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(continued)
(4) Arrangements shall be such that a rope ladder can be promptly placed into position, or equivalent steps taken if the need should arise.
(5) Adequate means of communication, protected against damage or failure, shall be provided between hoist operator and drill cage.
(p) A method using raise-climbing machinery is acceptable, provided that the degree of protection for employees are equivalent to that required for the drill-cage method.
(q) During raising operations, no work or other activity shall take place beneath an open raise. The area around the bottom of the open raise shall be effectively barricaded and posted against entry. Where a raise bore is used, the area barricaded shall be extended a sufficient distance from the centerline of the raise to provide protection should the cutterhead and/or drill rod assembly accidently fall down the raise.
(r) During raise boring operations and/or shaft enlargement, muck shall not be permitted to accumulate closer than 12 inches from the bottom collar to prevent plugging.
(s) Mucking operations shall not be conducted concurrent with raise boring except those operations conducted by employees in a remote location providing protection from the hazards associated with a failure of the drill rod, cutterhead assembly or falling material.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8497. Wire Rope and Sheaves.
(a) Factor of Safety. All rope to be used for regular hoisting shall be wire rope providing a factor of safety not less than five to one for material hoist and ten to one for personnel hoist when new, which shall be calculated by dividing the breaking strength of the wire rope as given in the manufacturer's published tables, by the total load to be hoisted including the total weight of the wire rope in the shaft when fully let out, plus a proper allowance for impact and acceleration.
The acceleration allowance shall be in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, but in all cases the factor of safety of five or more must be maintained when the load, used in determining it, is greater than the actual weight by a percentage that is numerically three times the acceleration or decelearation, whichever is greatest. For example, a deceleartion or acceleration of two feet per second that increases the load would require use of an effective load 6 percent greater than the actual weight, in the calcuation of a factor of safety.
(b) Wire Rope Fastenings. Every wire rope used for hoisting shall be securely fastened at both ends and when in use shall not be fully unwound; at least three full turns shall remain on the drum so as to protect the end fastening at drum from overload. The wire rope end at the cage, skip or bucket shall be securely fastened by a properly made tapered socket joint, by an eye in the wire rope made with an oval thimble and wire rope clips, or by another method acceptable to the Division for this or similar service. If the wire rope clip method is used, the spacing and number used shall be as shown in Table - 1 for U-Bolts and in Table - 2 for Fist-Grip clips based upon using RRL or RLL wire rope, 6 x 19 or 6 x 37 Class, FC or IWRC; IPS or XIP. If Seale construction or similar large outer wire type construction in the 6 x 19 Class is to be used for sizes 1 inch and larger, add one additional clip. If a pulley (sheave) is used for turning back the wire rope, add one additional clip.
The number of clips shown also applies to rotation-resistant RRL wire rope, 8 x 19 Class, IPS, XIP, sizes 1-1/2 inch and smaller; and to rotation-resistant RRL wire rope, 19 x 7 Class, IPS, XIP (sizes 1-3/4 inch and smaller for U-Bolts and size 1-1/2 inch and smaller for Fist Grips).
Note: Wire rope abbreviation used above --
RRL - Right Regular Lay
Rll - Right Lange Lay
FC - Fiber Rope Core
IWRC - Independent Wire Rope Core
IPS - Improved Plow Steel
XIP - Extra Improved Plow Steel
Table 1 - Manufacturer's Recommendation for Using U-Bolt with Thimble
Terminations
Clip Size [FNa1] Min. No. of Amount of Torque in
Inches Clips Rope to Turn Lbs. Ft.
Back - Inches
1/2 3 11-1/2 65
9/16 3 12 95
5/8 3 12 95
3/4 4 18 130
7/8 4 19 225
1 5 26 225
1-1/8 6 34 225
1-1/4 6 37 360
1-3/8 7 44 360
1-1/2 7 48 360
1-5/8 7 51 430
1/34 7 53 590
2 8 71 750
2-1/4 8 73 750
[FNa1] Same as nominal rope diameter.
If a greater number of clips used than shown in the table, the amount of rope turnback should be increased proportionately. ABOVE BASED ON USE OF CLIPS ON NEW ROPE.
Manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed for other kinds of wire ropes.
Table 2 - Manufacturer's Recommendation for Using Fist Clips with Thimble
Terminations.
Clip Size [FNa1] Min. No. of Amount of Torque in
Inches Clips Rope to Turn Lbs. Ft.
Back - Inches
1/2 3 11 65
9/16 3 12-3/4 130
5/8 3 13-1/2 130
3/4 4 16 225
7/8 4 26 225
1 5 37 225
1-1/8 5 41 360
1-1/4 6 55 360
1-3/8 6 62 500
1-1/2 7 78 500
If a greater number of clips are used than shown in the table, the amount of turnback should be increased proportionately.
[FNa1] The tightening torque values shown are based upon the threads being clean, dry, and free of lubrication.
(c) Unsafe Wire Rope. No wire rope shall be used for hoisting when:
(1) There are 6 broken wires in one rope lay or 3 broken wires in one strand of a rope lay, or
(2) Wires on the crown are worn to 65 percent of their original diameter, or
(3) Kinking, birdcaging, high stranding, displacement or distortion of the rope structure exists, or
(4) Heat damage or marked corrosion exists, or
(5) Conditions exist which exceed the wire rope manufacturer's removal criteria.
(6) Loss of more than ten percent of rope strength as determined by nondestructive testing.
(d) Splicing. Spliced wire rope shall not be used, except that the end may be attached to the load by the thimble and/or clip method, as provided in subsection (b) of this section.
(e) Sheave and Drum Diameters. Each head sheave and hoist drum shall have a minimum diameter, according to the type of wire rope used, as follows:
6 x 7 wire rope - 42 times rope diameter
6 x 19 wire rope - 30 times rope diameter
6 x 37 wire rope - 18 times rope diameter
8 x 19 wire rope - 21 times rope diameter
(f) End Connections.
(1) A safety hook, shackle or other means providing closed design protection shall form the attachment between rope and a bucket, cage, skip or load. The attachment shall be made so that the force of the hoist pull, vibration, misalignment, release of lift force, or impact will not disengage the connection. Moused or open-throat hooks with light safety latches do not meet this requirement.
(2) All wire rope fittings and connections shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' specifications and compatible with the type of wire rope used.
(3) Spin-type connections, where used, shall be maintained in a clean condition and protected from foreign objects that could affect their operation.
(4) Where wire rope wedge sockets are used, means shall be provided to prevent wedge escapement and to ensure the wedge is properly seated.
(g) Drug Flanges. The drum of any hoist used for hoisting shall have flanges which extend at least 2 inches radially beyond the last layer of rope when all the rope is coiled on the drum.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8498. Hoisting Signals.
(a) Every shaft or incline shall be provided with two efficient means of interchanging distinct and definite signals between the top of the shaft and the lowest level and any intermediate level from which hoisting is being done, and from the conveyance at any point in the shaft. One system shall be a closed-circuit voice communication system to each landing station, with speaker microphones so located that the hoisting engineer can communicate with the individual landing stations during hoist use.
(b) Special care shall be taken to keep the signal apparatus in good order and to prevent electric signal and telephone wires from making contact with other electric conductors. The primary and secondary signal systems shall be tested at the beginning of each shift and as often as necessary at other times to ensure they are in working order.
(c) Signals to the hoist engineer shall be given only by persons authorized to do so.
(d) Hoisting signals shall be posted at the hoist and at each level.
(e) Where mobile cranes are used at shafts, there shall be a qualified signal person in direct voice communication with the hoisting engineer safely stationed where they can observe the load in the shaft and relay signals to the hoisting engineer, except where the load is in full view of the hoisting engineer or the load is provided with guides.
(f) Any signal not readily understood by the hoisting engineer shall be interpreted as a "stop" signal, and no movement of the shaft conveyance shall be undertaken until a clear and understandable signal is received.
(g) Where it is necessary to use bells or similar equipment for hoisting or lowering signals, the following system or code shall be used:
Signals from 2 -1 bells, to hoist rock.
tunnel to
hoist
engineer:
1 bell, to stop if in motion.
1 -2 -1 bells, to release skip.
2 bells, to lower.
3 -1 bells, employee on; run slowly; employees to be hoisted.
3 -2 bells, employee on; run slowly; employees to be lowered.
7 bells and repeat, accident.
3 -3 -1 bells, hoist cautiously.
3 -3 -2 bells, lower cautiously.
3 -2 -1 bells, ready to blast.
The signals 3 -3 -1 and 3 -3 -2 may be used to move cage, skip, bucket or other conveyance, whenever there is a need to hoist or lower cautiously whether or not men are aboard.
The signal "ready to blast" shall be followed by the signal "ready to hoist" coming from the hoisting engineer.
Engineer's signal that he/she is ready to hoist, is to raise the bucket, cage, or skip about 2 feet and lower it again.
Legible copies of the signals shall be posted in a convenient location at the collar of the shaft, at each station and at the operator's station. This signal code must include proper signal for each level or station.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8499. Hoisting Engineers.
(a) At every shaft where personnel or materials are hoisted there shall be one or more qualified individuals to be known as hoisting engineers. They shall be able to speak and read English readily, and must have had practical experience in operating shaft hoisting systems. Each hoisting engineer shall pass a thorough physical examination, at least once a year, by a medical physician authorized to practice in California. Arrangements shall be made so that written verification indicating that the hoist engineer is physically fit to operate a hoist is sent to the employer for posting near the hoisting system control room. (See example of form shown in Appendix C of these safety orders as to the suggested information required.)
(b) Individuals who have not had practical experience in hoisting personnel or material shall not be assigned to duty as hoisting engineers without prior training under the direction of an experienced hoisting engineer. A reasonable number of trainees may work under the direct supervision of a qualified hoisting engineer hoisting materials for the purpose of obtaining the necessary experience to qualify them as hoisting engineers. Training shall include experience in operation of the hoist handling material only, until such time as the employer considers the learner competent to hoist and lower personnel. Training shall be done at such times and under such circumstances as to avoid the creation of any unusual hazard.
(c) At all shafts where personnel or materials are hoisted, only those familiar with the details and workings of a shaft hoist shall be assigned to this work and, except in cases of emergency or as provided for in (b) above, no one but the duly appointed hoisting engineers shall operate such hoisting system.
(d) At any shaft where hoisting is conducted, a copy of this article shall be available near the operator's station at all times. Prior to any person assuming the duties as a hoisting engineer, he/she shall be required to familiarize himself/herself with, and follow all the requirements contained therein.
(e) The hoisting engineer shall report immediately to his/her employer any defects in the hoisting or communication systems. The hoisting engineer shall not operate the hoisting system, nor permit any other person to operate the system until said defects have been corrected.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8500. Hoisting Operations.
(a) Inexperienced or untrained employees shall not be permitted to operate the hoist (See Section 8499).
(b) Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed in the hoist room.
(c) There shall be no conversation involving the hoisting engineer while the hoist is in motion, or while he/she is attending to signals, except to receive orders or instructions.
(d) A shaft conveyance shall not be left at the collar of the shaft, or at a landing, but must be hung at least 10 feet from the collar of the shaft, or landing when not in use and before the hoist operator leaves his/her post.
(e) Whenever employees are working in a place to which they have been lowered by mechanical power, arrangements must be such that a hoisting engineer or a substitute will be within sight and sound of the signal system at the operator's station.
(f) The hoist shall not be operated and the cage, skip or bucket moved while oiling operations are under way unless clearance is obtained from the oiler. The hoisting engineer shall be notified when oiling operations are to commence and when they are finished.
(g) When employees are working in a shaft without a bulkhead over their heads, the skip, cage or bucket shall not be moved until the employees in the shaft are in the clear. Movement shall not be attempted without permission from those who issued the hold order.
(h) The hoist shall be operated with extreme caution whenever persons are being hoisted up or down.
(i) When a bucket is used for hoisting materiels, buckets shall be trimmed prior to hoisting and means shall be provided that will prevent material from falling into the shaft or incline while the bucket is being dumped.
(j) Before any work is commenced in a shaft or incline served by a hoisting system, the hoisting engineer and other employees in the area shall be informed concerning the details and given appropriate instructions. A sign warning that work is being done in the shaft shall be installed at the shaft collar, the operator's station, and at each underground landing.
(k) When employees enter the sump of a shaft or incline a positive stop shall be provided to prevent a load from being lowered on top of them and the hoist engineer shall be notified that the load is not to be moved until the employees working in the sump give the hoisting engineer clearance.
(l) In shafts and inclines precautions shall be taken to prevent materials being hoisted from catching on rocks, timbers or other obstructions.
(m) All timbers, tools, etc., longer than the depth of the bucket, skip cage or other conveyance in which they are to be hoisted or lowered must be lashed at their upper ends to the cable or otherwise secured.
(n) Personnel shall not be permitted to ride on the tops of any shaft conveyance except when necessary to perform inspection, maintenance, or repair of the shaft or hoisting system, in which case they shall be protected by guardrails or approved fall protection systems.
(o) Personnel shall not be permitted to ride on any trip in which the conveyance is loaded with explosives, except in case of a person in charge of explosives and the cage operator. No other hoisting and other activity shall be permitted when transporting explosives.
(p) Personnel and materials or equipment, other than small tools and supplies secured in a manner that will not create a hazard to employees, shall not be hoisted together in the same conveyance. However, if the cage operator is protected from shifting of materials and equipment, then the cage operator may ride with material or equipment in cages or skips.
(q) During hoisting operations no load or conveyance shall be lowered directly to any place in a shaft or incline steeper than 20 degrees from the horizontal when employees are in the shaft. All such equipment shall be stopped at least 15 feet above them, and remain there until the signal to lower further is received from them.
(r) The door and gates of all shaft conveyances shall be closed and latched before a signal to move the shaft conveyance is given and they shall remain shut until the conveyance has come to a complete stop.
(s) Employees shall not enter or leave any conveyance if it is in motion or after a signal has been given to the hoisting engineer.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8501. Shafts and Hoisting Systems Inspections.
(a) A written systematic procedure of inspection testing and maintenance of shafts, hoisting systems, conveyances, hoist ropes and rigging required by this article and other applicable safety orders shall be developed and followed. Such inspection, testing and maintenance shall be done by a qualified person. If it is found or suspected that any component is not functioning properly, hoisting shall not be conducted until the malfunction has been located and corrected. (See suggested example in Appendix D of these safety orders.)
(b) All hoisting machinery, anchorages, hoist ropes and rigging, and safety appliances connected therewith shall be inspected at the beginning of each shift and during hoist use, as necessary.
(c) At the beginning of each shift, after any repairs to the shaft or hoisting system, or following any occurrence that might restrict or obstruct the conveyance, the conveyance on which no personnel are riding shall be operated up and down in the working part of the shaft at least once before resuming hoisting operations. Special attention shall be given during this test run to the condition of the hoisting machinery and shaft. No personnel shall be hoisted or lowered until all hazards disclosed by this trial are corrected except for those employees necessary to correct the condition and only under direct supervision and after appropriate precautions have been taken.
(d) Where broken rope safety devices are used, the weight on the hoisting rope shall be relieved to test the unrestricted functioning of the safety devices and their activating mechanisms at the beginning of each shift.
(e) A weekly inspection of all shafts shall be made by a competent person and a report made and kept on file for inspection by the Division.
(f) All wire rope used for hoisting shall be checked once every three months by cutting from the lower end of such wire rope a section not less than five feet in length and having such section examined carefully, both externally and internally for indications of wear, corrosion, fatigue and breaks.
Exception: Permanently affixed end connection such as poured zinc socket may be examined by an acceptable nondestructive test.
(g) When performing nondestructive test of the active length of the rope or rope diameter, measurements shall be made when the following conditions exist:
(1) Wherever wear is evident;
(2) Where the hoist rope rests on sheaves at regular stopping points;
(3) Where the hoist rope leaves the drum at regular stopping points; and
(4) At drum crossover and change-of-layer regions.
(h) In order to ensure suitable operation and safe condition of the functions and safety devices, each hoisting system shall be inspected and load-tested to 100 percent of its rated capacity at the time of installation and the following:
(1) After any repairs or alterations affecting its structural integrity;
(2) After the operation of any safety device; and
(3) Annually.
(i) At the time of completion, the person performing inspections, tests, and maintenance of shafts, hoisting systems, conveyances, hoist ropes and rigging required by this article and other applicable safety orders shall certify in writing that they had been done. The employer shall prepare a certification record which includes the date each inspection and load test was performed; the signature of the person who performed the inspection or test; and a serial number or identifier for the system component that was inspected or tested. The certification record shall be maintained on the job site until the completion of the project.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8502. Shaft Inspection.
s 8505. Minors.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8506. Training.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8507. Deteriorated Explosives.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8508. Explosives for Blasting.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8509. Water Gels.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8510. Explosives for Underground Use.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8511. Electric Detonation of Explosives During Lightning and Dust Storms.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8512. Smoking and Open Flames.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8513. Transferring Explosives.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8514. Storage General Requirements.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8515. Quantity and Distances Table for the Storage of Explosives -Class A.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8516. Quantity and Distance Table for Storage of Explosives -Class B Distances in Feet When Storage Is Unbarricaded.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8517. First-Class Magazines.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8518. Second-Class Magazines.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8519. Storage Within First-Class Magazines.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8520. Makeup or Primer House for Blasting Operations.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8521. Storage of Explosives Underground.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8525. General.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8526. Surface Transportation.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8527. Transportation of Explosives - Underground -General.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8528. Transportation of Explosives -Hoisting or Lowering.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8529. Rail Transportation of Explosives -Underground.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8530. Transportation of Explosives -Underground - Special Trackless Vehicles.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8531. Transportation of Explosives -Manual.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8535. General.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8536. Tamping Poles and Devices.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8537. Loading Explosives -General.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8538. Loading and Blasting Near and Under Power Lines.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8539. Pneumatic Loading of Explosives and Blasting Agents.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8540. Firing of Explosives.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8541. Secondary Blasting.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8542. Misfires.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8543. Coyote Hole Blasting.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8544. Use of Safety Fuse -General.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8545. Safety Fuse Storage.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8546. Making Capped Fuses and Primers.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8547. Blasting with Safety Fuse -Hazards of Blasting with Safety Fuse.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8548. Firing with Electricity -General.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8549. Firing Switches.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8550. Auxiliary Switches.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8551. Permanent and Temporary Leading Wires.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8552. Blasting Procedure with Power and Light Circuits.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8553. Blasting with Batteries, Blasting Devices, and Blasting Machines.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8554. Electric Blasting in Proximity with Radio Transmitters.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8560. Competency of Blasters.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8561. Blaster's License -Qualifications.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8562. Blaster's License -Application and Examination.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8563. Expiration and Renewal.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8564. Custody of Blaster's License.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8565. Blasting Accident Reports and Procedures.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8566. Suspension -Blaster's License.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8567. Labor Code Excerpts.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8568. Blaster's License Fees.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
Appendix A
SAFE PRACTICES AND OPERATIONS CODE
GENERAL
1. All persons shall follow these safe practice rules, render every possible aid to safe operations, and report all unsafe conditions or practices to the proper authority.
2. Foremen shall insist on employees observing and obeying every rule, regulation and order, as is necessary to the safe conduct of the work, and shall resort to disciplinary measures, if necessary, to compel observance.
3. All employees shall be given frequent accident prevention instructions. Instructions shall be given at least once a month.
4. Anyone known to be under the influence of intoxicating liquor shall not be allowed on the job while in that condition.
5. Horseplay, scuffling, and other acts which tend to have an adverse influence on the safety or well being of the employees is prohibited on tunnel projects or related operations.
6. It shall be the duty of employees operating machines to see that all guards and other protective devices are in proper places and that adjustments are made before starting machines.
7. Crowding or pushing when boarding or leaving any cage, car, or other conveyance is prohibited.
8. Work shall be well planned and supervised to forestall injuries in the handling of heavy materials and in working together with tools.
9. Machinery shall not be repaired or oiled while in motion.
10. Workers shall not handle or tamper with any electrical equipment, machinery, air or water lines in a manner not within the scope of their duties unless they have received instructions from their foreman.
11. Report all injuries promptly and obtain first-aid or medical treatment.
12. When lifting heavy objects, use the large muscles of the leg instead of the smaller muscles of the back.
HEADING OPERATIONS
13. Throwing drill steel or other materials up to or down from the platforms of drill carriages (or jumbos) is prohibited.
14. The drill carriage or jumbo shall be kept in an orderly manner and small tools such as wrenches, hammers, etc., must be kept in tool boxes when not in use.
15. Do not blow out drill holes without giving warning to all other workers in the heading.
16. Do not use defective chuck wrenches or other hand tools.
17. Stand in the clear when barring down loose rock; sound roof frequently for possible loose rock; start barring from a safe position under good ground.
18. Before loading holes, run loading stick to bottom of hole to determine if hole is clear; if clear, grip loading stick with hand at collar of hold and hold this grip until primer is run in, to determine if it has bottomed the hole; if it has not, tell the foreman.
19. When loading holes, place one stick of powder and tamp it before adding another stick.
20. Examine every slab or boulder prior to drilling, striking, or breaking and make sure that the operation can be performed without hazard from explosives it may still contain.
21. Do not overload muck cars. If necessary, trim the cars before they leave the heading.
22. Do not walk past a point where car loading is in progress, until the muck car is loaded and mucking machine has stopped. Then pass only where the operator can see you. Keep clear of the muck cars and movement of the trains.
23. If timbers are used drilling operations should not be started until the timbers have been securely wedged.
TRAINS
24. Do not attempt to operate a locomotive without special permission unless that is one of your regular duties.
25. Locomotives shall not be operated from a position on the running board or step or ground.
26. Timber, long drill steel, bulky objects, rails, pipe, or similar long materials shall not be transported on locomotives. Such materials should be transported on one or more flat cars, depending upon length of cars and the materials.
27. Hitching of cars or other equipment to locomotives by ropes or cables is prohibited.
28. Trolley locomotives shall not be operated with the trolley pole in the reverse position except when it is impossible to turn the pole.
29. Trolley poles shall not be turned while the locomotive is in motion.
30. The motorman shall sound a warning when approaching pump stations, sidings, or other places where workers may be expected.
SHAFT OPERATION
31. All persons must keep back from the shaft at all times unless their work requires them to be there.
32. Do not attempt to board any cage, bucket or other conveyance if the maximum number of riders, as specified by the management, is already on.
33. If any employee drops any tools or materials into the shaft, he/she shall report immediately to the hoist engineer, who shall have the shaft inspected before resuming hoisting operations.
MISCELLANEOUS
34. Rock bolts near blasting operations shall be checked at frequent intervals and tightened as necessary.
35. Hoses for delivery of water or air to suspended drill cages should be attached to the cage and should come up through the bottom platform rather than over the side.
36. If telephone communication is used between a suspended drill cage and the hoist operator, the wires should not extend through the overhead drill hole unless the equivalent of conduit protection against wire damage has been provided. Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
Appendix B -Labor Code Excerpts
DIVISION 5. SAFETY IN EMPLOYMENT PART 1. WORKMEN'S SAFETY
Chapter 3. Responsibilities and Duties of Employers and Employees
6401. Every employer shall furnish and use safety devices and safeguards, and shall adopt and use practices, means, methods, operations, and processes which are reasonably adequate to render such employment and place of employment safe. Every employer shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety, and health of employees.
6406. No person shall do any of the following:
(a) Remove, displace, damage, destroy or carry off any safety device, safeguard, notice, or warning, furnished for use in any employment or place of employment.
(b) Interfere in any way with the use thereof by any other person.
(c) Interfere with the use of any method or process adopted for the protection of any employee, including himself, in such employment, or place of employment.
(d) Fail or neglect to do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life and safety of employees.
PART 9. TUNNEL AND MINE SAFETY
Chapter 1. Tunnels and Mines
7950. This part shall be known and may be cited as "The Tom Carrell Memorial Tunnel and Mine Safety Act of 1972."
7951. As used in this part:
(a) Tunnel shall include excavation, construction, alteration, repairing, renovating, or demolishing of any tunnel except tunnel work covered under the compressed air safety orders adopted by the Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board and manhole construction.
(b) "Tunnel" means an underground passageway, excavated by men and equipment working below the earth's surface, that provides a subterranean route along which men, equipment, or substances can move.
(c) "Mine" means any excavation or opening above or below ground used for removal of ore, minerals, gravel, sand, rock, or other materials intended for manufacturing or sale. It shall include quarries and open pit operations, other than a gravel pit or other pit where material is removed by a contractor or other person for his own use and not for sale to others. The term "mine" shall not include a mine that is operated exclusively by persons having a proprietary interest in such mine or by persons who are paid only a share of the profits from the mine, nor shall it include during any calendar year, any mine that produced less than five thousand dollars ($5,000) in ore, minerals, sand, rock, or other material during the preceding calendar year.
(d) "Access shaft" means a vertical shaft used as a regular means of worker access to underground mines and tunnels under construction, renovation, or demolition.
(e) "Lower explosive limit" means the lowest concentration at which a gas or vapor can be ignited or will explode.
(f) "Face" means the head of the tunnel where soil is being removed, or that area in a mine where digging is underway.
(g) "Muck" means excavated dirt, rock, or other material.
(h) "Permissible equipment" means equipment tested and approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines or acceptable to other authorities recognized by the division, and acceptable by the division, which is safe for use in gassy or extrahazardous tunnels or underground mines.
(i) "Division" means the Division of Occupational Safety and Health.
(j) "Board" means the Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board.
(k) "Underground mine" means a mine that consists of a subterranean excavation.
7952. There shall be within the division a separate unit of safety engineers trained to inspect all tunnel construction and mine operations.
7953. Sufficient manpower shall be maintained to provide for four annual inspections of underground mines, one inspection of surface mines or quarries annually, and six inspections of tunnels under construction annually.
7954. To assist the unit of safety engineers in determining the safety of tunnel construction and mine operation, the division shall make available at least one industrial hygiene engineer and one chemist. A laboratory for analysis of dust, gas, vapors, soil, or other materials shall be available to members of this unit. Contracts to provide for geological and other services may be signed by the division whenever it is necessary to assure safety for employees engaged in mining or tunnel work.
7955. The division and the owner of a mine, if he is not the operator of the mine, shall be notified before any initial mining operation or construction may be started at any mines or tunnels. A prejob safety conference shall be held with an authorized representative of the division for all underground operations. Representatives of the tunnel or mine owner, the employer, and employees shall be included in the prejob safety conference.
The division shall classify all tunnels or underground mines operating on the effective date of this section, or which commence operation thereafter, as one of the classifications set forth in subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive. Such classification shall be made prior to the request for bids on all public works projects, whenever possible. This shall not, however, prevent the division from reclassifying such mines or tunnels when conditions warrant it.
(a) Nongassy, which classification shall be applied to tunnels or underground mines where there is little likelihood of encountering gas during the construction of the tunnel or operation of an underground mine. Such tunnels shall be constructed or underground mines operated under regulations, rules, and orders developed by the division and board and approved by the board. This subdivision shall not prohibit the division chief or his representatives from establishing any special orders that they feel are necessary for safety.
(b) Potentially gassy, which classification shall be applied to tunnels or underground mines where there exists a possibility gas will be encountered.
(c) Gassy, which classification shall be applied to tunnels or underground mines where it is likely gas will be encountered. Special safety measures, including those set forth in Sections 7965 to 7976, inclusive, those established by the division and board and adopted by the board, or special orders written by the chief or his representatives shall be observed in construction of gassy tunnels in addition to regular rules, orders, special orders, or regulations.
(d) Extrahazardous, which classification may, when the division finds that there is a serious danger to the safety of the employees, be applied to tunnels or underground mines where gas or vapors have caused an explosion or fire, where the likelihood of encountering petroleum vapors exists, or where tests show, with normal ventilation, a concentration of hydrocarbon petroleum vapors in excess of 20 percent of the lower explosive limit within three inches of the roof, face, floor, or walls of any open workings. Construction in extrahazardous tunnels or operation in extrahazardous underground mines shall conform to safety measures set forth in Sections 7977 to 7985, inclusive, any rules, regulations, orders, or special orders of the division, or any special rules, orders, or regulations adopted by the board.
The division shall not be required to reclassify any tunnel or underground mine that is shut down seasonally, when such tunnel or underground mine is put back into operation in not less than six months after date of the shutdown.
7956. All personnel, including both employees working above ground and those in the tunnel or underground mine, shall be informed of the classification designated by the division for that job. A notice of the classification and any special orders, rules, or regulations to be used in construction, remodeling, demolition, or operation of the tunnel or underground mine shall be prominently posted at the site.
7957. An emergency rescue plan shall be developed by the employer for every tunnel or underground mine. Such plan, including a current map of the tunnel or underground mine, shall be provided to local fire and rescue units, to the division, and to every employee at the place of employment.
7958. A trained rescue crew of at least five men shall be provided at underground mines with more than 25 men or tunnels with 10 or more men underground at any one time. Smaller mines shall have one man for each 10 men underground who receives annual training in the use of breathing apparatus. Two trained crews shall be provided at mines with more than 50 men underground and at tunnels with more than 25 men underground.
7959. Rescue crews shall be familiar with all emergency equipment necessary to effect a rescue or search for missing employees in case of an accident or explosion. Such rescue crews shall hold practices with equipment and using emergency rescue plan procedures at least once monthly during construction or operation of the tunnel or underground mines. At least one rescue crew shall be maintained above ground at all times and within 30 minutes travel of the tunnel or underground mine site classified as gassy or extrahazardous.
7960. In any tunnel or underground mine classified as potentially gassy, tests for gas or vapors shall be made prior to start of work at each shift. If any concentration of gas at or above 10 percent of the lower explosive limit is recorded, the division shall be notified immediately.
7961. The division shall investigate immediately any notification of a gas reading 10 percent of the lower explosive limit or higher by an employer in a tunnel or underground mine classified as potentially gassy. If the inspection determines the likelihood of encountering more gas or vapor, the division may halt operations until the tunnel or mine can be reclassified.
7962. A safety representative qualified to recognize hazardous conditions and certified by the division shall be designated by the employer in any tunnel or underground mine. He shall have the authority to correct unsafe conditions and unsafe practices, and shall be responsible for directing the required safety programs.
7963. All underground mines and tunnels with more than five men underground at one time shall have telephone or other communication systems to the surface in operation at any time there are persons underground. Such systems shall be installed in such a manner that destruction or removal of one phone or communication device does not make other phones or communication devices inoperative.
7964. Whenever an access shaft is used as the normal means of entrance or exit to an underground mine or tunnel, it shall be constructed of fireproof material or fireproofed by chemical or other means.
7964.5. Nothing contained in this part shall restrict the division in contracting with the Secretary of the Interior for an approved state plan for mines under P.L. 89-577 (30 U.S.C. 721 et seq.).
Chapter 2. Gassy and Extrahazardous Tunnels
7965. Any tunnel or underground mine classified by the division as gassy shall operate under special procedures adopted by the board, as well as rules, regulations, special orders, or general orders for nongassy underground mines and tunnels.
7966. In any tunnel classified as gassy by the division, there shall be tests for gas or vapors taken prior to each shift and at least hourly during actual operation. If a mechanical excavator is used, gas tests shall be made prior to removal of muck or material and before any cutting or drilling in tunnels or underground mines where explosives are used. A log shall be maintained for inspection by the division showing results of each test. Whenever a tunnel excavation or underground mine operation approaches a geologic formation in which there is a likelihood of encountering gas or water, a probe hole at least 20 feet ahead of the tunnel face or area where material is being mined shall be maintained.
7967. Whenever gas levels in excess of 10 percent of the lower explosive limit are encountered initially in a tunnel or underground mine classified as gassy, the division shall be notified immediately by telephone or telegraph. The chief of the division or his authorized representative may waive subsequent notification for gas readings less than 20 percent of the lower explosive limits upon a finding that adequate ventilation and other safety measures are provided to assure employee safety.
7968. In any gassy tunnel or underground mine, the division may order work halted until adequate testing can be completed to determine the level of hazard from gases or vapors. A notice of such shutdown shall be filed by the division inspector with his superiors as soon as practicable. Any overruling of such order must be made by the chief or his designated representative and must be in writing. An onsite inspection must be made by the person overruling an inspector's order prior to resumption of work.
7969. In any gassy tunnel or underground mine the division shall review plans for electrical lighting and power for equipment. When it is necessary for safety, the inspector may require changes in the amount and type of lighting, and may require permissive-type wiring, switches, tools, and equipment.
7970. In any tunnel or underground mine classified gassy, smoking shall be prohibited and the employer shall beresponsible for collecting all personal sources of ignition such as lighters and matches from employees entering the tunnel. (continued)