CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
(g) Welding, cutting, and other hot work shall be conducted in accordance with Title 8, Article 4 and Article 32 of the Construction Safety Orders. Where welding, cutting and other hot work operations are employed, and when such operations may cause fires, suitable shields shall be provided to isolate flammable materials. Appropriate fire extinguishers shall be provided and maintained. Thorough inspections for fire hazards shall be made immediately after welding, cutting and other hot work is completed and a fire watch maintained at the location for at least one hour.
(h) No petroleum based product shall be taken underground for illuminating or heating purposes.
(i) The use of volatile solvents (below 100 degrees F. flash point) such as gasoline underground are prohibited.
(j) No more than the amount of acetylene and oxygen cylinders necessary to perform welding, cutting or other hot work during any 24-hour period shall be permitted underground.
(k) Noncombustible barriers shall be installed below welding, cutting, or other hot work being done over a shaft or deep excavation associated with a tunnel.
(l) All oily waste or rags used underground shall be stored in metal receptacles with secure covers. The contents of the receptacles shall be sent to the surface every week or when the receptacle is full.
(m) Waste materials for which no underground storage facilities are provided shall be promptly removed from the tunnel. Leaks and spills of flammable or combustible fluids shall be cleaned up immediately.
(n) Fire resistant hydraulic fluids shall be used in hydraulically-actuated underground machinery and equipment unless such equipment is protected by a fire suppression system or by a multi-purpose fire extinguisher(s) rated at a sufficient capacity for the type and size of hydraulic equipment involved, and rated at least 4A:40B:C.
(o) A fire extinguisher of at least 4A:40B:C rating or other equivalent extinguishing means shall be provided at the head pulley and at the tail pulley of underground belt conveyors and at 300 foot intervals along the belt line.
(p) Fires which may cause serious injury to employees or threatening occupied tunnel workings shall be reported to the Division within 24 hours.
(q) Suitable fire extinguishers or other fire protection equipment shall be provided at appropriate locations. Such equipment shall be inspected monthly and maintained in operating condition.
(r) Straw, hay or similar material shall not be taken underground.
(s) Excelsior when used underground shall be made fire resistant and shall not be used in any place where welding or cutting is anticipated.
(t) Readily visible sign prohibiting smoking and open flames shall be posted in areas having fire or explosive hazards.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8446. Flammable Material.

s 8449. General Requirements.
(a) Drilling
(1) A competent person shall inspect all drilling and associated equipment prior to use. Equipment defects affecting safety shall be corrected before the equipment is used.
(2) The drill area shall be inspected for hazards before the drilling operation is started.

(3) Employees shall not be allowed on a drill mast while the drill bit is in operation or the drill machine is being moved.
(4) Drills on columns shall be anchored firmly before starting drilling, and shall be retightened as necessary thereafter.
(5) Scaling bars shall be available at all underground drill sites.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8450. Use of Jumbos in Tunneling Operations.
(a) Guardrails. Jumbo work platforms 7 feet 6 inches high and higher shall be equipped with standard guardrails in accordance with Sections 1620 and 1621(a) of the Construction Safety Orders.
Exception:
(1) Ends or sides at which work is in process or where the open space between a platform edge and the tunnel wall is less than 16 inches.

(2) Where tunnel dimensions do not provide ample clearance lower guardrails may be used.
(b) Toeboards. Toeboards shall be provided around jumbo platforms in accordance with Section 1621(b) of the Construction Safety Orders to prevent tools or other equipment from falling off.
(c) Housekeeping. No tools, material, equipment, or other unattached objects shall remain on any platform while jumbo is being moved if any part of such object protrudes beyond width of jumbo.
(d) Access. Suitable access ladders or stairways with railings shall be provided on all jumbos. Platforms, ladder rungs, and stair treads on jumbos shall be made of nonslip grating or similar material to prevent falls caused by slick surfaces.
(e) Falling Rock. Overhead protection against falling rock and other objects shall be provided at all jumbo working areas by means of crown bars, solid platforms or other equivalent protection.
(f) Storage Racks. Where drill steel is kept on jumbo platforms, suitable receptacles such as boxes, racks, grooves or equivalent shall be provided for temporary storage.
(g) Handling Steel. When drill steel is hoisted, double slings and tag line or an equivalent method shall be used.
(h) Collaring Holes. Before starting to collar holes, a flashing light or visual warning shall be given to employees working below.
(i) Electrical. Where electric detonators are used, all electrical circuits to the jumbo shall be disconnected and the live ends removed to a minimum distance of 100 feet from the jumbo before explosives are brought up to the heading or bench.
(j) Only employees assisting the operator shall be allowed to ride on jumbos, unless the jumbo meets the requirements of Section 8493(a)(1) of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(k) Jumbos shall be chocked to prevent movement while employees are working on them.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8455. Safety Instruction.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8456. Fire Control.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8457. Excessive Heat.
(a) Where hydraulic lines are subject to contact at temperatures above 160 degrees F, insulation or guarding shall be provided.
(b) Control methods shall be used to remove excessive heat when encountered to assure reasonable working conditions.
(c) Hydraulic lines shall be located or shielded so that employees will not be exposed to the hazard of being sprayed with hot and/or pressurized hydraulic oil.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8458. Dust Control.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8459. Mechanical Hazards.
(a) An audible and visual warning shall be given before starting excavating or conveyor machinery.
( b) A thorough examination of the heading shall be made before starting excavation equipment to insure that all employees are in a safe location.
(c) Excavating machines shall be equipped with a deadman control.
(d) Power transmission equipment, hazardous moving parts, and conveyors shall be guarded as required by Title 8, Group 6 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(e) Cleaning, repairing, and servicing of machinery, equipment and prime movers shall be in accordance with Section 3314 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(f) Emergency stop switches within reach of the operator shall be provided for emergency shutdown of all underground conveyors. Unguarded conveyors with access shall be equipped with emergency stop devices or cords along their full length.
(g) An automatic device to prevent inclined conveyors from rolling backward shall be provided.
(h) Guarding shall be provided where workers are exposed to shear hazards from erector arms and other moving equipment.
(i) Erector arms shall be operated with a power up and power down system and shall have provisions for locking devices or safety pins.

(j) Tunnel support systems shall have adequate strength to resist the thrust of hydraulic jacks.
(k) Safety cables shall be provided on jacking shoes located above the spring line.
(l) Where wire rope is used to tow tunnel machines, trailing gear and other similar equipment, all components used shall provide a safety factor of at least 2.5 to 1 and be equipped with means to prevent whipping in case the wire rope or connection fails.
(m) Employees shall not be permitted between the tunneling machine and any associated trailing equipment during the towing cycle.
(n) An audible alarm shall be provided that distinctly warns employees of the movement of tunneling machines and trailing gear such as during the regripping and towing cycles.
(o) Employees shall not be permitted on the deck area of a training gear system where they may be exposed to being injured by railed equipment unless physical safeguards are provided for their protection.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8460. Electrical Equipment and Lighting.
(a) Automatic emergency lighting shall be provided in the heading area.
(b) Electric equipment and wiring shall meet standards equivalent to the requirements of Title 8, Electrical Safety Orders.
(c) Electric cords and cables shall be located to minimize mechanical damage.
(d) Insulated gloves or tongs shall be used to handle energized trailing electric power cables. If insulated gloves are used they shall be tested every 30 days for leakage.
(e) Electrical installations shall be used only for lighting fixtures in underground areas where oil, grease or diesel fuel are stored.
(f) Lighting fixtures in storage areas, or within 25 feet of underground areas where oil, grease, or diesel fuels are stored, shall be approved for Class I, Division 2 locations.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8461. Rock Crushers.
(a) Every rock crusher where an employee is required or permitted to be at or near an unguarded feed opening shall be provided with adequate means whereby the power can be quickly disconnected in case of emergency. Such means of disconnecting the power shall be located at the crusher feed opening.
(1) A safe place shall be provided for employees at a crusher while cars or haulage vehicles are being unloaded.

(2) Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent materials from being dumped into the crusher or crusher feeder while employees are working therein.
(3) Employees working at a crusher shall be protected from falling into the crusher by one of the following means:
(A) By adequately guarding the crusher mouth.
(B) Use of working platform located in such position that hung-up material in the crusher can be safely dislodged from the platform. The platform shall have a standard railing.
(C) When it is not practical to guard the crusher mouth, a safety belt and life line shall be worn by employees working over the feed opening of an operating crusher. This life line shall be tied sufficiently short to prevent the wearer from getting into the crusher.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8462. Entering Bins or Bunkers.
Safety precautions in accordance with Section 3482(a) of the General Industry Safety Orders shall be taken where employees work in or around bins or bunkers.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8470. Internal Combustion Engines.
(a) The use of fuel-burning or internal combustion engines for either mobile and/or stationary equipment underground is prohibited, except for diesel engines when and where permitted in writing by the Division and under conditions specified for each project as prescribed throughout this section and/or in accordance with the provisions of 30 CFR, Part 32, pages 229-241, revised as of July 1, 1993, which is hereby incorporated by reference and made a part hereof.
(b) Application for such a permit shall be made in duplicate to the Division. The application shall include detailed information regarding the proposed use, and the following:
(1) Complete details and specifications of the exhaust conditioning devices and diesel engine(s) including displacement, the rpm where maximum horsepower is produced and the rated brake horsepower.
(2) Location of tunnel and details of operation in which it is proposed to use the diesel equipment.
(3) Length, cross section, and layout of the tunnel.
(4) Maximum number and brake horsepower of diesels to be operated in any air course.
(5) Ventilation plan including direction of air flow, fan capacity, duct sizes, and auxiliary ventilation.
(6) Date when the proposed diesel use is to begin and dates and locations where a representative of the Division may make tests of the diesel's exhaust gases.

(7) Maximum number of employees working underground at any given time during diesel usage.
(8) The application shall also list the provisions in which the requirements of this Section will be met:
(c) The velocity of fresh air flowing through the area where diesels are operating shall be a minimum of 60 lineal feet per minute and shall amount to at least 100 cubic feet per minute per diesel brake horsepower plus 200 cubic feet per minute per person underground.
(d) Testing devices for nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide shall be provided and used in the tunnel at least once each shift at the peak of diesel operation and a written record kept of readings. Tests shall be conducted by a Certified Gas tester.
Note: 1: Nitrogen Dioxide is the most harmful of the gases discharged by diesel equipment. If it is held within the specified limits by proper air to fuel ratio in combustion along with adequate ventilation, the pollutants, (i.e. Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2), Carbon (C) or smoke, Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2)), produced in the diesel exhaust emission resulting from diesel operations will normally be well below harmful levels.
Note: 2: Carbon Monoxide: Whenever twenty parts per million (0.002 percent) of carbon monoxide has been measured in the general tunnel atmosphere under average working conditions, corrective action should be initiated immediately to lower this level.
(e) The maximum allowable amount of exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide shall not exceed the following limits throughout the general tunnel atmosphere under average working conditions:
(1) Nitrogen Dioxide. Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide shall not exceed the PEL of 5 ppm (9 mg/M 3) as prescribed in the requirements of 30 CFR, July 1, 1993, Subpart D, Section 57.5001, page 409, of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(f) The exhaust from the diesel engine shall be passed through an acceptable scrubber or exhaust purifying device that is at least as effective as a well-designed water-bath scrubber in reducing hazard and discomfort to workers.
(g) The diesel engine and scrubber shall be maintained in good mechanical condition and proper working order. Scrubbers shall have inspection openings so that the internal condition and/or water level can be determined.
(h) The exhaust from the diesel engine shall not be directed towards the diesel operator.
(i) The diesel fuel used shall not contain over .35 percent sulphur, by weight.
(j) The diesel fuel supply shall not be stored or taken into the tunnel in amounts greater than required for eight hours of operation.
(k) The piping of diesel fuel from the surface to an underground location is permitted under the following conditions:
(1) The surface tank is connected to the underground fueling station by an acceptable pipe or hose system that is controlled at the surface by a valve and at the bottom by an additional valve and hose nozzle.
(2) The pipe or hose is empty at all times except when transferring diesel fuel from the surface tank to a piece of equipment in use underground.
(3) Hoisting operations in the shaft are suspended during refueling operations if the supply piping or the hose in the shaft is not protected from damage.
(l) Application processing time for the Permit
(1) Within 15 business days of receipt of an application meeting all of the requirements of this section and the fee for a Permit to Operate Diesel Engines Underground, the Division shall issue the permit or inform the applicant in writing, if the application is deficient, describing what specific information and documentation is required to complete the application.
(2) Within 10 business days of receipt of the resubmittal of the complete and accurate permit application complying with the provisions of this section, the Division shall issue a permit.
(3) The Division's median, minimum and maximum times for processing a permit from the receipt of the initial application to the final permit decision, based on the Division's actual performance during the two years immediately preceding the proposal of this regulation have been as follows:

Median time 21 days
Minimum time 15 days
Maximum time 90 days

(m) The diesel permit shall be conspicuously posted at the jobsite.
Note: Permit requirements of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health are contained in Article 2, Subchapter 2, Chapter 3.2, Title 8, CCR.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8471. Locomotives.
(a) All haulage locomotives shall be equipped with an audible signal or warning bell, horn or whistle, which shall be maintained in a workable condition.
(b) Locomotives and other powered rail-mounted equipment shall be provided with a throttle or control which returns the engine to idle or shuts off the power automatically whenever it is released.
(c) Electric locomotives must be equipped with some type of constant pressure control that shuts off the power automatically and applies the brakes when released if the operator leaves his/her post or compartment.
(d) Operators of locomotives hauling occupied mantrips or loaded explosive cars shall have at least one year of experience in operating locomotives underground.
(e) Tops of locomotives shall have raised edges or equivalent at their sides to prevent tools from rolling or falling off or protruding over the sides.
(f) Locomotives shall be equipped with steps or footboards. Steps and footboards shall be made of nonslip material and handholds shall be provided. No person shall ride on any part of locomotives not so equipped.
(g) Exposed or unguarded trolley wires shall not be used in supplying power to underground equipment at tunnel construction projects except where the project is an alteration or repair of an existing tunnel already equipped with such wires or one to be permanently so equipped.
(1) Whenever rails serve as a return for a trolley circuit, both rails shall be bonded at every joint and crossbonded every 200 feet (60.96 m).
(h) All locomotives and powered rail-mounted equipment shall be provided with a fail-safe secondary braking system which is not dependent on any external source of power or pressure to maintain the braking action. This brake shall be set at any time the operator is not at the controls.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8472. Lights on Trains.
(a) All locomotives and other self-powered rail transportation equipment shall be equipped with lights capable of illuminating the track in the direction of travel.
(b) Ends of trains shall be equipped with lights or reflectors.
(c) Concrete cars shall be equipped with flashing or rotating amber lights which are visible from the front and rear.
(d) All locomotives shall be provided with a flashing or rotating blue light which shall be visible from the front and rear.
Exception: The above requirements for lighting equipment do not apply where they are in conflict with the operation of Gassy or Extrahazardous tunnels.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8473. Transportation of Workers.
(a) The regular transportation of tunnel crews shall be in trains made up for that purpose only and they shall be operated at a safe speed. Where switching facilities are available, the man-cars shall be pulled, not pushed, by the locomotive.
(b) Cars containing explosives or detonators shall not be included in the regular, worker transportation train.
(c) Workers shall not ride in or on cars loaded with items such as timbers, rib-steel, rail, pipe, muck or other similar material.
(d) Only the train crew, shall be permitted to ride in muck cars. Rocker-type muck cars shall have positive locks to prevent accidental dumping.
(e) Workers shall not be permitted to get on or off cars while the train is in motion.
(f) Man-cars used to transport workers shall be equipped with seats, railed sides, over-head protection, non-skid floors and entrance gates at the sides of the car.
(g) Only the regular train crews, shall be permitted to ride on the front end of a locomotive or train.
(h) No person shall be allowed to ride between the cars of a train or anyplace on the train where steps or footboards with secure handholds or seating are not provided.
(i) On man-cars and powder cars, safety chains shall be used in addition to the couplers.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8474. Trains.
(a) All muck cars shall be equipped with automatic coupling devices.
Exception: Small muck cars.
(b) Couplings shall not be shifted or lined up on moving cars or locomotives. If couplings are not in line, the car or locomotive shall be stopped before they are shifted.
(c) The powder car shall be pulled, not pushed, except when switching or traveling on a dead-ended portion of the line beyond the last suitable switch, and only the motorman and the brakeman shall be on the train.
(d) Where switching of cars is being performed, a brakeman shall be provided, in addition to the motorman, to assist in the switching.
(e) When railed equipment is left standing on a track, a positive means shall be provided and used to prevent accidental movement of such equipment. Safety chains shall be used to connect cars when grades exceed one percent. Such safety chains or other connections shall be capable of maintaining connection between cars in the event of either coupler disconnect, failure or breakage.
(f) Safe speed limits for rail traffic shall be determined as the job conditions warrant and be prominently posted. Trains shall not travel faster than 12 miles per hour unless equipped with adequate air brakes in addition to those required on the locomotive to safely stop the fully loaded train on the maximum grade on which it is operated.
(g) An understandable uniform signaling means shall be developed and used for signaling the movement of trains.
(h) Long pieces of material, such as pipe, rails, etc., shall be secured against shifting or protruding over the edges while being transported by trains.
(i) During shift changes the movement of rock or material trains shall be limited to areas where trains will not present a hazard to persons coming on or going off shift.
(j) Positive means shall be provided to warn and protect the train crew from shear and crushing hazards created by unavoidable site conditions such as the lack of safe clearance and limited headroom present as trains enter or exit trailing decks and rotary dumps or pass under gantry decks.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8475. Limited Visibility Precautions.
(a) While a mucker, jumbo or other equipment which seriously interferes with the motorman's vision is being pushed into the tunnel a person with a whistle or other signaling device shall be stationed in a safe position on the equipment to watch for workers in danger of being struck or other hazards.
(b) When workers are exposed to the hazard of being struck by a train or a collision hazard exists due to limited visibility as when pushing a train, a brakeman and/or signal person(s) shall be used to observe the movement of the train. Where a brakeman is used, he/she shall be located at a safe location near the end of the train with a means of communicating with the operator. Where signal person(s) are used, such person(s) shall be placed strategically in a safe location with means to communicate with the train operator.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8476. Tracks.
(a) Surface and tunnel tracks shall be installed and maintained in good condition, reasonably level and free of dips, bumps, and obstructions, commensurate with the safe passage of trains at operating speeds.
(b) Track joints and fish plates shall be installed directly over ties or other suitable support.
(c) Derailers or other equivalent stopping devices shall be provided and installed at locations where disconnected equipment can roll if unattended.
(d) Appropriate equipment, such as jacks or rerailers, shall be provided and used to retrack equipment that is derailed.
(e) Adequate drainage or pumping shall be provided to maintain the top of the rails above water.
Exception: Where the top of the rails cannot be maintained above water due to excessive water conditions, appropriate risk control measures shall be implemented.
(f) In the event oil, ice, water or other conditions render the tracks slippery, sand or other effective means shall be used to treat the affected areas to provide for adequate traction.
(g) Bumper blocks or equivalent stopping devices shall be provided at all dead ends.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8477. Block Signals.
If there are curves in a tunnel where more than one train or locomotive operates, block signals for each curve shall be installed and used. These signals may be manually operated from each approach to the curve or turn if arranged so as to give effective notice that a train is on the curve.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8478. Portable Switch.
California type portable switches shall be planked between rails or other effective means shall be utilized to prevent workers from falling or tripping in openings.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8479. Car Passers and Cherry Pickers.
(a) Where car passers of any type are used, a colored light operated by a worker at the car passer shall be used to signal the motorman.
(b) A reverse grade away from the main track, or a positive stop or lock shall be provided on the car passer track to avoid the unexpected rolling of the car.
(c) Cherry pickers shall be equipped with automatic locking devices that will prevent muck cars from falling when in the raised position.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8480. Surface and Underground Dumping Locations.
(a) A berm, bumper block, safety hook or similar means, shall be provided to prevent overtravel and overturning of haulage equipment at dumping locations.
(b) Dump track areas shall be maintained reasonably level and properly ballasted or the ties planked over to prevent employees from tripping.
(c) Standard walkways with railings in accordance with Section 1620 of the Construction Safety Orders shall be provided on elevated trestles and at all dump locations.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8481. Switches.
Frogs, guard rails and lead rails of switches shall be so filled as to eliminate the danger of a foot being caught.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8482. Places of Refuge.
(a) In all areas of tunnels where mechanical rail haulage is employed and the lack of clearance becomes a hazard to foot traffic, places of refuge affording a clearance of at least 2 feet between the widest portion of the car or train shall be provided at intervals of not more than 200 feet and at all permanent work stations.
(b) Every place of refuge shall be kept free of debris and readily accessible.
(c) Every place of refuge shall be made readily visible by contrasting lights or other effective means.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8483. Haulage and Earthmoving Equipment.
(a) Haulage and earthmoving equipment shall comply with CCR, Title 8, Article 10 of the Construction Safety Orders and the following:
(1) No employee shall ride haulage and/or earthmoving equipment unless it is equipped with seating for each passenger and protects passengers from being struck, crushed, or caught between other equipment or surfaces.
(2) Powered mobile haulage equipment and service vehicles shall be equipped with headlights and taillights in good condition. Such equipment shall be equipped with back-up lights which shall be used when the vehicle is operated in reverse.
(3) Where the backward movement of mobile equipment would constitute a hazard to employees working in the area on foot and where the operator's vision is obstructed to the rear, such equipment shall be equipped with an effective warning device or method to safeguard employees such as:
(A) An automatic back-up audible alarm which would normally be audible from a distance of 200 feet and will sound immediately on backing, or
(B) An automatic braking device at the rear of the vehicle that will apply the service brake immediately on contact with any obstruction to the rear, or
(C) In lieu of A or B above, administrative controls shall be established such as:
1. A spotter or flagger in clear view of the operator who shall direct the backing operation, or

2. Other procedures which will require the operator to dismount and circle the vehicle immediately prior to starting a back-up operation, or
3. Prohibiting all foot traffic in the work area, by providing an effective communications system along with barricades.
(D) Other means shall be provided that will furnish safety equivalent to the foregoing for personnel working in the area.
(4) A safe means of access shall be provided and maintained from the ground to the driver's location.
(5) The driver's seat shall be maintained in good condition.
(6) In tunnels where the overhead and side clearance is limited and the rollover protective structure itself may strike and dislodge ground support members and no rollover hazard exists, the Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) shall only be removed under conditions established in writing by the Division.
(7) Where hazards of falling objects exist underground, all mobile equipment used shall be provided with overhead protection for the operator and other affected employees.
(8) When it is necessary to elevate employees using an industrial truck, requirements of Section 3657 of the General Industry Safety Orders shall be applied.
(b) Vehicles which are utilized on jobsites exclusively and are, therefore, excluded from the provision of applicable traffic and vehicular code shall be equipped and operated in accordance with CCR, Title 8, Article 11 of the Construction Safety Orders.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8484. Haulageways and Private Roads.
(a) All haulageways and private roads shall be in compliance with the California Code of Regulations, Section 1590 of the Construction Safety Orders.
(b) Haulageways and roads shall be maintained free from holes, deep ruts, dust, and excessive water.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8490. Walkways.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8491. Raises.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8492. Entering Bins or Bunkers.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8493. General.
(a) Shafts and Inclines.
(1) At the tops of all shafts and inclines, barriers shall be installed which are a minimum of 42 inches high and designed to withstand reasonably expected loads, such as a person with a tool or parts carrier, utility lines and a suspended load with a person tending a tag line.
(2) Barriers shall be a minimum of 6 feet high and designed to withstand reasonably expected loads where the depth of the shaft exceeds 100 feet.
Exception: A small designated section of the barrier, where the toplander observes and/or signals to the crane operator, shall be a minimum of 42 inches high.
(3) The ground adjacent to the top of all shafts shall be sloped away from the shaft collar to prevent the entry of liquids and provided with effective barriers to prevent mobile or rail-mounted equipment from falling into the shaft.
(4) At all intermediate shaft stations 6-foot high barriers shall be installed.
(5) Gates in the barriers shall be kept in place except when necessarily removed for loading operations.
(6) Where there is a hazard of material falling into the shaft, the cage and skip compartments shall be screened or timbered off from other shaft compartments. This divider shall extend high enough upon the head frame to confine in the skip compartment any muck that might become dislodged during the dumping of the skip.

(7) If a shaft is not provided with a separate, enclosed compartment for the handling of materials, a warning signal appropriate for the conditions shall be provided to warn employees at the bottom of the shaft and all intermediate stations whenever a load is being hoisted over, or through the shaft. The area around the bottom of the shaft station shall be barricaded or posted with appropriate notices or warnings.
(8) All stations and skip pockets shall have sufficient passageway so that crossing through the hoisting compartment of shafts is unnecessary.
(9) All sumps must be covered or protected with standard guard rail.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8494. Ladders and Ladderways in Shafts and Inclines.
(a) General.
(1) Two safe means of access and egress shall be provided for all shafts and inclines. If a ladderway is used as one of the means of access, it may terminate above the shaft bottom provided chain, wire, rope or wooden extension ladders extend the remaining distance.
Note: Ramps for inclinations of 0 degrees to 20 degrees Stairways for inclinations of 20 degrees to 45 degrees Ladders for inclinations of 35 degrees to 90 degrees.
(2) No shaft or incline used for hoisting shall have the center line of the ladder width closer than 36 inches from any part of the moving skip, cage or bucket. Unless the ladderway is in a separate, closed compartment, it shall be used only in emergency or occasional service.
(3) All ladders shall be of such design, material and construction that they will safely support all normal loads imposed upon them.
(4) Every ladderway more than 30 feet in length shall have an enclosed manway with platforms at intervals not exceeding 20 feet or a ladder cage. In all vertical shafts and where practicable in incline shafts (more than 60 degrees), the sections of the ladders shall be staggered at each platform so that no section shall be directly in line with the section above or below it.
(5) All outside edges of platforms shall be protected by standard guard railings.
(6) Ladders shall project at least 3 feet 6 inches above every platform and the collar of the shaft, unless convenient and secure hand holds are fixed at such places.
(7) All ladders shall be securely fastened.
(8) Under no circumstances shall any ladder be installed inclining backward from the vertical.
(9) Ladderways and platforms shall be kept clear of loose rock and obstructions.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8495. Hoisting Equipment and Systems.
(a) General Requirements.
(1) When a shaft is used as a means of egress, the employer shall make advance arrangements for power-assisted hoisting capability to be readily available in an emergency, unless the regular hoisting means can continue to function in the event of an electrical power failure at the jobsite. Such hoisting means shall be designed so that the load hoist drum is powered in both directions of rotation and so that the brake is automatically applied upon power release or failure.
(2) Material hoists shall conform to applicable sections of this article and the requirements of Section 1605.14 of the Construction Safety Orders relative to mine-type hoisting machines.
(3) There shall be two safe means of access in shafts at all times. This may include a ladder and acceptable hoisting system.
(4) Where any shaft conveyance may swing, bump, or snag against the shaft sides or other structural protrusions, the conveyance shall be guided by fenders, rails, ropes, or equivalent means.
(5) Cranes used for hoisting shall comply with the applicable sections of this article and the requirements of Group 13 of the General Industry Safety Orders; and shall be proof load tested in accordance with Section 5021 prior to being placed into service and at least annually thereafter.
(6) Cranes shall be of such design that the load is powered up and down, and so arranged that the load stops or creeps slowly if the motor stops. A system shall be used to prevent the drum from being accidentally disengaged from the mechanical drive (freewheeling) while in use at a shaft.
(7) Crane and hoist drum control levers shall be of a type that return automatically to the "stop" position when the operator's hand is removed.
Note: Cranes may have a drum throttle control that automatically stops or slows the engine to idling speed when the throttle is released.
(8) All cranes used for hoisting shall be provided with a limit switch to prevent a two-block condition.
(9) Limit switches are to be used only to limit travel of loads when operational controls malfunction, and shall not be used as a substitute for other operational controls.
(10) The maximum rate of speed at which material and personnel can be hoisted shall be determined by a qualified person, posted at the hoist controls and shall not be exceeded.
(A) When a hoist is used for both personnel hoisting and material hoisting, load and speed ratings for personnel and for material shall be assigned to the equipment.
(11) A non-combustible hoist house shall be constructed and wherever possible, provide a clear and unobstructed view of the shaft collar. Physical protection shall be provided for the hoistman, hoist drum(s), braking system and drive motors.
(12) Whenever glazing is used in a hoist house, it shall be safety glass, or its equivalent, and be free of distortions and obstruction.
(13) All hoists shall be equipped with landing level indicators at the operator's station. Marking of the hoist rope and belt-driven indicators shall not satisfy this requirement.
(14) Hoisting ropes used on cranes shall be accurately marked or equivalent steps taken to indicate when the load has reached certain important positions including top and bottom landings.
(15) Hoist controls shall be clearly labeled and arranged so that the operator can perform all operating cycle functions and reach the emergency cutoff without having to reach beyond the operator's normal operating position.

(16) The hoist shall be of such design that the load is powered up and down. There shall be no friction gearing or clutch mechanism by which the motor or other power source can be disconnected from the hoisting drum.
(17) Makeshift hoisting operations shall not be permitted for personnel or materials.
(18) Construction elevator-type hoists as defined in the Construction Safety Orders shall comply with the California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Article 14 of the Construction Safety Orders.
(b) Personnel Hoisting Systems.
(1) The hoist control shall be of such design that it will return to the "stop" position when the hand of the operator is removed from the control lever. The brakes shall be automatically applied and the power cut off whenever the control lever is in the "stop" position.
(2) Hoists shall be equipped with limit switches to prevent overtravel at the top and bottom of the hoistway.

(3) Hoists utilized in shafts over 100 feet in depth shall be provided with overspeed devices which disconnect the power and apply the brake at 120 percent of the maximum rated speed.
(4) Cranes used for personnel hoisting in shafts under construction shall comply with the applicable sections of this article and the requirements of Group 13 of the General Industry Safety Orders; however, the requirements of Section 5004(c) do not apply.
(5) Personnel hoists shall be equipped with two brakes, either of which is capable of stopping and holding 150 percent of the hoist's rated line pull. One shall be an automatic brake that will be applied whenever the power fails, is shut off or when the power control lever is in the "off" position. The other brake shall be a hand or foot brake that operates on the hoist drum.
(c) Shaft Conveyances.
(1) Shaft conveyances used for moving personnel in all completed shafts, or in all shafts being used as completed shafts, shall be rope or rail guided for the full length of their travel.

(2) Personnel conveyances operating on guides or guide cable shall be equipped with broken-rope safety devices.
(3) Conveyances used for moving personnel shall be equipped with a bonnet that covers the top in such manner as to protect riders from objects falling in the shaft. It shall be the equivalent of two steel plates three-sixteenths inch in thickness, sloping toward each side. If used in a shaft where emergency egress may be blocked, the bonnet shall be so arranged that it may be readily pushed upward to afford egress.
(4) Conveyances used for the movement of personnel shall be provided with sheet iron or steel side-casings not less than six feet in height and not less than one sixteenth inch thick or with netting composed of wire not less than one sixteenth inch in diameter (the maximum size of openings of wire netting shall not be greater than one inch), and with gates of not less than four and one-half feet in height and made of such materials as specified for side-casing, either hung on hinges or working in slides; provided, however, that this safety order does not preclude the use of other materials having equivalent strength and providing equal safety. The conveyance shall have handholds provided so that each person will have a convenient means for steadying themselves.

(A) All personnel conveyances shall be provided with a positive locking door and/or gate that does not open outward.
(5) If buckets or cages without guides are used for handling personnel and material, the arrangements must be such that:
(A) The work bucket shall have all sides enclosed by a heavy screen or equivalent to a height of at least 42 inches, and have a protective canopy top. Shaft crews shall be hoisted or lowered in a conveyance as required in Section 8495(c)(3) and (4). However, when the cage is being used as a work platform the sides may be reduced in height to 42 inches when conveyance is not in motion.
(B) Self-dumping conveyances used for the transportation of personnel shall be provided with a positive means to prevent travel into the dumping position and equipped with a suitable locking device to prevent accidental dumping when persons are transported thereon.
(6) Emergency chains, slings, or double clevis pins shall be used between the lower end of the wire rope and the shaft conveyance so that in the event of ring bolt or clevis-pin breakage, the emergency attachments will prevent the cage or skip from falling.
(d) Broken Rope Safety Device.
(1) Broken-rope safety devices shall be capable of stopping and holding 150 percent of the weight of the conveyance and its maximum rated load in the event the hoisting cable parts.
(2) The safety device shall be mechanically applied. Electric, hydraulic or pneumatic action shall not be used to engage the safeties nor hold them in the retracted position.
(3) The safety device shall be designed not to engage while the conveyance is ascending and after actuation be released only by the upward movement of the conveyance.
(4) The safety device shall be drop-tested at 100 percent of its rated capacity before initial use and the following:
(A) After any repairs or alterations affecting the safety device.

(B) After any unintentional actuation of the safety device during normal operation.
(C) At least annually.
The Division shall witness the required initial and annual drop-tests.
(5) No method of roping shall be used which might interfere with the proper operation of the safety device.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.

s 8496. Shafts and Raises Under Construction.
(a) Shafts under construction exceeding 200 feet in depth shall be provided with guides, which extend within 75 feet of the bottom of the shaft.
(b) Where guides and safeties are used, the maximum rated speed for hoisting shall not exceed 600 feet per minute.
(c) In areas of shaft construction where buckets or cages without guides are used for handling personnel and material, the arrangements must be such that:

(1) All parts of the rigging shall provide a safety factor of 10 or more when personnel are being transported or working below a suspended load.
(2) Adequate level landing areas shall be provided for the use of personnel getting on or off buckets or cages.
(3) The travel speed shall not exceed 200 feet per minute.
(d) During sinking operations, no cage, skip, bucket or other conveyance shall be lowered directly to the bottom of a shaft or incline steeper than 20 degrees from the horizontal when personnel are working there. All such equipment shall be stopped at least 15 feet above the bottom of such excavation, and remain there until the signal to lower further is received from the bottom of the shaft.
(e) During sinking operations in shafts steeper than 20 degrees from the horizontal, no other work in any other place in the shaft shall be executed, nor shall any material or tools be hoisted in the shaft while personnel are at work in the bottom of the shaft, unless they are covered by a well constructed barrier or otherwise protected from the danger of falling material.
(f) Open pilot raises in shafts being enlarged shall be covered or railed except when necessarily open for passage of muck. Safety belts and lifelines shall be worn when the raise is not guarded.
(g) Means of unplugging shafts and/or raises, such as chains or cables that can be worked up and down, shall be provided. Hand placed "Bombs" shall not be permitted to unplug shafts and/or raises from the bottom.
(h) Shaft bottoms shall be cleaned of muck and an examination made for misfires before resuming drilling.
(i) Blasting holes shall not be drilled through blasted rock or water.
(j) Employees in a shaft shall be protected either by location or by suitable barriers if powered mechanical loading equipment is used to remove muck containing unfired explosives.
(k) Explosives used in shafts shall only be fired by blasting systems which provide for initiation from a safe and remote location away from the blast site.
(l) Powder or blasting caps shall not be taken into any shaft or raise until holes are drilled and are ready for loading.
(m) After each blast, a qualified person shall determine if the walls, ladders, timbers, blocking or wedges have loosened, and if such is the case, they shall be repaired before employees other than those assigned to make the repairs are allowed in or below the affected areas.
(n) Unless a raise-climber, suspended drill cage or similar method is used, raises over 30 feet in length and steeper than 30 degrees with the horizontal shall have separate compartments for muck and ladderway during the driving operation.
(o) Suspended Drill Cage Method of Raise Driving.
(1) Hoisting operations and equipment involved in moving the cage shall comply with Section 8495.
(2) Arrangements must be made so that the cage is adequately braced against lateral sway or spinning while cage is in work position.

(3) Each cage shall be provided with a protective canopy which may have hinged sections or other arrangements to provide partial protection, when needed, even if sections of the bonnet must be open for work purposes. The cage must be fully covered during first access after blasting so that the face can be safely inspected for loose material and barred down. (continued)