a maximum allowable slope of 3/4:1. The support or shield system must extend at least 18 inches above the top of the vertical side.
4. All other simple slope, compound slope, and vertically sided lower portion excavations shall be in accordance with the other options permitted under 1541.1(b).
B - 1.2 Excavations Made in Type B Soil
1. All simple slope excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1.
2. All benched excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1 and maximum bench dimensions as follows:
3. All excavations 20 feet or less in depth which have vertically sided lower portions shall be shielded or supported to a height at least 18 inches above the top of the vertical side. All such excavations shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1:1.
Vertically Sided Lower Portion
4. All other sloped excavations shall be in accordance with the other options permitted in 1541.1(b).
B - 1.3 Excavations Made in Type C Soil
1. All simple slope excavations 20 feet or less in depth shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1 1/2:1.
2. All excavations 20 feet or less in depth which have vertically sided lower portions shall be shielded or supported to a height at least 18 inches above the top of the vertical side. All such excavations shall have a maximum allowable slope of 1 1/2:1.
Vertically Sided Lower Portion
3. All other sloped excavations shall be in accordance with the other options permitted in 1541.1(b).
B - 1.4 Excavations Made in Layered Soil
1. All excavations 20 feet or less in depth made in layered soils shall have a maximum allowable slope for each layer as set forth below:
2. All other sloped excavations shall be in accordance with the other options permitted in 1541.1(b).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Appendix C
Timber Shoring for Trenches
(a) Scope. This appendix contains information that can be used when timber shoring is provided as a method of protection from cave-ins in trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth. This appendix must be used when design of timber shoring protective systems is to be performed in accordance with Section 1541.1(c)(1). Other timber shoring configurations; other systems of support such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems; and other protective systems such as sloping, benching, shielding, and freezing systems must be designed in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 1541.1(b) and 1541.1(c).
(b) Soil Classification. In order to use the data presented in this appendix, the soil type or types in which the excavation is made must first be determined using the soil classification method set forth in Article 6.
(c) Presentation of Information.
Information is presented in several forms as follows:
(1) Information is presented in tabular form in Tables C-1.1, C-1.2 and C-1.3, and Tables C-2.1, C-2.2 and C-2.3 following Section (g) of Appendix C. Each table presents the minimum sizes of timber members to use in a shoring system, and each table contains data only for the particular soil type in which the excavation or portion of the excavation is made. The data are arranged to allow the user the flexibility to select from among several acceptable configurations of members based on varying the horizontal spacing of the crossbraces. Stable rock is exempt from shoring requirements and therefore, no data are presented for this condition.
(2) Information concerning the basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is presented in Section (d) of this appendix, and on the tables themselves.
(3) Information explaining the use of the tabular data is presented in Section (e) of this appendix.
(4) Information illustrating the use of the tabular data is presented in Section (f) of this appendix.
(5) Miscellaneous notations regarding Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3 and Tables C-2.1 through C-2.3 are presented in Section (g) of this appendix.
(d) Basis and limitations of the data.
(1) Dimensions of timber members.
(A) The sizes of the timber members listed in Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3 are taken from the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) report, "Recommended Technical Provisions for Construction Practice in Shoring and Sloping of Trenches and Excavations." In addition, where NBS did not recommend specific sizes of members, member sizes are based on an analysis of the sizes required for use by existing codes and on empirical practice.
(B) The required dimensions of the members listed in Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3 refer to actual dimensions and not nominal dimensions of the timber. Employers wanting to use nominal size shoring are directed to Tables C-2.1 through C-2.3, or have this choice under Section 1541.1(c)(3).
(2) Limitation of application.
(A) It is not intended that the timber shoring specification apply to every situation that may be experienced in the field. These data were developed to apply to the situations that are most commonly experienced in current trenching practice. Shoring systems for use in situations that are not covered by the data in this appendix must be designed as specified in Section 1541.1(c).
(B) When any of the following conditions are present, the members specified in the tables are not considered adequate. Either an alternate timber shoring system must be designed or another type of protective system designed in accordance with Section 1541.1.
1. When loads imposed by structures or by stored material adjacent to the trench weigh in excess of the load imposed by a two-foot soil surcharge. The term "adjacent" as used here means the area within a horizontal distance from the edge of the trench equal to the depth of the trench.
2. When vertical loads imposed on crossbraces exceed a 240-pound gravity load distributed on a one-foot section of the center of the crossbrace.
3. When surcharge loads are present from equipment weighing in excess of 20,000 pounds.
4. When only the lower portion of a trench is shored and the remaining portion of the trench is sloped or benched unless: The sloped portion is sloped at an angle less steep than three horizontal to one vertical; or the members are selected from the tables for use at a depth which is determined from the top of the overall trench, and not from the toe of the sloped portion.
(e) Use of Tables. The members of the shoring system that are to be selected using this information are the crossbraces, the uprights, and the wales, where wales are required. Minimum sizes of members are specified for use in different types of soil. There are six tables of information, two for each soil type. The soil type must first be determined in accordance with the soil classification system described in Appendix A. Using the appropriate table, the selection of the size and spacing of the members is then made. The selection is based on the depth and width of the trench where the members are to be installed and, in most instances, the selection is also based on the horizontal spacing of the crossbraces. Instances where a choice of horizontal spacing of crossbracing is available, the horizontal spacing of the crossbraces must be chosen by the user before the size of any member can be determined. When the soil type, the width and depth of the trench, and the horizontal spacing of the crossbraces, the size and vertical spacing of the crossbraces are known, the size and vertical spacing of the crossbraces, the size and vertical spacing of the wales, and the size and horizontal spacing of the uprights can be read from the appropriate table.
(f) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3.
(1) Example 1.
A trench dug in Type A soil is 13 feet deep and five feet wide. From Table C-1.1, four acceptable arrangements of timber can be used.
Arrangement #1
Space 4X4 crossbraces at six feet horizontally and four feet vertically. Wales are not required.
Space 3X8 uprights at six feet horizontally. This arrangement is commonly called "skip shoring."
Arrangement #2
Space 4X6 crossbraces at eight feet horizontally and four feet vertically.
Space 8X8 wales at four feet vertically.
Space 2X6 uprights at four feet horizontally.
Arrangement #3
Space 6X6 crossbraces at 10 feet horizontally and four feet vertically.
Space 8X10 wales at four feet vertically.
Space 2X6 uprights at five feet horizontally.
Arrangement #4
Space 6X6 crossbraces at 12 feet horizontally and four feet vertically.
Space 10X10 wales at four feet vertically.
Space 3X8 uprights at six feet horizontally.
(2) Example 2.
A trench dug in Type B soil is 13 feet deep and five feet wide. From Table C-1.2 three acceptable arrangements of members are listed.
Arrangement #1
Space 6X6 crossbraces at six feet horizontally and five feet vertically.
Space 8X8 wales at five feet vertically.
Space 2X6 uprights at two feet horizontally.
Arrangement #2
Space 6X8 crossbraces at eight feet horizontally and five feet vertically.
Space 10X10 wales at five feet vertically.
Space 2X6 uprights at two feet horizontally.
Arrangement #3
Space 8X8 crossbraces at 10 feet horizontally and five feet vertically.
Space 10X12 wales at five feet vertically.
Space 2X6 uprights at two feet vertically.
(3) Example 3.
A trench dug in Type C soil is 13 feet deep and five feet wide.
From Table C-1.3 two acceptable arrangements of members can be used.
Arrangement #1
Space 8X8 crossbraces at six feet horizontally and five feet vertically.
Space 10X12 wales at five feet vertically.
Position 2X6 uprights as closely together as possible.
If water must be retained use special tongue and groove uprights to form tight sheeting.
Arrangement #2
Space 8X10 crossbraces at eight feet horizontally and five feet vertically.
Space 12X12 wales at five feet vertically.
Position 2X6 uprights in a close sheeting configuration unless water pressure must be resisted. Tight sheeting must be used where water must be retained.
(4) Example 4.
A trench dug in Type C soil is 20 feet deep and 11 feet wide. The size and spacing of members for the section of trench that is over 15 feet in depth is determined using Table C-1.3. Only one arrangement of members is provided.
Space 8X10 crossbraces at six feet horizontally and five feet vertically.
Space 12X12 wales at five feet vertically.
Use 3X6 tightsheeting.
Use of Tables C-2.1 through C-2.3 would follow the same procedures.
(g) Notes for all Tables.
1. Members sizes at spacings other than indicated are to be determined as specified in Section 1541.1(c), "Design of Protective Systems."
2. When conditions are saturated or submerged use Tight Sheeting. Tight Sheeting refers to the use of specially-edged timber planks (e.g., tongue and groove) at least three inches thick, steel sheet piling, or similar construction that when driven or placed in position provide a tight wall to resist the lateral pressure of water and to prevent the loss of backfill material. Close Sheeting refers to the placement of planks side-by-side allowing as little space as possible between them.
3. All spacing indicated is measured center to center.
4.. Wales to be installed with greater dimension horizontal.
5. If the vertical distance from the center of the lowest crossbrace to the bottom of the trench exceeds two and one-half feet, uprights shall be firmly embedded or a mudsill shall be used. Where uprights are embedded, the vertical distance from the center of the lowest crossbrace to the bottom of the trench shall not exceed 36 inches. When mudsills are used, the vertical distance shall not exceed 42 inches. Mudsills are wales that are installed at the toe of the trench side.
6. Trench jacks may be used in lieu of or in combination with timber crossbraces.
7. Placement of crossbraces. When the vertical spacing of crossbraces is four feet, place the top crossbrace no more than two feet below the top of the trench. When the vertical spacing of crossbraces is five feet, place the top crossbrace no more than 2.5 feet below the top of the trench.
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following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
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DEPTH OF HORIZ.
TRENCH SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
-------------------------
5 ............. UP TO 6 .
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TO ............ UP TO 8 .
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10 ........... UP TO 10 .
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UP TO 12 .
-------------------------
10 ............ UP TO 6 .
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TO ............ UP TO 8 .
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15 ........... UP TO 10 .
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UP TO 12 .
-------------------------
15 ............ UP TO 6 .
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TO ............ UP TO 8 .
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20 ........... UP TO 10 .
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UP TO 12 .
-------------------------
OVER 20 ... SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
1...+...10....+...20....+
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TABLE C-1.1
TIMBER TRENCH SHORING-MINIMUM TIMBER REQUIREMENTS [FNa1]
SOIL TYPE A PA=25xH+72 PSF (2 FT. SURCHARGE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE (ACTUAL) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS [FNa2]
-------------------------------------------------------------
CROSS BRACES WALES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIDTH OF TRENCH (FEET)
--------------------------------------- -
UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO VERT. SIZE VERT.
4 6 9 12 15 SPACING (IN) SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... NOT
REG'D ......... -- ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... NOT
REG'D ......... -- ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... NOT
REG'D ......... -- ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x5 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .......... 4 .... 8x10 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .......... 4 ... 10x10 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .......... 4 ..... 6x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .. 8x10 .......... 4 .... 8x10 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .. 8x10 .......... 4 ... 10x10 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26.......+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0...
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------
UPRIGHTS
----------------------------------
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE HORIZONTAL
SPACING (FEET)
----------------------------------
CLOSE 4 5 6 8
----------------------------------
....................... 2x6
----------------------------------
.............................. 2x8
----------------------------------
................ 2x6
----------------------------------
....................... 2x6
----------------------------------
....................... 3x8
----------------------------------
......... 2x6
----------------------------------
................ 2x6
----------------------------------
....................... 3x8
----------------------------------
.. 3x6
----------------------------------
.. 3x6
----------------------------------
.. 3x6
----------------------------------
.. 3x6
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
104..10....+...20....+...30....+..
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[FNa1] MIXED OAK OR EQUIVALENT WITH A BENDING STRENGTH NOT LESS THAN 850 PSI.
[FNa]2 MANUFACTURED MEMBERS OF EQUIVALENT STRENGTH MAY BY SUBSTITUTED FOR WOOD.
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....
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divided into multiple pieces with each piece containing information to help you
assemble a printout of the table. The information for each piece includes: (1)
a three line message preceding the tabular data showing by line # and
character # the position of the upper left-hand corner of the piece and the
position of the piece within the entire table; and (2) a numeric scale
following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
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TIMBER TRENCH
-------------------------------------------------
--------
CROSS BRACES
-------------------------------------
WIDTH OF TRENCH
------------------------
DEPTH OF HORIZ. UP TO UP TO UP TO
TRENCH SPACING 4 6 9
(FEET) (FEET)
-------------------------------------------------
5 ............. UP TO 6 ... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 .
-------------------------------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .
-------------------------------------
10 ........... UP TO 10 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .
-------------------------------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------------------------------
--------
CROSS BRACES
-------------------------------------
WIDTH OF TRENCH
------------------------
10 ............ UP TO 6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .
-------------------------------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .
-------------------------------------
15 ........... UP TO 10 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .
-------------------------------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------------------------------
15 ............ UP TO 6 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .
-------------------------------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .
-------------------------------------
20 ........... UP TO 10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 .
-------------------------------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------------------------------
OVER 20 ... SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------------------------------
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...5
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TABLE C-1.2
SHORING-MINIMUM TIMBER REQUIREMENTS [FNa1]
SOIL TYPE B PA=45xH+72 PSF (2 FT. SURCHARGE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE (ACTUAL) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS [FNa2]
-------------------------------------------------------------
WALES UPRIGHTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(FEET) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
HORIZONTAL SPACING
(FEET)
---------------- ------------------------
UP TO UPTO 15 VERT. SIZE VERT. CLOSE
12 SPACING (IN) SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 6x6 ..... 6x6 .......... 5 ..... 6x8 .......... 5 .................. 2x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 6x8 ..... 6x8 .......... 5 .... 8x10 .......... 5 .................. 2x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 6x8 ..... 6x8 .......... 5 ... 10x10 .......... 5 .................. 2x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE (ACTUAL) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS**
-------------------------------------------------------------
WALES UPRIGHTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(FEET) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
HORIZONTAL SPACING
(FEET)
---------------- ------------------------
.. 6x8 ..... 6x8 .......... 5 ..... 8x8 .......... 5 ........... 2x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 6x8 ..... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 10x10 .......... 5 ........... 2x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 8x8 .... 8x10 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5 ........... 2x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 8x8 ..... 8x8 .......... 5 .... 8x10 .......... 5 .... 3x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 8x8 .... 8x10 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5 .... 3x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. 8x10 ... 10x10 .......... 5 ... 12x12 .......... 5 .... 3x6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50..+...60....+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0....+...10....+...20....+...
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[FNa1] MIXED OAK OR EQUIVALENT WITH A BENDING STRENGTH NOT LESS THAN 850 PSI.
[FNa]2 MANUFACTURED MEMBERS OF EQUIVALENT STRENGTH MAY BY SUBSTITUTED FOR WOOD.
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....
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You must print it for a meaningful review of its contents. The table has been
divided into multiple pieces with each piece containing information to help you
assemble a printout of the table. The information for each piece includes: (1)
a three line message preceding the tabular data showing by line # and
character # the position of the upper left-hand corner of the piece and the
position of the piece within the entire table; and (2) a numeric scale
following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
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******** This is piece 1. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 1. ********
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-------------------------
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DEPTH OF HORIZ.
TRENCH SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
-------------------------
5 ............. UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
10 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
10 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
15 ......... SEE NOTE 1
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
15 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ......... SEE NOTE 1
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20 ......... SEE NOTE 1
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
OVER 20 ... SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
1...+...10....+...20....+
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TABLE C-1.3
TIMBER TRENCH SHORING-MINIMUM TIMBER REQUIREMENTS [FNa1]
SOIL TYPE C PA=80xH+72 PSF (2 FT. SURCHARGE)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE (ACTUAL) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS [FNa2]
------------------------------------------------------------
CROSS BRACES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIDTH OF TRENCH (FEET)
---------------------------------------
UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO VERT. SIZE VERT.
4 6 9 12 15 SPACING (IN) SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 .... 8x10 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .. 8x10 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 8x10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 . 10x10 .......... 5 ... 12x12 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .. 8x10 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 8x10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 . 10x10 .......... 5 ... 12x12 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. 8x10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 .. 8x10 . 10x10 .......... 5 ... 12x12 .......... 5 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
26.......+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0..
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-------
UPRIGHTS
------------------
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
HORIZONTAL
SPACING
(FEET)(SEE NOTE
2)
------------------
CLOSE
------------------
... 2x6
------------------
... 2x6
------------------
... 2x6
------------------
------------------
... 2x6
------------------
... 2x6
------------------
------------------
------------------
... 3x6
------------------
------------------
------------------
------------------
------------------
103...10....+...20
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[FNa1] MIXED OAK OR EQUIVALENT WITH A BENDING STRENGTH NOT LESS THAN 850 PSI.
[FNa]2 MANUFACTURED MEMBERS OF EQUIVALENT STRENGTH MAY BY SUBSTITUTED FOR WOOD.
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....
[Note: The following TABLE/FORM is too wide to be displayed on one screen.
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divided into multiple pieces with each piece containing information to help you
assemble a printout of the table. The information for each piece includes: (1)
a three line message preceding the tabular data showing by line # and
character # the position of the upper left-hand corner of the piece and the
position of the piece within the entire table; and (2) a numeric scale
following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
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******** This is piece 1. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 1. ********
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DEPTH OF HORIZ.
TRENCH SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
-------------------------
5 ............. UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
10 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
UP TO 12 .
-------------------------
10 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
15 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
UP TO 12 .
-------------------------
15 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
20 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
UP TO 12 .
-------------------------
OVER 20 ... SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
1...+...10....+...20....+
*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 2. -- It begins at character 26 of table line 1. ********
*******************************************************************************
TABLE C-2.1
TIMBER TRENCH SHORING-MINIMUM TIMBER REQUIREMENTS [FNa1]
SOIL TYPE A PA=25xH+72 PSF (2 FT. SURCHARGE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE (S4S) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS [FNa2]
-------------------------------------------------------------
CROSS BRACES WALES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIDTH OF TRENCH (FEET)
--------------------------------------- -
UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO VERT. SIZE VERT.
4 6 9 12 15 SPACING (IN) SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x6 .......... 4 ..... NOT
REG'D .. NOT REQ'D ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x6 ... 4x6 .......... 4 ..... NOT
REG'D .. NOT REG'D ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 4x4 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... NOT
REG'D .. NOT REG'D ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 6x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 .... 8x10 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 6x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 4 ..... 8x8 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 .......... 4 .... 8x10 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .......... 4 .... 8x12 .......... 4 ..
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26.......+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0...
*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 3. -- It begins at character 104 of table line 1. *******
*******************************************************************************
----------------------------------
------
UPRIGHTS
----------------------------------
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE HORIZONTAL
SPACING (FEET)
----------------------------------
CLOSE 4 5 6 8
----------------------------------
....................... 4x6
----------------------------------
.............................. 4x8
----------------------------------
................ 4x6
----------------------------------
....................... 4x6
----------------------------------
...................... 4x10
----------------------------------
......... 4x6
----------------------------------
................ 4x8
----------------------------------
......... 4x6 ........ 4x10
----------------------------------
.. 3x6
----------------------------------
.. 3x6 . 4x12
----------------------------------
.. 3x6
----------------------------------
.. 3x6 . 4x12
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
104..10....+...20....+...30....+..
*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 4. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 45. ********
*******************************************************************************
[FNa1] DOUGLAS FIR OR EQUIVALENT WITH A BENDING STRENGTH NOT LESS THAN 1500
PSI.
[FNa]2 MANUFACTURED MEMBERS OF EQUIVALENT STRENGTH MAY BY SUBSTITUTED FOR WOOD.
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....
[Note: The following TABLE/FORM is too wide to be displayed on one screen.
You must print it for a meaningful review of its contents. The table has been
divided into multiple pieces with each piece containing information to help you
assemble a printout of the table. The information for each piece includes: (1)
a three line message preceding the tabular data showing by line # and
character # the position of the upper left-hand corner of the piece and the
position of the piece within the entire table; and (2) a numeric scale
following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
*******************************************************************************
******** This is piece 1. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 1. ********
*******************************************************************************
-------------------------
-------------
DEPTH OF HORIZ.
TRENCH SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
-------------------------
5 ............. UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
10 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
10 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
15 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
15 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
20 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
OVER 20 ... SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
1...+...10....+...20....+
*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 2. -- It begins at character 26 of table line 1. ********
*******************************************************************************
TABLE C-2.2
TIMBER TRENCH SHORING-MINIMUM TIMBER REQUIREMENTS [FNa1]
SOIL TYPE B PA=45xH+72 PSF (2 FT. SURCHARGE)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE (S4S) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS [FNa2]
-----------------------------------------------------------
CROSS BRACES WALES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIDTH OF TRENCH (FEET)
---------------------------------------
UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO UP TO VERT. SIZE VERT.
4 6 9 12 15 SPACING (IN) SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 5 ..... 6x8 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 .......... 5 ..... 8x8 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 4x6 ... 4x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 .......... 5 .... 8x10 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x6 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 .......... 5 ..... 8x8 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 10x10 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 .... 8x10 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 6x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 10x12 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 ... 8x8 .......... 5 ... 12x12 .......... 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
26.......+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0.
*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 3. -- It begins at character 102 of table line 1. *******
*******************************************************************************
-------------------------------------
--------
UPRIGHTS
-------------------------------------
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE HORIZONTAL SPACING
(FEET)
------------------------------------
CLOSE 2 3 4 6
-------------------------------------
................. 3x12 ......... 4x12
4x8
-------------------------------------
........... 3x8 ......... 4x8
-------------------------------------
.................. 4x8
-------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
.... 3x6 . 4x10
-------------------------------------
.... 3x6 . 4x10
-------------------------------------
.... 3x6 . 4x10
-------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
.... 4x6
-------------------------------------
.... 4x6
-------------------------------------
.... 4x6
-------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
102....10....+...20....+...30....+...
*******************************************************************************
******* This is piece 4. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 43. ********
*******************************************************************************
[FNa1] DOUGLAS FIR OR EQUIVALENT WITH A BENDING STRENGTH NOT LESS THAN 1500
PSI.
[FNa]2 MANUFACTURED MEMBERS OF EQUIVALENT STRENGTH MAY BY SUBSTITUTED FOR WOOD.
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....
[Note: The following TABLE/FORM is too wide to be displayed on one screen.
You must print it for a meaningful review of its contents. The table has been
divided into multiple pieces with each piece containing information to help you
assemble a printout of the table. The information for each piece includes: (1)
a three line message preceding the tabular data showing by line # and
character # the position of the upper left-hand corner of the piece and the
position of the piece within the entire table; and (2) a numeric scale
following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
*******************************************************************************
******** This is piece 1. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 1. ********
*******************************************************************************
-------------------------
-------------
DEPTH OF HORIZ.
TRENCH SPACING
(FEET) (FEET)
-------------------------
5 ............. UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
10 ........... UP TO 10 .
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
10 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ............ UP TO 8 .
-------------
15 ......... SEE NOTE 1
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------
15 ............ UP TO 6 .
-------------
TO ......... SEE NOTE 1
-------------
20 ......... SEE NOTE 1
-------------
SEE NOTE 1
-------------------------OVER 20 ... SEE NOTE 1 (continued)