CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
(e) The provisions of Section 5434(a) shall apply to tanks having a liquid surface area of 25 square feet or more or a capacity of 500 gallons or more.
(f) Air under pressure shall not be used to fill or to agitate oil in tanks.
(g) Drain facilities from bottom of tank may be combined with the oil circulating system or arranged independently to drain the oil to a safe location. The drain valve shall be operated automatically with approved heat actuated devices or manually, and if the latter, the valve shall be operated from a safe distance.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5437. Flow Coat.
(a) Except as modified in this Section, all of the preceding requirements for dip tanks apply.
(b) All flow coat operations shall be within an effective noncombustible enclosure, adequately vented to the outside of building.
(c) All piping shall be strongly erected and rigidly supported.
(d) Paint shall be supplied by direct low pressure pumping arranged to automatically shut down by means of approved heat actuated devices, in case of fire, or paint may be supplied by a gravity tank not exceeding 10 gallons in capacity.
(e) The area of the sump and an areas on which paint flows shall be considered the area of dip tank for the purpose of interpreting these Orders.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5438. Electrostatic Apparatus.
(a) The installation and use of electrostatic detearing equipment shall conform to all applicable provisions of this Section.
(b) Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in connection with paint detearing operations shall be of approved types.
(c) Transformers, high voltage supplies, control apparatus, and all other electrical portions of the equipment, with the exception of high voltage grids and their connections, shall be located outside the vapor area or shall conform to the requirements of the California Electrical Safety Orders.
(d) Electrodes shall be of substantial construction, shall be rigidly supported in permanent locations and shall be effectively insulated from ground. Insulators shall be nonporous and noncombustible.
(e) High voltage leads to electrodes shall be effectively and permanently supported on suitable insulators, and shall be effectively guarded against accidental contact or grounding. An automatic means shall be provided for grounding and discharging any accumulated residual charge on the electrode assembly or the secondary circuit of the high voltage transformer when the transformer primary is disconnected from the source of supply.
(f) A safe distance shall be maintained between goods being deteared and electrodes or conductors of at least twice the sparking distance. A suitable sign indicating this safe distance shall be conspicuously posted near the assembly.
(g) Goods being deteared using this process are to be supported on conveyors. The conveyors shall be so arranged as to maintain safe distances between the goods and the electrodes at all times. All goods shall be so supported as to prevent any swinging or movement which would reduce the clearance to less than specified in (f).
(h) This process is not approved where goods being deteared are manipulated by hand.
(i) Electrostatic apparatus shall be equipped with automatic controls which will operate without time delay to disconnect the power supply to the high voltage transformer and to signal the operator under any of the following conditions:
(1) Stoppage of ventilation fans or failure of ventilating equipment from any cause.
(2) Stoppage of the conveyor carrying goods past the high voltage grid.
(3) Occurrence of a ground or of an imminent ground at any point on the high voltage system.

(4) Reduction of clearance below that specified in (f).
(j) Fencing, railings or guards shall be so placed about the equipment that they, either by their location or character or both, assure that a safe isolation of the process is maintained from plant storage or personnel. Such railings, fencing and guards shall be grounded, and be at least 5 feet from processing equipment.
(k) Hazardous areas shall be posted.
(l) Electrode insulators shall be kept clean and dry.
(m) All areas for detearing shall be protected by automatic sprinklers or other approved automatic extinguishing equipment shall be provided.
(n) Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be removable and shall be taken to a safe place for cleaning.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5439. Roll Coating.
(a) Roll coating shall conform to the applicable requirements of Sections 5426 through 5434.
(b) Arrangements shall be made to prevent sparks from static electricity by electrically bonding and grounding all metallic rotating and other parts of machinery and equipment and by the installation of static collectors or maintaining a conductive atmosphere.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5445. Scope.
(a) Scope. This Article covers the application of flammable or combustible materials when applied as a spray by compressed air, "airless" or "hydraulic atomization," or by steam, or electrostatic methods or by any other means in continuous or intermittent processes. It also covers the application of combustible powders when applied by powder spray guns, electrostatic powder spray guns, fluidized beds or electrostatic fluidized beds.
Note: This Article does not cover outdoor spray application of buildings, tanks or other similar structures, nor small portable spraying apparatus not used repeatedly in the same location; however, the safeguards contained in this Article pertaining to cleanliness, care of flammable liquids, dangerous vapor-air or powder-air mixtures and sources of ignition should be followed where applicable.
(b) This Article does not cover the spray application of noncombustible finishing material. Certain water type finishes, however, although involving little or no hazard in the liquid state may leave highly combustible residues upon evaporation of the liquid carrier. The provisions of this standard for minimizing the hazards of combustible residues shall be followed irrespective of the characteristics of the liquid.
(c) Spray rooms shall meet the requirements of Sections 5446, 5447, 5448, 5449 and 5450.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5446. Spray Booths.
(a) Spray booths and connected ductwork shall be substantially constructed of steel, securely and rigidly supported, or of concrete or masonry, except that aluminum or other substantial noncombustible material may be used for intermittent or low volume spraying. Spray booths shall be designed to sweep or guide air currents toward the exhaust outlet.
(b) The interior surfaces of spray booths shall be smooth and continuous without edges and otherwise designed to prevent pocketing of residues and facilitate cleaning and washing without injury.
(c) The floor surface of a spray booth and operator's working area, if combustible, shall be covered with noncombustible material of such character as to facilitate the safe cleaning and removal of residues.
(d) Distribution or baffle plates, if installed to promote an even flow of air through booth or cause the deposit of overspray before it enters exhaust duct, shall be of noncombustible material and readily removable or accessible on both sides for cleaning. Such plates shall not be located in exhaust ducts.
(e) Every spray booth having an open front elevation larger in area than 9 square feet and which is not equipped with doors, shall have a fire curtain or metal deflector not less than 2 1/2 inches deep installed at the upper outer edge of the booth opening.
(f) Where conveyors are arranged to carry work into or out of spray booths, the openings therefor shall be as small as practical.
(g) Each spray booth shall be separated from other dissimilar operations by not less than three feet, or by a greater distance, or by such partition or wall as to reduce the danger from adjacent hazardous operations.
(h) Spray booths shall be so installed that all portions are readily accessible for cleaning. A clear space of not less than three feet on all sides shall be kept free from storage or combustible construction.
Note: This does not preclude the installation of a spray booth against a partition or wall having a one hour fire resistance rating providing the booth can be maintained and cleaned.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5447. Dry Type Overspray Collectors (Exhaust Air Filters).
(a) In conventional dry type spray booths, overspray dry filters or filter rolls, if installed, shall conform to the following:
(1) Visible gauges or audible alarms or pressure activated devices shall be installed to indicate or insure that the required air velocity is maintained. (See Section 5153). Dry spray booth equipped with a filter roll which is automatically advanced when the air velocity is reduced to that specified in this Section shall be arranged to cause shutdown of spraying operations if the filter roll fails to advance automatically.
(2) Maintenance procedures shall be established to assure replacing filter pads before excessive restriction to air flow occurs. Filter pads shall be inspected after each period of use and clogged filter pads discarded and replaced. Filter rolls shall be inspected to insure proper replacement of filter media.
(3) All discarded filter pads and filter rolls shall be immediately removed to a safe, well detached location or placed in a water-filled metal container and disposed of at the close of the day's operation unless maintained completely in water.
(4) The location of filters in a spray booth shall not reduce the effective booth enclosure of the articles being sprayed.
(5) Space within spray booth on the down stream and up stream sides of filters shall be protected with approved automatic sprinklers.
(6) Filters or filter rolls shall not be used when applying a spray material known to be highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition.

(7) Those parts of the booth which act as supports for, or holders of filters or filter rolls shall be noncombustible.
(8) Clean filters or filter rolls shall be noncombustible or of a type having a combustibility not in excess of Class 2 filters as listed by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.
(9) Filters and filter rolls shall not be alternately used for different types of coating materials, where the combination of materials may be conducive to spontaneous ignition. See also Section 5453(l).

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5448. Washing Chamber.
(a) For wet or waterwash spray booths, the water chamber enclosure, within which intimate contact of contaminated air and cleaning water or other cleaning medium is maintained, if made of steel, shall be 18 gage or heavier and adequately protected against corrosion.
(b) Chambers shall be provided with adequate means for creating and maintaining scrubbing action for removal of particulate matter from the exhaust air stream.
(c) Collecting tanks shall be of welded steel construction or other suitable noncombustible material. If pits are used as collecting tanks, they shall be concrete, masonry, or other material having similar properties.
(d) Tanks shall be provided with weirs, skimmer plates, or screens to prevent sludge and floating paint from entering the pump suction box. Means for automatically maintaining the proper water level shall also be provided. Fresh water inlets shall not be submerged. They shall terminate at least one pipe diameter above the safety overflow level of the tank.
(e) Tanks shall be so constructed as to prevent excessive accumulation of hazardous deposits.
(f) Pump manifolds, risers, and headers shall be adequately sized to ensure sufficient water flow to provide efficient operation of the water chamber.
Note: Cleanout means should be provided to permit mechanical cleaning of headers.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5449. Electrical and Other Sources of Ignition.
(a) All electrical equipment, open flames and other sources of ignition shall conform to the requirements of this Section, except as follows:
(1) Electrostatic apparatus shall conform to the requirements of Sections 5454 and 5455.
(2) Drying, curing and fusion apparatus shall conform to the requirements of Section 5456.
(3) Automobile undercoating spray operations in garages shall conform to the requirements of Section 5459.
(4) Powder coating equipment shall conform to the requirements of Section 5460.
(5) Finishing operations as described in Subsection (m).
(b) There shall be no open flame, spark producing equipment or exposed surfaces exceeding the ignition temperature of the material being sprayed in any spraying area nor within 20 feet thereof, unless separated by a partition.
(c) Space heating appliances, steam pipes or hot surfaces shall not be located in a spraying area where deposits of combustible residues may readily accumulate and be ignited.
(d) Electrical wiring and equipment shall conform to the provisions of this Section and shall otherwise be in accordance with the California Electrical Safety Orders.
(e) Unless specifically approved for locations containing both deposits of readily ignitible residue and explosive vapors, there shall be no electrical equipment in any spraying area, whereon deposits of combustible residues may readily accumulate, except wiring in rigid metal conduit, Type MI cable, or in metal boxes or fittings containing no taps, splices or terminal connections.
(f) Electrical wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible residues but located in a spraying area shall be of explosion-proof or other type approved for Class I, Division 1, Group D locations and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of the Electrical Safety Orders for Class I, Division 1 locations.
(g) Equipment within twenty feet horizontally and ten feet vertically, of any spraying operation and not enclosed in a spray booth, shall not pro duce sparks under normal operating conditions, and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of the Electrical Safety Orders for Class I, Division 2, locations. See Figure SB-1.

(h) When spraying areas are illuminated through glass panels or other transparent materials, only fixed lighting units shall be used as a source of illumination. Panels shall isolate the spraying area from the area in which the lighting unit is located, and shall be of a noncombustible material of such a nature or so protected that breakage will be unlikely. Panels shall be so arranged that normal accumulations of residue on the exposed surface of the panel will not be raised to a dangerous temperature to cause vapors and/or ignition by radiation or conduction from the source of illumination.
(i) Electric lamps outside of, but within twenty feet of any spraying area and not separated by a partition, shall be totally enclosed to prevent the falling of hot particles and shall be protected from mechanical injury by guards or by location.
(j) Portable electric lamps shall not be used in any spraying area during spraying operations. Portable electric lamps, if used during cleaning or repairing operations, shall be of the type approved for Class I, Group D, Division 1 locations.
(k) All metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying flammable or combustible liquids or aerated solids shall be electrically grounded in an effective and permanent manner.
(l) Airless high fluid pressure spray guns and any conductive object being sprayed shall be electrically grounded.
Exception: Equipment specifically intended to be operated at other than ground potential.
(m) Where the product to be sprayed is brought into a spraying area, removed from it, or manipulated while there, by a self-powered vehicle capable of producing ignition, the vehicle shall not be activated while in the area unless the spraying operation is stopped, the ventilation system is in operation and the area has been purged of vapors to ensure a nonflammable atmosphere.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5450. Ventilation.
(a) Ventilation requirements shall conform to the provisions of Section 5153 and 5143 and this Section.
(b) Except as permitted in Section 5460, each spray booth shall have an independent exhaust duct system discharging to the building exterior. Multiple cabinet spray booths in which identical spray finishing material is used with a combined frontal area of more than eighteen square feet shall not have a common exhaust.
(c) The fan rotating element shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or the casing shall consist of or be lined with such material. There shall be ample clearance between the fan rotating element and fan casing to avoid a fire by friction, necessary allowance being made for ordinary expansion and loading to prevent contact between moving parts and the duct or fan housing. Fan blades shall be mounted on a shaft sufficiently heavy to maintain proper alignment even when the blades of the fan are heavily loaded, the shaft preferably to have bearings outside the duct and booth. All bearings shall be of the self-lubricating type, or lubricated from outside the duct.
(d) Electric motors driving exhaust fans shall not be placed inside booths or ducts.
(e) Belts shall not enter duct or booth unless belt and pulley within the duct or booth are completely enclosed.
(f) Where ductwork passes through a combustible roof or wall, the roof or wall shall be protected at the point of penetration by open space or fire resistive material between the duct and the roof or wall.
(g) When ducts pass through firewalls, they shall be provided with automatic fire dampers on both sides of the wall, except that 3/8-inch steel plates may be used in lieu of automatic fire dampers for ducts not exceeding 18 inches in diameter.
(h) Exhaust ducts shall be constructed of steel and shall be substantially supported. If dampers are installed, they shall be maintained so that adequate airflow is maintained at all times the ventilating system is in operation. When spray booths are not in use and it is necessary to shut off ducts, noncombustible removable covers completely closing ducts may be used.
(i) Exhaust ducts shall be protected against mechanical damage and have a clearance from unprotected combustible construction or other combustible material of not less than 18 inches, except if combustible construction is provided with the following protection applied to all surfaces within 18 inches, clearances may be reduced to the distance indicated:
(1) 28 gauge sheet metal on 1/4-inch asbestos mill board or equivalent 12 inches

(2) 28 gauge sheet metal on 1/8-inch asbestos mill board spaced out one-inch on noncombustible spacers or equivalent 9 inches
(3) 22 gauge sheet metal on 1-inch rockwool bats reinforced with wire mesh or the equivalent 3 inches
(4) Where ducts are protected with an approved automatic sprinkler system, properly maintained; the clearance may be reduced to 6 inches.
(j) The spray booth exhaust discharge point shall be not less than six feet from any combustible exterior wall or roof nor discharge in the direction of any combustible construction or unprotected opening in any noncombustible exterior wall within 25 feet.
(k) Freshly sprayed articles shall be dried only in spaces provided with adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors. In the event adequate and reliable ventilation is not provided such drying spaces shall be considered a spraying area.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5451. Flammable and Combustible Liquids -Storage and Handling.
(a) The storage of flammable or combustible liquids in connection with spraying operations shall conform to the requirements of Article 141, where applicable.
(b) Bulk storage of flammable or combustible liquids shall be in a separate, properly constructed building detached from other important buildings or cut off from them by construction having at least one-hour fire resistance rating.
Note: Lesser quantities of flammable or combustible liquids may be stored for use within a building under conditions meeting the other provisions of this section.
(c) The quantity of flammable and combustible liquids kept in the vicinity of spraying operations outside an inside storage room or storage cabinet in any one fire area shall not exceed the greater of: (1) a supply for one day or one shift; (2) 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers, and 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II or IIIA liquids in containers, or (3) one approved portable tank not exceeding 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or IIIA liquids.
(d) Closed containers, approved portable tanks, approved safety cans, or a properly arranged system of piping shall be used for transporting flammable or combustible liquids. Open or glass containers shall not be used for transportation or storage.
(e) The withdrawal of flammable or combustible liquids from containers and the filling of containers, including portable mixing tanks, shall be done only in a suitable mixing room or in a spraying area when the ventilating system is in operation. Precautions shall be taken to protect against liquid spillage and sources of ignition.
(f) Except as provided in (h), the withdrawal of flammable or combustible liquids from containers having a capacity of greater than 60 gallons shall be by approved pumps.
(g) Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be of closed type or provided with metal covers kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall be on substantial supports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed 10 gallons capacity.
(h) Original shipping containers shall not be subjected to air pressure for supplying spray nozzles. Pressure vessels supplying spray nozzles shall be of limited capacity, not exceeding that necessary for one day's operation; shall be designed and approved for such use; shall be provided with a visible pressure gauge; and shall be provided with a relief valve; all in conformance with the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders.
(i) Containers under pressure supplying spray nozzles, air storage tanks and coolers shall conform to the standards of the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders for construction, tests and maintenance.
(j) All containers or piping to which is attached a hose or flexible connection shall be provided with a shutoff valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept shut when spraying operations are not being conducted.
Exception: When a circulating system is used and it is provided with an automatically operated anti-runaway control.
(k) When a pump is used to deliver products, automatic means shall be provided to prevent pressure in excess of the design working pressure of accessories, piping and hose.
( l) All pressure hose and couplings shall be inspected at regular intervals appropriate to the service. With the hose extended, the hose and couplings shall be tested using the "in service maximum operating pressures." Any hose showing material deteriorations, signs of leakage or weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be withdrawn from service.
(m) Unless flammable and combustible liquid piping, hose and equipment have been designed to meet the requirements of high pressure processes (those employing pressures in excess of 100 psig) such equipment shall not be used for this purpose.
(n) If flammable or combustible liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement pumps, means shall be provided to prevent the discharge pressure exceeding the safe operating pressure of the system. Any discharge shall be to a safe location.
(o) Piping systems conveying flammable or combustible liquids shall be of steel or other material having comparable properties of resistance to heat and physical damage; they shall be so installed that a rupture of the system for any reason is unlikely. Piping systems shall be properly bonded and grounded.
(p) Whenever flammable or combustible liquids are transferred from one container to another, both containers shall be effectively bonded and grounded to dissipate static electricity.
(q) If a spray liquid heater is used, it shall be low-pressure, steam or hot water type, or electric. If electric, it shall be approved and listed for the specific location in which it is used. (See Section 5449.) Heaters shall not be located in spray booths nor other locations subject to the accumulation of deposits or combustible residue. Agitators, if used, shall be driven by compressed air, water, or low-pressure steam, or electric. If powered by an electric motor, the motor shall conform to the requirements of Section 5449.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5452. Fire Protection.
(a) In sprinklered buildings, the automatic sprinkler system in rooms containing spray application operations shall conform to Article 159, and in unsprinklered buildings where sprinklers are installed only to protect spraying areas, the installation shall conform to such standards insofar as they may be applicable. Sprinkler installations shall also conform to the provisions of this Section. Sprinkler heads shall be located so as to provide water distribution throughout the entire booth.
(b) Water supply for sprinklers in rooms containing spray finishing operations shall be sufficient to supply all sprinklers likely to open in one fire without depleting the available water for use in hose streams.
Note: Where sprinklers are installed to protect spraying areas only, water may be furnished from the domestic supply.
(c) Where automatic sprinklers protect each spray booth (together with its connecting exhaust) they shall be under an accessibly located separate outside stem and yoke (OS&Y) sub-control valve. Sprinkler systems in stacks or ducts shall be automatic and of a type not subject to freezing.
(d) Sprinklers (heads) protecting spraying areas shall be kept as free from deposits as practical by cleaning daily if necessary.
(e) Where automatic sprinkler protection is not available, a spray booth and its exhaust ducts shall be protected with an extinguishing system installed so as to conform either to Article 160, Article 161 or Article 162.
(f) An adequate supply of suitable portable fire extinguishers shall be installed near all spraying areas. (See Article 157.)

Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5453. Operation and Maintenance.
(a) Spraying shall not be conducted outside of predetermined spraying areas and all provisions of this Section applying to spraying areas shall be strictly followed.
(b) High pressure hose conveying flammable or combustible material in "airless" spray application operations shall be frequently inspected and properly maintained. Hose and equipment shall be so located that in the event of a leak or rupture, application material will not be discharged into any space having a source of ignition.
(c) All spraying areas shall be kept free from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues. If residue accumulates to excess in booths, duct or duct discharge points or other spraying areas, then all spraying operations shall be discontinued until conditions are corrected.
Note: Combustible coverings (thin paper, plastic, etc.) and strippable coatings may be used to facilitate cleaning operations in spray areas.
(d) Spray booths, spray rooms and similar locations shall be thoroughly cleaned of combustible deposits on floors, walls, ceilings, and equipment before any repairs involving the use of torches, electric arcs or sparks, or other source of ignition are undertaken.
(e) Scrapers, spuds or other such tools used for cleaning purposes shall be of non-sparking material.
(f) Residue scrapings and debris contaminated with residue shall be immediately removed from premises and properly disposed of.
(g) Self-closing, hinged, metal waste cans shall be provided wherever rags or waste are impregnated with sprayed material and all such rags or waste shall be deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily or at the end of each shift.
(h) Employees' clothing contaminated with sprayed material shall not be left on the premises overnight unless kept in metal lockers.
(i) Solvents for cleaning operations shall have flash points above 100 degrees F, however, for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary equipment, solvents having flash points not less than those normally used in spray operations may be used.
(j) Cleaning operations using flammable or combustible solvents shall be conducted inside spray booths with ventilating equipment operated during cleaning or in other adequately ventilated locations.
(k) Spray booths shall not be alternately used for different types of coating materials, where the combination of materials may be conducive to spontaneous ignition, unless all deposits of the first used material are removed from the booth and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with the second.
(l) Unless spray booths are thoroughly cleaned before changing operations, booths used for application of pyroxylin finishes shall not be used for other purposes.
(m) Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated localities. "NO SMOKING" signs shall be conspicuously posted where hazard from flammable vapors may be reasonably expected.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5454. Fixed Electrostatic Apparatus.
(a) This Section shall apply to any equipment using electrostatically charged elements for the atomization, charging and (or) precipitation of hazardous materials for coatings on articles or for other similar purposes in which the charging or atomizing device is attached to a mechanical support and is not hand-held or manipulated.
(b) Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in connection with coating operations shall be of approved types.
(c) Transformers, high voltage supply, control apparatus, and all other electrical portions of the equipment, with the exception of high voltage grids, electrodes and electrostatic atomizing heads and their connections, shall be located outside of the spraying area or shall otherwise conform to the requirements of Section 5449.
(d) Electrodes and electrostatic atomizing heads shall be supported in permanent locations and shall be insulated from ground. Electrodes and electrostatic atomizing heads which are permanently attached to their bases, supports, or reciprocators, shall be deemed to comply with this Section. Insulators shall be nonporous. Fine wire elements when used shall be under tension at all times and be of unkinked hardened steel or material of comparable strength.
(e) High voltage leads shall be properly insulated and protected from mechanical injury or exposure to destructive chemicals. Any exposed element at high voltage shall be effectively guarded against accidental contact or grounding. An automatic means shall be provided for grounding the electrode system when the primary of its high voltage supply is electrically deenergized for any reason.
(f) All insulators shall be kept clean and dry.
(g) A safe distance shall be maintained between goods being painted and electrodes or electrostatic atomizing heads or conductors of at least twice the sparking distance. A suitable sign indicating this safe distance shall be conspicuously posted near the assembly.
(h) Goods being coated using this process shall be supported on conveyors or hangers. The conveyors or hangers shall be so arranged as to assure that the parts being coated are electrically connected to ground and to maintain safe distances between the goods and the electrodes or electrostatic atomizing heads at all times. Goods shall be supported to prevent swinging or movement which would reduce the clearance to less than that specified in (h).
(i) Electrostatic apparatus shall be equipped with automatic means which will rapidly de-energize and ground the high voltage elements under any of the following conditions:
(1) Stoppage of ventilating fans or failure of ventilating equipment from any cause.
(2) Stoppage of the conveyor carrying goods through the high voltage field.
(3) Occurrence of a ground or excessive current leakage at any point on the high voltage system.
(4) Reduction of clearance below that specified in (g).
(5) De-energizing the primary of the power supply.
(j) Safeguards such as booths, fencing, railings or other means shall be so placed about the equipment or incorporated therein that they, either by their location or character or both, assure that a safe isolation of the process is maintained from plant storage or personnel. Mechanical guards shall be at least 5 feet from processing equipment.
(k) All electrically conductive objects in the spraying area, except those objects required by the process to be at high voltage, shall be adequately grounded. This requirement shall apply to paint containers, wash cans, guards and any other electrically conductive objects or devices in the area. The equipment shall carry a prominent permanently installed warning regarding the necessity for this grounding feature.
(l) All areas used for spraying, including the interior of the booth, shall be protected by automatic sprinklers where this protection is available. Where this protection is not available, other approved automatic extinguishing equipment shall be provided.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5455. Electrostatic Hand Spraying Equipment.
(a) This Section shall apply to any equipment using electrostatically charged elements for the atomization, charging and (or) precipitation of materials for coatings on articles, or for other similar purposes in which the atomizing device is hand-held and manipulated during the spraying operation.
(b) Electrostatic hand spray apparatus and devices used in connection with coating operations shall be of approved types. The high voltage circuits shall be designed so as to not produce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite the most hazardous of those vapor-air mixtures likely to be encountered, nor result in appreciable shock hazard upon coming in contact with a grounded object under all normal operating conditions.
(c) The electrostatically charged exposed elements of the hand gun shall be capable of being energized only by an actuator which also controls the coating material supply.
(d) Transformers, high voltage supply, control apparatus, and all other electrical portions of the equipment shall be located outside of the spraying area or shall otherwise conform to the requirements of Section 5449.
Exception: The hand gun and its connections to the power supply.
(e) The handle of the spray gun shall be electrically connected to ground by a metallic connection and be so constructed that the operator in normal operating position is in intimate electrical contact with the grounded handle to prevent buildup of a static charge on the operator's body. Signs indicating the necessity for grounding other persons entering the spraying area shall be conspicuously posted.
Whenever gloves are worn by the operator during electrostatic hand spraying, the grounding contact between the operator and the grounded handle of the spray gun shall be maintained.
(f) All electrically conductive objects in the spraying area shall be grounded. This requirement shall apply to paint containers, wash cans and any other electrically conductive objects or devices in the area. The equipment shall carry a prominent permanently installed warning regarding the necessity for this grounding feature.
(g) Objects being coated shall be maintained in electrical contact with the conveyor or other grounded support. Hooks shall be regularly cleaned to insure this contact and areas of contact shall be sharp points or knife edges where possible. Points of support of the object shall be concealed from random spray where feasible and where the objects being sprayed are supported from a conveyor, the point of attachment to the conveyor shall be so located as to not collect spray material during normal operation.
(h) The electrical equipment shall be so interlocked with the ventilation of the spraying area that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5456. Drying, Curing or Fusion Apparatus.
(a) Drying, curing or fusion apparatus in connection with spray application of flammable and combustible coatings shall conform to the Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, NFPA No. 86A1977, where applicable and shall also conform to the following subsections.
(b) Spray booths, rooms or other enclosures used for spraying operations shall not alternately be used for the purpose of drying by any arrangement which will cause a substantial increase in the surface temperature of the spray booth, room or enclosure.
(c) Except as specifically provided in (d), drying, curing or fusion units utilizing a heating system having open flames or which may produce sparks shall not be installed in a spraying area, but may be installed adjacent thereto when equipped with an interlocked ventilating system arranged to:
(1) Thoroughly ventilate the drying space before heating system can be started;
(2) Maintain a safe atmosphere at any source of ignition;
(3) Automatically shut down heating system in the event of failure of the ventilating system.
(d) When automobile refinishing spray booths or enclosures are used for drying using portable electrical infrared drying apparatus, the following shall apply:
(1) Interior (especially floors) of spray enclosures shall be kept free of overspray deposits.

(2) During spray operations, the drying apparatus and electrical connections and wiring thereto shall not be located within spray enclosure nor in any other location where spray residue may be deposited thereon.
(3) Spraying apparatus, drying apparatus, and ventilating system of spray enclosure shall be equipped with suitable interlocks so arranged that:
(A) Spraying apparatus cannot be operated while drying apparatus is inside spray enclosure.
(B) Spray enclosure will be purged of spray vapors for a period of not less than three minutes before drying apparatus can be energized.
(C) Ventilating system will maintain a safe atmosphere within the enclosure during the drying process and drying apparatus will automatically shut off in the event of failure of the ventilating system.
(4) All electrical wiring and equipment of drying apparatus shall conform to the applicable sections of the Electrical Safety Orders. Only equipment approved for Class I, Division 2 locations shall be located within 18 inches of floor level. All metallic parts of drying apparatus shall be electrically bonded and grounded.
(5) Drying apparatus shall contain a prominently located permanently attached warning sign indicating that ventilation shall be maintained during the drying period and spraying shall not be so conducted in the vicinity that spray will deposit on apparatus.
(e) Fusion facilities shall be ventilated.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5457. Electrical.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5458. Ventilation.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5459. Automobile Undercoating in Garages.
Undercoating spray operations shall conform to all requirements of this Article pertaining to spray finishing operations.
Exception: Automobile undercoating operations in garages, conducted in areas having adequate natural or mechanical ventilation, are exempt from the requirements pertaining to spray coating operations, when undercoating materials not more hazardous than kerosene (as classified by Underwriters Laboratories in respect to fire hazard rating 30-40) are used, or undercoating materials using only solvents having a flash point in excess of 100 degrees F(37.8 degrees C) are used, and no open flames or other sources of ignition are within 20 feet while such operations are conducted.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5460. Powder Coating.
(a) This section shall apply to processes in which combustible dry powders are applied such as:
(1) Fluidized bed.
(2) Electrostatic fluidized bed.

(3) Powder spray guns.
(4) Electrostatic powder spray guns.
(b) Powder coating operations shall be confined to properly designed enclosures protected with automatic fire extinguishing systems.
(c) Powder shall be effectively confined by conducting coating operations within:
(1) Completely enclosed, adequately ventilated rooms of noncombustible construction with smooth surfaces designed to prevent accumulation of powder and to facilitate cleaning, or
(2) Adequately ventilated spray booths and by using effectively enclosed, adequately ventilated containers (tanks, bins, etc.) of noncombustible material.
(d) Electrical equipment shall conform to the requirements of the Electrical Safety Orders.
(e) Powder transport, application and recovery equipment shall be grounded.
(f) Ventilation requirements shall conform to the provisions of Section 5153 and 5143.
(g) All areas including horizontal surfaces such as ledges, beams, pipes, hoods and booth floors shall be periodically cleaned to prevent the accumulation of powder.
(h) Surfaces shall be cleaned in such manner as to avoid scattering powder or creating powder clouds. Vacuum sweeping equipment where used, shall be of a type approved for use in hazardous locations.
(i) Care shall be exercised to prevent tramp iron or spark producing material from being introduced into the powders being applied. Magnetic and filter type separators are recommended.
(j) Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated localities. "NO SMOKING" signs shall be conspicuously posted where hazard from flammable vapors or combustible powders are normally present.
(k) The provisions of Section 5454 and this section shall apply to fixed electrostatic equipment, except that electrical equipment not covered therein shall conform to (d) and (e) of this Section.
(l) The provisions of Section 5455 and this Section shall apply to electrostatic hand guns when used in powder coating.The high voltage circuits shall be designed so as not to produce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite any powder-air mixtures likely to be encountered. The electrical equipment not covered by Section 5455 shall comply with (d) and (e) of this Section.
(m) Electrostatic fluidized beds and associated equipment shall be of approved types. The high voltage circuits shall be so designed that any discharge produced when the charging electrodes of the bed are approached, or contacted by a grounded object shall not be of sufficient intensity to ignite any powder-air mixture likely to be encountered, nor result in an appreciable shock hazard.
(n) Transformers, high voltage supply, control apparatus and all other electrical portions of the equipment, with the exception of the charging electrodes and their connections to the power supply shall be located outside of the powder coating area or shall otherwise conform to the requirements (d) and (e) of this Section.
(o) All electrically conductive objects within the powder coating area shall be grounded. The powder coating equipment shall carry a prominent, permanently installed warning regarding the necessity for grounding these objects.
(p) Objects being coated shall be maintained in electrical contact with the conveyor or other support in order to insure proper grounding. Hangers shall be regularly cleaned to insure effective contact and areas of contact shall be sharp points or knife edges where possible.
(q) The electrical equipment shall be so interlocked with the ventilation system that the equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5461. Organic Peroxides and Dual Component Coatings.
(a) Extreme care shall be exercised at all times to prevent the contamination of organic peroxide initiators with any foreign substance. Only spray guns and related handling equipment specifically manufactured for use with organic peroxides shall be used. Separate pressure vessels and inserts specific for the application shall be used for the resin and for the organic peroxide and they shall not be interchanged.
(b) Organic peroxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless steel, polyethylene, or other chemically nonreactive materials.
(c) Extreme care shall be exercised to prevent any mixing of dusts or overspray residues resulting from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing organic peroxides with other materials. Such mixing may result in a spontaneous fire or explosion.
(d) All spilled peroxides shall be promptly removed so there are no residues. Spilled material may be absorbed by using a noncombustible absorbent and then promptly disposed of in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
(e) Organic peroxides shall be stored in a cool, detached building apart from other finishing materials, and only minimum daily requirements shall be brought to the processing area; such material remaining at the spraying station at the end of a day's operations shall be carefully disposed of. Organic peroxides shall be kept away from all sources of heat including steam pipes, radiators, open flames or sparks and solar radiation.
(f) Extreme care shall be exercised in handling organic peroxides to avoid shock and friction which can cause decomposition and violent reaction.
(g) Organic peroxides shall not be mixed directly with any accelerators or promoters as violent decomposition or explosion may result.
(h) Smoking shall be prohibited and "No Smoking" signs shall be prominently displayed and only nonsparking tools shall be used in any area where organic peroxides are stored, mixed or applied.
(i) Only specifically trained personnel shall be permitted to work with these materials.
(j) Spraying with organic peroxides and other dual-component coatings shall be conducted only in sprinkler-equipped spray booths.
(k) All wetted portions of organic peroxide handling equipment shall be constructed of stainless steel (300 series), polyethylene, Teflon (registered trademark) or other materials which are specifically recommended for the application.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5465. Gaseous Hydrogen at Consumer Sites.
(a) Purpose. This Section covers the general principles for the installation of gaseous hydrogen systems on consumer premises where the hydrogen supply to the consumer premises originates outside the consumer premises and is delivered by mobile equipment.
Exceptions:

1. Systems using containers have a total hydrogen content of less than 400 CF.
2. Hydrogen manufacturing plants or other establishments operated by the hydrogen supplier or his agent for the purpose of storing hydrogen and refilling portable containers, trailers, mobile supply trucks or tank cars.
(Title 24, T8-5465)

s 5466. Design of Hydrogen Systems.
(a) Hydrogen containers shall comply with one of the following:
(1) Designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with appropriate requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Unfired Pressure Vessels (1974).
(2) Designed, constructed, tested and maintained in accordance with U.S. Department of Transportation (formerly Interstate Commerce Commission) Specifications and Regulations.
(b) Permanently installed containers shall be provided with substantial noncombustible supports on firm, noncombustible foundations.
(c) Each portable container and manifold hydrogen supply unit shall be legibly marked with the name HYDROGEN or a legend such as "This unit contains hydrogen," the height of the letters shall not be less than 1/25th of the diameter of the cylinder, the stroke shall be not less than 1/8th inch.

s 5467. Safety Relief Devices.
(a) Hydrogen containers shall be equipped with safety relief devices as required by the ASME Code or the DOT Specification and Regulations under which the container is fabricated. (continued)