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Exception: No. 3: The motor controller for a torque motor shall have a continuous-duty full load current rating not less than the nameplate current rating of the motor.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-83.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.84. Need Not Open All Conductors.
The controller shall not be required to open all conductors to the motor.
Exception: Where the controller serves also as a disconnecting means, it shall open all ungrounded conductors to the motor.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-84.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.86. Motor Not in Sight from Controller.
(a) If a motor and the driven machinery are not in sight from the controller location, the installation shall comply with one of the following conditions:
(1) The controller disconnecting means shall be capable of being locked in the open position.
(2) A manually operable switch that will disconnect the motor from its source of supply shall be placed in sight from the motor location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-86.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.102. In Sight from Controller Location.
A disconnecting means shall be located in sight from the controller location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-102.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.103. To Disconnect Both Motor and Controller.
The disconnecting means shall disconnect the motor and the controller from all ungrounded supply conductors and shall be so designed that no pole can be operated independently. The disconnecting means shall be permitted in the same enclosure with the controller. (See Section 2530.113 for equipment receiving energy from more than one source.) (Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-103.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.104. To Be Indicating.
The disconnecting means shall plainly indicate whether it is in the "open" (off) or "closed" (on) position.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-104.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.105. Grounded Conductors.
One pole of the disconnecting means shall be permitted to disconnect a permanently grounded conductor, provided the disconnecting means is so designed that the pole in the grounded conductor cannot be opened without simultaneously disconnecting all conductors of the circuit.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-105.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.106. Service Switch as Disconnecting Means.
Where an installation consists of a single motor, the service switch may serve as the disconnecting means if it complies with this Article and is within sight from the controller location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-106.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.107. Readily Accessible.
One of the disconnecting means shall be readily accessible.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-107.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.112. Motors Served by Single Disconnecting Means.
(a) Each motor shall be provided with an individual disconnecting means.
Exception: A single disconnecting means shall be permitted to serve a group of motors under any one of the following conditions:
(1) Where a number of motors drive several parts of a single machine or piece of apparatus, such as metal and woodworking machines, cranes, and hoists.
(2) Where a group of motors is in a single room within sight from the location of the disconnecting means.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-112 without condition (b) of the Exception.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2530.113. Energy from More Than One Source.
Equipment receiving electrical energy from more than one source shall be provided with disconnecting means from each source of electrical energy immediately adjacent to the equipment served. Each source shall be permitted to have a separate disconnecting means.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 430-113 without the Exceptions.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2533.1. Scope.
This Article covers the installation of all transformers.
Exception: No: 1: Current transformers.
Exception: No: 2: Dry-type transformers that constitute a component part of other apparatus and comply with the requirements for such apparatus.
Exception: No: 3: Transformers which are an integral part of an X-ray, high-frequency, or electrostatic-coating apparatus.
Exception: No: 4: Transformers for sign and outline lighting that comply with Article 73.
Exception: No: 5: Transformers for electric-discharge lighting that comply with Article 51.
Exception: No: 6: Transformers used for power limited fire protective signaling circuits.
Exception: No: 7: Transformers used with Class 2 and Class 3 circuits.
Exception: No: 8: Liquid-filled or dry-type transformers used for research, development, or testing, where effective arrangements are provided to safeguard unqualified persons from contacting high-voltage terminals or energized conductors.
This Article also covers the installation of transformers in hazardous locations as modified by Article 59.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 450-1.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2533.2. Location.
Transformers and transformer vaults shall be readily accessible to qualified personnel for inspection and maintenance.
Exception: Dry-type transformers located in the open on walls, columns, or structures, shall not be required to be readily accessible.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 450-2.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2534.2. Enclosing and Guarding.
(a) Capacitors containing more than 3 gallons of flammable liquid shall be enclosed in vaults or outdoor fenced enclosures.
(b) Capacitors shall be enclosed, located, or guarded so that persons cannot come into accidental contact or bring conducting materials into accidental contact with exposed energized parts, terminals, or buses associated with them.
Exception: No additional guarding is required for enclosures accessible only to authorized and qualified persons.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 460-2.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2534.6. Drainage of Stored Charge.
Capacitors shall be provided with a means of draining the stored charge.
(a) Time of Discharge. The residual voltage of a capacitor shall be reduced to 50 volts or less within one minute after the capacitor is disconnected from the source of supply.
(b) Means of Discharge. The discharge circuit shall be either permanently connected to the terminals of the capacitor or capacitor bank, or provided with automatic means of connecting it to the terminals of the capacitor bank on removal of voltage from the line. Manual means of switching or connecting the discharge circuit shall not be used.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 460-6.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2534.8. Disconnecting Means.
(a) A disconnecting means shall be provided in each ungrounded conductor for each capacitor bank.
Exception: Where a capacitor is connected on the load side of a motor-running overcurrent device.
(b) The disconnecting means shall not be required to open all ungrounded conductors simultaneously.
(c) The disconnecting means shall be permitted to disconnect the capacitor from the line as a regular operating procedure.
(d) The rating of the disconnecting means shall not be less than 135 percent of the rated current of the capacitor.
(Title 4, Part 3, Section 460-8.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2540.1. Scope.
This Article covers the requirements for electric equipment and wiring for all voltages in locations which are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers which may be present therein and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present. Hazardous (classified) locations may be found in occupancies such as, but not limited to, the following: Aircraft hangers, gasoline dispensing and service stations, bulk storage plants for gasoline or other volatile flammable liquids, paint-finishing process plants, health care facilities, agricultural or other facilities where excessive combustible dusts may be present, marinas, boat yards, and petroleum and chemical processing plants. Each room, section or area shall be considered individually in determining its classification. These classified locations are assigned six designations as follows:
Class I, Division 1
Class I, Division 2
Class II, Division 1
Class II, Division 2
Class III, Division 1
Class III, Division 2
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-500-1(a).)
(a) Class I locations. Class I locations are those in which flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. Class I locations include those specified in (1) and (2) following:
(1) Class I, Division 1. A Class I, Division 1 location is a location:
(A) In which hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors exist continuously, intermittently, or periodically under normal operating conditions; or
(B) In which hazardous concentrations of such gases or vapors may exist frequently because of repair or maintenance operations or because of leakage; or
(C) In which breakdown or faulty operation of equipment or processes might release hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors, and might also cause simultaneous failure of electric equipment.
Note: This classification usually includes locations where volatile flammable liquids or liquefied flammable gases are transferred from one container to another, interiors of spray booths and areas in the vicinity of spraying and painting operations where volatile flammable solvents are used: locations containing open tanks or vats of volatile flammable liquids; drying rooms or compartments for the evaporation of flammable solvents; locations containing fat and oil extraction equipment using volatile flammable solvents; portions of cleaning and dyeing plants where hazardous liquids are used; gas generator rooms and other portions of gas manufacturing plants where flammable gas may escape; inadequately ventilated pump rooms for flammable gas or for volatile flammable liquids; the interiors of refrigerators and freezers in which volatile flammable materials are stored in open, lightly stoppered, or easily ruptured containers; and all other locations where hazardous concentrations of flammable vapors or gases are likely to occur in the course of normal operations.
(2) Class I, Division 2. A Class I, Division 2 location is a location:
(A) In which volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases are handled, processed, or used, but in which the hazardous liquids, vapors, or gases will normally be confined within closed containers or closed systems from which they can escape only in case of accidental rupture or breakdown of such containers or systems, or in case of abnormal operation of equipment; or
(B) in which hazardous concentrations of gases or vapors are normally prevented by positive mechanical ventilation, and which might become hazardous through failure or abnormal operations of the ventilating equipment; or
(C) that is adjacent to a Class I, Division 1 location, and to which hazardous concentrations of gases or vapors might occasionally be communicated unless such communication is prevented by adequate positive-pressure ventilation from a source of clean air, and effective safeguards against ventilation failure are provided.
Note: This classification usually includes locations where volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases or vapors are used, but which would become hazardous only in case of an accident or of some unusual operating condition. The quantity of hazardous materials that might escape in case of accident, the adequacy of ventilating equipment, the total area involved, and the record of the industry or business with respect to explosions or fires are all factors that merit consideration in determining the classification and extent of each location.
Piping without valves, checks, meters, and similar devices would not ordinarily introduce a hazardous condition even though used for hazardous liquids or gases. Locations used for the storage of hazardous liquids or of liquefied or compressed gases in sealed containers would not normally be considered hazardous unless subject to other hazardous conditions also.
Electrical conduits and their associated enclosures separated from process fluids by a single seal or barrier are classed as a Division 2 location if the outside of the conduit and enclosures is a non-hazardous location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 500-4.)
(b) Class II Locations. Class II locations are those that are hazardous because of the presence of combustible dust. Class II locations include those specified in (1) and (2) following:
(1) Class II, Division 1. A Class II, Division 1 location is a location:
(A) In which combustible dust is or may be in suspension in the air continuously, intermittently, or periodically under normal operating conditions, in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures; or
(B) Where mechanical failure or abnormal operation of machinery or equipment might cause such explosive or ignitable mixtures to be produced, and might also provide a source of ignition through simultaneous failure of electric equipment, operation of protection devices, or from other causes; or
(C) In which combustible dusts of an electrically conductive nature may be present.
Note: This classification usually includes the working areas of grain handling and storage plants; rooms containing grinders or pulverizers, cleaners, graders, scalpers, open conveyors or spouts, open bins or hoppers, mixers or blenders, automatic or hopper scales, packing machinery, elevator heads and boots, stock distributors, dust and stock collectors (except all-metal collectors vented to the outside), and all similar dust-producing machinery and equipment in grain-processing plants, starch plants, sugar-pulverizing plants, malting plants, hay grinding plants, and other occupancies of similar nature; coal-pulverizing plants (except where the pulverizing equipment is essentially dust-tight); all working areas where metal dusts and powders are produced, processed, handled, packed, or stored (except in tight containers); and all other similar locations where combustible dust may, under normal operating conditions, be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. Combustible dusts which are electrically nonconductive include dusts produced in the handling and processing of grain and grain products, pulverized sugar and cocoa, dried egg and milk powders, pulverized spices, starch and pastes, potato and woodflour, oil meal from beans and seed, dried hay, and other organic materials which may produce combustible dusts when processed or handled. Electrically conductive nonmetallic dusts include dusts from pulverized coal, coke, carbon black, and charcoal. Dusts containing magnesium or aluminum are particularly hazardous and the use of extreme precaution will be necessary to avoid ignition and explosion.
(2) Class II, Division 2. A Class II, Division 2 location is a location in which combustible dust will not normally be in suspension in the air or will not be likely to be thrown into suspension by the normal operation of equipment or apparatus in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures, but:
(A) Where deposits or accumulations of such combustible dust may be sufficient to interfere with the safe dissipation of heat from electric equipment or apparatus; or
(B) Where such deposits or accumulations of combustible dust on, in, or in the vicinity of electric equipment might be ignited by arcs, sparks, or burning material from such equipment.
Note: Locations where dangerous concentrations of suspended dust would not be likely, but where dust accumulations might form on, or in the vicinity of electric equipment, would include rooms and areas containing only closed spouting and conveyors, closed bins or hoppers, or machines and equipment from which appreciable quantities of dust would escape only under abnormal operating conditions; rooms or areas adjacent to a Class II, Division 1 location as described in (1)(B) above, and into which explosive or ignitable concentrations of suspended dust might be communicated only under abnormal operating conditions; rooms or areas where the formation of explosive or ignitable concentrations of suspended dust is prevented by the operation of effective dust control equipment; warehouses and shipping rooms where dust-producing materials are stored or handled only in bags or containers; and other similar locations.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 500-5.)
(c) Class III Locations. Class III locations are those that are hazardous because of the presence of easily ignitable fibers or flyings but in which such fibers or flyings are not likely to be in suspension in the air in quantities sufficient to produce ignitable mixtures. Class III locations include those specified in (1) and (2) following:
(1) Class III, Division 1. A Class III, Division 1 location is a location in which easily ignitable fibers or materials producing combustible flyings are handled, manufactured, or used.
Note: Such locations usually include some parts of rayon, cotton, and other textile mills; combustible fiber manufacturing and processing plants; cotton gins and cotton-seed mills; flax-processing plants; clothing manufacturing plants; woodworking plants, and establishments and industries involving similar hazardous processes or conditions.
Easily ignitable fibers and flyings include rayon, cotton (including cotton linters and cotton waste), sisal or henequen, istle, jute, hemp, tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled waste kapok, Spanish moss, excelsior, and other materials of similar nature.
(2) Class III, Division 2. A Class III, Division 2 location is a location in which easily ignitable fibers are stored or handled.
Exception: In process of manufacture.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 500-6)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code..
s 2540.2. General.
(a) Approval. Equipment shall be approved not only for the class of location but also for the ignitable or combustible properties of the specific gas, vapor, dust, or fiber that will be present.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-500-2(a).)
(b) Intrinsically safe equipment. Equipment and associated wiring approved as intrinsically safe shall be permitted in any hazardous (classified) location for which it is approved. Intrinsically safe equipment and wiring shall not be capable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture in its most easily ignited concentration. Abnormal conditions shall include accidental damage to any field-installed wiring, failure of electrical components, application of over-voltage, adjustment and maintenance operations, and other similar conditions.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-500-1(b).)
(c) Conduits. All metallic conduits shall be threaded and shall be made wrench-tight. Where it is impractical to make a threaded joint tight, a bonding jumper shall be utilized.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-500-1(b).)
(d) Marking. Approved equipment not covered in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(3) of this section shall be marked to show the class, group, and operating temperature or temperature range based on operation in a 40 degrees C ambient, for which it is approved. The temperature marking shall not exceed the ignition temperature of the specific gas or vapor to be encountered.
(1) Equipment of the non-heat-producing type, such as junction boxes, conduit, and fittings and equipment of the heat-production type having a maximum temperature not more than 100 degrees C (212 degrees F), shall not be required to have a marked operating temperature or temperature range.
(2) Fixed lighting fixtures marked for use in Class I, Division 2 locations only, need not be marked to indicate the group.
(3) Fixed general-purpose equipment. Other than fixed lighting fixtures, which is acceptable for use in Division 2 locations shall not be required to be marked with the class, group, division, or operating temperature.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 500-2(b).)
(e) Equipment in Division 2 Locations. Equipment that has been approved for a Division 1 location shall be permitted in a Division 2 location of the same class and group.
General-purpose equipment or equipment in general-purpose enclosures shall be permitted to be installed in Division 2 locations if the equipment does not constitute a source of ignition under normal operating conditions.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 500-2(a).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2540.3. Electrical Installations.
Equipment, wiring methods and installations of equipment in classified locations shall be one or more of the following:
(a) Intrinsically safe.
(b) Approved for the classified location.
(c) Of a type and design which provides protection from the hazards arising from the combustibility and flammability of vapors, liquids, gases, dusts or fibers.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2540.4. Special Precautions.
Installation and use of equipment shall comply with the applicable provisions of Title 24, Part 3.
Note: Guidelines for Equipment and Installations. The National Electrical Code, 1984 Edition, contains guidelines that are appropriate for determining the type and design of equipment and installations with respect to paragraph (c) of Section 2540.3. The guidelines of this referenced document address electrical wiring, equipment, and systems installed in hazardous (classified) locations and contain specific provisions for the following: wiring methods, wiring connections, conductor insulation, flexible cords, sealing and drainage, transformers, capacitors, switches, circuit-breakers, fuses, motor controllers, receptacles, attachment plugs, meters, relays, instruments, resistors, generators, motors, lighting fixtures, storage battery charging equipment, electric cranes, electric hoists and similar equipment, utilization equipment, signaling systems, alarm systems, remote control systems, local loud speaker and communication systems, ventilation piping, live parts, lightning surge protection, and grounding.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2540.5. Commercial Garages, Repair and Storage.
(a) Scope. These occupancies shall include locations used for service and repair operations in connection with self-propelled vehicles (including passenger automobiles, buses, trucks, tractors, etc.) in which volatile flammable liquids are used for fuel or power. Areas in which flammable fuel is transferred to vehicle fuel tanks shall conform to Section 2540.8. Parking garages used for parking or storage and where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and routine maintenance requiring no use of electrical equipment, open flames, welding, or the use of volatile flammable liquids are not classified as hazardous areas, but they shall be adequately ventilated to carry off the exhaust fumes of the engines.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 511-1.)
(b) Hazardous Areas.
(1) Up to a Level of 18 Inches Above the Floor. For each floor the entire area up to a level of 18 inches above the floor shall be considered to be a Class I, Division 2 location except where there is mechanical ventilation providing a minimum of four air changes per hour.
(2) Any Pit or Depression Below Floor Level. Any pit or depression below floor level shall be considered to be a Class I, Division 1 location which shall extend up to said floor level, except that any pit or depression in which six air changes per hour are exhausted at the floor level of the pit shall be permitted to be a Class I, Division 2 location.
(3) Areas Adjacent to Defined Locations with Positive Pressure Ventilation. Areas adjacent to defined locations in which hazardous vapors are not likely to be released such as stock rooms, switchboard rooms and other similar locations shall not be classed as hazardous when mechanically ventilated at a rate of four or more air changes per hour or when effectively cut off by walls or partitions.
(4) Adjacent Areas by Special Permission. Adjacent areas which, by reason of ventilation, air pressure differentials or physical spacing, are such that no hazard exists, shall be classified as nonhazardous.
(5) Fuel Dispensing Units. When fuel dispensing units (other than liquid petroleum gas which is prohibited) are located within buildings, the requirements of Section 2540.8 shall govern.
When mechanical ventilation is provided in the dispensing area, the controls shall be interlocked so that the dispenser cannot operate without ventilation as prescribed in Section 2540.1(a)(2).
(6) Portable Lamps. Portable lamps shall be equipped with handle, lampholder, hook and substantial guard attached to the lampholder or handle. All exterior surfaces which might come in contact with battery terminals, wiring terminals, or other objects shall be of nonconducting material or shall be effectively protected with insulation. Lampholders shall be of unswitched type and shall not provide means for plug-in of attachment plugs. Outer shell shall be of molded composition or other material approved for the purpose. Unless the lamp and its cord are supported or arranged in such a manner that they cannot be used in the hazardous areas classified in this section, they shall be of a type approved for such hazardous locations.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 511-2.)
(c) Battery Charging Equipment. Battery chargers and their control equipment, and batteries being charged shall not be located within hazardous areas.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 511-7.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2540.6. Aircraft Hangars.
(a) Definition. An aircraft hangar is a location used for storage or servicing of aircraft in which gasoline, jet fuels, or other volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases are used. It shall not include locations used exclusively for aircraft that have never contained such liquids or gases, or that have been drained and properly purged.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 513-1.)
(b) Classification of Locations.
(1) Below Floor Level. Any pit or depression below the level of the hangar floor shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location that shall extend up to said floor level.
(2) Areas Not Cut Off or Ventilated. The entire area of the hangar, including any adjacent and communicating areas not suitably cut off from the hangar, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location up to a level 18 inches above the floor.
(3) Vicinity of Aircraft. The area within 5 feet horizontally from aircraft power plants or aircraft fuel tanks shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location that shall extend upward from the floor to a level 5 feet above the upper surface of wings and of engine enclosures.
(4) Areas Suitably Cut Off and Ventilated. Adjacent areas in which flammable liquids or vapors are not likely to be released, such as stock rooms, electrical control rooms, and other similar locations, shall not be classified as hazardous where adequately ventilated and where effectively cut off from the hangar itself by walls or partitions.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 513-2.)
(c) Mobile Stanchions. Mobile stanchions with electric equipment which is not approved for a hazardous location shall carry at least one permanently affixed warning sign essentially reading:
"WARNING -KEEP 5 FEET CLEAR OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES AND FUEL TANK AREAS."
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 513-6.)
(d) Aircraft Electrical Systems. Aircraft electrical systems shall be de-energized when the aircraft is stored in a hangar, and whenever possible, while the aircraft is undergoing maintenance.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 513-6.)
(e) Aircraft Battery -Charging and Equipment. Aircraft batteries shall not be charged when installed in an aircraft located inside or partially inside a hangar.
Battery charges and their control equipment shall not be located or operated within any of the hazardous areas. Mobile chargers shall carry at least one permanently affixed warning sign essentially reading:
"WARNING -KEEP 5 FEET CLEAR OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES AND FUEL TANK AREAS."
Tables, racks, trays, and wiring shall not be located within a hazardous location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 513-9.)
(f) External Power Sources for Energizing Aircraft.
(1) Not Less than 18 inches Above Floor. Aircraft energizers shall be so designed and mounted that all electric equipment and fixed wiring will be at least 18 inches above floor level and shall not be operated in a hazardous location.
(2) Marking for Mobile Units. Mobile energizers shall carry at least one permanently affixed warning sign essentially reading:
"WARNING -KEEP 5 FEET CLEAR OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES AND FUEL TANK AREAS."
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 513-10.)
(g) Mobile Servicing Equipment with Electric Components.
(1) General. Mobile servicing equipment (such as vacuum cleaners, air compressors, air movers, etc.) having electric wiring and equipment not suitable for Class I, Division 2 locations shall be so designed and mounted that all such fixed wiring and equipment will be at least 18 inches above the floor. Such mobile equipment shall not be operated within the hazardous location and shall carry at least one permanently affixed warning sign essentially reading:
"WARNING -KEEP 5 FEET CLEAR OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES AND FUEL TANK AREAS."
(2) Restricted Use. Mobile equipment not suitable for Class I, Division 2 locations shall not be operated in locations where maintenance operations likely to release flammable liquids or vapors are in progress.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 513-11(a), (c).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2540.7. Gasoline Dispensing and Service Stations.
(a) Definition. A gasoline dispensing and service station is a location where gasoline or other volatile flammable liquids or liquefied flammable gases are transferred to the fuel tanks (including auxiliary fuel tanks) of self-propelled vehicles.
Other areas used as lubritoriums, service rooms, repair rooms, offices, salesrooms, compressor rooms, and similar locations shall comply with Section 2540.6 with respect to electric wiring and equipment. Where it can be determined that flammable liquids having a flashpoint below 38 degrees C (100 degrees F), such as gasoline, will not be handled, such a location may be classified as nonhazardous.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 514-1.)
(b) Hazardous Locations.
(1) Vicinity of Dispenser. The space within the dispenser up to 4 feet from its base and the space within 18 inches extending horizontally from the dispenser up to 4 feet from its base shall be considered a Class I, Division 1 location. This classification shall also apply to any space below the dispenser that may contain electric wiring or equipment.
(2) Within 20 Feet of Dispenser. In an outside location, any area (excluding Class I, Division 1, but including buildings not suitably cut off) within 20 feet horizontally from the exterior enclosure of any dispensing pump shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location, which shall extend to a level 18 inches above driveway or ground level.
(3) Vicinity of Tank Fill-Pipe. In an outside location, any area (excluding Class I, Division 1, but including buildings not suitably cut off) within 10 feet horizontally from any tank fill-pipe shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location, which shall extend upward to a level 18 inches above driveway or ground level.
(4) Below Surface. Electric wiring and equipment, any portion of which is below the surface grade of locations defined as Class I, Division 1 or Division 2 in (1), (2) or (3) above, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location, which shall extend at least to the point of emergency above grade.
(5) Overhead Dispensing Units. Where the dispensing unit, including the hose and hose nozzle valve, is suspended from a canopy, ceiling, or structural support, the Class I, Division 1 location shall include the volume within the enclosure and shall also extend 18 inches in all directions from the enclosure where not suitably cut off by a ceiling or wall. The Class I, Division 2 locations shall extend 2 feet horizontally in all directions beyond the Division I classified location and extend to grade below this classified location. In addition, the horizontal area 18 inches above grade for a distance of 20 feet, measured from a point vertically below the edge of any dispenser enclosure, shall be classified as a Division 2 location. All electric equipment integral with the dispensing hose or nozzle shall be approved for Class I locations.
(6) Vicinity of Tank Vent-Pipe. The spherical volume within a 3-foot radius from point of discharge of any tank vent-pipe shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location, and the volume between 3-foot to 5-foot radius from point of discharge of a vent shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location. For any vent that does not discharge upward, the cylindrical volume below both the Division 1 and 2 locations extending to the ground shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location. The hazardous location shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall.
(7) Pits Below Grade. In addition to the requirements of Section 2540.8(a) (Definition), the space within any pit, or space below grade in lubrication rooms, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location. The area within the entire lubrication room up to 18 inches above the floor or grade, and the space within 3 feet measured in any direction from the dispensing point of a hand-operated unit dispensing Class I liquids, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(8) Vapor Processing (Recovery) System.
(A) Pits. Any pit, box or space below grade level, any part of which is within a Division 1 or 2 classified area or which houses any equipment used to transport or process vapors shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location.
(B) Vapor Processing Equipment Located Within Protective Enclosures. The space within any protective enclosure housing vapor processing equipment shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(C) Vapor Processing Equipment Not Within Protective Enclosures (excluding piping and combustion device). The space within 18 inches in all directions of equipment containing flammable vapor or liquid extending to grade level and up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet horizontally of the vapor processing equipment shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(D) Equipment Enclosures. Any area within the enclosure where vapor or liquid is present under normal operating conditions shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location. The entire area within the enclosure, other than Division 1, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(E) Vacuum Assist Blowers. The space within 18 inches in all directions extending to grade level and up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet horizontally shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 514-2.)
(c) Circuit Disconnects. Each circuit leading to or through a dispensing pump shall be provided with a switch or other acceptable means to disconnect simultaneously from the source of supply all conductors of the circuit, including the grounded neutral, if any.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 514-5.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2540.8. Bulk-Storage Plants.
(a) Definition. A bulk-storage plant is a location where gasoline or other volatile flammable liquids are stored in tanks having an aggregate capacity of one carload or more, and from which such products are distributed (usually by tank truck). This shall also include locations where volatile flammable liquids are loaded or unloaded from tanker ships.
(Title 24, Part 3, Sections 515-1)
(b) Hazardous Locations.
(1) Pumps, Bleeders, Withdrawal Fittings, Meters and Similar Devices.
(A) Adequately ventilated indoor locations containing pumps, bleeders, withdrawal fittings, meters and similar devices that are located in pipe lines handling flammable liquids under pressure shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location with a 5-foot distance extending in all directions from the exterior surface of such devices. The Class I, Division 2 location shall also extend 25 feet horizontally from any surface of these devices and extend up to 3 feet above the floor or grade level.
(B) Inadequately ventilated indoor locations containing pumps, bleeders, withdrawal fittings, meters and similar devices that are located in pipe lines handling flammable liquids under pressure shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location within a 5-foot distance extending in all directions from the exterior surface of such devices. The Class I, Division 1 location shall also extend 25 feet horizontally from any surface of the devices and extend upward to 3 feet above floor or grade level.
(C) Outdoor locations containing pumps, bleeders, withdrawal fittings, meters, and similar devices that are located in pipe lines handling flammable liquids under pressure shall be classified as Class I, Division 2 locations within a 3- foot distance extending in all directions from the exterior surfaces of such devices. The Class I, Division 2 location shall also extend up to 18 inches above grade level within 10 feet horizontally from any surface of the devices.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-2.)
(2) Transfer of Flammable Liquids to Individual Containers.
(A) In outdoor locations or wherever positive and reliable mechanical ventilation is provided in indoor locations in which flammable liquids are transferred to individual containers, such locations shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location within 3 feet of the vent or fill opening extending in all directions. A Class I, Division 2 location shall be within the space extending between 3-foot and 5-foot radius from the vent or fill opening extending in all directions, and including the area within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from the vent or fill opening and extending to a height of 18 inches above floor or grade levels.
(B) Indoor locations in which flammable liquids are transferred to containers and where positive and reliable mechanical ventilation is not provided shall be classified as Class I, Division 1 locations.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-2.)
(3) Loading and Unloading of Tank Vehicles and Tank Cars in Outside Locations.
(A) The space extending 3 feet in all directions from the dome when loading through an open dome or from the vent when loading through a closed dome with atmospheric venting shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location.
(B) The space extending between a 3-foot and 15-foot radius from the dome when loading through an open dome or from the vent when loading through a closed dome with atmospheric venting shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(C) The space extending within 3 feet in all directions from a fixed connection used in bottom loading or unloading, loading through a closed dome with atmospheric venting, or loading through a closed dome with a vapor recovery system, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location. In the case of bottom loading or unloading, this classification shall also be applied to the area within a 10-foot radius from the point of connection and extending 18 inches above grade.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-2.)
(4) Aboveground Tanks.
(A) The space above the roof and within the shell of a floating roof type tank shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location.
(B) For all types of aboveground tanks, the space within 10 feet from the shell, ends, and roof of other than a floating roof shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location. Where dikes are provided, the space inside the dike and extending upward to the top of the dike shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(C) The space within 5 feet of a vent opening and extending in all directions shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location.
(D) The space between 5 and 10 feet of a vent opening and extending in all directions shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-2.)
(5) Pits.
(A) Any pit or depression, any part of which lies within a Division 1 or Division 2 location as defined herein, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 1 location unless provided with positive and reliable mechanical ventilation.
(B) Any such location that is provided with positive and reliable mechanical ventilation shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(C) Any pit or depression not within a Division 1 or Division 2 location as defined herein, but that contains piping, valves, or fittings, shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-2.)
(6) Docks for Loading and Unloading of Tanker Ships. Docks used for loading and unloading of tanker ships shall conform to Figure 1, "Marine Terminal Handling Flammable Liquids".
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-1(a).)
(A) The interior of a building, any portion of which is located in such Class I, Division 2 locations shall also be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location.
Exception: Buildings which are provided with satisfactory positive ventilation, and safeguards, with air taken from a clean air source may be considered to be a nonhazardous location.
(B) All electrical power driven pumps and transfer apparatus for flammable liquids shall be provided with an identified 'STOP' or normal control switch readily accessible to the person operating the equipment.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-(a).)
(7) Garages for Tank Vehicles. Storage and repair garages for tank vehicles shall be classified as a Class I, Division 2 location up to 18 inches above the floor or grade level.
Exception: Where conditions warrant, a more severe classification or greater extent of the hazardous location may be required.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-2.)
(c) Gasoline Dispensing. Where gasoline dispensing is carried on in conjunction with bulk station operations, the applicable provisions of Section 2540.8 shall apply.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-7.)
Notes: (1) The "source of vapor" shall be the operating envelope and stored postion of the outboard flange connection of the loading arm (or hose).
(2) The berth area adjacent to tanker and barge cargo tanks is to be Division 2 of the following extent:
a. 25 ft. (7.6 m) horizontally in all directions on the pier side from that portion of the hull containing cargo tanks.
b. From the water level to 25 ft. (7.6 m) above the cargo tanks at their highest position.
(3) Additional locations may have to be classified as required by the presence of other sources of flammable liquids on the berth, or by Coast Guard or other regulations.
Figure 1. Marine Terminal Handling Flammable Liquids.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 515-1(a))
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(b), Health and Safety Code.
s 2540.9. Finishing Processes.
(a) Definition. This section covers locations where paints, lacquers, or other flammable finishes are regularly or frequently applied by spraying, dipping, brushing, or by other means; where volatile flammable solvents or thinners are used; and where readily ignitable deposits or residues from such paints, lacquers, or finishes may occur.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 516-1.)
(b) Hazardous Locations. Classification is with respect to the effects of an exposure to flammable vapors, and in some cases deposits of paint spray residue.
(1) Class I, Division 1 Locations. The following spaces shall be considered Class I, Division 1 locations.
(A) The interiors of spray booths and their exhaust ducts.
(B) Any space in the direct path of spray or any space containing dangerous quantities of air-suspended combustible residue, deposits, vapor or mists as a result of spraying operations more extensive than touch-up spraying and not conducted within spray booths.
(C) For dipping operations, all space within 5 feet in any direction from the vapor source. The vapor source shall be the liquid surface in the dip tank, the wetted surface of the drain board and the surface of the dipped object over either the liquid surface or the wetted surface of the drain board and extending from these surfaces to the floor.
(D) Pits having an opening within Class I, Division 1 and Division 2 locations.
(2) Class I, Division 2 locations. The following spaces shall be considered Class I, Division 2 locations.
(A) For extensive open spraying, all space outside of, but within 20 feet horizontally and 10 feet vertically of the Class I, Division 1 location as defined in Section 2540.9(b)(1) and not separated from it by partitions. See Figure 1.
(B) For spraying operations conducted within a closed top, open face or front spray booth, the space shown in Figures 2 and 3, and the space within 3 feet in all directions from openings other than the open face of front.
The Class I, Division 2 location shown in Figures 2 and 3 shall extend from the open face or front of the spray booth in accordance with the following:
1. If the ventilation system is interlocked with the spraying equipment so as to make the spraying equipment inoperable when the ventilation system is not in operation, the space shall extend 5 feet from the open face or front of the spray booth, and as otherwise shown in Figure 2.
2. If the ventilation system is not interlocked with the spraying equipment so as to make the spraying equipment inoperable when the ventilation system is not in operation, the space shall extend 10 feet from the open face or front of the spray booth, and as otherwise shown in Figure 3.
(C) For spraying operations conducted within an open top spray booth, the space 5 feet above the booth and within the space shown in Figure 3 as a Class I, Division 2 location adjacent to openings.
(D) For spraying operations confined to an enclosed spray booth, the space within 3 feet in all directions from any openings in the spray booth.
(E) For dip tanks and drain boards, and for other hazardous operations, all space beyond the limits for Class I, Division 1 and within 8 feet of the vapor source as defined in (b)(1)(C). In addition, all space from the door to 3 feet above the floor, and extending 20 feet horizontally from the vapor source as defined in (b)(1)(C).
(3) Nonhazardous Locations. Locations utilizing drying, curing, or fusion apparatus and provided with positive mechanical ventilation adequate to prevent formation of flammable concentrations of vapors, andprovided with effective interlocks to de-energize all electric equipment (other than equipment approved for Class I locations) in case the ventilating equipment is inoperative, may be classified as nonhazardous. (continued)