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s 5360. Storage.
(a) Ammonium nitrate shall be in a separate building or shall be separated by fire walls constructed to be of not less than one hour fire-resistance rating from storage of organic chemicals, acids or other corrosive materials, materials that may require blasting during processing or handling, compressed flammable gases, flammable and combustible materials or other contaminating substances. Walls referred to in this Section need extend only to the underside of the roof. In lieu of separation walls, ammonium nitrate may be separated from these materials by a space of at least 30 feet and if necessary, sills or curbs shall be provided to prevent mixing.
(b) Flammable and combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, solvents and light fuel oils shall not be stored on the premises except when such storage conforms to Articles 135 and 141 of these orders and when walls and sills or curbs are provided in accordance with subsection (a) of this Section.
(c) Sulfur and finely divided metals shall not be stored in the same building with ammonium nitrate except when such storage conforms to the requirements of subsection (a) of this Section.
(d) Explosive materials shall not be stored in the same building with ammonium nitrate except on the premises of makers, distributors and user-compounders of explosive materials.
(e) Quantities of 2,500 tons or more of bagged ammonium nitrate shall not be stored in buildings or structures unless equipped with automatic sprinkler systems. Sprinkler protection shall be required for the storage of less than 2,500 tons of ammonium nitrate where location of the building or the presence of other stored materials presents a fire or detonation hazard. Sprinkler systems shall be of approved type and installed in accordance with Article 159.
(f) Suitable fire control devices complying with Articles 157 and/or 158 shall be provided throughout the warehouse and in the loading dock areas.
(g) Where required by local fire authorities or the State Fire Marshal, lightning strike protection shall be provided.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5361. Structures.
(a) Ammonium nitrate storage buildings shall be only one-story buildings without basements.
(b) Storage buildings shall have adequate ventilation or be capable of adequate ventilation in the event of fire.
(c) The wall on the exposed side of a storage building within 50 feet of a combustible building, forest, piles of combustible materials and similar exposure hazards shall be of fire-resistive construction. In lieu of the fire-resistive wall, other suitable means of exposure protection such as a free standing wall may be used.
(d) All flooring in storage and handling areas shall be of noncombustible material or protected against impregnation by ammonium nitrate and shall be without open drains, traps, tunnels, pits or pockets into which any molten ammonium nitrate could flow and be confined in the event of fire.
(e) Buildings and structures shall be dry and free from water seepage through the roof, walls and floors.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5362. Container Storage.
(a) Bags and containers used for ammonium nitrate shall comply with specifications and standards required for use in interstate commerce.
(b) Containers of ammonium nitrate shall not be accepted for storage when the temperature of the ammonium nitrate exceeds 130 ° F.
Exception: Containers used on the premises in the manufacturing or processing need not comply with the provisions of subsections (a) or (b).
(c) Bags of ammonium nitrate shall not be stored within 30 inches of the storage building walls and partitions.
(d) The height of stacked bags shall not exceed 20 feet. The width of the stacked bags shall not exceed 20 feet and the length 50 feet except that where the building is of noncombustible construction or is protected by automatic sprinklers the length of piles shall not be limited. In no case shall the ammonium nitrate be stacked closer than 36 inches below the roof or supporting and spreader beams overhead.
(e) Aisles shall be provided to separate piles by a clear space of not less than 3 feet in width. At least one service or main aisle in the storage area shall be not less than 4 feet in width.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5363. Bulk Storage.
(a) Bulk storage may be in piles or bins in warehouses, or in separate, bin-type structures.
(b) Unless constructed of noncombustible material or unless adequate facilities for fighting a roof fire are available, bulk storage structures shall not exceed a height of 40 feet.
(c) Bins shall be free of materials which may contaminate ammonium nitrate.
(d) Due to the corrosive and reactive properties of ammonium nitrate, and to avoid contamination, galvanized iron, copper, lead and zinc shall not be used in bin construction unless suitably protected. Aluminum bins, and wooden bins protected against impregnation by ammonium nitrate, are permissible. Note:Steel or wood can be protected by special coatings such as sodium silicate (water glass), or epoxy coatings, or polyvinyl chloride coatings.
(e) The warehouse may be subdivided into any desired number of ammonium nitrate storage compartments or bins. The partitions dividing the ammonium nitrate storage from the storage of other products which would contaminate the ammonium nitrate shall be of tight construction to eliminate cracks or crevices.
(f) The ammonium nitrate storage bins or piles shall be clearly identified by signs reading: "AMMONIUM NITRATE" with letters at least 2 inches high.
(g) Piles or bins shall be so sized and arranged that all material in the pile is moved out periodically in order to minimize possible caking of the stored ammonium nitrate.
(h) Height or depth of piles shall be limited by the pressure-setting (caking) tendency of the product. However, in no case shall the ammonium nitrate be piled higher at any point than 36 inches below the roof or supporting and spreader beams overhead. Note:Pressure-setting (caking) is a factor affected by humidity and temperature in the storage space and by pellet quality. Temperature cycles through 90 ° F. and high atmospheric humidity are undesirable for storage in depth.
(i) Ammonium nitrate shall not be accepted for storage when the temperature of the product exceeds 130 ° F.
Exception: Manufacturing or processing.
(j) Explosive materials shall not be used to break up or loosen the caked, bagged, or bulk ammonium nitrate.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5370. Scope.
The provisions of this Article apply to the channels of distribution of and to the users of small arms ammunition, small arms ammunition primers, smokeless propellants, and black powder propellants. They do not apply to in-process storage and intra-plant transportation during manufacture.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5371. Small Arms Ammunition.
(a) Small arms ammunition shall be separated from flammable liquids, flammable solids and oxidizing materials by a fire-resistant wall of one-hour rating or by a distance of 25 feet.
(b) Small arms ammunition shall not be stored together with high explosive materials unless the storage facility is adequate.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5372. Smokeless Propellants.
(a) All smokeless propellants shall be stored in shipping containers except as noted in subsection (b).
(b) Commercial stocks of smokeless propellants shall be stored as follows:
(1) In quantities over 20 pounds and not more than 110 pounds, they shall be stored in portable wooden boxes having walls of at least 1-inch thickness.
(2) In quantities over 100 pounds and not more than 750 pounds, they shall be stored in nonportable storage cabinets having wooden walls of at least 1-inch thickness or other non-sparking material of equivalent strength. Not more than 400 pounds shall be permitted in any one cabinet.
(c) Commercial stocks in excess of 750 pounds and not more than 5,000 pounds may be stored in a building if all of the following requirements are met:
(1) The warehouse or storage room is not accessible to unauthorized personnel.
(2) The smokeless propellant stocks are stored in nonportable storage cabinets having wooden walls at least 1-inch thick and having shelves with not more than a 3-foot separation between shelves.
(3) Not more than 400 pounds is permitted in any one cabinet.
(4) Cabinets are located only against walls of the storage room or warehouse with a minimum distance between cabinets of 40 feet.
(5) Separation distance between cabinets may be reduced to 20 feet if barricades:
(A) are attached to the wall and are at least twice the height of the cabinet;
(B) are centered between cabinets and extend at least 10 feet beyond the wall toward the center of the room;
(C) are constructed of at least 2-inch thick lumber, brick, or concrete block or steel plate at least 1/4-inch thick, or of equivalent materials; and
(D) are firmly attached to the building structure at both ends.
(6) Smokeless propellant is separated by a fire-resistive wall of 1-hour rating or by a distance of 25 feet from materials classified by the U.S. Department of Transportation as flammable liquids, flammable solids and oxidizing materials.
(7) The building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in compliance with Article 159.
(d) Commercial stocks of smokeless propellant not stored in accordance with subsections (b), and (c) of this Section, whichever applies, shall be stored in a magazine constructed and located as specified in Article 114.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5373. Black Powder Propellants.
(a) All black powder propellants shall be stored in shipping containers approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
(b) Quantities of black powder propellant in excess of 50 pounds shall be stored in an outdoor magazine.
(c) If smokeless propellants are stored in the same magazine with black powder propellants, the total quantity shall not exceed that permitted for black powder propellants.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5374. Small Arms Ammunition Primers.
(a) Small arms ammunition primers shall not be transported or stored except in the original shipping containers.
(b) Small arms ammunition primers shall be separated from flammable liquids, flammable solids and oxidizing materials by a fire-resistive wall of one-hour rating or by a distance of 25 feet.
(c) Quantities up to 750,000 small arms ammunition primers may be stored in a building if not more than 100,000 are stored in any one pile and piles are at least 15 feet apart.
(d) Quantities in excess of 750,000 small arms ammunition primers may be stored in a building if all of the following conditions are met:
(1) The warehouse or storage room is not accessible to unauthorized personnel.
(2) The primers shall be stored in cabinets.
(3) Shelves of storage cabinets shall not have more than a 2-foot vertical separation.
(4) Not more than 200,000 primers shall be stored in one cabinet.
(5) Cabinets shall be located only against walls of the warehouse or storage room with a minimum distance between cabinets of 40 feet.
(6) Separation distance between cabinets may be reduced to 20 feet if barricades are attached to the wall and are at least twice the height of cabinets. Barricades shall be centered between cabinets and shall extend at least 10 feet beyond the wall toward the center of the room. They are to be constructed of at least 2-inch thick lumber, brick, concrete block, or of steel plate at least 1/4-inch thick, or of equivalent materials. Barricades shall be firmly attached to the building structure at both ends.
(7) Small arms ammunition primers shall be separated by a fire-resistive wall of 1-hour rating or by a distance of 25 feet from flammable liquids, flammable solids, and oxidizing materials.
(8) The building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in compliance with Article 159.
(e) Commercial stocks of small arms ammunition primers not in the original shipping containers shall be stored in a magazine constructed as specified in Article 114.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5415. Definitions.
Adequate Ventilation. Ventilation which, under normal operating conditions, is sufficient to keep the concentration of a hazardous gas, vapor, mist, fume or dust below 25 percent of the lower explosive limit and sufficient to ensure that no employee is harmfully exposed.
Aerated Solid Powders. Any powdered material used as a coating material which shall be fluidized within a container by passing airuniformly from below. It is common practice to fluidize such materials to form a fluidized powder bed and then dip the part to be coated into the bed in a manner similar to that used in liquid dipping. Such beds are also used as sources for powder spray operations. The combustibility of such materials may be determined by reference to the "Standard for the Prevention of Dust Explosions in the Plastics Industry," NFPA No. 6541982.
Aerosol. A material which is dispensed from its container as a mist, spray or foam by a propellant under pressure.
Atmospheric Tank. A storage tank which has been designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 psig.
Barrel. A volume of 42 U. S. gallons.
Boiling Point. The boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 14 .7 psia (760 mm). Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material in question, or for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, for purposes of this code the 10 percent point of a distillation performed in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products, ASTM D-86-78, may be used as the boiling point of the liquid.
Boil-Over. The expulsion of crude oil (or certain other liquids) from a burning tank. The light fractions of the crude oil burn off producing a heat wave in the residue, which on reaching a water strata may result in the expulsion of a portion of the contents of the tank in the form of froth.
Bulk Oxygen System. A bulk oxygen system is an assembly of equipment, such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizers, manifolds, and interconnecting piping; which has a storage capacity of more than 20,000 cubic feet of oxygen (NTP) including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen at service pressure first enters the supply line. The oxygen containers may be stationary or movable, and the oxygen may be stored as gas or liquid.
Bulk Plant. That portion of a property where flammable or combustible liquids are received by tank vessel, pipe lines, tank car, or tank vehicle, and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, pipe line, tank car, tank vehicle, or container.
Chemical Plant. A large integrated plant or that portion of such a plant other than a refinery or distillery where flammable or combustible liquids are produced by chemical reactions or used in chemical reactions.
Closed Container. A container as herein defined, so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapor will escape from it at ordinary temperatures.
Combustible Liquids. See Liquids.
Container. Any vessel of 60 U.S. gallons or less capacity used for transporting or storing flammable or combustible liquids.
Crude Petroleum. Hydrocarbon mixtures that have a flash point below 150 F. and which have not been processed in a refinery.
Dip Tank. A tank, vat or container of flammable or combustible liquid in which articles or materials are immersed for the purpose of coating, finishing, treating or similar processes.
Distillery. A plant or that portion of a plant where flammable or combustible liquids produced by fermentation are concentrated, and where the concentrated products may also be mixed, stored, or packaged.
Dry Spray Booth. A spray booth not equipped with a water washing system. A dry spray booth may be equipped with distribution or baffle plates to promote an even flow of air through the booth or cause deposit of overspray before it enters exhaust duct; or overspray dry filters to minimize dust or residues entering exhaust ducts; or overspray dry filter rolls designed to minimize dusts or residues entering exhaust ducts; or where dry powders are being sprayed, with powder collection systems so arranged in the exhaust to capture oversprayed material.
Electrostatic Fluidized Bed. A container holding powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material which is electrically charged with a charge opposite to the charge of the object to be coated; such object is transported through the container immediately above the charged and aerated materials in order to be coated.
Fire Area. An area of a building separated from the remainder of the building by construction having a fire resistance of at least one hour and having all communicating openings properly protected by an assembly having a fire resistance rating of at least one hour.
Flammable Aerosol. An aerosol which is required to be labeled "Flammable" under the U. S. Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act. For the purposes of these regulations such aerosols are considered Class IA liquids.
Flammable (Explosive) Limits. The percent levels, volume by volume, of a flammable vapor or gas mixed in air between which propagation of a flame or an explosion will occur upon the presence of ignition. The leanest mixture at which this will occur is called the lower flammable limit. The richest mixture at which it will occur is the upper flammable limit. The percent of vapor mixture between the lower and upper limits is known as the flammable range.
Flash Point (of a liquid). The minimum temperature at which it gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitible mixture with air near the surface of the liquid within the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedure and apparatus as follows:
(A) The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity less than 45 SUS at 100 F. (37.8 degrees C) and a flash point below 200 degrees F . (93.4 degrees C), shall be determined in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester, ASTM D-56-79.
(B) The flash point of a liquid having a viscosity of 45 SUS or more at 100 F. (37.8 degrees C) or a flash point of 200 degrees F. (93.4 degrees C) or higher shall be determined in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Pensky Martens Closed Tester, ASTM D-93-73.
(C) For a liquid that is a mixture of compounds that have different volatilities and flash points, its flash point shall be determined by using the procedure specified above on the liquid in the form it is shipped. If the flash point, as determined by this test, is 100 degrees F. (37.8 degrees C) or higher, an additional flash point determination shall be run on a sample of the liquid evaporated to 90 percent of its original volume, and the lower value of the two tests shall be considered the flash point of the material.
(D) Organic peroxides, which undergo autoaccelerating thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flash point determination methods above.
Flow Coat. The process of discharging liquids from nozzles, slots, etc. in an unatomized state onto material to be coated.
Fluidized Bed. A container holding powder coating material which is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported expanded cloud of such material through which the preheated object to be coated is immersed and transported.
Gaseous Hydrogen System. One in which the hydrogen is delivered, stored and discharged in the gaseous form to consumer's piping. The system includes stationary or movable containers, pressure regulators, safety relief devices, manifolds, interconnecting piping and controls. The system terminates at the point where hydrogen at service pressure first enters the consumer's distribution piping.
Ignition Temperature. The minimum temperature to which a flammable vapor or gas mixture in air must be heated in order to initiate or cause self sustained combustion.
Inside Storage. A room or building used for the storage of liquids in containers or portable tanks, separated from other types of occupancies. Such areas may include:
Inside room. A room totally enclosed within a building and having no exterior walls.
Cut-off Room. A room within a building having at least one exterior wall.
Liquefied Hydrogen System. One into which liquefied hydrogen is delivered and stored and from which it is discharged in the liquid or gaseous form to consumer piping. The system may include stationary or portable containers, pressure regulators, safety relief devices, manifolds, interconnecting piping and controls as required. The system originates at the storage container fill connection and terminates at the point where hydrogen at service pressure first enters the supply line.
Liquid. Any material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance with ASTM Test for Penetration for Bituminous Materials, D-5-73. When not otherwise identified, the term "liquid" shall include both flammable and combustible liquids.
Liquid, Combustible. A liquid having a flash point at or above 100 F. (37.8 degrees C). They shall be subdivided as follows:
(A) Class II Liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 100 F (37.8 degrees C) and below 140 F (60 degrees C).
(B) Class IIIA Liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 140 F (60 degrees C) and below 200 F (93.4 degrees C).
(C) Class IIIB Liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 200 F (93.4 degrees C).
Liquid, Flammable. A liquid having a flash point below 100 F. (37.8 C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch (absolute) at 100 degrees F. (37.8 degrees C). It shall be known as a Class I liquid. Class I liquids shall be subdivided as follows:
(A) Class IA shall include those having flash points below 73 degrees F (22.8 degrees C) and having a boiling point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C).
(B) Class IB shall include those having flash points below 73 degrees F (22.8 degrees C) and having a boiling point at or above 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C).
(C) Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 73 F (22.8 C) and below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C).
Liquid, Unstable (Reactive). A liquid which in the pure state or as commercially produced or transported will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature.
Low Pressure Tank. A storage tank designed to withstand an internal pressure above 0.5 psig but not more than 15 psig.
Outdoor Location. Outside of any building or structure, and includes locations under a weather shelter or canopy provided such locations are not enclosed by more than two walls set at right angles and are provided with vent space between the walls and vented roof or canopy.
Portable Tank. Any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S. gallons and not intended for fixed installation.
Pressure Vessel. Any fired or unfired vessel within the scope of the applicable section of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
Refinery. A plant in which flammable or combustible liquids are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbon sources.
Roll Coating. The spreading and impregnating of fabrics, paper or other material by passing the material to be coated directly through a tank or trough containing flammable or combustible liquid, or over the surface of a roller that revolves partially submerged in a flammable liquid.
Safety Can. A listed container of not more than five gallons capacity, having a spring-closing lid, spout cover and a flame arrester and so designed that it will safely relieve internal pressure when subjected to fire exposure.
Service Station, Automotive. That portion of property where liquids used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and shall include any facilities available for the sale and service of tires, batteries and accessories, and for minor automotive maintenance work. Major automotive repairs, painting, body and fender work are excluded.
Service Station, Marine. That portion of a property where flammable or combustible liquids used as fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, or floating docks into the fuel tanks of self-propelled craft, and shall include all facilities used in connection therewith.
Spray Booth A power-ventilated structure provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation, to confine and limit the escape of spray, vapor and residue, and to safely conduct or direct them to an exhaust system. Spray booths are manufactured in a variety of forms, including automotive refinishing, downdraft, open-face, traveling, tunnel, and updraft booths.
Spray Room. A power-ventilated fully enclosed room used exclusively for open spraying of flammable or combustible materials. The entire spray room is a spray area. A spray booth is not a spray room.
Spraying Area. Any area in which dangerous quantities of flammable vapors or mists, or combustible residues, dusts or deposits are present due to the operation of spraying processes.
A spraying area shall include:
(A) The interior of spray booths except as specifically provided in Section 5456(d).
(B) The interior of ducts exhausting from spraying processes.
(C) Any area in the direct path of spray or any area containing dangerous quantities of air-suspended powder or air-suspended combustible residue, dust, deposits, vapor or mists as a result of spraying operations.
SUS. Saybolt Universal Seconds as determined by the Standard Method of Test for Saybolt Viscosity (ASTM D-88-81), and may be determined by use of the SUS conversion tables specified in ASTM Method D2161-66 following determination of viscosity in accordance with the procedures specified in the Standard Method of Test for Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (ASTM D445-79).
Vapor Area. Any area containing dangerous quantities of flammable vapors in the vicinity of dip tanks, their drain boards or associated drying, conveying or other equipment, during operation or shutdown periods.
Vapor Pressure. The pressure, measured in pounds per square inch (absolute) exerted by a volatile liquid as determined by the "Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)" (ASTM D323-82).
Viscous. A viscosity of 45 SUS or more.
Waterwash Spray Booth. A spray booth equipped with a water washing system designed to minimize dusts or residues entering exhaust ducts and to permit the recovery of overspray finishing material.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5416. Flammable Vapors.
(a) Ventilation shall be sufficient so that under normal operating conditions concentrations of flammable vapors or gases in buildings, rooms or similarly enclosed places shall not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for such vapors except that in pits, sumps, or the other locations which are not normally entered, except in cases of emergency, such ventilation will not be required. In such locations, the provisions of paragraph (c) shall be complied with.
(b) No source of ignition shall be permitted in or near a pit or sump in a location near which flammable liquids are regularly and frequently, or have recently been, used, handled or stored in other than closed containers unless tests have been made which indicate that the concentration of flammable vapor is less than 25 percent of the lower explosive limit.
(c) No source of ignition shall be permitted in any location, indoors or outdoors, where the concentration of the flammable gases or vapors exceeds or may reasonably be expected to exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit. Tests shall be made to ascertain that this limit is not exceeded before a source of ignition is introduced into such location, and such tests shall be repeated frequently (or a continuous indicator used) as long as conditions giving rise to such concentrations of flammable vapors or gases continue and a source of ignition is present. If electronic or thermal testing equipment is used, it must be approved for use in such flammable conditions as required by section 2540.2
(d) Smoking shall be forbidden in any location where flammable vapors in concentrations greater than 25 percent of the lower explosive limit may reasonably be expected.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5417. Flammable Liquids -General.
(a) All containers, either open or closed, which contain a flammable liquid shall be plainly marked with an appropriate warning legend or painted a distinctive color or otherwise distinguished from containers which contain nonflammable substances, except that:
(1) Where there are a number of fixed or permanent containers which usually contain flammable liquids, warning signs may be posted in the room or area in which such containers are located instead of marking individual containers; however, portable containers in which flammable liquids are used, stored, or transported, shall be marked in one of the manners described above unless such containers are used under controlled conditions that reduce the possibility of confusion to a minimum. Nonflammable liquids should not be placed in such containers.
(2) Original containers marked as required by the General Industry Safety Orders, Section 5194, shall be considered to comply with the requirements of this section. Containers such as drums, bottles, or carboys, in which flammable liquids are placed for sale, distribution, or shipment need not be marked during the time between filling and labeling.
(b) Flammable liquids shall not be used to wash floors, walls, ceilings, structural members, furniture, equipment, machines or machine parts, unless ventilation is provided and maintained in accordance with Section 5143.
Note: For the prohibitions of Class 1A Liquids, See Section 5417(d).
(c) Spraying of flammable liquids for cleaning purposes shall be forbidden except when performed as follows:
(1) In a booth equipped with adequate ventilation. See Section 5153.
(2) Outdoors, or in open sheds, with no source of ignition within 25 feet of the spraying operation.
(d) Class IA flammable liquids shall not be used for washing except that two quarts or less may be so used in an enclosed booth provided adequate ventilation is maintained and all sources of ignition are excluded from locations where concentrations of vapors of such liquids may reasonably be expected to exceed 25 percent of lower explosive limit.
(e) Flammable liquids shall be kept in covered containers when not actually in use, being processed or compounded, or shall be stored in permanent storage tanks. Such liquids shall not be transported from storage areas to areas of use in open containers. Containers used to transport flammable liquids or as dispensing devices shall be covered containers or original closed containers. Closures of such containers shall be kept in place at all times except when liquid is being drawn from the container.
(f) Tubular gauges on stationary tanks, vats, or containers which contain flammable liquids shall be shielded to prevent liquid spray from endangering employees should the gauge break. All such gauges shall be guarded when exposed to the hazards of being broken by accidental impact and in all cases when located less than 7 feet above or 3 feet laterally from working levels or passageways. All such gauges shall be provided with valves which can be readily closed in case of breakage. Where practicable, ball-check or other self-closing valves shall be used.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5418. Carboys and Drums Containing Flammable Liquids.
(a) Carboys or drums containing flammable liquids shall not be stored near steam coils or other source of heat.
(b) Carboys or drums containing flammable liquids shall not be emptied by air pressure except as produced by hand pumps or bulbs.
(c) No naked flame, torch, or similar source of ignition shall be allowed in contact with carboys or drums which contain or have last contained flammable or combustible liquids except for purposes of repair as provided in (d).
(d) Before repair work involving the use of open flames or other source of ignition, carboys or drums shall be purged of flammable vapors and insofar as is practicable, cleansed of residues which may give rise to such vapors. Ventilation, water, inert gas, or other suitable and effective means shall be used to prevent formation of explosive mixtures as necessary. Where such work is regularly or frequently undertaken, means shall be provided for testing the air in carboys or drums for explosibility.
(e) When carboys or drums containing or having last contained a flammable liquid are opened, any pressure which may have developed in the drum shall be relieved through a loosened plug before plugs are removed. During such operation, no source of ignition shall be permitted within 25 feet of the carboys or drums.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5419. Drums Containing Flammable Liquids.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5420. Tanks, Vats and Containers Containing Flammable Liquids.
(a) When repairs, alterations, or cleaning operations are performed on tanks, vats, or containers, which contain or have last contained a flammable liquid or a substance giving rise to flammable vapors the following procedure shall be followed:
(1) Lines which may convey hazardous materials to the vessels shall be disconnected, or other positive means shall be used to prevent discharge of such material into the vessel.
(2) If work involving the use of flame, arc, spark, or other source of ignition is to be done, the vessel shall be emptied, flushed or otherwise purged of flammable vapors. A test for flammability of the vapors in the vessel shall be made, using an appropriate device for this purpose, and no source of ignition shall be permitted in or in contact with the vessel if the percentage of combustible vapor is greater than 25 percent of the lower explosive limit. As long as any source of ignition is used in or in contact with the vessel, frequent tests shall be made to determine the concentration of combustible vapors. If this concentration exceeds 25 percent of the lower explosive limit of the vapor present, sources of ignition shall be extinguished or removed until such concentration is reduced below 25 percent of the lower explosive limit.
Note: For suggested procedures, see NFPA 327-1982.
(3) Fire extinguishing equipment adequate to cope with the hazards which may be encountered shall be provided and maintained close at hand.
Note: See Article 108 for further instruction when working in confined spaces.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5426. Construction of Dip Tanks.
Note: Closed system quench tanks of integral quench furnaces are not included in this Article.
(a) Dip tanks, including drain boards if provided, shall be constructed of substantial noncombustible material, and their supports shall be of steel, reinforced concrete or masonry, or equivalent fire resistant material.
Note: Where dip tanks extend through a floor to the story below or where the weakening of the tank supports by fire may result in the tank collapse, supports should be of material having not less than one-hour fire resistance.
(b) Dip tanks of over 150 gallons in capacity or 10 square feet in liquid surface area shall be equipped with a properly trapped overflow pipe leading to a safe location outside buildings.
(c) Overflow pipes shall be of sufficient capacity to overflow the maximum delivery of dip tank liquid fill pipes but shall not be less than 3 inches in diameter and shall be increased in size depending upon the area of the liquid surface and the length and pitch of pipe.
(d) If the liquid surface area of dip tank (and drain board, unless drain board is arranged to positively prevent drainage into dip tank) is 75-150 square feet, diameter of overflow pipe shall be not less than 4 inches; if 150-225 square feet, not less than 5 inches; if 225-325 square feet, not less than 6 inches.
Note: 1. On large dip tanks, multiple overflow connections are preferable to a single large pipe, provided the aggregate cross sectional area is equivalent.
Note: 2. Overflow pipes should be connected to dip tanks through a flared outlet where the accumulation of caked or dried material may clog the overflow opening.
(e) Piping connections on drains and overflow lines shall be designed so as to permit ready access for inspection and cleaning of interior.
(f) The bottom of the overflow connection shall be not less than 6 inches below the top of the tank.
(g) Dip tanks over 500 gallons in liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom drains automatically and manually arranged to quickly drain tank in event of fire, unless the viscosity of the liquid at ambient temperature makes this impractical. Manual operation shall be from a safely accessible location. Where gravity flow is not practicable, automatic pumps shall be required.
(h) Such drain shall be trapped and discharge to a closed properly vented salvage tank or to a safe location outside which will not endanger property.
(i) According to tank capacity the diameter of bottom drain pipe shall be not less than the following:
500 to 750 gallons- 3 in.
750 to 1,000 gallons- 4 in.
1,000 to 2,500 gallons- 5 in.
2,500 to 4,000 gallons- 6 in.
over 4,000 gallons- 8 in.
(j) Where the drain line is long or of poor pitch the pipe size shall be increased to at least the next larger size.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5427. Ventilation.
(a) Vapor areas shall be limited to the smallest practical space by maintaining a properly designed system of mechanical ventilation arranged to move air from all directions towards the vapor origin area to a safe outside location. Ventilating systems shall conform to Section 5154.
(b) Required ventilating systems shall be so arranged that the failure of any ventilating fan shall automatically stop any dipping conveyor system.
(c) When a required ventilating system serves associated drying operations utilizing a heating system which may be a source of ignition, means shall be provided for pre-ventilation before heating system can be started; the failure of any ventilating fan shall automatically shut down the heating system; and the installation shall otherwise conform to NFPA Standard for Ovens and Furnaces (NFPA No. 86A1977).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5428. Salvage Tanks.
(a) Where salvage tanks are employed, pumping arrangements shall be provided for the transfer of their contents.
(b) The capacity of salvage tank shall be greater than the capacity of the dip tank or tanks to which they are connected.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5429. Conveyor Systems.
(a) Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor system shall be so arranged that in the event of fire, the conveyor system shall automatically cease motion and required bottom drains shall open.
(b) Conveyor systems shall automatically cease motion unless required ventilation is in full operation.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5430. Heating Dip Tank Liquids.
When dip tank liquids are artificially heated, either by the dipping of heated articles, or by other application of heat to the liquid, provision shall be made to prevent a temperature rise greater than 50 degrees F. below the flash point of the liquid.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5431. Liquids Used in Dip Tanks, Storage and Handling.
(a) The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in connection with dipping operation shall conform to the requirements of Article 141, where applicable.
(b) Where portable containers are used for the replenishment of flammable liquids the tank and the container shall be electrically bonded to prevent a build-up of static electricity.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5432. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition.
(a) There shall be no open flames, spark producing devices, or heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapors in any vapor area.
(b) Except as specifically permitted in Section 5438, relating to electrostatic apparatus, electrical wiring and equipment in any vapor area shall be explosion proof type approved for Class I, Group D locations and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of the Electrical Safety Orders, Class I, Division 1.
Note: It will be observed that the presence of ordinary infra-red drying lamps is prohibited in any vapor area; however, their use is permitted when adequate ventilation is maintained in such manner that their location is not within the vapor area.
(c) Unless specifically approved for locations containing both deposits of readily ignitible residues and explosive vapors, there shall be no electrical equipment in the vicinity of dip tanks, or associated drain boards or drying operations, which are subject to splashing or dripping of dip tank liquids. However, wiring in rigid conduit or in threaded boxes or fittings containing no taps, splices or terminal connections is permitted.
(d) In any floor space outside a vapor area but within 20 feet therefrom, and not separated by tight partitions, there shall be no open flames or spark producing devices [except as specifically permitted in NFPA Standard No. 86A, Ovens and Furnaces (Paragraph 200-7)] and electrical wiring and equipment shall conform to the provisions of the Electrical Safety Orders, Class I, Division 2.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5433. Operations and Maintenance.
(a) Areas in vicinity of dip tanks shall be kept as clear of combustible stock as practical and shall be kept entirely free of combustible debris.
(b) When waste or rags are used in connection with dipping operations, self-closing, hinged, metal waste cans shall be provided and all impregnated rags or waste deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily or at the end of each shift.
(c) Periodic inspection or tests of all dip tank facilities shall be made, including covers, overflow pipe inlets, and discharge, bottom drains and valves, electrical wiring and equipment and grounding and bonding connections, ventilation facilities, and all extinguishing equipment. Any defects found shall be promptly corrected.
(d) Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated localities. "NO SMOKING" signs shall be conspicuously posted where hazard from flammable vapors may be reasonably expected.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5434. Fire Protection.
(a) Except as noted in Section 5436(e) (applying to hardening and tempering tanks), all dip tanks exceeding 150 gallons liquid capacity, or having a liquid surface area exceeding four square feet, shall be protected with automatic extinguishing facilities or covers so designed and installed as to close automatically in case of fire. (See Section 5435.)
(b) Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers suitable for flammable and combustible liquid fires, conforming to Article 157.
(c) Automatic water spray extinguishing systems shall conform to Article 163 and shall be arranged to protect tanks, drain boards and stock over drain boards.
(d) Automatic foam extinguishing systems shall conform to Article 163 and to NFPA No. 111983, NFPA 11A-1983, or NFPA 11B1977 and shall also conform to the following:
(1) Foam producing material selected shall be suitable for intended use, taking into account characteristics of the dip tank liquid.
(2) Overflow pipe shall be arranged to prevent the floating away of foam and clogging overflow pipe. This may be accomplished by either of the following:
(A) Overflow pipe may be extended through tank wall and terminated in an ell pointing downward.
(B) Overflow pipe inlet may be provided with a removable screen of one-fourth-inch mesh having an area at least twice the cross-sectional area of overflow pipe. Screens which may be clogged by dip tank ingredients shall be inspected and cleaned periodically.
(e) Automatic carbon dioxide systems shall conform to Article 162 and shall be arranged to protect both dip tanks and drain boards and unless stock over drain boards is otherwise protected with automatic extinguishing facilities, shall also be arranged to protect such stock.
(f) Dry chemical extinguishing systems shall conform to Article 161 and shall be arranged to protect both dip tanks and drain boards, and unless stock over drain boards is otherwise protected with automatic extinguishing facilities, shall also be arranged to protect such stock.
(g) Automatic closing process tank covers or special extinguishing systems shall be provided for open tanks under 150 gallons capacity or 10 sq. ft. in liquid surface area.
(h) Protection systems shall be provided for tanks 150 gallons capacity and over or 10 sq. ft. in liquid surface area and over. These systems shall be designed to protect the following areas:
(1) For process tanks the system shall protect the tank, drain board, freshly coated objects, hoods and ducts.
(2) For flow coaters, the system shall protect open tanks, drying tunnel, and ducts. Pumps circulating coating material shall be interlocked to automatically shut off on actuation of the system.
(3) For curtain and roll coating the system shall protect the coated object and open troughs or tanks of coating material. Pumps circulation coating material shall be interlocked to automatically shut off on actuation of the special protection system.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5435. Dip Tank Covers.
(a) Covers arranged to close automatically in the event of fire shall be actuated by approved automatic devices and shall also be arranged for manual operation.
(b) Covers shall be of substantial noncombustible material or of tin-clad type with enclosing metal applied with locked joints.
Note: For the construction of dip tank covers, refer to NFPA 34-1982.
(c) Chains or wire rope shall be used for cover support or operating mechanism where the burning of a cord would interfere with the action of a device.
(d) Where drain boards return drippings to tanks, special means shall be provided to permit the cover to close tightly and prevent water from sprinklers or other sources draining into dip tank in the event of fire.
(e) Covers shall be kept closed when tanks are not in use.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5436. Hardening and Tempering Tanks.
(a) Tanks shall be located as far as practicable from furnaces and shall not be located on or near combustible floors.
Note: Combustible stock and other combustible materials should not be stored in the vicinity of dipping operations.
(b) Tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent or other equally effective means, venting to outside of building to serve as a vent in case of fire. All such vent ducts shall be treated as flues and be kept well away from combustible roofs or materials.
(c) Tanks shall be so designed that the maximum work load is incapable of raising the temperature of the cooling medium to within 50 degrees below its flash point, or such tanks shall be equipped with circulating cooling systems which will accomplish the same result.
(d) Tanks shall be equipped with a high temperature limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when the temperature of the quenching medium reaches within 50 degrees F. below the flash point. If practical from an operating standpoint, such limit switches shall also shut down conveying equipment supplying work to the tank. (continued)