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(continued)
(A) A description of the emergency rescue procedures; and
(B) Names or job titles of the employees who are assigned to perform them.
(c) Medical requirements for shipyard fire response employees. The employer shall ensure that:
(1) All fire response employees receive medical examinations to assure that they are physically and medically fit for the duties they are expected to perform;
(2) Fire response employees, who are required to wear respirators in performing their duties, meet the medical requirements of Section 5144 of the General Industry Safety Orders;
(3) Each fire response employee has an annual medical examination; and
(4) The medical records of fire response employees are kept in accordance with Section 3204 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(d) Organization of internal fire response functions. The employer shall:
(1) Organize fire response functions to ensure enough resources to conduct emergency operations safely;
(2) Establish lines of authority and assign responsibilities to ensure that the components of the internal fire response are accomplished;
(3) Set up an incident management system to coordinate and direct fire response functions, including:
(A) Specific fire emergency responsibilities;
(B) Accountability for all fire response employees participating in an emergency operation; and
(C) Resources offered by outside organizations; and
(4) Provide the information required in this subsection (d) to the outside fire response organization to be used.
(e) Personal protective clothing and equipment for fire response employees.
(1) General requirements. The employer shall:
(A) Supply to all fire response employees, at no cost, the appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment they may need to perform expected duties; and
(B) Ensure that fire response employees wear the appropriate personal protective clothing and use the equipment, when necessary, to protect them from hazardous exposures.
(2) Thermal stability and flame resistance. The employer shall:
(A) Ensure that each fire response employee exposed to the hazards of flame does not wear clothing that could increase the extent of injury that could be sustained; and
(B) Prohibit wearing clothing made from acetate, nylon, or polyester, either alone or in blends, unless it can be shown that:
(C) The fabric will withstand the flammability hazard that may be encountered; or
(D) The clothing will be worn in such a way to eliminate the flammability hazard that may be encountered.
(3) Respiratory protection. The employer shall:
(A) Provide self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to all fire response employees involved in an emergency operation in an atmosphere that is immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), potentially IDLH, or unknown;
(B) Provide SCBA to fire response employees performing emergency operations during hazardous chemical emergencies that will expose them to known hazardous chemicals in vapor form or to unknown chemicals;
(C) Provide fire response employees who perform or support emergency operations that will expose them to hazardous chemicals in liquid form either:
1. SCBA, or
2. Respiratory protective devices certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under 42 CFR Part 84 as suitable for the specific chemical environment;
(D) Ensure that additional outside air supplies used in conjunction with SCBA result in positive pressure systems that are certified by NIOSH under 42 CFR Part 84;
(E) Provide only SCBA that meet the requirements of NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus for Fire and Emergency Services, 2002 Edition, which is hereby incorporated by reference; and
(F) Ensure that the respiratory protection program and all respiratory protection equipment comply with Section 5144 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(4) Interior structural firefighting operations. The employer shall:
(A) Supply at no cost to all fire response employees exposed to the hazards of shipyard fire response, a helmet, gloves, footwear, and protective hoods, and either a protective coat and trousers or a protective coverall; and
(B) Ensure that this equipment meets the applicable recommendations in NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting, 2000 Edition, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(5) Proximity firefighting operations. The employer shall provide, at no cost, to all fire response employees who are exposed to the hazards of proximity firefighting, appropriate protective proximity clothing that meets the applicable recommendations in NFPA 1976, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Proximity Fire Fighting, 2000 Edition, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(6) Life safety ropes, body harnesses, and hardware. The employer shall ensure that:
(A) All life safety ropes, body harnesses, and hardware used by fire response employees for emergency operations meet the applicable recommendations in NFPA 1983, Standard on Fire Service Life Safety Rope and System Components, 2001 Edition, which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(B) Fire response employees use only Class I body harnesses to attach to ladders and aerial devices; and
(C) Fire response employees use only Class II and Class III body harnesses for fall arrest and rappelling operations.
(7) Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices. The employer shall:
(A) Provide each fire response employee involved in firefighting operations with a PASS device; and
(B) Ensure that each PAS device meets the recommendations in NFPA 1982-1998 Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS), which is hereby incorporated be reference.
(f) Equipment maintenance.
(1) Personal protective equipment. The employer shall inspect and maintain personal protective equipment used to protect fire response employees to ensure that it provides the intended protection.
(2) Fire response equipment. The employer shall:
(A) Keep fire response equipment in a state of readiness;
(B) Standardize all fire hose coupling and connection threads throughout the facility and on vessels and vessel sections by providing the same type of hose coupling and connection threads for hoses of the same or similar diameter; and
(C) Ensure that either all fire hoses and coupling connection threads are the same within a facility or vessel or vessel section as those used by the outside fire response organization, or supply suitable adapter couplings if such an organization is expected to use the fire response equipment within a facility or vessel or vessel section.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3 Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 8397.13. Training.
(a) The employer shall train employees in the applicable requirements of this section:
(1) Within 90 days of March 17, 2005, for employees currently working;
(2) Upon initial assignment for new employees; and
(3) When necessary to maintain proficiency for employees previously trained.
(b) Employee training. The employer shall ensure that all employees are trained on:
(1) The emergency alarm signals, including system discharge alarms and employee evacuation alarms; and
(2) The primary and secondary evacuation routes that employees shall use in the event of a fire in the workplace. While all vessels and vessel sections shall have a primary evacuation route, a secondary evacuation route is not required when impracticable.
(c) Additional training requirements for employees expected to fight incipient stage fires. The employer shall ensure that employees expected to fight incipient stage fires are trained on the following:
(1) The general principles of using fire extinguishers or hose lines, the hazards involved with incipient firefighting, and the procedures used to reduce these hazards;
(2) The hazards associated with fixed and portable fire protection systems that employees may use or to which they may be exposed during discharge of those systems; and
(3) The activation and operation of fixed and portable fire protection systems that the employer expects employees to use in the workplace.
(d) Additional training requirements for shipyard employees designated for fire response. The employer shall:
(1) Have a written training policy stating that fire response employees shall be trained and capable of carrying out their duties and responsibilities at all times;
(2) Keep written standard operating procedures that address anticipated emergency operations and update these procedures as necessary;
(3) Review fire response employee training programs and hands-on sessions before they are used in fire response training to make sure that fire response employees are protected from hazards associated with fire response training;
(4) Provide training for fire response employees that ensures they are capable of carrying out their duties and responsibilities under the employer's standard operating procedures;
(5) Train new fire response employees before they engage in emergency operations;
(6) At least quarterly, provide training on the written operating procedures to fire response employees who are expected to fight fires;
(7) Use qualified instructors to conduct the training;
(8) Conduct any training that involves live fire response exercises in accordance with NFPA 1403, Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions, 2002 Edition, which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(9) Conduct semi-annual drills according to the employer's written procedures for fire response employees that cover site-specific operations, occupancies, buildings, vessels and vessel sections, and fire-related hazards; and
(10) Prohibit the use of smoke generating devices that create a dangerous atmosphere in training exercises.
(e) Additional training requirements for fire watch duty.
(1) The employer shall ensure that each fire watch is trained by an instructor with adequate fire watch knowledge and experience to cover the items as follows:
(A) Before being assigned to fire watch duty;
(B) Whenever there is a change in operations that presents a new or different hazard;
(C) Whenever the employer has reason to believe that the fire watch's knowledge, skills, or understanding of the training previously provided is inadequate; and
(D) Annually.
(2) The employer shall ensure that each employee who stands fire watch duty is trained in:
(A) The basics of fire behavior, the different classes of fire and of extinguishing agents, the stages of fire, and methods for extinguishing fires;
(B) Extinguishing live fire scenarios whenever allowed by local and federal law;
(C) The recognition of the adverse health effects that may be caused by exposure to fire;
(D) The physical characteristics of the hot work area;
(E) The hazards associated with fire watch duties;
(F) The personal protective equipment (PPE) needed to perform fire watch duties safely;
(G) The use of PPE;
(H) The selection and use of any fire extinguishers and fire hoses likely to be used by a fire watch in the work area;
(I) The location and use of barriers;
(J) The means of communication designated by the employer for fire watches;
(K) When and how to start fire alarm procedures; and
(L) The employer's evacuation plan.
(3) The employer shall ensure that each fire watch is trained to alert others to exit the space whenever:
(A) The fire watch perceives an unsafe condition;
(B) The fire watch perceives that a worker performing hot work is in danger;
(C) The employer or a representative of the employer orders an evacuation; or
(D) An evacuation signal, such as an alarm, is activated.
(f) Records. The employer shall keep records that demonstrate that employees have been trained as required by subsections (a) through (e) of this section.
(1) The employer shall ensure that the records include the employee's name; the trainer's name; the type of training; and the date(s) on which the training took place.
(2) The employer shall keep each training record for one year from the time it was made or until it is replaced with a new training record, whichever is shorter, and make it available for inspection and copying by the Division upon request.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3 Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 8397.14. Precautions for Hot Work.
(a) General requirements.
(1) Designated Areas. The employer may designate areas for hot work in sites such as vessels, vessel sections, fabricating shops, and subassembly areas that are free of fire hazards.
(2) Non-designated Areas.
(A) Before authorizing hot work in a non-designated area, the employer must visually inspect the area where hot work is to be performed, including adjacent spaces, to ensure the area is free of fire hazards, unless a Marine Chemist's certificate or Shipyard Competent Person's log is used for authorization.
(B) The employer shall authorize employees to perform hot work only in areas that are free of fire hazards, or that have been controlled by physical isolation, fire watches, or other positive means.
Note to subsection (a)(2): The requirements of subsection (a)(2) apply to all hot work operations in shipyard employment except those covered by Articles 4 and 7 of these Orders.
(b) Specific requirements.
(1) Maintaining fire hazard-free conditions. The employer must keep all hot work areas free of new hazards that may cause or contribute to the spread of fire. Unexpected energizing and energy release are covered by Section 8397.2 and the Electrical Safety Orders. Exposure to toxic and hazardous substances is covered in General Industry Safety Orders, Article 107, Section 5155.
(2) Fuel gas and oxygen supply lines and torches. The employer must make sure that:
(A) No unattended fuel gas and oxygen hose lines or torches are in confined spaces;
(B) No unattended charged fuel gas and oxygen hose lines or torches are in enclosed spaces for more than 15 minutes;
(C) All fuel gas and oxygen hose lines are disconnected at the supply manifold at the end of each shift;
(D) All disconnected fuel gas and oxygen hose lines are rolled back to the supply manifold or to open air to disconnect the torch; or extended fuel gas and oxygen hose lines are not reconnected at the supply manifold unless the lines are given a positive means of identification when they were first connected and the lines are tested using a drop test or other positive means to ensure the integrity of fuel gas and oxygen burning system.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 8397.15. Fire Watches.
(a) Written fire watch policy. The employer must create and keep current a written policy that specifies the following requirements for employees performing fire watch in the workplace:
(1) The training employees must be given (Section 8397.13(c) contains detailed fire watch training requirements);
(2) The duties employees are to perform;
(3) The equipment employees must be given; and
(4) The personal protective equipment (PPE) that must be made available and worn as required by Article 10 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(b) Posting fire watches. The employer must post a fire watch if during hot work any of the following conditions are present:
(1) Slag, weld splatter, or sparks might pass through an opening and cause a fire;
(2) Fire-resistant guards or curtains are not used to prevent ignition of combustible materials on or near decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads;
(3) Combustible material closer than 35 ft. (10.7m) to the hot work in either the horizontal or vertical direction cannot be removed, protected with flame-proof covers, or otherwise shielded with metal or fire-resistant guards or curtains;
(4) The hot work is carried out on or near insulation, combustible coatings, or sandwich-type construction that cannot be shielded, cut back, or removed, or in a space within a sandwich type construction that cannot be inerted;
(5) Combustible materials adjacent to the opposite sides of bulkheads, decks, overheads, metal partitions, or sandwich-type construction may be ignited by conduction or radiation;
(6) The hot work is close enough to cause ignition through heat radiation or conduction on the following:
(A) Insulated pipes, bulkheads, decks, partitions, or overheads; or
(B) Combustible materials and/or coatings;
(7) The work is close enough to unprotected combustible pipe or cable runs to cause ignition; or
(8) A Marine Chemist, a Coast Guard-authorized person, or a shipyard Competent Person, as defined in Section 8355 of these Orders, requires that a fire watch be posted.
(c) Assigning employees to fire watch duty.
(1) The employer must not assign other duties to a fire watch while the hot work is in progress.
(2) Employers must ensure that employees assigned to fire watch duty:
(A) Have a clear view of and immediate access to all areas included in the fire watch;
(B) Are able to communicate with workers exposed to hot work;
(C) Are authorized to stop work if necessary and restore safe conditions within the hot work area;
(D) Remain in the hot work area for at least 30 minutes after completion of the hot work, unless the employer or its representative surveys the exposed area and makes a determination that there is no further fire hazard;
(E) Are trained to detect fires that occur in areas exposed to the hot work;
(F) Attempt to extinguish any incipient stage fires in the hot work area that are within the capability of available equipment and within the fire watch's training qualifications, as defined in Section 8397.13.
(G) Alert employees of any fire beyond the incipient stage; and
(H) If unable to extinguish fire in the areas exposed to the hot work, activate the alarm.
(3) The employer must ensure that employees assigned to fire watch are physically capable of performing these duties.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 8397.16. Land-Side Fire Protection Systems.
(a) Employer responsibilities. The employer must ensure all fixed and portable fire protection systems needed to meet an OSHA standard for employee safety or employee protection from fire hazards in land-side facilities, including, but not limited to, buildings, structures, and equipment, meet the requirements of this section.
(b) Portable fire extinguishers and hose systems.
(1) The employer must select, install, inspect, maintain, and test all portable fire extinguishers according to NFPA 10-1998 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(2) The employer is permitted to use Class II or Class III hose systems, in accordance with NFPA 10-1998, as portable fire extinguishers if the employer selects, installs, inspects, maintains, and tests those systems according to the specific recommendations in NFPA 14-2000 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private Hydrant, and Hose Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(c) General requirements for fixed extinguishing systems. The employer must:
(1) Ensure that any fixed extinguishing system component or extinguishing agent is approved by an OSHA Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, meeting the requirements of General Industry Safety Order, Section 3206 for use on the specific hazards the employer expects it to control or extinguish;
(2) Notify employees and take the necessary precautions to ensure employees are safe from fire if for any reason a fire extinguishing system stops working, until the system is working again;
(3) Ensure all repairs to fire extinguishing systems and equipment are done by a qualified technician or mechanic;
(4) Provide and ensure employees use proper personal protective equipment when entering discharge areas in which the atmosphere remains hazardous to employee safety or health, or provide safeguards to prevent employees from entering those areas. See Section 8355 of these Orders for additional requirements applicable to safe entry into spaces containing dangerous atmospheres;
(5) Post hazard warning or caution signs at both the entrance to and inside of areas protected by fixed extinguishing systems that use extinguishing agents in concentrations known to be hazardous to employee safety or health; and
(6) Select, install, inspect, maintain, and test all automatic fire detection systems and emergency alarms according to NFPA 72-1999 National Fire Alarm Code, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(d) Fixed extinguishing systems. The employer must select, install, maintain, inspect, and test all fixed systems required by OSHA as follows:
(1) Standpipe and hose systems according to NFPA 14-2000 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private Hydrant, and Hose Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(2) Automatic sprinkler systems according to NFPA 25-2002 Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference, and either NFPA 13-1999 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference or NFPA 750-2000 Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(3) Fixed extinguishing systems that use water or foam as the extinguishing agent according to NFPA 15-2001 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, which is hereby incorporated by reference; NFPA 11-1998 Standard for Low-Expansion Foam, which is hereby incorporated by reference; and NFPA 11A-1999 Standard for Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference;
(4) Fixed extinguishing systems using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent according to NFPA 17-2002 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference; and
(5) Fixed extinguishing systems using gas as the extinguishing agent according to NFPA 12-2000 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference; NFPA 12A-1997 Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference; and NFPA 2001-2000 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 8398. Head Protection.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 8399. Eye Protection.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Appendix A
Code of Safe Practices
(This is a suggested code. It is general in nature and intended as a basis for preparation by the employer of a code that fits the yard's operations more exactly.)
GENERAL
1. All injuries are to be reported to the immediate supervisor promptly so that adequate medical attention may be given.
2. Companionway hatch covers should be checked regularly for faulty securing devices. Do your part by reporting such faults.
3. Compressed gases are not to be used for purposes other than their designated uses. They are not to be used to clean clothing,machines, tools, empty containers of liquids, or for ventilation.
4. Good housekeeping must be maintained at all times aboard ship and the adjacent berth or dock. Aisles and passageways in shops,warehouses, and yard areas are to be kept clear of material. Welding leads, burner hose, air hose, and other temporary lines should be arranged so that they do not produce a tripping hazard on staging, walkways, ladders, stairways, and companionways.
5. Deck openings are not to be covered by loose material. All openings are to be protected so that no one can step or fall into them.
6. All safety precautions are to be followed against harmful and explosive gases when entering tanks, voids, or compartments. If in doubt, the supervisor should have the area certified safe by a qualified person.
7. Rules, regulations, and signs placed for the protection of personnel and equipment are to be obeyed.
8. Smoking, open flames, or other sources of ignition are not permitted in areas where a fire hazard may exist.
9. Safety devices are not to be tampered with, nor are the warning tags placed on them to be removed except by the person or persons placing them.
10. Employees shall keep out from under suspended loads at all times.
11. Cranes are to be equipped with effective warning devices. In congested areas, the signal should be automatically operated to sound continuously while the crane is in operation. If the device becomes inoperative it should be brought to the attention of supervision and repaired immediately.
12. Shipyard traffic rules are to be strictly obeyed while operating a vehicle, regardless of type.
13. Wiping cloths and oily waste should be disposed of in designated containers.
14. All employees shall be given frequent accident prevention instructions.
15. Anyone known to be under the influence of drugs or intoxicating substances which impair the employee's ability to safely perform the assigned duties shall not be allowed on the job.
16. Horseplay, scuffling, and all other acts which tend to have an adverse influence on the safety or well-being of the employees shall be prohibited.
17. Work shall be well planned and supervised to prevent injuries in the handling of materials and in working together with equipment.
18. No one shall knowingly be permitted or required to work while the employee's ability or alertness is so impaired by fatigue, illness, or other causes that it might unnecessarily expose the employee or others to injury.
19. Air hoses shall not be disconnected at compressors until hose line has been bled.
20. Crowding or pushing when boarding or leaving any vehicle or other convenience shall be prohibited.
21. Employees shall not handle or tamper with any electrical equipment machinery, or air or water lines in a manner not within the scope of their duties unless they have received instructions from their foreman.
22. When lifting heavy objects, the large muscles of the leg instead of the smaller muscles of the back shall be used.
23. Appropriate footwear shall be worn.
24. Materials, tools, or other objects shall not be thrown from elevated structures until proper precautions are taken to protect others from the falling of objects.
25. Employees shall cleanse thoroughly after handling hazardous substances, and follow special instructions from authorized sources.
26. Work shall be so arranged that employees are able to face ladders and use hands while climbing.
27. Gasoline shall not be used for cleaning purposes.
28. No burning, welding, or other source of ignition shall be applied to any enclosed tank or vessel, even if there are some openings, until it has first been determined that no possibility of explosion exists, and authority for the work is obtained from the foreman or superintendent.
29. Any damage to scaffolds, falsework, or other supporting structures shall be immediately reported to the foreman and repaired before use.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
30. Machines, valves, switches, turrets, elevators, etc., must be checked and everyone must be in the clear before such devices are put in operation.
31. Safeguards are not to be altered or removed from tools and equipment.
32. Temporary services such as air, steam, water, and electricity furnished by the employer are not to be altered or tampered with.
33. Proper equipment is to be used for loading or unloading material or tools to or from staging or hatchways, proper equipment is to be used for this purpose.
34. Tools and equipment are to be secured, to prevent falling when working aloft.
35. All tools and equipment shall be maintained in good condition.
36. Damaged tools or equipment shall be removed from service and tagged "DEFECTIVE."
37. Only appropriate tools shall be used for the job.
38. TOOLS shall not be altered by the addition of handle- extensions or "cheaters."
39. Portable electric tools shall not be lifted or lowered by means of the power cord. Ropes shall be used.
40. Electric cords shall not be exposed to damage from vehicles.
41. In locations where the use of a portable power tool is difficult, the tool shall be supported by means of a rope or similar support of adequate strength.
MACHINERY
42. Only authorized persons shall operate machinery or equipment.
43. Loose or frayed clothing, or long hair, dangling ties, finger rings, etc., shall not be worn around moving machinery or other sources of entanglement.
44. Machinery shall not be serviced, repaired or adjusted while in operation, nor shall oiling of moving parts be attempted, except on equipment that is designed or fitted with safeguards to protect the person performing the work.
45. Where appropriate, lock-out procedures shall be used.
STAGING
46. Safe access is to be provided to and from all staging.
47. Properly installed staging is to be used at all times.
48. Staging scaffolds, safety lines, or other barricades erected by the shipyard force are not to be altered except by authorized employees.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
49. Hard hats and other personal protective equipment are to be used in accordance with yard instructions.
50. Appropriate respirators and or body protection are to be worn whenever materials or working conditions may create a health hazard.
51. Approved eye and/or face protection suitable for the conditions encountered are to be worn when working near welding operations, grinding, chipping, or wire brushing, or when working with acids or other harmful substances.
52. Safety belts and lanyards are to be worn where required.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Appendix B
Suggested Safety Program For Employers GENERAL
1. Demonstrate your interest in safety by establishing a firm and positive accident prevention policy that includes the supplying of tangible items like hard hats, good ladders, first aid materials, and safety devices on equipment.
2. Provide that capable, responsible supervisors make regular inspections of scaffolds, stairs, ladders, structures, machinery and equipment at frequent intervals and take immediate corrective measures to eliminate hazards.
3. Make certain that the foreman assume their share of the responsibility for accidents and require a written report from them on each accident. Require that each report suggest a feasible means of avoiding future accidents of a similar nature.
4. Hold monthly or more frequent meetings with all foreman for a discussion of safety problems and accidents that have occurred. Have something specific ready for discussion, such as safety regulations, or any changes in equipment and methods that are to be adopted for safety reasons.
5. Keep track of your safety record and keep everyone posted as to progress. A graph or chart, indicating gains or losses, is good for this purpose.
6. Display safety posters, warning signs and a sign indicating how many consecutive accident-free days have passed.
7. Post a list of all shops which have been accident free for a specific period of time.
8. Establish various forms of safety competition, including suitable rewards or recognition to individuals and crews with good records.
9. Require foremen to give individual safety instructions and orders to new employees and those found to be working unsafely.
10. Have the foremen call short "gangbox" safety meetings with their crew once a week on the job, to emphasize some particular safety problem that needs special attention.
11. Encourage safety suggestions from all employees and, if the suggestion cannot be followed promptly, explain why to the employee.
12. Give employees copies of certain important safety rules that they are expected to follow.
13. Arrange for frequent and regular field safety inspections.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
<<(Subchapter Originally Printed 4-20-45)>>
Repeal of this set of orders, containingss 8100 through 8114 was filed 8-29-57,
effective thirty days thereafter. The orders were superseded by Construction
Safety Orders. (See Subchapter 4)
<<(Subchapter Originally Printed 4-20-45 Revisions Filed 8-20-54 and 8-23-73)>>
* Chapter 1431, Statutes of 1945, transferred jurisdiction over industrial
safety orders from the Industrial Accident Commission to the Division of
Industrial Safety.
s 8400. Title.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8401. Superseded Orders.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8403. Scope and Application.
(a) In accordance with the provisions of Labor Code, Division 5, Part 9 et al., these orders establish minimum safety standards in places of employment at tunnels, shafts, raises, inclines, underground chambers, and premises appurtenant thereto during excavation, construction, alteration, repairing, renovating or demolishing and the following:
(1) Cut-and-cover operations such as subway stations which are both physically connected to ongoing underground construction operations and are covered in such a manner as to create conditions characteristic of underground construction.
(2) Boring and pipejacking operations 30 inches in diameter or greater in size.Exceptions: These safety orders do not apply to utility natural gas pipelines subject to the jurisdiction of the California Public Utilities Commission or the U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Pipeline Safety, where a person does not bodily enter the bore during boring or pipejacking operations.
(3) Pipelines which are connected to and/or are an integral part of a tunnel where persons are working inside and the conditions are similar to a lined tunnel construction or repair project.
(4) All shaft excavations intended to exceed 20 feet in depth where employees may enter the shaft and/or approach the shaft area. A shaft will be considered a shaft from its inception. For shafts 20 feet or less in depth and excavations unrelated to the Tunnel Safety Orders, refer to, CCR, Title 8, Article 6, commencing with Section 1539 of the Construction Safety Orders.
(b) With the following exception these orders take precedence at tunnels over any other safety orders of the Division that are inconsistent with them. Where employees work under the pressure of air in excess of atmospheric pressure, in connection with tunnel work, the Compressed Air Safety Orders also apply and take precedence over any Tunnel Safety Orders that are in conflict.
(c) Machines, equipment, processes and operations not specifically covered by these orders shall be governed by all other applicable general safety orders contained in Title 8, California Code of Regulations.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8404. Permit for Variation from These Orders.
Any permit for variance from these safety orders shall be in accordance with Labor Code, Sections 143 and 6450 and Title 8, Chapter 3.5, Subchapter 1.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8405. Definitions.
The following definitions shall apply in the application of these orders.
Acceptable. Acceptable to the Division.
Access Shaft. A shaft used as a regular means of worker access to or from underground operations.
Air Supply Lines. Pipe, hose, or combination of pipe and hose, that supplies compressed air to equipment.
Approved. Those products, devices, systems, or installations meeting the requirements of Section 3206 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
Automatic Coupler. A connecting device between rail equipment that automatically engages when one car strikes another.
Back. The roof, ceiling or arch of a tunnel.
Barricade. To obstruct by use of planking, sawhorses, etc., placed around an excavation, sump, shaft or drop off to prevent entry of persons, vehicles or flying materials.
Barrier. A fence, wall or other structure built to bar passage with openings no greater than 2 inches.
Barricade Natural. Natural features of the terrain such as hills.
Block System. A switching system which prevents trains from entering specific sections of track occupied by another train.
Brakeman. An employee who performs switching, loading, or other train operations and assists the motorman.
Bulkhead. A tight partition, brattice or stopping in a tunnel, raise, or shaft.
California Switch. A movable switching track resting on top of the regular track upon which trains can be diverted for passing.
Car Passer. A device by which rail equipment can be moved to one side of the regular tunnel track to permit passage of the train or for other purposes.
Chamber. An opening, room, or vault excavated completely or partially underground which may be open to the surface at the top or connected to the surface by a tunnel or shaft.
Cherry Picker. A lifting device used to pick up muck cars or other equipment, from the track so as to set it to one side or raise it high enough for passage on the track of trains or equipment.
Combustible. Capable of being ignited and consumed by fire. Wherever combustible substances or materials are mentioned in these Orders, flammable and extremely flammable substances and materials are included.
Certified Person. A person certified by the Division.
Competent Person. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Conveyance. A cage, cab, enclosure, bucket conveyor or similar device used to lift, hoist or otherwise carry employees and/or materials.
Crown. Highest point of a tunnel cross-section.
Crown Bars. Timber or steel beams that extend ahead of the jumbo, the last set of timber or rib steel supports for temporary tunnel support and protection of workers near the face.
Cut and Cover. A work method which places a temporary roof over open excavation while doing further excavation or other work beneath the cover.
Division. The Division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH).
Exhaust Purifying Device (scrubber). Any of a number of devices, such as water bath scrubbers or catalytic scrubbers that reduce contaminants from internal combustion engine exhausts to an acceptable level.
Explosion Relief Mechanism. Explosion-doors, weak-wall, panel or other equivalent devices so located to relieve the pressure that would be created by an explosion underground and reduce possible damage to a ventilation system.
Extremely Flammable. Having a flash point of 20 degrees Fahrenheit or less, when tested by the Tagliabue open-cup method.
Face-Underground. That part of any adit, tunnel, or raise where excavating is progressing, or was last done.
Fan-Auxiliary. A fan used to provide ventilation or circulate air to areas off the main fresh air course.
Fan-Booster. A fan installed in the ventilation system to increase the ventilation flow rates of the system.
Fan-Main. A fan or system of fans that are located at the surface which controls the primary ventilation of a tunnel or underground chamber.
Fire Resistant. Protected against fire by a covering equivalent to a one-hour fire resistant covering applied in a manner acceptable to the Division.
Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids. An approved fluid of such chemical composition and physical characteristics that it will resist the propagation of flame, or meet the requirements of 30 CFR Part 35.
Flammable. Capable of being easily ignited or burning rapidly.
Flammable Gas. A mixture which when once ignited will allow flame to be self-propagated throughout the mixture, independent of and away from the source of ignition.
Flash Point. The temperature at which a material gives off flammable vapor in sufficient quantity to burn instantaneously at the approach of a flame or spark.
Ground Support System. Wood, steel, concrete, rock bolts, or other materials used for bracing or supporting the ground.
Highway. Any street, alley, or road, publicly or privately maintained and open to use for the public for purposes of vehicular travel.
Hoist-Material. A hoist for lifting, lowering, or pulling materials. It includes tugger-type and slusher.
Hoist, Personnel. A hoist equipped with the necessary safeguards to raise or lower personnel as required by Section 8495(b).
Horsepower-Brake (BHP). The power of an engine or other motor as calculated from the force exerted on a friction brake or absorption dynamometer applied to the flywheel or the shaft.
Incline. Shaft greater than 20 degrees from the horizontal but less than 70 degrees.
Intrinsically Safe. A device or system which is incapable of releasing enough electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a mixture of flammable gas and air in its most ignitable composition.
Invert. The floor of a tunnel.
Jumbo. A mobile platform or series of platforms, usually on wheels, to provide work areas for employees and the machines, tools, or materials being used.
Lanyard. A flexible line to secure a wearer of a safety belt or harness to a drop line, lifeline, or fixed anchorage.
Laser. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation and is used as a coherent beam of light for alignment.
LEL. Lower explosive limit of a flammable gas or vapor.
L.P.G. Liquified Petroleum Gas.
Magazine. A building, other than the explosives manufacturing building, or other structures especially designed for the storage of explosives, or any cave or other structure adapted to the storage of explosives.
Mechanical Tunneling Equipment. Equipment such as mechanical excavators, tunnel boring machines, shields, roadheaders, and raise boring machines.
Motorman. The operator of a locomotive or other similar rail mounted equipment.
MSHA. The United States Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration.
Muck. Excavated rock, earth or other materials.
Permissible. A machine, material, apparatus, or device which has been investigated, tested, and approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, and is maintained in accordance with the requirements of the approving agency.
Personnel or Person. Those persons affected by the referenced standard, including those other than employees of the employer.
Pneumatic Loader. A device for injecting an explosive or blasting agent into a bore hole or other cavity, using compressed air as the propulsive force. There are two basic types of air loaders; the pressure vessel system that forces the explosive or blasting agent through a loading hose, and the ejector system which operates on the venturi principle, in that the explosive or blasting agent is sucked out of an open container and carried into the bore hole by the air stream.
Qualified Person, Attendant or Operator. A person designated by the employer, who by reasons of their training and experience has demonstrated their ability to safely perform their duties and, where required, is properly licensed and/or certificated in accordance with federal, state or local laws and regulations.
Railroad. Any railroad or tramway which carries passengers for hire on the particular line or branch in the vicinity where explosives are stored, or where explosives-manufacturing buildings are situated.
Raise. A vertical or inclined underground excavation driven from bottom to top.
Raise Climber. A mechanical powered work platform used to provide access to the raise face.
Ramp. A sloping passageway connecting two different levels.
Return Air. The portion of the ventilation system between the point where fresh air is introduced into the underground environment and its point of release into the outside atmosphere.
Safety Factor. The ratio of the ultimate strength of the material to the actual working stress or safe load when in use.
Scrubber. A device used on internal combustion engines to reduce discharge of harmful exhaust gases. See "exhaust purifying device".
Shaft. Any excavation where its depth is at least twice its greatest cross section dimension. The sides are nearly parallel or cylindrical. A shaft is considered to be vertical if its alignment is within 20 degrees of vertical. For the purpose of these safety orders, shaft shall include incline and raise (also see Incline and Raise).
Shall. Mandatory.
Skip. A shaft conveyance, generally for hoisting muck and materials.
Spoil. See "Muck."
Switch. A device for enabling rail-mounted equipment to pass from one track to another.
Tunnel. An underground passageway, 30 inches in diameter or greater, excavated by employees working below the earth's surface, that provides a subterranean route along which employees, equipment or substances can move; other than passageways excavated by mine or quarry operators in connection with such operations. For the purpose of these safety orders, "tunnels" include shafts, raises, underground chambers and premises appurtenant thereto.
Two-Block. A condition in hoisting where the load, or termination assembly is hoisted to the point of making contact with an obstruction normally present in the hoisting system which can result in parting of the hoisting cable and damage to the hoisting system. Generally, a condition resulting from the load or termination assembly being hoisted under power into a headframe assembly or crane boom-tip.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 7997, Labor Code.
s 8406. Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
Every employer shall establish, implement and maintain an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program in accordance with Section 3203 of the General Industry Safety Orders and the following:
(a) All safety suggestions shall be given prompt consideration by the employer and a written record shall be maintained for the duration of the underground work and made available to the Division upon request.
(b) The adoption and use of a code of safe practices and procedures for underground operations similar to the Safe Practices Code in Appendix A of these orders.
(c) Copies of such code shall be posted in accordance with Section 8409 and available at the job site for inspection by the Division.
(d) The employer shall hold meetings at least once each month with supervisory personnel and foremen for a discussion of safety problems and accidents that have occurred. A record of such meetings shall be kept, stating the meeting date, time, place, supervisory personnel present, subjects discussed and corrective action taken, if any, and maintained for inspection by the Division.
(e) Supervisory personnel shall conduct "toolbox" or "tailgate" safety meetings with their crews at least weekly on the job to emphasize safety. Records of all meetings shall be kept, stating the meeting date, time, personnel present, subjects discussed, and corrective actions taken if any, and maintained for inspection by the Division.
(f) In all places of employment where these safety orders apply, the employer shall designate an on-site Safety Representative who is qualified to recognize hazardous conditions and is certified by the Division. This person shall have the authority to correct unsafe conditions and practices, or stop the work if an imminent hazard exists. This person shall be responsible for directing the required safety and health program.
(g) All applicants for certification as a Safety Representative shall meet the following minimum requirements:
(1) Two years experience performing safety related work in tunnels and/or underground mines.
(2) In lieu of one year of the above experience, applicants may substitute equivalent education or work experience as follows:
(A) Work experience in the capacity of managing or directing tunnel safety programs, or
(B) Formal safety related education degree in safety or certification as a Certified Safety Professional (CSP), Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), Professional Safety Engineer (PSE), or similar.
(3) Be able to communicate with affected employees.
(4) Be of such physical condition that it would not interfere with the proper performance of their duties.
(5) Be thoroughly familiar and conversant with all Tunnel Safety Orders and other applicable safety orders.
(6) Knowledge of the means and methods of underground construction operations.
(7) The ability to identify and evaluate unsafe conditions; and knowledge of the safeguards required to protect employees from the effect of these hazards.
(8) Pass a written and oral examination administered by the Division.
(h) All applicants for certification as a Gas Tester as required by these safety orders shall have the following minimum requirements:
(1) One year experience in performing underground work in mines or tunnels.
(2) Be of such physical condition that it would not interfere with the proper performance of their duties.
(3) Be able to communicate with all affected employees.
(4) Knowledge of the gases that may be encountered underground, the hazards they pose, and the safeguards required to protect employees from their effect.
(5) Demonstrate proficiency in the operation, use and calibration of ventilation and gas detection instruments; and the interpretation and documentation of the reading obtained.
(6) Be familiar with and knowledgeable of the Tunnel Safety Orders and other applicable safety orders of Title 8.
(7) Pass a written and oral examination administered by the Division.
Note: Free Consultation Service (Labor Code, Sections 6354 and 6355).
In order to encourage voluntary compliance with occupational safety and health regulations, free on-site consultation service is provided by Cal/OSHA. Employers may request this free on-site consultation. Employees and employee groups may also participate at the invitation of the employer, or may request consultation away from the job site. (continued)