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State
California Regulations
TITLE 13. MOTOR VEHICLES DIVISION 3. AIR RESOURCES BOARD
database is current through 09/29/06, Register 2006, No. 39
s 1900. Definitions.
(a) The definitions of this section supplement and are governed by the definitions set forth in chapter 2 (commencing with section 39010), part 1, division 26 of the Health and Safety Code. The definitions set forth in the applicable model-year new vehicle certification and assembly-line test procedures adopted in this chapter are hereby incorporated by reference.
(b) In addition to the definitions incorporated under subdivision (a), the following definitions shall govern the provisions of this chapter;
(1) "Add-on part" means any aftermarket part which is not a modified part or a replacement part.
(2) "Consolidated part" means a part which is designed to replace a group of original equipment parts and which is functionally identical of those original equipment parts in all respects which in any way affect emissions (including durability).
(3) "Emissions-related part" means any automotive part, which affects any regulated emissions from a motor vehicles which is subject to California or federal emissions standards. This includes, at a minimum, those parts specified in the "Emissions-Related Parts List," adopted by the State Board on November 4, 1977, as last amended May 19, 1981.
(4) "Gaseous fuels" means any liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas, or compressed natural gas fuels for use in motor vehicles.
(5) "Heavy-duty engine" means an engine which is used to propel a heavy-duty vehicle.
(6) "Heavy-duty vehicle" means any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating greater than 6,000 pounds, except passenger cars.
(7) "Identical device" means a crankcase emission control device identical in all respects, including design, materials, manufacture, installation and operation, with a device which has been certified by the Air Resources Board or the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board pursuant to the Health and Safety Code, but which is manufactured by a person other than original manufacturer of the device.
(8) "Independent low volume manufacturer" means a manufacturer with California annual sales of less than 10,000 new passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles following aggregation of sales pursuant to this section 1900(b)(8). Annual sales shall be determined as the average number or sales sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification; however, for a manufacturer certifying for the first time in California, annual sales shall be based on projected California sales for the model year. A manufacturer's California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer's nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer. The annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 10% or greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of 10% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by all firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.
(9) "Intermediate volume manufacturer" means any pre-2001 model year manufacturer with California sales between 3,001 and 60,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles per model year based on the average number of vehicles sold by the manufacturer each model year from 1989 to 1993; any 2001 through 2002 model year manufacturer with California sales between 4,501 and 60,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles per model year based on the average number of vehicles sold by the manufacturer each model year from 1989 to 1993; and any 2003 and subsequent model year manufacturer with California sales between 4,501 and 60,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification. For a manufacturer certifying for the first time in California, model year sales shall be based on projected California sales. A manufacturer's California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer's nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer. For purposes of applying the 2005 and subsequent model year zero-emission vehicle requirements for intermediate-volume manufacturers under section 1962(b), the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the case of (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of which either has a greater than 50% equity ownership in another or is more than 50% owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of greater than 50% in each firm.
For purposes of applying the 2009 and subsequent model year Greenhouse Gas requirements for intermediate volume manufacturers under section 1961.1, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of which either has a greater than 10% equity ownership in another or is more than 10% owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of greater than 10% in each firm.
(10) "Large volume manufacturer" means any 2000 and subsequent model year manufacturer that is not a small volume manufacturer, or an independent low volume manufacturer, or an intermediate volume manufacturer.
(11) "Light-duty truck" means any 2000 and subsequent model motor vehicle certified to the standards in section 1961(a)(1) rated at 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight or less, and any other motor vehicle, rated at 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less, which is designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.
(12) "Medium-duty passenger vehicle" means any medium-duty vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds that is designed primarily for the transportation of persons. The medium-duty passenger vehicle definition does not include any vehicle which: (1) is an "incomplete truck" i.e., is a truck that does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached; or (2) has a seating capacity of more than 12 persons; or (3) is designed for more than 9 persons in seating rearward of the driver's seat; or (4) is equipped with an open cargo area of 72.0 inches in interior length or more. A covered box not readily accessible from the passenger compartment will be considered an open cargo area, for purposes of this definition.
(13) "Medium-duty vehicle" means any pre-1995 model year heavy-duty vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 8,500 pounds or less; any 1992 through 2006 model-year heavy-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle certified to the standards in section 1960.1(h)(2) having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or less; any 1995 through 2003 model year heavy-duty vehicle certified to the standards in section 1960.1(h)(1) having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or less; and any 2000 and subsequent model heavy-duty low-emission, ultra-low-emission, super-ultra-low-emission or zero-emission vehicle certified to the standards in Section 1961(a)(1) or 1962 having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating between 8,501 and 14,000 pounds.
(14) "Modified part" means any aftermarket part intended to replace an original equipment emission-related part and which is not functionally identical to the original equipment part in all respects which in any way affect emissions, excluding a consolidated part.
(15) "Motorcycle Engine" means an engine which is used to propel a new, street-use motorcycle.
(16) [Reserved]
(17) "Passenger car" means any motor vehicle designed primarily for transportation of persons and having a design capacity of twelve persons or less.
(18) "Reactivity adjustment factor" means a fraction applied to the NMOG emissions from a vehicle powered by a fuel other than conventional gasoline for the purpose of determining a gasoline-equivalent NMOG level. The reactivity adjustment factor is defined as the ozone-forming potential of clean fuel vehicle exhaust divided by the ozone-forming potential of gasoline vehicle exhaust.
(19) "Recall" means:
(A) The issuing of notices directly to consumers that vehicles in their possession or control should be corrected, and/or
(B) Efforts to actively locate and correct vehicles in the possession or control of consumers.
(20) "Replacement part" means any aftermarket part intended to replace an original equipment emissions-related part and which is functionally identical to the original equipment part in all respects which in any way affect emissions (including durability), or a consolidated part.
(21) "Subgroup" means a set of vehicles within an engine family distinguishable by characteristics contained in the manufacturer's application for certification.
(22) "Small volume manufacturer" means, with respect to the 2001 and subsequent model-years, a manufacturer with California sales less than 4,500 new passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification as a small volume manufacturer; however, for manufacturers certifying for the first time in California model-year sales shall be based on projected California sales. A manufacturer's California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer's nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer. Except as provided in the next paragraph, beginning with the 2009 model year, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 10% or greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of 10% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by all firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.
For purposes of compliance with the zero-emission vehicle requirements, heavy-duty vehicles and engines shall not be counted as part of a manufacturer's sales. For purposes of applying the 2005 and subsequent model year zero-emission vehicle requirements for small-volume manufacturers under section 1962(b), the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the case of (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of which either has a greater than 50% equity ownership in another or is more than 50% owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of greater than 50% in each firm.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43013, 43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43103, 43104, 43106 and 43204, Health and Safety Code; and Section 27156, Vehicle Code.



s 1901. Classification.
Motor vehicles and portable or mobile internal combustion engines for which emission control devices will be certified or accredited are divided into the following classifications:
(a) (1) Under 50 cubic inches engine displacement.
(2) 50 through 100 cubic inches engine displacement.
(3) Over 100 through 140 cubic inches engine displacement.
(b) Over 140 through 200 cubic inches engine displacement.
(c) Over 200 through 250 cubic inches engine displacement.
(d) Over 250 through 300 cubic inches engine displacement.
(e) Over 300 through 375 cubic inches engine displacement.
(f) Over 375 cubic inches engine displacement.
(g) Motor vehicles which because of unusual engine design cannot be classified, for purposes of emissions control, by engine displacement.
This classification supersedes any other classification system set forth in any previously adopted test procedure.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601 and 43000, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43100, 43101 and 43600, Health and Safety Code.


s 1902. Test Procedures.
Test procedures referred to in this chapter may be obtained from the State Air Resources Board at 9528 Telstar Avenue, El Monte, California 91731.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601 and 43000, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43011, 43101, 43104 and 43600, Health and Safety Code.


s 1903. Plans Submitted.
Any person seeking approval, accreditation, or certification by the State Board for any device to control emissions from motor vehicles shall submit plans thereof to the State Board. Such plans shall be accompanied by reliable test data indicating compliance with the appropriate emission standards and test procedures adopted by the State Board, and with criteria established by the State Board as set forth in this chapter.
Plans may be submitted to the Air Resources Board at 9528 Telstar Avenue, El Monte, California 91731.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601 and 43000, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 43000 and 43011, Health and Safety Code; and Section 27156, Vehicle Code.


s 1904. Applicability to Vehicles Powered by Fuels Other Than Gasoline or Diesel.
Pursuant to section 43006 of the Health and Safety Code, provisions of this Code which refer to "gasoline-powered" vehicles or motor vehicles, except section 1970, shall apply to motor vehicles which have been modified to use a fuel other than gasoline or diesel unless otherwise specified.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601 and 43006, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43004, 43005 and 43600, Health and Safety Code.



s 1905. Exclusion and Exemption of Military Tactical Vehicles and Equipment.
(a) For purposes of this chapter, military tactical vehicle means a motor vehicle owned by the U.S. Department of Defense and/or the U.S. military services and used in combat, combat support, combat service support, tactical or relief operations, or training for such operations.
(b) This chapter shall not apply to vehicles defined as military tactical vehicles or to engines used in military tactical vehicles. This includes all vehicles and engines:
(1) Excluded from regulation under 40 CFR Part 85, subpart R, section 85.1703, and
(2) Exempted from regulations under the federal national security exemption, 40 CFR, subpart R, sections 85.1702(a)(2), 85.1704(b), 85.1708, and 85.1710. It shall also not apply to those motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines covered by the definition of military tactical vehicle, including commercially available vehicles, for which a federal certificate of conformity has been issued under 40 CFR Part 86.
(c) On January 1, 1997, the U.S. Department of Defense shall submit to the ARB a list of all vehicle types that are excluded and or exempted under the above provisions and which are located in the State of California. If any additional vehicle types are added to the list during the previous 12 months, the U.S. Department of Defense shall update the list and submit it to the ARB by January 1 of the following year.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43013 and 43018, Health and Safety Code.


s 1950. Requirements.
No motor vehicle pollution control device for new motor vehicles shall be approved unless such device meets the standards set forth in this article, and all other applicable criteria set forth in Chapter 2 of Part 5 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, commencing with section 43100, and in this subchapter.
NOTE: Section 209 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7543) provides:
(a) No state or any political subdivision thereof shall adopt or attempt to enforce any standard relating to the control of emissions from new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines subject to this part. No State shall require certification, inspection, or any other approval relating to the control of emissions from any new motor vehicle or new motor vehicle engine as condition precedent to the initial retail sale, titling (if any), or registration of such motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, or equipment.
(b)(1) The Administrator shall, after notice and opportunity for public hearing, waive application of this section to any State which has adopted standards (other than crankcase emission standards) for the control of emissions from new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines prior to March 30, 1966, if the State determines that the State standards will be, in the aggregate, at least as protective of public health and welfare as applicable Federal standards. No such waiver shall be granted if the Administrator finds that
(A) the determination of the State is arbitrary and capricious,
(B) such State does not need such State standards to meet compelling and extraordinary conditions, or
(C) such State standards and accompanying enforcement procedures are not consistent with section 202(a) of this part.
(2) If each State standard is at least as stringent as the comparable applicable Federal standard, such State standard shall be deemed to be at least as protective of health and welfare as such Federal standards for purposes of paragraph (1).
(3) In the case of any new motor vehicle or new motor vehicle engine to which State standards apply pursuant to a waiver granted under paragraph (1), compliance with such State standards shall be treated as compliance with applicable Federal standards for purposes of this title.
(c) Whenever a regulation with respect to any motor vehicle part or motor vehicle engine part is in effect under section 207(a)(2), no State or political subdivision thereof shall adopt or attempt to enforce any standard or any requirement of certification, inspection, or approval which relates to motor vehicle emissions and is applicable to the same aspect of such part. The preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of a State with respect to which a waiver is in effect under subsection (b).
(d) Nothing in this part shall preclude or deny to any State or political subdivision thereof the right otherwise to control, regulate, or restrict the use, operation, or movement of registered or licensed motor vehicles."
Information regarding waivers of federal preemption for the new motor vehicle and new motor vehicle engine emission standards and accompanying enforcement procedures included in this article may be obtained from the Air Resources Board at 9528 Telstar Avenue, El Monte, California 91731.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601 and 43100, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000 and 43011, Health and Safety Code.


s 1952. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1972 Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles.
The exhaust emissions from a new 1972 model-year gasoline-powered truck, truck tractor or bus, 6,001 pounds and over, manufacturer's maximum gross vehicle weight rating, subject to registration and sold and registered in this state, shall not exceed:
(a) 180 parts per million hydrocarbons.
(b) 1.0 percent carbon monoxide.
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1970 and Subsequent Model-Year Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles over 6,001 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight," dated November 20, 1968.
This regulation shall remain in effect until December 31, 1982, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1982, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43100, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1955.1. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1975 Through 1978 Model-Year Passenger Cars.
(a) The exhaust emissions from new 1975 through 1978 model-year gasoline-fueled passenger cars having an engine displacement of 50 cubic inches or greater, subject to registration and sold and registered in this state, shall not exceed:
Exhaust Emission Standards
(grams per mile)
Carbon Oxides of
Model Year Hydrocarbons Monoxide Nitrogen
1975 0.9 [FNa1] 9.0 2.0
1976 0.9 [FNa1] 9.0 2.0
1977 0.41 9.0 1.5
1978 0.41 9.0 1.5

[FNa1] Hydrocarbon emissions from limited-production passenger cars shall not exceed 1.5 grams per mile.
(b) The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1975 through 1978 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," adopted by the State Board, February 19, 1975, as last amended June 8, 1977.
(c) This regulation shall remain in effect until December 31, 1983, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1983, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43100 and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1955.5. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1975 Through 1978 Model-Year Light-Duty Trucks.
(a) The exhaust emissions from new 1975 through 1978 model-year light-duty trucks having an engine displacement of 50 cubic inches or greater, subject to registration and sold and registered in this state, shall not exceed:
Exhaust Emission Standards
(grams per mile)
Carbon Oxides of
Model Year Hydrocarbons Monoxide Nitrogen
1975 2.0 20 2.0
1976 0.9 17 2.0
1977 0.9 17 2.0
1978 0.9 17 2.0

(b) The standards shown in subdivision (a) for the 1975 model year shall apply to 1975 and 1976 model limited-production light-duty trucks.
(c) The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1975 Through 1978 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," adopted by the State Board, February 19, 1975, as last amended June 30, 1976.
(d) This regulation shall remain in effect until December 31, 1983, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1983, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43100, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1956. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1973 and Subsequent Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles.
(a) Exhaust emissions from new 1973 and 1974 model-year gasoline-powered engines for use in heavy-duty motor vehicles (6,001 pounds and over, manufacturer's maximum gross vehicle weight) shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen -16 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -40 grams per brake horsepower hour;
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are set forth in "California Exhaust Emissions Standards, Test and Approval Procedures for 1973 and Subsequent Model-Year Engines in Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles Over 6,001 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight," dated February 17, 1971, amended January 19, 1972.
In accordance with this section, as originally enacted, new 1973 model-year heavy-duty vehicles must contain 1973 model-year engines. In subsequent years, model-year engine controls, not model-year vehicle.
(b) Exhaust emissions from new 1975 and 1976 model-year gasoline-powered engines for use in heavy-duty motor vehicles (over 6,000 pounds, manufacturer's maximum gross weight) shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbons plus oxides of nitrogen -10 grams per brake horsepower hour,
(2) Carbon monoxide -30 grams per brake horsepower hour.
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are those set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards, Test and Approval Procedures for 1975 and Subsequent Model-Year Engines in Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles Over 6,000 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight," dated February 19, 1975.
(c) Exhaust emissions from new 1977 gasoline-powered engines for use in heavy-duty motor vehicles shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbons plus oxides of nitrogen -5 grams per horsepower hour,
(2) Carbon monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour;
or

(1) Hydrocarbons -1.0 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon Monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(3) Oxides of Nitrogen -7.5 grams per brake horsepower hour.
These two sets of standards shall be alternatives. A manufacturer shall have the option for each engine family of showing compliance with either set.
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are those set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1975 and Subsequent Model-Year Gasoline-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles," dated February 19, 1975 as last amended March 31, 1976.
(d) Exhaust emissions from new 1978 model-year gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines and vehicles, except medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen -5 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour; or
(1) Hydrocarbons -1.0 gram per brake horsepower hour;
(2) Carbon monoxide -25 grams per brake horsepower hour;
(3) Oxides of Nitrogen -7.5 grams per brake horsepower hour.
These two sets of standards shall be alternatives. A manufacturer shall have the option for each engine family of showing compliance with either set.
The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are those set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1975 to 1978 Model-Year Gasoline-Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles," dated February 19, 1975, as last amended October 5, 1976.
A manufacturer may elect to certify heavy-duty vehicles less than 10,000 pounds maximum gross vehicle weight rating as medium-duty vehicles under Section 1959 of this chapter, in which event heavy-duty emission standards and test procedures shall not apply.
(e) This regulation shall remain in effect until December 31, 1988, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1988, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43013, 43100, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1956.1. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 1985 Through 2006 Model-Year Heavy Duty Urban Bus Engines and Vehicles.
(a) The exhaust emissions from new 1985 and subsequent model heavy-duty diesel cycle urban bus engines and vehicles fueled by methanol, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and petroleum shall not exceed the following, by model year:
(1) 1985-1986 - 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr) total hydrocarbons (or Organic Material Hydrocarbon Equivalent [OMHCE] for methanol-fueled buses), 15.5 g/bhp-hr carbon monoxide (CO), and 5.1 g/bhp-hr oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
(2) 1987- (a manufacturer may certify to the 1988 emission standards one year early as an option) - 1.3 g/bhp-hr total hydrocarbons (or OMHCE for methanol-fueled buses), 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO, and 5.1 g/bhp-hr NOx.
(3) 1988-1990 - 1.3 g/bhp-hr HC (or OMHCE for methanol-fueled buses), 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO, 6.0 g/bhp-hr NOx, 0.60 g/bhp-hr particulate matter (PM), and for 1990 only, 1.2 g/bhp-hr optional non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC).
(4) 1991-1993 - 1.3 g/bhp-hr HC (or OMHCE for methanol-fueled buses), 1.2 g/bhp-hr optional NMHC, 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO, 5.0 g/bhp-hr NOx, and 0.10 g/bhp-hr PM. Emissions from methanol-fueled, natural-gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled urban bus engines may be included in the averaging program for petroleum-fueled engines other than urban bus engines.
(5) 1994-1995 - 1.3 g/bhp-hr HC (or OMHCE for methanol-fueled buses), 1.2 g/bhp-hr optional NMHC, 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO, 5.0 g/bhp-hr NOx (or optional 3.5 g/bhp-hr to 0.5 g/bhp-hr NOx), and 0.07 g/bhp-hr PM. Emissions from methanol-fueled, natural-gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled urban bus engines, may be included in the averaging program for petroleum-fueled engines other than urban bus engines.
(6) 1996-2003 - 1.3 g/bhp-hr HC or OMHCE, 1.2 g/bhp-hr optional NMHC, 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO, 4.0 g/bhp-hr NOx, and 0.05 g/bhp-hr PM (0.07 PM g/bhp-hr in-use), except as provided in paragraph (7) below.
(A) For 1996 and 1997 only, a manufacturer may apply to the Executive Officer for an exemption from the 4.0 g/bhp-hr NOx standard, not to exceed 10% of the average of the manufacturer's total urban bus sales in California for the three preceding model years, upon providing technical justification and sales data for each exemption applied for.
(B) 1998 through 2003 model year engines may generate averaging, banking, and trading credits in accordance with the requirements for averaging, banking and trading programs set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles" incorporated by reference in subdivision (c) of this section.
(C) Manufacturers may choose to certify 1998 through 2002 model year bus engines produced before October 1, 2002, to an optional NOx emissions standard between 0.5 g/bhp-hr and 2.5 g/bhp-hr. A manufacturer may certify to any standard between the values of 2.5 g/bhp-hr and 0.5 g/bhp-hr, by 0.5 g/bhp-hr increments. Manufacturers may not use engines certified to this optional NOx standard for any averaging, banking, or trading program set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles" incorporated by reference in subdivision (c) of this section.
(7) October 1, 2002, PM standard - For diesel-fueled, dual-fuel, and bi-fuel bus engines except for heavy-duty pilot ignition engines, the PM standard shall be 0.01 g/bhp-hr (0.01 PM g/bhp-hr in-use) for 2002 and subsequent model year engines produced beginning October 1, 2002. Manufacturers may choose to meet this standard with an aftertreatment system that reduces PM to 0.01 g/bhp-hr.
(8) October 2002-2006 optional standards - Except for diesel-fueled, dual-fuel, and bi-fuel engines but including heavy-duty pilot ignition engines, manufacturers may choose to certify 2002-2006 model year bus engines produced beginning October 1, 2002, to an optional 1.8 g/bhp-hr to 0.3 g/bhp-hr NOx plus NMHC standard, measured as the arithmetic sum of the NOx and NMHC exhaust component certification values, without restriction on individual component certification values; provided that engines certified to this optional reduced-emission NOx plus NMHC standard may not participate in any averaging, banking, or trading program set forth in the test procedures document incorporated by reference in subdivision (c) of this section. A manufacturer may certify to any standard between the values of 1.8 g/bhp-hr to 0.3 g/bhp-hr, by 0.3 g/bhp-hr NOx + NMHC increments. Manufacturers certifying to this optional standard must also certify to a PM standard of 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01 g/bhp-hr.
(9) October 2002-2003 optional standards for diesel-fueled, dual-fuel, and bi-fuel engines except for heavy-duty pilot ignition engines - Manufacturers may choose to certify 2002-2003 model year diesel-fueled, dual-fuel, and bi-fuel bus engines produced beginning October 1, 2002, to an optional 1.8 g/bhp-hr to 0.3 g/bhp-hr NOx plus NMHC standard, measured as the arithmetic sum of the NOx and NMHC exhaust component certification values, without restriction on individual component certification values; provided that engines certified to this optional reduced-emission NOx plus NMHC standard may not participate in any averaging, banking, or trading program set forth in the test procedures document incorporated by reference in subdivision (c) of this section. A manufacturer may certify to any standard between the values of 1.8 g/bhp-hr to 0.3 g/bhp-hr, by 0.3 g/bhp-hr NOx + NMHC increments. Manufacturers certifying to this optional standard must also certify to a PM standard of 0.01 g/bhp-hr.
(10) 2004-2006 - Except as provided in paragraph (11), below, the required standard shall be 2.4 g/bhp-hr NOx + NMHC measured as the arithmetic sum of exhaust component certification values for these pollutants, without restriction on individual component values, 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO, and 0.05 g/bhp-hr PM (0.07 g/bhp-hr PM in-use).
(A) Manufacturers may choose to certify to a 2.5 g/bhp-hr optional combined NOx + NMHC standard, provided that the NMHC exhaust component certification value shall not exceed 0.5 g/bhp-hr.
(B) Emissions averaging may be used to meet the combined NOx + NMHC standard, the optional combined NOx + NMHC standard set forth in paragraph (A), and the PM standard.
(C) The combined NOx + NMHC standard and the optional combined NOx + NMHC standard described in paragraph (A) may serve as the certification standard for the higher emitting fueling mode of an engine certified under the dual fueling mode certification process set forth in section 1956.8(a)(4), Title 13, CCR.
(11) 2004-2006 - For diesel-fueled, or dual-fuel, and bi-fuel urban bus engines except for heavy-duty pilot ignition engines, the standards are 0.5 g/bhp-hr NOx, 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM, 0.05 g/bhp-hr NMHC, 5.0 g/bhp-hr CO, and 0.01 g/bhp-hr formaldehyde. As an option, manufacturers may choose to meet the NOx and PM standards with a base engine that is certified to the standards in paragraph (10) above, equipped with an aftertreatment system that reduces NOx to 0.5 g/bhp-hr and PM to 0.01 g/bhp-hr standards. The NMHC, CO, and formaldehyde standards in this paragraph (11) shall still apply. Manufacturers shall be responsible for full certification, durability, testing, and warranty and other requirements for the base engine. For the aftertreatment system, manufacturers shall not be subject to the certification durability requirements, or in-use recall and enforcement provisions, but are subject to warranty provisions for functionality.
(A) Engine manufacturers may sell diesel-fueled, dual-fuel, or bi-fuel engines to any transit fleet exempted by the Executive Officer under paragraphs (b)(8) and (c)(7) of section 2023.1, Title 13, CCR, from the requirements of paragraphs (b)(5) and (c)(4) of section 2023.1, certified to the standards in either paragraphs (9) or (10) above, provided that engines certified to the standards in paragraph (10) must be certified to a 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standard.
(B) Manufacturers may sell diesel-fueled hybrid-electric buses that are certified to a 1.8 g/bhp-hr NOx, 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM, 0.5 g/bhp-hr NMHC, and 15.5 g/bhp-hr CO standard to any transit agency that has received written authorization from the Executive Officer pursuant to paragraph (c)(9) of section 2023.1, title 13, CCR. The formaldehyde standard set forth in paragraph (11), above, shall not apply to the HEBs sold pursuant to this subparagraph.
(b) 2003-2006 bi-fuel heavy-duty pilot ignition engines - A bi-fuel engine meeting the definition of a heavy-duty pilot ignition engine set forth in section 2020 may be certified to the standards in section 1956.1(a)(8) and (a)(10), provided that the engine is certified to an optional PM standard of 0.03, 0.02, or 0.01 g/bhp-hr.
(c)Test Procedures.The test procedures for determining compliance with standards applicable to 1985 through 2006 model-year heavy-duty diesel cycle urban bus engines and vehicles and the requirements for participation in the averaging, banking and trading programs, are set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," adopted April 8, 1985, as last amended December 12, 2002, the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles," adopted December 12, 2002, and the "California Interim Certification Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, in the Urban Bus and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Classes," adopted October 24, 2002, which are incorporated by reference herein.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43104 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39017, 39033, 39500, 39650, 39657, 39667, 39701, 40000, 43000, 43000.5, 43009, 43013, 43018, 43102 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code.



s 1956.2. Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 39667, 43013, 43018 and 43701(b), Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39017, 39500, 39650, 39667, 40000, 43000, 43000.5, 43013, 43018, 43701(b), 43801 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Sections 233 and 28114, Vehicle Code.



s 1956.3. Zero-Emission Bus Requirements.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43104 and 43806, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39017, 39018, 39500, 39701, 40000, 43000, 43000.5, 43009, 43013, 43018, 43102, 43801 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle Code.



s 1956.4. Reporting Requirements for all Urban Bus Transit Agencies.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 39659, 39667, 39701, 43018 and 41511, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39667, 39700, 39701, 41510, 41511, 43000, 43000.5, 43013, 43018, 43801 and 43806, Health and Safety Code.



s 1956.5. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1979 Model-Year Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles.
(a) The exhaust emissions from new 1979 model-year heavy-duty engines, except engines used in medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed:
Exhaust Emission Standards [FNa1]
(grams per brake horsepower hour)
Hydrocarbons
Carbon Oxides of Plus Oxides of
Note Hydrocarbons Monoxide Nitrogen Nitrogen
1 1.0 25 7.5 ---
2 1.5 25 7.5 ---
3 --- 25 --- 5

[FNa1] The three sets of standards shall be alternatives. A manufacturer shall have the option of showing compliance with any one of the three sets.
Notes:
1. Measured by procedures specified in Subpart H (gasoline-powered engines) or Subpart J (diesel-powered engines) of Part 86, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as they existed on September 8, 1977.
2. Measured by procedures specified in Subpart D (gasoline and diesel-powered engines) of Part 86, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as they existed on September 8, 1977.
3. Measured by the procedures specified in Subpart D, Subpart H, or Subpart J, as applicable, of Part 86, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as they existed on September 8, 1977.
(b) The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1979 and Subsequent Model-Year Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles," adopted October 5, 1976, as last amended March 1, 1978.
(c) A manufacturer may elect to certify heavy-duty vehicles of less than 10,000 pounds maximum gross vehicle weight rating as medium-duty vehicles under Section 1959.5 of this chapter, in which event heavy-duty emission standards and test procedures shall not apply.
(d) This regulation shall remain in effect until December 31, 1989, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1989, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43013, 43100, 43101, and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1956.6. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1980 Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles.
(a) The exhaust emissions from new 1980 model heavy-duty engines and vehicles, except engines used in medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed:
Exhaust Emission Standards
(grams per brake horsepower hour)
Hydrocarbons
Carbon plus Oxides of
Model Year Hydrocarbons Monoxide Nitrogen
1980 1.0 25 6.0
OR [FNa1] --- 25 5

[FNa1] The two sets of standards for each model year are alternatives. A manufacturer has the option for each engine family of showing compliance with either set. Separate deterioration factors shall be established, where applicable, for HC, CO, NOx, and/or the combined emissions of HC and NOx.
(b) The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1980 Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles," adopted May 24, 1978.
(c) A manufacturer may elect to certify heavy-duty vehicles of less than 10,000 pounds maximum gross vehicle weight rating as medium-duty vehicles under Section 1960.0 of this chapter, in which event heavy-duty emission standards and test procedures shall not apply.
(d) This regulation shall remain in effect until December 31, 1990, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1980, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43013, 43100, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1956.7. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -1981 Through 1986 Model Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Engines and Vehicles and 1981 Through 1984 Model Heavy-Duty Diesel-Powered Engines and Vehicles.
(a) The exhaust emissions from new 1981 through 1986 model heavy-duty gasoline-powered engines and new 1981 through 1984 model heavy-duty diesel-powered engines, except engines used in medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed:
Primary Exhaust Emission Standards

(grams per brake horsepower hour)

Gasoline Hydrocarbons
or Diesel Carbon Plus Oxides of
Model Year Powered Hydrocarbons Monoxide Nitrogen
1981-1983 Both 1.0 25 6.0
OR [FNa1] Both --- 25 5
1984 Both 0.5 25 4.5
1985-1986 Gasoline 0.5 25 4.5
Only

[FNa1] The two sets of standards for each model year are alternatives. A manufacturer has the option for each engine family of showing compliance with either set. Separate deterioration factors shall be established, where applicable, for HC, CO, NOx, and/or the combined emissions of HC and NOx.
The following optional exhaust emission standards are applicable to engines tested pursuant to the optional federal test procedures and regulations for 1984 model heavy-duty engines. These standards replace the federal standards in Code of Federal Regulations Sections 86.084-10 and 86.084-11 for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen, only. [FNaa1]
Optional Exhaust Emission Standards

(grams per brake horsepower hour)

Carbon Oxides of
Model Year Hydrocarbons Monoxide Nitrogen
1984 1.3 15.5 5.1

[FNaa1] The federal 3-mode optional standards for 1984 model- year diesel-powered engines do not apply. In addition, the engine crankcase emission control requirement in Subparagraph 86.084-11(b)(2)(c) shall not apply for the 1984 model year.
(b) The test procedures for determining compliance with 1981 standards are set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1981 Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles," adopted April 23, 1980.
(c) The test procedures for determining compliance with standards applicable to 1982 through 1986 models are set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1982 through 1986 Model Heavy-Duty Gasoline-Powered Engines and Vehicles and 1982 through 1984 Model Heavy-Duty Diesel-Powered Engines and Vehicles," adopted October 5, 1976, as last amended April 25, 1986.
(d) A manufacturer may elect to certify heavy-duty vehicles of less than 10,000 pounds maximum gross vehicle weight rating as medium-duty vehicles under Section 1960.1 of this chapter, in which event heavy-duty emission standards and test procedures shall not apply.
(e)(1) For 1982 through 1984, the executive officer may authorize use of engines certified to meet federal emission standards, or which are demonstrated to meet appropriate federal emission standards, in up to a total of 100 heavy-duty vehicles in any one calendar year when the executive officer has determined that no engine certified to meet California emission standards exists which is suitable for use in the vehicles. For 1985 and future years, the use of engines which are not heavy-duty engines certified for sale in California may be authorized pursuant to Section 1956.8.
(2) In order to qualify for an exemption, the vehicle manufacturer shall submit, in writing, to the executive officer the justification for such exemption. The exemption request shall show that, due to circumstances beyond the control of the vehicle manufacturer, California certified engines are unavailable for use in the vehicle. The request shall further show that redesign or discontinuation of the vehicle will result in extreme cost penalties and disruption of business. In evaluating a request for an exemption, the executive officer shall consider all relevant factors, including the number of individual vehicles covered by the request and the anti-competitive effect, if any, of granting the request. If a request is denied, the executive officer shall state in writing the reasons for the denial.
(3) In the event the executive officer determines that an applicant may meet the criteria for an exemption under this subsection, but that granting the exemption will, together with previous exemptions granted, result in over 100 vehicles being permitted under this subsection to use non-California engines in heavy-duty vehicles in any one calendar year through 1984, the exemption may be granted only by the state board, under the criteria set forth herein.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600 and 39601, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 43000, 43013, 43100, 43101 and 43104, Health and Safety Code.


s 1956.8. Exhaust Emissions Standards and Test Procedures -1985 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles.
(a)(1) The exhaust emissions (i) from new 1985 through 2003 model heavy-duty diesel engines (except methanol-fueled engines), andheavy-duty natural-gas-fueled and liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled engines derived from diesel-cycle engines, and (ii) from all new 1993 through 2003 model heavy-duty methanol-fueled, diesel engines, except in all cases engines used in medium-duty vehicles, shall not exceed: (continued)