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(continued)
a. The batch pumped during the test interval should be diverted into a clean tank and a sample taken within one hour after cessation of pumping.
b. If the sampling of the delivery tank is to be delayed beyond one hour, then the tank selected must be equipped with an adequate mixing means. For valid comparison, the sampling of the delivery tank must be completed within eight hours after cessation of pumping, even though the tank is equipped with a motor-driven mixer.
c. When making a normal full-tank delivery from a tank, a properly secured sample may be used to check the results of the sampler if the parties mutually agree to this procedure.
7. "Receiver." The receiver must be a clean, dry container of convenient size to receive the sample. All connections from the sample probe to the sample container must be free of leaks. Two types of container may be used, depending upon service requirements.
a. "Atmospheric container." The atmospheric container shall be constructed in such a way that it retards evaporation loss and protects the sample from extraneous material such as rain, snow, dust, and trash. The construction should allow cleaning, interior inspection, and complete mixing of the sample prior to removal. The container should be provided with a suitable vent.
b. "Closed container." The closed container shall be constructed in such a manner that it prevents evaporation loss. The construction must allow cleaning, interior inspection and complete mixing of the sample prior to removal. The container should be equipped with a pressure-relief valve.
(B) "Procedure."
1. "Nonautomatic sample."
a. Adjust the valve or plug cock from the sampling probe so that a steady stream is drawn from the probe. Whenever possible, the rate of sample withdrawal should be such that the velocity of liquid flowing through the probe is approximately equal to the average linear velocity of the stream flowing through the pipeline. Measure and record the rate of sample withdrawal as gallons per hour. Divert the sample stream to the sampling container continuously or intermittently to provide a quantity of sample that will be of sufficient size for analysis.
2. "Automatic sampling." Purge the sampler and the sampling lines immediately before the start of a sampling operation. If the sample design is such that complete purging is not possible, circulate a continuous stream from the probe past or through the sampler and back into the line. Withdraw the sample from the side stream through the automatic sampler using the shortest possible connections. Adjust the sampler to deliver not less than 1 and not more than 40 gallons (151 liters) of sample during the desired sampling period. For time-cycle samplers, record the rate at which sample increments were taken per minute. For flow-responsive samplers, record the proportion of sample to total stream. Label the samples and deliver them to the laboratory in the containers in which they were collected.
(4) "Nozzle sampling." The nozzle sampling procedure is applicable for sampling product from a service station underground storage tank.
(A) "Apparatus." Sample containers conforming with (d)(1) should be used. A spacer, as shown in Figure 6, shall be used, if appropriate. When obtaining a sample for RVP or distillation analysis, an ice water bath and nozzle extension, as shown in Figure 7, shall be used. When obtaining a sample for other than RVP or distillation analysis, neither the ice water bath nor the nozzle extension need to be used.
(B) "Procedure."
1. When obtaining a sample for RVP or distillation analysis, conduct the sampling in the following manner: Immediately after gasoline has been delivered from pump and pump has been reset, deliver a small amount of product into the sample container, using spacer (Figure 6), if needed, on the pump nozzle (vapor recovery type). Rinse sample container and dump product into waste container. Insert nozzle extension (Figure 7) into sample container and insert pump nozzle into extension with slot over air bleed hole (if the extension is equipped with a slot). Replace sample container in chilling medium and fill slowly through nozzle extension to 70-80 percent full (Figure 8). Remove nozzle extension. Cap container at once. Check for leaks. Discard container and resample if leak occurs. If container is leak tight, place container in a cold chest of ice water.
2. When obtaining a sample for other than RVP or distillation analysis, the following procedure may be used instead of the procedure in (k)(4)(B)1: Immediately after product has been delivered from pump and pump has been reset, deliver a small amount of product into the sample container, using spacer (Figure 6), if needed, on the pump nozzle (vapor recovery type). Rinse sample container and dump product into waste container. Fill slowly with the nozzle to 70-80 percent full. Cap container at once. Check for leaks. Discard container and resample if leak occurs.
(l) "Special precautions and instructions for RVP Sampling."
(1) "Precautions." Vapor pressures are extremely sensitive to evaporation losses and to slight changes in composition. When obtaining, storing, or handling samples, observe the necessary precautions to ensure samples representative of the product and satisfactory for RVP tests. Official samples should be taken by, or under the immediate supervision of a person of judgment, skill, and sampling experience. Never prepare composite samples for RVP testing. Make certain that containers which are to be shipped by common carrier conform to Interstate Commerce Commission, state, or local regulations. When flushing or purging lines or containers, observe the pertinent regulations and precautions against fire, explosion, and other hazards.
(2) "Sample containers." Use containers of not less than 1 quart (1 liter) nor more than 2 gallons (7.5 liters) capacity, of sufficient strength to withstand the pressures to which they may be subjected, and of a type that will permit replacement of the cap or stopper with suitable connections for transferring the sample to the gasoline chamber (if applicable) of the vapor pressure apparatus. Open-type containers have a single opening which permits sampling by immersion. Closed-type containers have two openings, one in each end (or the equivalent thereof), fitted with valves suitable for sampling by water displacement or by purging.
(3) "Transfer connections." The transfer connection for the open-type container consists of an air tube and a liquid delivery tube assembled in a cap or stopper. The air tube extends to the bottom of the container. One end of the liquid delivery tube is flush with the inside face of the cap or stopper and the tube is long enough to reach the bottom of the gasoline chamber while the sample is being transferred to the chamber. The transfer connection for the closed-type container consists of a single tube with a connection suitable for attaching it to one of the openings of the sample container. The tube is long enough to reach the bottom of the gasoline chamber while the sample is being transferred.
(4) "Sampling open tanks." Use clean containers of the open type when sampling open tanks and tank cars. An all-level sample obtained by the bottle procedure, (k)(1) is recommended. Before taking the sample, flush the container by immersing it in the product to be sampled. Then obtain the sample immediately. Fill to 70-80 percent and close it promptly. Label the container and deliver it to the laboratory.
(5) "Sampling closed tanks." Containers of either the open or closed type may be used to obtain samples from closed or pressure tanks. If an open type container is used, follow the cooling bath procedure described in (l)(7) or (l)(10). If the closed type is used, obtain the sample using the water displacement procedure, (l)(8), or the purging procedure, (l)(9). The water displacement procedure is preferable because the flow of product involved in the purging procedure may be hazardous.
(6) "Cooling bath." A bath (Figure 5) of sufficient size to hold the sample container and a cooling coil of about 25 feet (8 m) of copper tubing (3/8 inch (9 mm) or less outside diameter) shall be required when using the procedure described in (l)(7). One end of the coil is provided with a connection for attaching it to the tank sampling tap or valve. The other end is fitted with a suitable valve (outlet) of good quality. A removable copper tube of 3/8 inch or less outside diameter and of sufficient length to reach the bottom of the sample container shall be connected to the open end of the outlet valve.
(7) "Cooling bath procedure." When using a cooling bath and a container of the open type, keep it at a temperature of 32 degrees to 40 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees to 4.5 degrees centigrade) during the sampling operation by using the cooling bath (Figure 5). Connect the coil to the tank sampling tap or valve and flush it with a sufficient amount of product to ensure complete purging. When obtaining a sample, throttle the outlet valve so that the pressure in the coil will be approximately the same as that in the tank. Fill the container once to wash and cool it, and discard the wash product. Then draw the sample immediately. Pour off enough so that the container will be 70-80 percent full and close it promptly. Label the container and deliver it to the laboratory.
(8) "Water displacement procedure." Completely fill the closed-type container with water and close the valves. The water should be at the same temperature or lower than that of the product to be sampled. While permitting a small amount of product to flow through the fittings, connect the top or inlet valve of the container to the tank sampling tap or valve. Then open all valves on the inlet side of the container. Open the bottom or outlet valve slightly to allow the water to be displaced slowly by the sample entering the container. Regulate the flow so that there is no appreciable change in pressure within the container. Close the outlet valve as soon as gasoline discharges from the outlet; then in succession close the inlet valve and the sampling valve on the tank. Disconnect the container and withdraw enough of the contents so that it will be 70-80 percent full. If the vapor pressure of the product is not high enough to force liquid from the container, open both the upper and lower valves slightly to remove the excess. Promptly seal and label the container, and deliver it to the laboratory.
(9) "Purging procedure." Connect the inlet valve of the closed-type container to the tank sampling tap or valve. Throttle the outlet valve of the container so that the pressure in it will be approximately equal to that in the container being sampled. Allow a volume of product equal to at least twice that of the container to flow through the sampling system. Then close all valves, the outlet valve first, the inlet valve of the container second, and the tank sampling valve last, and disconnect the container immediately. Withdraw enough of the contents so that the sample container will be 70-80 percent full. If the vapor pressure of the product is not high enough to force liquid from the container, open both the upper and lower valves slightly to remove the excess. Promptly seal and label the container and deliver it to the laboratory.
(10) "Nozzle sampling procedure." When using a container of the open type, keep it at a temperature of 32 degrees to 40 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degree to 4.5 degrees centigrade) when sampling by the nozzle sampling procedure. The container may be chilled by placing it into an ice chest containing ice (frozen water). The sampling is accomplished following the procedure in (k)(4).
Figure 1. Sampling Depths
Summary of Sampling Procedures and Applicability
Type of container Procedure Paragraph
Storage tanks, ship and Bottle sampling (k)(1)
barge tanks, tank cars,
tank trucks
Storage tanks with taps Tap sampling (k)(2)
Pipes and lines Continuous line (k)(3)
sampling
Service station under- Nozzle sampling (k)(4)
ground storage tanks
Figure 2. Assembly for Bottle Sampling
Metric Equivalents
in. 1/8 1 1 1/4 2 3/4 3 1/4 4 10 12 13 1/4
mm 3 25 45 70 83 102 250 300 350
Figure 3. Assembly for Tap Sampling
Figure 4. Probes for Continuous Sampling
Note: Probe may be pitted with valves or plug cocks. Probe should be disposed horizontally
Figure 5. Cooling Bath
Figure 6. Spacer for Nozzle Sampling
Make from 1/4 inch flat steel
All dimensions in inches
Break all edges and corners
Figure 7. Nozzle Extensions for Nozzle Sampling
Use 3/4 in. schedule 80 Black Iron Pipe
All dimensions in inches
All tolerences +1/128 inch
A - Recommend 30
B - Inside diameter Schedule 80 Black Iron Pipe
All dimensions in inches (not to scale).
All decimal dimensions represent minimum and maximum.
Tolerance for all other dimensions is +1/32".
Made of non-ferrous material, unaffected by gasoline.
Figure 8. Assembly for Nozzle Sampling
Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43830, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39500, 41511, 43000, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43830, Health and Safety Code; andWestern Oil and Gas Ass'nv.Orange County APCD, 14 Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975).
s 2297. Test Method for the Determination of the Reid Vapor Pressure Equivalent Using an Automated Vapor Pressure Test Instrument.
(a) Scope.
(1.0) This test method covers the determination of the total pressure, exerted in vacuum, by air-containing, volatile, petroleum products. The test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0° C (32° F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 130 kPa (1.0 and 19 psi) at 37.8° C (100° F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4:1. The test method is suitable for testing gasoline samples which contain oxygenates. No account is made of dissolved water in the sample. (Samples can also be tested at other vapor-to-liquid ratios, temperatures and pressures, but the Precision and Bias as described in section (k) do not necessarily apply.)
(2.0) This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments that perform measurements on liquid specimen sizes in the range from 1 to 10 ml.
(3.0) Standard values are specified in SI units (International System of Units). The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
(4.0) This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This test method does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see section (g)(5.0).
(b) Summary of Test Method.
(1.0) A known volume of chilled, air-saturated sample is introduced into a thermostatically controlled test chamber, the internal volume of which is five times that of the total test specimen introduced into the chamber. A vacuum is applied to the chamber in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. After introduction into the test chamber the test specimen is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium at the test temperature, 37.8° C (100° F). The resulting rise in pressure in the chamber is measured using a pressure transducer sensor and indicator.
(2.0) Only the sum of the partial pressure of the sample and the partialpressure of the dissolved air (commonly known as the total pressure) are used in this test method. Note that some instruments may call this pressure measurement by another term. Also note that some instruments are capable of measuring the absolute pressure of the specimen as well.
(3.0) The measured total vapor pressure is converted to a Reid vapor pressure equivalent (RVPE) by use of a calibration equation (section (i)(1.0)). This calculation converts the measured total pressure to the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) expected from the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Test Method D 323-58.
(c) Apparatus.
(1.0) Vapor Pressure Apparatus - An appropriate instrument, designed for the intended use should be selected. The minimum performance level for the automated vapor pressure test instrument is that the instrument shall perform as well as, or better than, the precision criteria set forth in the ASTM D323- 58, which is incorporated herein by reference. The ASTM D323-58 states a repeatability value of 0.2 psi and a reproducibility value of 0.3 psi. The instrument shall provide accurate results which are comparable to the RVP measured by the ASTM 323-58. Typically, the type of apparatus suitable for use in this test method employs a small volume test chamber incorporating a transducer for pressure measurements and associated equipment for thermostatically controlling the chamber temperature and for evacuating the test chamber.
(1.1) The test chamber shall be designed to contain between 5 and 50 ml of liquid and vapor and be capable of maintaining a vapor-to-liquid ratio between 3.95 to 1.00 and 4.05 to 1.00.
(1.2) The pressure transducer shall have a minimum operational range from 0 to 177 kPa (0 to 25.6 psi) with a minimum resolution of 0.1 kPa (0.01 psi) and a minimum accuracy of +- 0.3 kPa (+- 0.05 psi). The pressure measurement system shall include associated electronics and readout devices to display the resulting pressure reading.
(1.3) The thermostatically controlled heater shall be used to maintain the test chamber at 37.8 +- 0.1° C (100 +- 0.2° F) for the duration of the test.
(1.4) A platinum resistance thermometer shall be used for measuring the temperature of the test chamber. The minimum temperature range of the measuring device shall be from ambient to 60° C (140° F) with a resolution of 0.1° C (0.2° F) and accuracy of 0.1° C (0.2° F).
(1.5) The vapor pressure apparatus shall have provisions for introduction of the test specimen into the test chamber and for the cleaning or purging of the chamber following the test.
(2.0) A vacuum pump (if required by the manufacturer's instructions) shall be capable of reducing the pressure in the test chamber to less than 0.01 kPa (0.001 psi) absolute.
(3.0) A syringe (optional, depending on sample introduction mechanism employed with each instrument) shall be gas-tight. The syringe shall be 1 to 20-ml capacity with a +- 1% or better precision. The capacity of the syringe should not exceed two times the volume of the test specimen being dispensed.
(4.0) Ice Water Bath or Refrigerator (Air Bath): for chilling the samples and syringe to temperatures betweens and 1° C (32 to 34° F).
(5.0) Mercury Barometer (if required by the manufacturer's instructions): in the 0 to 120 kPa (0 to 17.4 psi) range.
(6.0) McLeod Vacuum Gage (if required by the manufacturer's instructions): to cover at least the range from 0 to 0.67 kPa (0 to 5mm Hg).
(d) Sampling.
(1.0) Obtain a sample in accordance with title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 2296.
(2.0) The extreme sensitivity of vapor pressure measurements to losses through evaporation and the resulting changes in composition is such as to require the utmost precaution and most meticulous care in the handling of samples.
(3.0) Protect samples from excessive high temperatures prior to testing. This can be accomplished by storage in an appropriate ice water bath or refrigerator.
(4.0) Do not test samples stored in leaky containers. Discard and obtain another sample if leaks are detected.
(e) Preparation of Apparatus.
(1.0) Prepare the instrument for operation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
(2.0) Clean and prepare the test chamber as required to avoid contamination of the test specimen.
(3.0) For instruments that require that the test chamber be evacuated prior to the introduction of the test specimen: Prior to specimen introduction, visually determine from the instrument display that the test chamber pressure is stable and does not exceed 0.1 kPa (0.01 psi). When the pressure is not stable or exceeds this value, check that the chamber is clean of volatile materials remaining in the chamber from a previous specimen or check the calibration of the transducer.
(4.0) If a syringe is used for introduction of the specimen, chill it to between 0 and 4.5° C (32 and 40° F) in an ice water bath or a refrigerator before drawing in the specimen. Avoid water contamination of the syringe reservoir by suitably sealing the outlet of the syringe during the cooling process.
(5.0) For instruments using a pre-heated test chamber: Prior to introduction of the test specimen check that the temperature of the test chamber is within the required range from 37.8 +- 0.1° C (100 +- 0.2° F).
(f) Calibration.
(1.0) Pressure Transducer:
(1.1) Check the calibration of the pressure transducer on a monthly basisor when needed as indicated from the quality control checks (section (g)). The calibration of the pressure transducer is checked using two reference points, zero pressure (<0.1kPa) and the ambient baromtric pressure.
(1.2) Connect a McLeod gage to the vacuum source in line with the test chamber. Apply a vacuum to the test chamber. When the McLeod gage registers a pressure less than 0.1 kPa (0.8mm Hg, or 0.01 psi), adjust the pressure transducer control to zero or to the actual reading on the McLeod gage as dictated by the instrument design and manufacturer's instructions.
(1.3) Open the test chamber to the atmosphere and observe the pressure transducer reading. If the pressure reading is not equal to the ambient barometric pressure, then adjust the pressure transducer span control until the appropriate reading is observed. Ensure that the instrument is set to display the total pressure and not a calculated or corrected value.
(1.4) Repeat steps (f)(1.2) and (f)(1.3) until the zero and barometric pressures read correctly without further adjustments.
(2.0) Thermometer - Check the calibration of the platinum resistance thermometer used to monitor the temperature of the test chamber at least every six months against a National Institute on Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable thermometer.
(g) Quality Control Checks.
(1.0) Check the performance of the instrument each day it is in use by running a quality control sample consisting of a pure solvent of known vapor pressure similar to the vapor pressure of the samples to be tested. Treat the pure solvent quality control check sample in the same manner as a sample (section (h)). Record the total vapor pressure (do not calculate a Reid vapor pressure equivalent) in a log for the purpose of tracking the instrument's performance. If the total vapor pressure differs from the previous entry (for the same pure solvent) in the log by more than +- 1.0 kPa (0.15 psi), then check the instrument calibration (section (f)). If the trend of the log shows variations of more than +- 1.0 kPa (0.15 psi) (for the same pure solvent), also check the instrument calibration.
(2.0) Some of the possible reference pure materials and their corresponding absolute vapor pressures include:
cyclohexane 22.5 kPa (3.27 psi)
cyclopentane 68.3 kPa (9.92 psi)
2,2-dimethylbutane 67.9 kPa (9.86 psi)
2,3-dimethylbutane 51.1 kPa (1.41 psi)
2-methylpentane 46.7 kPa (6.77 psi)
toluene 7.1 kPa (1.03 psi)
(The total pressure values cited were obtained from Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, OK, or the Table of Physical Constants, National Gas Producer Association.)
(3.0) Purity of Reagents - Use chemicals of at least 99% purity for quality control checks. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such specifications are available. ( "Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications," Am. Chemical Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical Society, see "Reagent Chemicals and Standards," by Joseph Rosin, D. Van Nostrand Co, Inc., New York, NY and the "United States Pharmacopeia.") Lower purities can be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficient purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
(4.0) The chemicals in this section are suggested for use in quality control procedures; not for instrument calibration.
(5.0) WARNING -Cyclohexane, cyclopentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 3,2- dimethylbutane, 2-methylpentane, and toluene are extremely flammable. They are an aspiration hazard and are harmful if inhaled. They are also a skin irritant on repeated contact.
(h) Procedure.
(1.0) Sample Temperature - Cool the sample container and contents in an ice water bath or refrigerator to the 0 to 1° C (32 to 34° F) range prior to opening the sample container. Allow sufficient time to reach this temperature.
(2.0) Verification of Sample Container Filling - After the sample reaches thermal equilibrium at 0 to 1° C, take the container from the ice water bath or refrigerator, wipe dry with an absorbent material, unseal and examine the ullage. With a suitable gage, determine that the liquid content in the container is between 70 to 80% of the volume of the container capacity.
(2.1) Discard the sample if the liquid content of the container is less than 70% of the volume of the container capacity.
(2.2) If the liquid content of the container is more than 80% of the volume of the container capacity, pour out enough sample to bring the liquid contents within the 70 to 80% volume range.
(3.0) Air Saturation of Sample in Sample Container
(3.1) After determining that the liquid content in the sample container is between 70 to 80% full, reseal the container and shake vigorously. Return the container to the ice water bath or refrigerator for a minimum of 2 minutes.
(4.0) Remove the sample from the ice water bath or refrigerator, dry the exterior of the container with absorbent material, uncap, insert a transfer tube or syringe (section (e)(4.0)). Draw a bubble-free aliquot of sample into a gas tight syringe or transfer tube and deliver this test specimen to the test chamber as rapidly as possible. The total time between opening the chilled sample container and inserting/securing the syringe into the sealed test chamber shall not exceed 1 minute.
(5.0) The vapor pressure determination shall be performed on the first test specimen withdrawn from a sample container. Successive vapor pressure determinations can be made on the remaining test material in the same container if the container had been tightly sealed immediately after the previous vapor pressure determination.
(6.0) Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the introduction of the test specimen into the test chamber, and for the operation of the instrument to obtain a total vapor pressure result for the test specimen.
(7.0) Set the instrument to read the result in terms of total vapor pressure. If the instrument is capable of calculating a Reid vapor pressure equivalent value, ensure that only the parameters described in section (i)(2.0) are used.
(8.0) Verification of Single Phase - After drawing a test specimen and introducing it into the instrument for analysis, check the remaining sample for phase separation. If the sample is contained in a glass container, this observation can be made prior to sample transfer. If the sample is contained in a non-transparent container, mix the sample thoroughly and immediately pour a portion of the remaining sample into a glass container and observe for evidence of phase separation. If the sample is not clear and bright or if a second phase is observed, discretion shall be used to determine if the sample is truly representative.
(9.0) Record the total vapor pressure reading from the instrument to the nearest 0.1 kPa (0.01 psi). For instruments that do not automatically record or display a stable pressure value, manually record the pressure indicator reading every minute to the nearest 0.1 kPa; and, when three successive readings agree to within 0.1 kPa, record the result to the nearest 0.1 kPa (0.01 psi).
(i) Calculation.
(1.0) Calibration Equation - Calculate the Reid vapor pressure equivalent (RVPE) using the following calibration equation. Ensure that the instrument reading used in this equation corresponds to the total pressure and has not been corrected by an automatically programmed correction factor.
Equation 1:
RVPE = aX - b
where:
"RVPE" is the vapor pressure value (in psi) that would be expected from test method ASTM D323-58;
"a" is the correlative relationship of test data from the specific automated vapor pressure test instrument and test data from ASTM D323-58;
"X" is the total vapor pressure value (in psi) as determined by the specific automated vapor pressure test instrument;
"b" is the offset of the test data between the specific automated vapor pressure test instrument and the test data from ASTM D323-58.
The data used for determining the calibration equation for each instrument shall be obtained during an Air Resources Board vapor pressure test program. The data shall consist of test results obtained from the analysis of identical samples by the automated instrument and by ASTM D323-58. Vapor pressure test programs may be conducted on a periodic basis as needed. The Air Resources Board conducted such a program and determined that the following automated vapor pressure test instruments meet the requirements of section (c). The data from the test program were used to arrive at the calibration equations for these instruments. The calibration equations are as follows:
1. Grabner Instruments,
Model: CCA-VP (laboratory Grabner) RVPE = (.965) x - .304
2. Grabner Instruments,
Model: CCA-VPS (portable Grabner) RVPE = (.972) x - .715
3. Stanhope-Seta Limited,
Model: Setavap RVPE = (.961) x - .577
(2.0) The calculation described in section (i)(1.0), above, can be accomplished automatically by the instrument, if so equipped, and in such cases the user shall not apply any further corrections.
(j) Report.
(1.0) Report the Reid vapor pressure equivalent to the nearest 0.1 kPa (0.01 psi).
(k) Precision and Bias.
(1.0) Precision - The precision of this test method as determined by the statistical examination of interlaboratory test results is as follows:
(1.1) Repeatability - The difference between successive test results obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, in the correct operation of the test method exceed the following value only in one case in twenty. The repeatability values for the specific automated vapor pressure test instruments listed in section (i)(1.0) are:
1. Grabner Instruments, Model: CCA-VP (laboratory Grabner) 0.084 psi 2. Grabner Instruments, Model: CCA-VPS (portable Grabner) 0.084 psi 3. Stanhope-Seta Limited Model: Setavap 0.10 psi
(1.2) Reproducibility - The difference between two single and independent test results obtained by different operators working in different laboratories using the same make and model test instrument on identical test material would, in the long run, in the correct operation of the test method exceed the following value only in one case in twenty. The reproducibility values for the specific automated vapor pressure test instruments listed in section (i)(1.0) are:
1. Grabner Instruments, Model: CCA-VP (laboratory Grabner) 0.13 psi 2. Grabner Instruments, Model: CCA-VPS (portable Grabner) 0.21 psi 3. Stanhope-Seta Limited Model: Setavap 0.32 psi
(2.0) Bias - A relative bias was observed between the total pressure obtained using this test method and the Reid vapor pressure obtained using ASTM Test Method D323-58. This bias is corrected by the use of the calibration equation in section (i)(1.0) which calculates a Reid vapor pressure equivalent value from the observed total pressure.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, and 43830, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n . v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District , 14 Cal.3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference: Sections 39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39500, 43000, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43830, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n . v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District , 14 Cal.3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975).
s 2298. Conversion of Volume Percent Oxygenate to Weight Percent Oxygen in Gasoline.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43830, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39500, 41511, 43000, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43830, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District, 14 Cal.3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975).
s 2299. Standards for Nonvehicular Diesel Fuel Used in Diesel-Electric Intrastate Locomotives and Harborcraft.
(a)Requirements.
(1) Standards for Nonvehicular Diesel Fuel Used in Harborcraft in the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Beginning January 1, 2006.Beginning January 1, 2006, California nonvehicular diesel fuel sold, offered for sale, or supplied within the SCAQMD for use in harborcraft is subject to all of the requirements of Title 13 CCR sections 2281 (sulfur content), 2282 (aromatic hydrocarbons content) and 2284 (lubricity) applicable to vehicular diesel fuel, and shall be treated under those sections as if it were vehicular diesel fuel.
(2)Standards for Nonvehicular Diesel Fuel Used in Intrastate Diesel-Electric Locomotives and Harborcraft Beginning January 1, 2007. Beginning January 1, 2007, California nonvehicular diesel fuel sold, offered for sale, or supplied for use in diesel-electric intrastate locomotives or harborcraft is subject to all of the requirements of title 13 CCR sections 2281 (sulfur content), 2282 (aromatic hydrocarbons content) and 2284 (lubricity) applicable to vehicular diesel fuel, and shall be treated under those sections as if it were vehicular diesel fuel.
(3)Exemption for military specification fuel used in military vessels. The requirements of this section do not apply to military specification fuel that is sold, offered for sale, or supplied for use in marine vessels owned or operated by the armed forces of the United States.
(b) Definitions.
(1) "California nonvehicular diesel fuel" means any diesel fuel that is not vehicular diesel fuel as defined respectively in title 13 CCR sections 2281(b), 2282(b), or 2284(b) and that is sold or made available for use in engines in California.
(2) "Diesel-electric locomotive" means a locomotive using electric power provided by a diesel engine that drives a generator or alternator; the electrical power produced then drives the wheels using electric motors.
(3) "Diesel fuel" means any fuel that is commonly or commercially known, sold or represented as diesel fuel, including any mixture of primarily liquid hydrocarbons that is sold or represented as suitable for use in an internal combustion, compression-ignition engine.
(4) "Harborcraft" means any marine vessel that meets all of the following criteria:
(A) The vessel does not carry a "registry" (foreign trade) endorsement on its United States Coast Guard certificate of documentation, and is not registered under the flag of a country other than the United States;
(B) The vessel is less than 400 feet in length overall (LOA) as defined in 50 CFR s 679.2 as adopted June 19, 1996;
(C) The vessel is less than 10,000 gross tons (GT ITC) per the convention measurement (international system) as defined in 46 CFR s 69.51-.61, as adopted September 12, 1989; and
(D) The vessel is propelled by a marine diesel engine with a per-cylinder displacement of less than 30 liters.
(5) "Intrastate diesel-electric locomotive" means:
(A) A diesel-electric locomotive that operates within California for which at least 90 percent of its annual fuel consumption, annual hours of operation, or annual rail miles traveled occur within California. This definition would typically include, but not be limited to, diesel-electric locomotives used in the following operations: passenger intercity and commuter, short haul, short line, switch, industrial, port, and terminal operations;
(B) An intrastate diesel-electric locomotive does not include those diesel-electric locomotives that:
1. Meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tier II locomotive emission standards, and
2. Primarily move freight into and out of the South Coast Air Quality Management District, and
3. Have been included as a diesel-electric locomotive operating in the South Coast Nonattainment Area under paragraph IV.B. of the Memorandum of Mutual Understandings and Agreements for the South Coast Locomotive Fleet Average Emissions Program, dated July 2, 1998.
(C) (This subsection reserved for consideration of diesel-electric locomotives that meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tier II locomotive emission standards and primarily move freight within California outside of the South Coast Air Quality Management District.)
(6) "Locomotive" means a piece of on-track equipment designed for moving or propelling cars that are designed to carry freight, passengers or other equipment, but which itself is not designed or intended to carry freight, passengers (other than those operating the locomotive) or other equipment.
(7) "Marine vessel" means any ship, boat, watercraft, or other artificial contrivance used as a means of transportation on water.
(c) Alternative Emission Reduction Plan for Intrastate Diesel-Electric Locomotives. For an owner or operator of an intrastate diesel-electric locomotive who has submitted an alternative emission reduction plan (plan) that contains a substitute fuel(s) and/or emission control strategy(s) and has been approved by the Executive Officer, compliance with the alternative emission reduction plan (plan) shall constitute compliance with the requirements of subsection (a)(2). In order to be approved, the plan must do all of the following:
(1) Identify or define the total fuel consumption and total emissions that would be associated with the activities of the diesel-electric locomotives were the owner or operator to comply with subsection (a)(2).
(2) Define a substitute fuel(s) and/or emission control strategy(s) for the plan.
(3) Identify the emission reductions that are attributable to the substitute fuel(s) and/or emission control strategy(s) relative to the emission reductions achieved through compliance with subsection (a)(2).
(4) Demonstrate that the substitute fuel(s) and/or emission control strategy(s) in the plan provide equivalent or better emission benefits than would be achieved through compliance with subsection (a)(2). The emission benefits achieved under the plan shall be targeted towards residents in those parts of the state most impacted by diesel-electric locomotive emissions.
(5) The plan shall contain adequate enforcement provisions.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013 and 43018, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District, 14 Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference: Sections 39000, 39001, 39515, 39516, 41511, 43013, 43016 and 43018, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District, 14 Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975).
s 2300. Definitions.
(a) The following definitions apply to Chapter 8.
(1) "Affiliate" means any person who owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership and control with, another person.
(2) "CEC" means the Energy Resources, Conservation and Development Commission.
(3) "Clean alternative fuel" means any fuel used as the certification fuel in a low-emission vehicle, other than the primary gasoline or diesel fuel used in exhaust emission certification testing pursuant to the ARB's "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 1960.1, or "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 1961.
(4) "CNG" means compressed natural gas.
(4.3) "Compliance year" means the 12 month period running from May 1 through April 30.
(4.7) "Dedicated vehicle" means a low-emission vehicle designed and engineered to be operated solely on a clean alternative fuel, and not on gasoline or any mixture of gasoline and the clean alternative fuel.
(5) "Designated clean fuel" means any clean alternative fuel other than electricity.
(6) "Distribute" means to physically transfer from a production or importation facility and irrevocably release into commerce for use as a motor vehicle fuel in California.
(7) "Distributor" has the same meaning as defined in section 20999 of the Business and Professions Code.
(8) "Dual-fuel vehicle" means any motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be capable of operating on gasoline, and on liquified petroleum gas, CNG or liquified natural gas.
(9) "Executive officer" means the executive officer of the Air Resources Board, or his or her designee.
(10) "Fleet operator" means, for any given calendar year, the operator in that year of fifteen or more low-emission vehicles that are certified on a particular designated clean fuel and that are under common ownership or operation in California.
(10.5) "Fleet vehicle" means one of fifteen or more low-emission vehicles that are certified on a particular designated clean fuel and that are under common ownership or operation in California.
(11) "Flexible-fuel vehicle" means any alcohol-fueled motor vehicle that is engineered and designed to be operated using any gasoline-alcohol mixture or blend.
(12) "Franchise," "franchisor," and "franchisee" have the same meaning as defined in section 20999 of the Business and Professions Code.
(13) "Gasoline supplier" means any person, including affiliates of such person, who produces gasoline for use in California or imports gasoline into California.
(14) "Import" means to bring motor vehicle fuel into California for the first time for use in motor vehicles in California.
(15) "Liquid designated clean fuel" means any designated clean fuel that is dispensed into motor vehicles in liquid form.
(16) "Low-emission vehicle" means any vehicle certified to the transitional low-emission vehicle, low-emission vehicle, ultra-low-emission vehicle, super ultra-low emission vehicle, or zero-emission vehicle standards established in Title 13, California Code of Regulations, sections 1960.1 or 1961.
(17) "Major breakdown" means an unforeseeable mechanical or electrical failure off CNG dispensing equipment which cannot in the exercise of reasonable diligence be repaired in 72 hours or less.
(19) "Minor breakdown" means an unforeseeable mechanical or electrical failure of CNG dispensing equipment which can in the exercise of reasonable diligence be repaired in 72 hours or less.
(20) "Non-retail facility" means any establishment at which a designated clean fuel is supplied or offered for supply to motor vehicles, but is not supplied or offered to the general public.
(21) "Owner/lessor" means:
(A) In the case of a retail gasoline outlet which is owned, leased or controlled by a franchisor, and which the franchisee is authorized or permitted, under the franchise, to employ in connection with the sale of gasoline, the franchisor.
(B) In the case of a retail gasoline outlet which is owned, leased or controlled by a refiner or a distributor, and is operated by the refiner or distributor or his agent, the refiner or distributor.
(C) In the case of all other retail gasoline outlets, the owner of the retail gasoline outlet.
(22) "Primary designated clean fuel" means a designated clean fuel for which a substitute fuel has been proposed or designated pursuant to section 2317.
(23) "Produce" means, in the case of any liquid motor vehicle fuel, to convert in California liquid compounds which do not constitute the fuel into the fuel.
(24) "Quarter" means the three month calendar quarters January-March, April-June, July-September, and October-December.
(25) "Refiner" has the same meaning as defined in section 20999 of the Business and Professions Code.
(26) "Refinery" means a facility that produces gasoline by means that include distilling petroleum.
(27) "Selected retail clean fuel outlet" means a specific retail clean fuel outlet which is equipped to store and dispense a designated clean fuel in order to comply with section 2302.
(28) "Retail clean fuel outlet" means an establishment which is equipped to dispense a designated clean fuel to motor vehicles and at which the designated clean fuel is sold or offered for sale to the general public for use in motor vehicles without the use of a key or card key and without the need to establish an account.
(29) "Retail gasoline outlet" means any establishment at which gasoline is sold or offered for sale to the general public for use in motor vehicles.
(31) "Vehicle conversion" means a modification of a gasoline or diesel fueled vehicle, not certified to a low-emission vehicle standard, to a vehicle which uses a designated clean fuel and which is capable of meeting low-emission vehicle exhaust emissions standards as demonstrated either by installation of an ARB-approved conversion system that achieves such low-emission standards or by individual vehicle testing.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 39667, 43013, 43018 and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District , 14 Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference: Sections 39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39500, 39515, 39516, 39667, 43000, 43013, 43018 and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District , 14 Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975).
s 2301. Equipping Retail Gasoline Outlets in the SCAQMD to Dispense Designated Clean Fuels in 1994 through 1996.
s 2302. Equipping Retail Gasoline Outlets or Other Outlets to Dispense Designated Clean Fuels.
(a) Any person who is the owner/lessor of an operating retail gasoline outlet shall, for each designated clean fuel, equip at least the required minimum number for each year, as determined in accordance with section 2307(d), of his or her retail gasoline outlets in the state, or of other outlets in the state, so that the outlets are retail clean fuel outlets for the designated clean fuel. The required minimum number of retail clean fuel outlets for each compliance year shall apply to the entire compliance year. The requirements of this section shall apply at all times during which a person is an owner/lessor of an operating retail gasoline outlet. The requirements of this section shall in any case be deemed satisfied with regard to a designated clean fuel if all of the owner/lessor's operating retail gasoline outlets are equipped as retail outlets for the designated clean fuel.
(b) In the case of any designated clean fuel which is in gaseous form, the dispensing equipment required by this section shall be designed for a minimum of four hours of high volume operation per day. For all retail gasoline outlets or other that are claimed by the owner/lessor to be equipped in order to satisfy the requirements of this section, the owner/lessor shall notify the operator in writing that the outlet is so equipped.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 39667, 43013, 43018 and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District , 14 Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975). Reference: Sections 39000, 39001, 39002, 39003, 39500, 39515, 39516, 39667, 43000, 43013, 43018 and 43101, Health and Safety Code; and Western Oil and Gas Ass'n. v. Orange County Air Pollution Control District , 14 Cal. 3d 411, 121 Cal. Rptr. 249 (1975).
s 2303. Determination of Total Projected Maximum Volumes of Designated Clean Fuels.
The executive officer shall determine the total projected maximum volume of each designated clean fuel for each year, at least fourteen months before the start of the year, in accordance with this section.
(a) Identification of designated clean fuels . The executive officer shall determine what designated clean fuels are expected to be used as the certification fuel in low- emission vehicles in the year. This determination shall be based on registration records of the Department of Motor Vehicles and projected production estimates submitted by motor vehicle manufacturers to the executive officer pursuant to the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 1960.1, and the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 1961. (continued)