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Exhaust Emission Standards
For 1985-2003 Model Heavy-Duty Engines Other than Urban Bus Engines
(grams per brake horsepower-hour [g/bhp-hr])
Total Optional
Hydrocarbons Non-metha- Carbon Oxides of
ne
Model Year or OMHCE Hydrocarb- Monoxide Nitrogen Particulates
[FNA] ons
[FNA]
1985-1986 1.3 15.5 5.1 -
1987 [FNB] 1.3 15.5 5.1 -
1988-1989 1.3 15.5 6.0 0.60
1990 1.3 1.2 15.5 6.0 0.60
1991-1993 [FNC] 1.3 1.2 15.5 5.0 0.25 [FND]
1994-1997 1.3 1.2 15.5 5.0 0.10 [FND]
1995-1997 [FNE] 1.3 1.2 15.5 3.5 to 0.5 0.10
1998-2003 [FNF] 1.3 1.2 15.5 4.0 [FNG], 0.10 [FNG]
[FNH]
1998-2003 [FNE] 1.3 1.2 15.5 2.5 to 0.5 0.10
[FNI]

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[FNA] The total or optional non-methane hydrocarbon standards apply to petroleum-fueled, natural-gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled engines. The Organic Material Hydrocarbon Equivalent, or OMHCE, standards apply to methanol-fueled engines.
[FNB] As an option a manufacturer may elect to certify to the 1988 model-year emission standards one year early, for the 1987 model year.
[FNC] For methanol-fueled engines, these standards shall be applicable beginning with the 1993 model year.
[FND] Emissions averaging may be used to meet this standard. Averaging is restricted to within each useful life subclass and is applicable only through the 1995 model year. Emissions from engines used in urban buses shall not be included in the averaging program.
[FNE] These are optional standards. A manufacturer may elect to certify to an optional NOx standard between the values, inclusive, by 0.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour increments. Engines certified to any of these optional NOx standards are not eligible for participation in any averaging, banking or trading programs described in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles" incorporated by reference in (b), below.
[FNF] These are mandatory standards.
[FNG] Engines of 1998 through 2003 model years may be eligible to generate banking credits based on these standards according to the requirements of the averaging, banking and trading programs described in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles" incorporated by reference in (b), below.
[FNH] May be used as the certification standard for the higher emitting fueling mode of an engine certified under the dual fueling mode certification process of (a)(3)(4), below.
[FNI] May be used as the certification standard for the lower emitting fueling mode of an engine certified under the dual fueling mode certification process of (a)(3)(4), below.
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(2)(A) The exhaust emissions from new 2004 and subsequent model heavy-duty diesel engines, heavy-duty natural gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled engines derived from diesel-cycle engines, and heavy-duty methanol-fueled diesel engines, and the optional, reduced-emission standards for 2002 and subsequent model engines produced beginning October 1, 2002, except in all cases engines used in medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(B)Phase-in Options.
1.Early NOx compliant engines. For model years 2007, 2008, and 2009, a manufacturer may, at their option, certify one or more of their engine families to the combined NOx plus NMHC standard or FEL applicable to model year 2006 engines under section 1956.8 (a)(2)(A), in lieu of the separate NOx and NMHC standards or FELs applicable to the 2007 and subsequent model years, specified in section 1956.8 (a)(2)(A). Each engine certified under this phase-in option must comply with all other emission requirements applicable to model year 2007 engines. To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the U.S.- directed production requirement of certifying no more than 50 percent of engines to the NOx plus NMHC standards or FELs applicable to 2006 engines, as specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007- 11(g)(1), as adopted January 18, 2001. In addition, a manufacturer may reduce the quantity of engines that are required to be phased-in using the early certification credit program specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11(g)(2), as adopted January 18, 2001, and the "Blue Sky" engine program specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11(g)(4), as adopted January 18, 2001.
2. Early PM compliant engines. A manufacturer certifying engines to the 2007 and subsequent model year PM standard listed in section 1956.8(a)(2)(A) (without using credits, as determined in any averaging, banking, or trading program described in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," to comply with the standards) before model year 2007 may reduce the number of engines that are required to meet the 2007 and subsequent model year PM standard listed in section 1956.8(a)(2)(A) in model year 2007, 2008 and/or 2009. To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the PM emission requirements pursuant to the methods detailed in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(2)(ii), as adopted January 18, 2001.
(3) Formaldehyde exhaust emissions from new 1993 and subsequent model methanol-fueled diesel engines, shall not exceed:
Model Year Formaldehyde
(g/bhp-hr)
1993-1995.............. 0.10
1996 and subsequent.... 0.05

(4) An engine family whose design allows engine operation in either of two distinct alternative fueling modes, where each fueling mode is characterized by use of one fuel or a combination of two fuels and by significantly different emission levels under each mode, may certify to a different NOx or NOx plus NMHC (as applicable depending on model year) standard for each fueling mode, provided it meets the following requirements:
(A) The NOx or NOx plus NMHC certification standard used for operation under the higher emitting fueling mode must be one of the standards denoted by footnote H in paragraph (a)(1) and footnote E in paragraph (a)(2).
(B) The NOx or NOx plus NMHC certification standard used for operation under the lower emitting fueling mode must be one of the reduced-emission standards denoted by footnote I in paragraph (a)(1) and footnote F in paragraph (a)(2).
(C) The engine family is not used to participate in any manufacturer's averaging, banking or trading program.
(D) The engine family meets all other emission requirements contained in this section.
(E) The higher emitting fueling mode must be intended only for fail-safe vehicle operation when a malfunction or inadvertent fuel depletion precludes operation in the lower emitting fueling mode, as evidenced by a significantly reduced horsepower versus engine speed curve when operating in the higher emitting fueling mode when compared to the similar curve for the lower emitting fueling mode.
(5) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere from any new 2007 or later model year diesel heavy-duty diesel engine, with the following exception: heavy-duty diesel engines equipped with turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction may discharge crankcase emissions to the ambient atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions (either physically or mathematically) during all emission testing. Manufacturers using this exception must manufacture the engines so that all crankcase emissions can be routed into a dilution tunnel (or other sampling system approved in advance by the Executive Officer), and must account for deterioration in crankcase emissions when determining exhaust deterioration factors. For the purpose of section 1956.8(a)(2), crankcase emissions that are routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all operation are not considered to be "discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere."
(b) The test procedures for determining compliance with standards applicable to 1985 and subsequent model heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles and the requirements for participation in the averaging, banking and trading programs, are set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," adopted April 8, 1985, as last amended December 12, 2002, the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," adopted December 12, 2002, and the "California Interim Certification Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, in the Urban Bus and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Classes," adopted October 24, 2002, which are incorporated by reference herein.
(c)(1)(A) The exhaust emissions from (i) new 1987 through 2004 model heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines (except methanol-fueled engines and except heavy-duty Otto-cycle natural-gas-fueled and liquified-petroleum-gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines derived from diesel-cycle engines) and (ii) from new 1993 through 2004 model heavy-duty methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines (except in all cases engines used in medium-duty vehicles) shall not exceed:
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Exhaust Emission Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines
(grams per brake horsepower-hour or g/bhp-hr)
Total Optional
Hydrocarbons Non-Methane Carbon Oxides of
Model Year or OMHCE Monoxide [FNB] Nitrogen
[FNA]#Hydrocarbons
[FNA]
1987 [FNC] 1.1 [FND] 14.4 [FND] 10.6
1.9 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 10.6
1988-1989 1.1 [FND] 14.4 [FND] 6.0
1.9 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 6.0
1990 1.1 0.9 [FND] 14.4 [FND] 6.0
1.9 [FNE] 1.7 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 6.0
1991-1994 1.1 [FND] 0.9 [FND] 14.4 [FND] 5.0
1.9 [FNE] 1.7 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 5.0
1995-1997 1.9 [FNE] 1.7 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 5.0
1.9 [FNE] 1.7 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 2.5 to 5.0
[FNF]
1998-2003 1.9 [FNE] 1.7 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 4.0
[FNG]
1.9 [FNE] 1.7 [FNE] 37.1 [FNE] 1.5 to 0.5
[FNF]

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Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide
plus Oxides of Nitrogen (NMHC + NOx)
2004 [FNG] 2.4 g/bph-hr; or 37.1
2.5 with 0.5 g/bhp-hr cap on NMHC

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[FNA] The total or optional non-methane hydrocarbon standards apply to petroleum-fueled, natural-gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled engines and methanol-fueled engines beginning in 2004. The Organic Material Hydrocarbon Equivalent, or OMHCE, standards apply to 1987 through 2003 methanol-fueled engines.
[FNB] Prior to the 2002 model year,carbon monoxide emissions from engines utilizing exhaust after treatment technology shall also not exceed 0.5 percent of the exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
[FNC] Manufacturers with existing heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines certified to the California 1986 steady-state emission standards and test procedures may as an option certify those engines, for the 1987 model year only, in accordance with the standards and test procedures for 1986 heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines established in Section 1956.7.
[FND] These standards are applicable to Otto-cycle engines intended for use in all heavy-duty vehicles.
[FNE] Applicable to heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines intended for use only in vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 14,000 pounds. Also, as an option, a manufacturer may certify one or more 1988 through 1994 model Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine configurations intended for use in all heavy-duty vehicles to these emission standards, provided that the total model-year sales of such configuration(s) being certified to these emission standards represent no more than 5 percent of total model-year sales of all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines intended for use in vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000 pounds by the manufacturer.
[FNF] These are optional standards and apply to all heavy-duty engines intended for use only in vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 14,000 pounds. A manufacturer may elect to certify to an optional standard between the values, inclusive, by 0.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour increments.
[FNG] A manufacturer may request to certify to Option 1 or Option 2 federal NMHC + NOx standards as set forth in 40 CFR s 86.005-10(f), as adopted October 6, 2000.
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(B) The exhaust emissions from new 2005 and subsequent model heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines, except for Otto-cycle medium- and heavy-duty engines subject to the alternative standards in 40 CFR s86,005-10(f), shall not exceed:
California Emission Standards for 2005 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-
Cycle Engines [FNA] (in g/bhp-hr)

Model Year Emission NMHC + NOx NMHC NOx CO [FNF] HCHO PM
Category
Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In Incomplete
Medium-Duty Vehicles 8,501 to 14,000 pounds GVW [FNB]

_______________________________________________________________________________
2005 through ULEV 1.0 [FNC,E] n/a n/a 14.4 0.05 n/a
2007 SULEV 0.5 n/a n/a 7.2 0.025 n/a

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2008 and ULEV n/a 0.14 [FNE] 0.20 [FNE] 14.4 0.01 0.01
subsequent SULEV n/a 0.07 [FNE] 0.10 [FNE] 7.2 0.005 0.005

_______________________________________________________________________________
Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In Heavy-Duty Vehicles Over
14,000 pounds GVW

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2005 through n/a 1.0 [FNC,E] n/a n/a 37.1 0.05 [FND] n/a
2007

_______________________________________________________________________________
2008 and n/a n/a 0.14 [FNE] 0.20 [FNE] 14.4 0.01 0.01
subsequent

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[FNA] These standards apply to petroleum-fueled, alcohol-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines.
[FNB] A manufacturer of engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles may choose to comply with these standards as an alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures for complete vehicles specified in section 1961, title 13, CCR. A manufacturer that chooses to comply with these optional heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures shall specify, in the Part I application for certification, an in-use compliance test procedure, as provided in section 2139(c), title 13 CCR.
[FNC] A manufacturer may request to certify to the Option 1 or Option 2 federal NMHC + NOx standards as set forth in 40 CFR s 86.005-10(f). However, for engines used in medium-duty vehicles, the formaldehyde level must meet the standard specified above.
[FND] This standard only applies to methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines.
[FNE] A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its medium- and heavy-duty Otto-cycle engine families in any or all of the emissions ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions described in section I.15 of the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines," incorporated by reference in section 1956.8(d). For engine families certified to the Option 1 or 2 federal standards, the FEL must not exceed 1.5 g/bhp-hr. If a manufacturer elects to include engine families certified to the 2005 and subsequent model year standards, the NOx plus NMHC FEL must not exceed 1.0 g/bhp-hr. For engine families certified to the 2008 and subsequent model year standards, the FEL is the same as set forth in 40 CFR 86.008-10(a)(1).
[FNF] Idle carbon monoxide: For all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment technology, and not certified to the on-board diagnostics requirements of section 1968, et seq, as applicable, the CO emissions shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
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(2) Formaldehyde exhaust emissions from new 1993 and subsequent model methanol-fueled otto cycle engines shall not exceed:
Model Year Formaldehyde
(g/bhp-hr)
1993-1995.............. 0.10
1996 and Subsequent.... 0.05

(d) The test procedures for determining compliance with standards applicable to 1987 and subsequent model heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines and vehicles are set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1987 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines and Vehicles," adopted April 25, 1986, as last amended December 27, 2000, the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines," adopted December 27, 2000, as last amended December 12, 2002, the "California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures," adopted July 12, 1991, as last amended July 30, 2002, and the "California Interim Certification Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, in the Urban Bus and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Classes," adopted October 24, 2002, which are incorporated by reference herein.
(e) A manufacturer may elect to certify complete heavy-duty vehicles of 14,000 pounds or less maximum gross vehicle weight rating as medium-duty vehicles under section 1960.1 or section 1961 of this chapter, in which event the heavy-duty emission standards and test procedures in this section shall not apply.
(f)(1) In 1985 and future years, the executive officer may authorize use of engines certified to meet federal emission standards, or which are demonstrated to meet appropriate federal emission standards, in up to a total of 100 heavy-duty vehicles, including otto-cycle and diesel heavy-duty vehicles, in any one calendar year when the executive officer has determined that no engine certified to meet California emission standards exists which is suitable for use in the vehicles.
(2) In order to qualify for an exemption, the vehicle manufacturer shall submit, in writing, to the executive officer the justification for such exemption. The exemption request shall show that, due to circumstances beyond the control of the vehicle manufacturer, California certified engines are unavailable for use in the vehicle. The request shall further show that redesign or discontinuation of the vehicle will result in extreme cost penalties and disruption of business. In evaluating a request for an exemption, the executive officer shall consider all relevant factors, including the number of individual vehicles covered by the request and the anti-competitive effect, if any, of granting the request. If a request is denied, the executive officer shall state in writing the reasons for the denial.
(3) In the event the executive officer determines that an applicant may meet the criteria for an exemption under this subsection, but that granting the exemption will, together with previous exemptions granted, result in over 100 vehicles being permitted under this subsection to use non-California engines in heavy-duty vehicles in any one calendar year, the exemption may be granted only by the state board, under the criteria set forth herein.
(g) The exhaust emissions from new 1995 through 2003 model-year engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles shall not exceed:
Exhaust Emission Standards [FNA] (grams per brake horsepower-hour, or g/bhp-
hr)

Carbon
Model Year Monoxide NMHC + NOx [FNB] Particulates [FNC]
1995 [FND] 14.4 3.9 0.10

----------
[FNA]This set of standards is optional. Manufacturers of engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles from 8501-14,000 pounds, gross vehicle weight may choose to comply with these standards as a alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures specified in section 1960.1, Title 13, California Code of Regulations. Manufacturers that choose to comply with these optional heavy-duty standards and test procedures shall specify, in the application for certification, an in-use compliance test procedure, as provided in section 2139(c), Title 13, California Code of Regulations.
[FNB] This standard is the sum of the individual non-methane hydrocarbon emissions and oxides of nitrogen emissions. For methanol-fueled engines, non-methane hydrocarbons shall mean organic material hydrocarbon equivalent.
[FNC] This standard shall only apply to diesel engines and vehicles.
[FND] In the 1995 model-year only, manufacturers may certify up to 50 percent of their medium-duty engines or vehicles to the applicable 1994 model-year standards and test procedures. For the 1995 through 1997 models, alternative in-use compliance is available for medium-duty manufacturers. A manufacturer may use alternative in-use compliance for up to 100 percent of its fleet in the 1995 and 1996 model years and up to 50 percent of its fleet in the 1997 model year. The percentages shall be determined from the manufacturers' projected California sales of medium-duty vehicles. For engines certified to the standards and test procedures of this subsection, "alternative in-use compliance" shall consist of an allowance of 25 percent over the HC + NOx standard. In-use compliance testing shall be limited to vehicles or engines with less than 90,000 miles.
(h) The exhaust emissions from new:
(1) 1992 through 2004 model-year Otto-cycle engines used in incomplete medium-duty low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles, and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles; and
(2) 1992 and subsequent model diesel engines used in medium-duty low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles, and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles shall not exceed:
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[Note: The following TABLE/FORM is too wide to be displayed on one screen.
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following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
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Exhaust Emission Standards for Engines Used in Incomplete Otto-Cycle
Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and
Super Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and for Diesel
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+..

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Medium-Duty
78.....+...90....+....

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Model Year
1992 [FNE]
-2001
2002-2003
[FNE]
1992-2003
[FNE,H]
2004 and
subsequent
[FNL]
2004 and
subsequent
[FNL]
2007 and
subsequent
[FND]
1992 and
subsequent
[FNL]
2007 and
subsequent
[FND]
1...+...10....

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Engines Used in Medium-Duty Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-Emission
Vehicles, and Super Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles [FNA,F]
(grams per brake horsepower-hour)
Vehicle
Emissions Carbon Non-Methane Oxides
of
Category Monoxide NMHC + Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Formaldehyde
[FNB] NOx
[FNC%]
LEV 14.4 3.5 n/a n/a 0.050
[FNK]
LEV 14.4 3.0 n/a n/a 0.050
[FNK]
ULEV 14.4 2.5 n/a n/a 0.050
[FNK]
ULEV - 14.4 2.5 [FN- n/a n/a 0.050
I,J,K]
Opt A
ULEV - 14.4 2.4 [FN- n/a n/a 0.050
I,J,K]
Opt. Bn/a
ULEV 15.5 n/a 0.14 0.2 0.050
SULEV 7.2 2.0 n/a n/a 0.025
[FNK]
SULEV 7.7 n/a 0.07 0.1 0.025
15..20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+...80....

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Particulates
[FND]
0.10 [FNK]
0.10 [FNK]
0.10 [FNK]
0.10 [FNJ,K]
0.10 [FNJ,K]
0.01
0.05 [FNK]
0.005
85..90....+....

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[FNA] This set of standards is optional. Manufacturers of engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles from 8501-14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating may choose to comply with these standards as a alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures specified in section 1960.1, or section 1961, Title 13, California Code of Regulations. Manufacturers that choose to comply with these optional heavy-duty standards and test procedures shall specify, in the application for certification, an in-use compliance test procedure, as provided in section 2139(c), Title 13, California Code of Regulations.
[FNB] "LEV" means low-emission vehicle.
"ULEV" means ultra-low-emission vehicle.
"SULEV" means super ultra-low-emission vehicle.
[FNC] This standard is the sum of the individual non-methane hydrocarbon emissions and oxides of nitrogen emissions. For methanol-fueled engines, non-methane hydrocarbons shall mean organic material hydrocarbon equivalent ( "OMHCE").
[FND] These standards apply only to diesel engines and vehicles .
[FNE] Manufacturers may certify engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles to these standards to meet the requirements of section 1956.8 (g), Title 13, California Code of Regulations.
[FNF] In-use compliance testing shall be limited to vehicles or engines with fewer than 90,000 miles.
[FNG] [Reserved]
[FNH] For engines certified to the 3.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr) LEV standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 3.7 g/bhp-hr for the first two model years of introduction. For engines certified to the 2002 and 2003 model year LEV standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 3.2 g/bhp-hr. For engines certified to the 1992 through 2003 model year ULEV standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 2.7 g/bhp-hr for the first two model years of introduction. For engines certified to the 1992 and subsequent SULEV standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 2.2 g/bhp-hr for the first two model years of introduction.
[FNI] Manufacturers have the option of certifying to either option A or B. Manufacturers electing to certify to Option A must demonstrate that the NMHC emissions do not exceed 0.5 g/bhp-hr.
[FNJ] Emissions averaging may be used to meet these standards for diesel engines, using the requirements for participation in averaging, banking and trading programs, as set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," incorporated by reference in section 1956.8(b), above.
[FNK] Engines of 1998 and subsequent model years may be eligible to generate averaging, banking and trading credits based on these standards according to the requirements of the averaging, banking and trading programs described in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles" and the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," incorporated by reference in section 1956.8(b), above. [FNL] For 2007 and subsequent model year diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles, these emission standards are not applicable.
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3) 2007 and later model year engines subject to (h)(2) have the following Phase-in Options.
(A) Early NOx compliant engines. For model years 2007, 2008, and 2009, a manufacturer may, at their option, certify one or more of their engine families to the combined NOx plus NMHC standard or FEL applicable to model year 2006 engines under section 1956.8(h)(2), in lieu of the separate NOx and NMHC standards or FELs applicable to the 2007 and subsequent model years, specified in section 1956.8(h)(2). Each engine certified under this phase-in option must comply with all other emission requirements applicable to model year 2007 engines. To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the U.S.- directed production requirement of certifying no more than 50 percent of engines to the NOx plus NMHC standards or FELs applicable to 2006 engines, as specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007- 11(g)(1), as adopted January 18, 2001. In addition, a manufacturer may reduce the quantity of engines that are required to be phased-in using the early certification credit program specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11(g)(2), as adopted January 18, 2001, and the "Blue Sky" engine program specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11(g)(4), as adopted January 18, 2001.
(B) Early PM compliant engines. A manufacturer certifying engines to the 2007 and subsequent model year PM standard listed in section 1956.8 (h)(2) (without using credits, as determined in any averaging, banking, or trading program described in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," to comply with the standards) before model year 2007 may reduce the number of engines that are required to meet the 2007 and subsequent model year PM standard listed in section 1956.8(h)(2) in model year 2007, 2008 and/or 2009. To qualify for this option, a manufacturer must satisfy the PM emission requirements pursuant to the methods detailed in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, part 86, section 86.007-11 (g)(2)(ii), as adopted January 18, 2001.
(4) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere from any new 2007 or later model year diesel heavy-duty diesel engine, with the following exception: heavy-duty diesel engines equipped with turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction may discharge crankcase emissions to the ambient atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions (either physically or mathematically) during all emission testing. Manufacturers taking advantage of this exception must manufacture the engines so that all crankcase emission can be routed into a dilution tunnel (or other sampling system approved in advance by the Executive Officer), and must account for deterioration in crankcase emissions when determining exhaust deterioration factors. For the purpose of section 1956.8(h)(2), crankcase emissions that are routed to the exhaust upstream of exhaust aftertreatment during all operation are not considered to be "discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere."


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43104, 43105 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 43000, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43102, 43104, 43106, 43202, 43204, 43206, 43210, 43211, 43212, 43213 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code.



s 1956.9. Optional Exhaust Emission Standards for Retrofitted Heavy-Duty Engines.
1973 and later model-year heavy-duty engines that have been retrofitted to produce emissions less than the original certification emission level may be certified to optional emission standards as follows:
(a)(1) Total Hydrocarbons
(X - n y 0.2) grams per brake horsepower-hour
where X = 0.75 y new engine total hydrocarbon standard for the engine's model year, with the further requirement that X is rounded down to the nearest lower 0.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour increment; and where n is an integer such that n y 0.2 is greater than or equal to zero. For diesel engines, X = 0.75 y original emission certification value for the engine's model year. For engines originally certified to a combined hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen standard, X = 0.75 y original engine certification standard pro-rated by the hydrocarbon portion of the original emission certification level. If the original certification levels are not available, the hydrocarbon baseline standard shall be prorated by the hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen values of the next later model year with separate hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen standards.
(a)(2) Non-methane Hydrocarbons
For engines originally certified to an optional non-methane hydrocarbon standard,
(X - n y 0.2) grams per brake horsepower-hour
where X = 0.75 y new engine non-methane hydrocarbon standard for the engine's model year, with the further requirement that X is rounded down to the nearest lower 0.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour increment; and where n is an integer such that n y 0.2 is greater than or equal to zero. For diesel engines, X = 0.75 y original emission certification value for the engine's model year.
(b) Carbon Monoxide
(X - n y 5.0) grams per brake horsepower-hour)
where X = 0.75 y new engine carbon monoxide standard for the engine's model year, with the further requirement that X is rounded down to the nearest lower 5 grams per brake horsepower-hour increment; and where n is an integer such that n y 5.0 is greater than or equal to zero. For diesel engines, X = 0.75 y original emission certification value for the engine's model year.
(c) Oxides of Nitrogen
(X - n y 0.5) grams per brake horsepower-hour
where X = 0.75 y new engine oxides of nitrogen standard for the engine's model year, with the further requirement that X is rounded down to the nearest lower 0.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour increment; and where n is an integer such that n y 0.5 is greater than or equal to zero. For engines originally certified to a combined hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen standard, X = 0.75 y original engine certification standard, pro-rated by the oxides of nitrogen portion of the original emission certification level. If the original emission certification levels are not available, the oxides of nitrogen baseline standard shall be pro-rated by the hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen values of the next later model year with separate hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen standards.
(d) Particulate Matter
(X - n y 0.05) grams per brake horsepower-hour
where X = 0.75 y new diesel engine particulate matter standard for the engine's model year, with the further requirement that X is rounded down to the nearest lower 0.05 grams per brake horsepower-hour increment; and where n is an integer such that n y 0.05 is greater than or equal to zero. For diesel engines that were not originally certified to a particulate matter emission standard, X = 0.75 y 0.6 grams per brake horsepower-hour. Gasoline engines may not be certified to an optional exhaust emission standard for particulate matter.
(e) 1972 and earlier model year engines may be certified to credit standards as described in (a)(1), (b), (c), and (d) using 1973 model year new engine emission standards as the basis for calculating "X."
(f) The test procedures for determining compliance with an optional standard shall be the test procedure used to originally certify the engine. To certify to an optional emission standard, a retrofitted engine must meet all of the requirements of "California Certification and Installation Procedures for Alternative Fuel Retrofit Systems for Motor Vehicles Certified for 1994 and Subsequent Model Years and for all Model Year Motor Vehicle Retrofit Systems Certified for Emissions Reduction Credit," adopted March 11, 1993, as amended November 21, 1995, which is incorporated by reference herein.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 43701 (b) and (c), Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43004, 43006, 43008, 43013, and 43108, Health and Safety Code; and Sections 27156, 38391 and 38395, Vehicle Code.


s 1957. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1973 and Subsequent Model-Year Heavy-Duty Diesel-Powered Vehicles.
(a) Exhaust emissions from new 1973 and 1974 model-year diesel-powered engines for use in heavy-duty motor vehicles (6,001 pounds and over, manufacturer's maximum gross vehicle weight) shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbons plus oxides of nitrogen -16 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -40 grams per brake horsepower hour.
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are those set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards, Test and Approval Procedures for Diesel Engines in 1973 and Subsequent Model-Year Vehicles Over 6,001 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight," dated November 18, 1970, as last amended February 17, 1971.
In accordance with this section, as originally enacted, new 1973 model-year heavy-duty vehicles must contain 1973 model-year engines. In subsequent years, model-year engine controls, not model-year vehicle.
(b) Exhaust emissions from new 1975 and 1976 model-year diesel powered engines for use in heavy-duty motor vehicles (over 6,000 pounds, manufacturer's maximum gross vehicle weight) shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbons plus oxides of nitrogen -10 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -30 grams per brake horsepower hour;
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are those set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards, Test and Approval Procedures for 1975 and Subsequent Model-Year Engines in Diesel-Powered Motor Vehicles Over 6,000 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight," dated December 19, 1973, amended August 8, 1974.
(c) Exhaust emissions from new 1977 model year diesel-powered engines for use in heavy-duty motor vehicles shall not exceed:
(1)Hydrocarbons plus oxides of nitrogen -5 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour;
or

(1) Hydrocarbons -1.0 gram per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(3) Oxides of nitrogen -7.5 grams per brake horsepower hour.
These two sets of standards shall be alternatives. A manufacturer shall have the option for each engine family of showing compliance with either set.
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are those set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1975 and Subsequent Model-Year Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles," dated December 19, 1973, as last amended March 31, 1976.
(d) Exhaust emissions from new 1978 model-year diesel-fueled heavy-duty engines and vehicles, except medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbons plus oxides of nitrogen -5 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour; or
or

(1) Hydrocarbons -1.0 gram per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(3) Oxides of Nitrogen -7.5 grams per brake horsepower hour.
These two sets of standards shall be alternatives. A manufacturer shall have the option for each engine family of showing compliance with either set.
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are those set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1975 to 1978 Model-Year Diesel-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles," dated December 19, 1973, as last amended October 5, 1976.
A manufacturer may elect to certify heavy-duty vehicles less than 10,000 pounds maximum gross vehicle weight rating as medium-duty vehicles under Section 1959 of this chapter, in which event heavy-duty emission standards and test procedures shall not apply.
(e) This regulation shall remain in effect until December 31, 1988, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1988, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43013, 43100, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1958. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -Motorcycles and Motorcycle Engines Manufactured on or After January 1, 1978.
(a) This section shall be applicable to motorcycles, motorcycle engines, and the manufacturers of either motorcycles or motorcycle engines produced on or after January 1, 1978. Motorcycles and motorcycle engines are excluded from the requirements of this section if:
(1) The engine displacement is less than 50 cubic centimeters, or
(2) An 80 kilogram (176 pound) driver cannot
(A) start from a dead stop using only the engine, or
(B) exceed a maximum speed of 40 kilometers per hour (24.9 miles per hour) on a level paved surface.
(b) Exhaust emissions from new street-use motorcycles and motorcycle engines, subject to registration and sold and registered in this state, shall not exceed:
Table of Standards
_______________________________________________________________________________
Engine Exhaust Emission Standards (grams per
kilometer)
Model-Year Displacement Hydrocarbon (HC) Carbon
(in cubic + Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Monoxide
centimeters)
1978 to 1979..... 50 to less 5.0 (HC only) 17
than 170
170 to less 5.0+0.0155(D-170)a1 (HC only) 17
than 750
750 or greater 14 (HC only) 17
1980 to 1981..... All (50 cc or 5.0 (HC only) 17
larger)
1982 and 50 cc to 279 1.0 (HC only) 12
subsequent..... cc
1982 through 1985
(manufactured
prior
to March 1, 280 cc or 2.5 (HC only) 12
1985).......... greater
1985
(manufactured
after February
28,
1985) through 280 cc or 1.4 (HC only), applied as a 12
1987........... greater
corporate average, [FNa2] provided
that each engine family shall
have only one applicable
standard
1988 through 280 cc to 699 1.0 (HC only), applied as a 12
2003........... cc
corporate average, [FNa2] provided
that each engine family shall
have only one applicable
standard
1988 through 700 cc or 1.4 (HC only), applied as a 12
2003........... greater
corporate average, [FNa2] provided
that each engine family shall
have only one applicable
standard
2004 through 280 cc or 1.4 (HC + NOx), applied as a 12
2007........... greater
corporate average, [FNa2] provided
that each engine family shall
have only one applicable
standard
2008 and 280 cc or 0.8 (HC + NOx), applied as a 12
subsequent..... greater
corporate average, [FNa2] provided
that each engine family shall
have only one applicable
standard
_______________________________________________________________________________

[FNa1] D = engine displacement of motorcycles in cubic centimeters.
[FNa2] Compliance with a standard to be applied as a "corporate average" shall be determined as follows:
n
<> (PRODjx) (STDjx)
j = 1
--------------------------------------- = STDca
n
<> (PRODjx)
j = 1
where,
n = Class III motorcycle engine families (engines with displacement of 280 cc or greater manufactured after February 28, 1985).
PRODjx = Number of units of Class III engine family j produced for sale in California in model year x
STDjx = The manufacturer designated HC or HC + NOx emission standard, whichever applies, for engine family j in model year x, which shall be determined by the manufacturer subject to the following conditions:
(1) for Model Year 1988 through 2003 motorcycle engines and motorcycles with engine displacement of 280 cc or greater, no individual engine family exhaust emission standard shall exceed 2.5 g/km HC, and
(2) for Model Year 2004 and subsequent motorcycle engines and motorcycles with engine displacement of 280 cc or greater, no individual engine family exhaust emission standard shall exceed 2.5 g/km HC+NOx, and
(3) no engine family designation or engine family exhaust emission standard shall be amended in a model year after the engine family is certified for the model year, and
(4) prior to sale or offering for sale in California, each engine family shall be certified in accordance with Section 1958(c) and shall be required to meet the manufacturer's designated HC or HC + NOx standard, whichever applies, as a condition of the certification Executive Order. Prior to certification the manufacturer shall also submit estimated production volumes for each engine family to be offered for sale in California.
STDCa = A manufacturer's corporate average HC or HC + NOx exhaust emissions, whichever applies, from those California motorcycles or motorcycle engines subject to the California corporate average HC or HC + NOx exhaust emission standard, as established by an Executive Order certifying the California production for the model year. This order must be obtained prior to the issuance of certification Executive Orders for individual engine families for the model year and shall include but not be limited to the following requirements:
(1) During the manufacturer's production year, for each engine family, the manufacturer shall provide the following information to the Executive Officer within 30 days after the last day in each calendar quarter:
(A) vehicle identification numbers and an explanation of the identification code; (continued)