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(continued)
1. Specifications:
a. Glove boxes shall be constructed with rigid sides and made from metal or other material which can withstand the weight of the ACM and PACM and water used during removal:

b. A negative pressure generator shall be used to create negative pressure in the system:
c. An air filtration unit shall be attached to the box:
d. The box shall be fitted with gloved apertures:
e. An aperture at the base of the box shall serve as a bagging outlet for waste ACM and water:
f. A back-up generator shall be present on site:
g. Waste bags shall consist of 6 mil thick plastic double-bagged before they are filled or plastic thicker than 6 mil.
2. Work practices:
a. At least two persons shall perform the removal:
b. The box shall be smoke-tested for leaks and any leaks sealed prior to each use.

c. Loose or damaged ACM adjacent to the box shall be wrapped and sealed in two layers of 6 mil plastic prior to the job, or otherwise made intact prior to the job.
d. A HEPA filtration system shall be used to maintain the pressure barrier in the box.
(E) Water Spray Process System: A water spray process system may be used for removal of ACM and PACM from cold line piping if, employees carrying out such process have completed a 40-hour separate training course in its use, in addition to training required for employees performing Class I work. The system shall meet the following specifications and shall be performed by employees using the following work practices.
1. Specifications:
a. Piping from which insulation will be removed shall be surrounded on 3 sides by rigid framing,
b. A 360 degree water spray, delivered through nozzles supplied by a high pressure separate water line, shall be formed around the piping.
c. The spray shall collide to form a fine aerosol which provides a liquid barrier between workers and the ACM and PACM.
2. Work Practices:
a. The system shall be run for at least 10 minutes before removal begins.
b. All removal shall take place within the barrier.
c. The system shall be operated by at least three persons, one of whom shall not perform removal but shall check equipment, and ensure proper operation of the system.
d. After removal, the ACM and PACM shall be bagged while still inside the water barrier.
(F) A small walk-in enclosure which accommodates no more than two persons (mini-enclosure) may be used if the disturbance or removal can be completely contained by the enclosure, with the following specifications and work practices.
1. Specifications:
a. The fabricated or job-made enclosure shall be constructed of 6 mil plastic or equivalent.
b. The enclosure shall be placed under negative pressure by means of a HEPA filtered vacuum or similar ventilation unit.
2. Work practices:
a. Before use, the mini-enclosure shall be inspected for leaks and smoke-tested to detect breaches, and any breaches sealed.
b. Before reuse, the interior shall be completely washed with amended water and HEPA-vacuumed.
c. During use, air movement shall be directed away from the employee's breathing zone within the mini-enclosure.

(6) Alternative control methods for Class I work. Class I work may be performed using a control method which is not referenced in subsection (g)(5) of this section, or which modifies a control method referenced in subsection (g)(5) of this section, if the following provisions are complied with:
(A) The control method shall enclose, contain or isolate the processes or source of airborne asbestos dust, or otherwise capture or redirect such dust before it enters the breathing zone of employees.
(B) A certified industrial hygienist or licensed professional engineer who is also qualified as a project designer as defined in subsection (b) of this section, shall evaluate the work area, the projected work practices and the engineering controls and shall certify in writing that: the planned control method is adequate to reduce direct and indirect employee exposure to below the PELs under worst-case conditions of use, and that the planned control method will prevent asbestos contamination outside the regulated area, as measured by clearance sampling which meets the requirements of EPA's Asbestos in Schools Rule issued under AHERA, or perimeter monitoring which meets the criteria in subsection (g)(4)(B)2. of this section.
1. Where the TSI or surfacing material to be removed is 25 linear or 10 square feet or less, the evaluation required in subsection (g)(6) of this section may be performed by a "qualified person", and may omit consideration of perimeter or clearance monitoring otherwise required.
2. The evaluation of employee exposure required in subsection (g)(6) of this section, shall include and be based on sampling and analytical data representing employee exposure during the use of such method under worst-case conditions and by employees whose training and experience are equivalent to employees who are to perform the current job.
(7) Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class II work.
(A) All Class II work shall be supervised by a qualified person as defined in subsection (b) of this section.
(B) For all indoor Class II jobs, where the employer has not produced a negative exposure assessment pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, or where during the job, changed conditions indicate there may be exposure above the PEL or where the employer does not remove the ACM in a substantially intact state, the employer shall use one of the following methods to ensure that airborne asbestos does not migrate from the regulated area;

1. Critical barriers shall be placed over all openings to the regulated area; or,
2. The employer shall use another barrier or isolation method which prevents the migration of airborne asbestos from the regulated area, as verified by perimeter area monitoring or clearance monitoring which meets the criteria set out in subsection (g)(4)(B)2. of this section.
(C) Impermeable dropcloths shall be placed on surfaces beneath all removal activity;
(D) All Class II asbestos work shall be performed using the work practices and requirements set out above in subsections (g)(1)(A) through (g)(1)(C) of this section.
(8) Additional Controls for Class II work. Class II asbestos work shall also be performed by complying with the work practices and controls designated for each type of asbestos work to be performed, set out in this subsection. Where more than one control method may be used for a type of asbestos work, the employer may choose one or a combination of designated control methods. Class II work also may be performed using a method allowed for Class I work, except that glove bags and glove boxes are allowed if they fully enclose the Class II material to be removed.
(A) For removing vinyl and asphalt flooring/deck materials which contain ACM or for which, in buildings constructed not later than 1980, the employer has not verified the absence of ACM pursuant to subsection (g)(8)(A)9.: the employer shall ensure that employees comply with the following work practices and that employees are trained in these practices pursuant to subsection (k)(9) of this section:
1. Flooring/deck materials or its backing shall not be sanded.
2. Vacuums equipped with HEPA filter, disposable dust bag, and metal floor tool (no brush) shall be used to clean floors.
3. Resilient sheeting shall be removed by cutting with wetting of the snip point and wetting during delamination. Rip-up of resilient sheet floor material is prohibited.
4. All scraping of residual adhesive and/or backing shall be performed using wet methods.
5. Dry sweeping is prohibited.
6. Mechanical chipping is prohibited unless performed in a negative pressure enclosure which meets the requirements of subsection (g)(5)(A) of this section.
7. Tiles shall be removed intact, unless the employer demonstrates that intact removal is not possible.
8. When tiles are heated and can be removed intact, wetting may be omitted.
9. Resilient flooring/deck material in buildings/vessels constructed no later than 1980, including associated mastic and backing shall be assumed to be asbestos-containing unless an industrial hygienist determines that it is asbestos-free using recognized analytical techniques.
(B) For removing roofing material which contains ACM the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are followed:
1. Roofing material shall be removed in an intact state to the extent feasible.

2. Wet methods shall be used to remove roofing materials,that are not intact, or that will be rendered not intact during removal, unless such wet methods are not feasible or will create safety hazards.
3. Cutting machines shall be continuously misted during use, unless a competent person determines that misting substantially decreases worker safety.
4. When removing built-up roofs with asbestos-containing roofing felts and an aggregate surface using a power roof cutter, all dust resulting from the cutting operation shall be collected by a HEPA dust collector, or shall be HEPA vacuumed by vacuuming along the cut line. When removing built-up roofs with asbestos-containing roofing felts and a smooth surface using a power roof cutter, the dust resulting from the cutting operation shall be collected either by a HEPA dust collector or HEPA vacuuming along the cut line, or by gently sweeping and then carefully and completely wiping up the still-wet dust and debris left along the cut line. The dust and debris shall be immediately bagged or placed in covered containers.
5. Asbestos-containing material that has been removed from a roof shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground. Unless the material is carried or passed to the ground by hand, it shall be lowered to the ground via covered, dust-tight chute, crane or hoist:
a. Any ACM that is not intact shall be lowered to the ground as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift. While the material remains on the roof it shall either be kept wet, placed in an impermeable waste bag, or wrapped in plastic sheeting.
b. Intact ACM shall be lowered to the ground as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift.
6. Upon being lowered, unwrapped material shall be transferred to a closed receptacle in such manner so as to preclude the dispersion of dust.
7. Roof level heating and ventilation air intake sources shall be isolated or the ventilation system shall be shut down.
B. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, removal or repair of sections of intact roofing less than 25 square feet in area does not require use of wet methods or HEPA vacuuming as long as manual methods which do not render the material nonintact are used to remove the material and no visible dust is created by the removal method used. In determining whether a job involves less than 25 square feet, the employer shall include all removal and repair work performed on the same roof on the same day.
(C) When removing cementitious asbestos-containing siding and shingles or transite panels containing ACM on building exteriors (other than roofs, where subsection (g)(8)(B) of this section applies) the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are followed:
1. Cutting, abrading or breaking siding, shingles, or transite panels shall be prohibited unless the employer can demonstrate that methods less likely to result in asbestos fiber release cannot be used.
2. Each panel or shingle shall be sprayed with amended water prior to removal.
3. Unwrapped or unbagged panels or shingles shall be immediately lowered to the ground via covered dust-tight chute, crane or hoist, or placed in an impervious waste bag or wrapped in plastic sheeting and lowered to the ground no later than the end of the work shift.
4. Nails shall be cut with flat, sharp instruments.

(D) When removing gaskets containing ACM, the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are followed:
1. If a gasket is visibly deteriorated and unlikely to be removed intact, removal shall be undertaken within a glovebag as described in subsection (g)(5)(B) of this section.
2. The gasket shall be thoroughly wetted with amended water prior to its removal.
3. The gasket shall be immediately placed in a disposal container.
4. Any scraping to remove residue must be performed wet.
(E) When performing any other Class II removal of asbestos containing material for which specific controls have not been listed in subsections (g)(8)(A) through (D), of this section, the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are complied with.
1. The materials shall be thoroughly wetted with amended water prior to and during its removal.
2. The material shall be removed in an intact state unless the employer demonstrates that intact removal is not possible.
3. Cutting, abrading or breaking the material shall be prohibited unless the employer can demonstrate that methods less likely to result in asbestos fiber release are not feasible.
4. Asbestos-containing materials removed, shall be immediately bagged or wrapped, or kept wetted until transferred to a closed receptacle, no later than the end of the work shift.
(F) Alternative Work Practices and Controls. Instead of the work practices and controls listed in subsections (g)(8)(A) through (E) of this section, the employer may use different or modified engineering and work practice controls if the following provisions are complied with.
1. The employer shall demonstrate by data representing employee exposure during the use of such method under conditions which closely resemble the conditions under which the method is to be used, that employee exposure will not exceed the PELs under any anticipated circumstances.
2. A qualified person shall evaluate the work area, the projected work practices and the engineering controls, and shall certify in writing, that the different or modified controls are adequate to reduce direct and indirect employee exposure to below the PELs under all expected conditions of use and that the method meets the requirements of this standard. The evaluation shall include and be based on data representing employee exposure during the use of such method under conditions which closely resemble the conditions under which the method is to be used for the current job, and by employees whose training and experience are equivalent to employees who are to perform the current job.
(9) Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class III asbestos work. Class III asbestos work shall be conducted using engineering and work practice controls which minimize the exposure to employees performing the asbestos work and to bystander employees.
(A) The work shall be performed using wet methods.
(B) To the extent feasible, the work shall be performed using local exhaust ventilation.

(C) Where the disturbance involves drilling, cutting, abrading, sanding, chipping, breaking, or sawing of thermal system insulation or surfacing material, the employer shall use impermeable dropcloths and shall isolate the operation using mini-enclosures or grove bag systems pursuant to subsection (g)(5) of this section or another isolation method.
(D) Where the employer does not demonstrate by a negative exposure assessment performed in compliance with subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section that the PELs will not be exceeded, or where monitoring results show exceedances of a PEL, the employer shall contain the area using impermeable dropcloths and plastic barriers or their equivalent, or shall isolate the operation using mini-enclosure or glove bag systems pursuant to subsection (g)(5) of this section.
(E) Employees performing Class III jobs which involve the disturbance of TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM or where the employer does not demonstrate by a "negative exposure assessment" in compliance with subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section that the PELs will not be exceeded or where monitoring results show exceedances of the PEL, shall wear respirators which are selected, used and fitted pursuant to provisions of subsection (h) of this section.

(10) Class IV asbestos work. Class IV asbestos jobs shall be conducted by employees trained pursuant to the asbestos training program set out in subsection (k)(9) of this section. In addition, all Class IV jobs shall be conducted in conformity with the requirements set out in subsection (g)(1) of this section, mandating wet methods, HEPA vacuums, and prompt clean up of debris containing ACM or PACM.
(A) Employees cleaning up debris and waste in a regulated area where respirators are required shall wear respirators which are selected, used and fitted pursuant to provisions of subsection (h) of this section.
(B) Employers of employees cleaning up waste and debris in an area where friable TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM is accessible, shall assume that such waste and debris contain asbestos.
(11) Specific compliance methods for brake and clutch repair:
(A) Engineering controls and work practices for brake and clutch repair and service. During automotive brake and clutch inspection, disassembly, repair and assembly operations, the employer shall institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee exposure to materials containing asbestos using a negative pressure enclosure/HEPA vacuum system method or low pressure/wet cleaning method, which meets the detailed requirements set out in Appendix L to this section. The employer way also comply using an equivalent method which follows written procedures which the employer demonstrates can achieve results equivalent to Method A. For facilities in which no more than 5 pairs of brakes or 5 clutches are inspected, disassembled, repaired, or assembled per week, the method set for in subsection [D] of Appendix L to this section may be used.
(B) The employer may also comply by using an equivalent method which follows written procedures, which the employer demonstrates can achieve equivalent exposure reductions as do the two "preferred methods." Such demonstration must include monitoring data conducted under workplace conditions closely resembling the process, type of asbestos containing materials, control method, work practices and environmental conditions under which the equivalent method will be used, or objective data, which document that under all reasonably foreseeable conditions of brake and clutch repair applications, the method results in exposures which are equivalent to the methods set out in Appendix L to this section.
(12) Alternative methods of compliance for installation, removal, repair, and maintenance of certain roofing materials and pipeline coating materials. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an employer who complies with all provisions of this subsection (g)(12) when installing, removing, repairing, or maintaining intact pipeline asphaltic wrap, or roof cements, mastics, coatings, or flashings which contain asbestos fibers encapsulated or coated by bituminous or resinous compounds shall be deemed to be in compliance with this section. If an employer does not comply with all provisions of this subsection (g)(12), or if during the course of the job the material does not remain intact, the provisions of subsection (g)(8) of this section apply instead of this subsection (g)(12).
(A) Before work begins and as needed during the job, a qualified person who is capable of identifying asbestos hazards in the workplace and selecting the appropriate control strategy for asbestos exposure, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate such hazards, shall conduct an inspection of the worksite and determine that the roofing material is intact and will likely remain intact.
(B) All employees performing work covered by this subsection (g)(12) shall be trained in a training program that meets the requirements of subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section.

(C) The material shall not be sanded, abraded, or ground. Manual methods which do not render the material non-intact shall be used.
(D) Material that has been removed from a roof shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground. Unless the material is carried or passed to the ground by hand, it shall be lowered to the ground via covered, dust-tight chute, crane or hoist. All such material shall be removed from the roof as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift.
(E) Where roofing products which have been labeled as containing asbestos pursuant to subsection (k)(8) of this section are installed on non-residential roofs during operations covered by this subsection (g)(12), the employer shall notify the building owner of the presence and location of such materials no later than the end of the job.
(F) All removal or disturbance of pipeline asphaltic wrap shall be performed using wet methods.
(h) Respiratory protection.
(1) General. For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide respirators that comply with the requirements of this subsection. Respirators must be used during:
(A) Class I asbestos work.
(B) Class II asbestos work where the ACM is not removed in a substantially intact state.
(C) Class II and III asbestos work which is not performed using wet methods, provided, however, that respirators need not be worn during removal of ACM from sloped roofs when a negative exposure assessment has been made and the ACM is removed in an intact state.
(D) Class II and III asbestos work for which a "negative exposure assessment" has not been conducted.
(E) Class III asbestos work where TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM is being disturbed.
(F) Class IV asbestos work performed within regulated areas where employees performing other work are required to wear respirators.

(G) Work operations covered by this section where employees are exposed above the TWA or excursion limit.
(H) Emergencies.
(2) Respirator program.
(A) The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with section 5144 (b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(C)), and (f) through (m).
(B) No employee shall be assigned to asbestos work that requires respirator use if, based on their most recent medical examination, the examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally while using a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by the employee's respirator use. Such employees must be assigned to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different position that they can perform. If such a transfer position is available, it must be with the same employer, in the same geographic area, and with the same seniority, status, rate of pay, and other job benefits the employee had just prior to such transfer.

(3) Respirator selection.
(A) The employer shall select the appropriate respirator as specified in Table 1.
(B) The employer shall provide a tight fitting powered, air- purifying respirator in lieu of any negative-pressure respirator specified in Table 1 whenever:
1. An employee chooses to use this type of respirator; and
2. this respirator will provide adequate protection to the employee.
Table 1 Respiratory Protection for Asbestos Fibers


Airborne concentration of asbestos
or conditions of use Required respirator
Not in excess of 1 f/cc Half-mask air purifying respirator

(10 X PEL), or otherwise other than a disposable respirator,
as required independent equipped with high efficiency
of exposure pursuant to filters.
(h)(2)(D) of this section.
Not in excess of 5 f/cc Full facepiece air-purifying
(50 X PEL). respirator equipped with high
efficiency filters.
Not in excess of 10 f/cc Any powered air-purifying
(100 X PEL). respirator equipped with high
efficiency filters or any
supplied air respirator operated
in continuous flow mode.
Not in excess of 100 f/cc Full facepiece supplied air
(1,000 X PEL). respirator operated in pressure
demand mode.
Greater than 100 f/cc Full facepiece supplied air
(1,000 X PEL) or unknown respirator operated in pressure
concentration. demand mode, equipped with
an auxiliary positive pressure
self-contained breathing
apparatus.


Note: a. Respirators assigned for high environmental concentrations may be used at lower concentrations, or when required respirator use is independent of concentration.
Note: b. A high efficiency filter means a filter that is at least 99.97 percent efficient against mono-dispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter or larger.
(C) In addition to the above selection criteria, the employer shall provide a tight-fitting air purifying respirator equipped with high efficiency filters or a full facepiece supplied air respirator operated in the pressure demand mode equipped with HEPA egress cartridges or an auxiliary positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus for all employees within the regulated area where Class I work is being performed for which a negative exposure assessment has not been produced and, the exposure assessment indicates the exposure level will not exceed 1 f/cc, as an 8-hour time weighted average. A full facepiece supplied air respirator operated in the pressure demand mode equipped with an auxiliary positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided under such conditions, if the exposure assessment indicates exposure levels above 1 f/cc as an 8-hour time weighted average.
(D) In addition to the above selection criteria, when employees are in a regulated area where Class I work is being performed, a negative exposure assessment of the area has not been produced, and the exposure assessment of the area indicates the exposure level will not exceed 1 f/cc as an 8-hour time weighted average, employers must provide the employees with one of the following respirators:
1. A tight-fitting powdered air-purifying respirator equipped with high efficiency filters;
2. A full facepiece supplied-air respirator operated in the pressure-demand mode equipped with HEPA egress cartridges; or
3. A full facepiece supplied-air respirator operated in the pressure-demand mode equipped with an auxiliary positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. A full facepiece supplied-air respirator operated in the pressure-demand mode equipped with an auxiliary positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided under such conditions when the exposure assessment indicates exposure levels above 1 f/cc as an 8-hour time weighted average.
(i) Protective clothing.
(1) General. The employer shall provide and require the use of protective clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole-body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any employee exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos that exceed the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in subsection (c) of this section, or for which a required negative exposure assessment is not produced, or for any employee performing Class I operations which involve the removal of over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM.
(2) Laundering.
(A) The employer shall ensure that laundering of contaminated clothing is done so as to prevent the release of airborne asbestos in excess of the TWA or excursion limit prescribed in subsection (c) of this section.
(B) Any employer who gives contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement in subsection (i)(2)(A) of this section to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos in excess of the TWA excursion limit prescribed in subsection (c) of this section.
(3) Contaminated clothing. Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and be labeled in accordance with subsection (k) of this section.
(4) Inspection of protective clothing.
(A) The qualified person shall examine worksuits worn by employees at least once per workshift for rips or tears that may occur during performance of work.
(B) When rips or tears are detected while an employee is working, rips and tears shall be immediately mended, or the worksuit shall be immediately replaced.
(j) Hygiene facilities and practices for employees.
(1) Requirements for employees performing Class I asbestos jobs involving over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM and PACM.

(A) Decontamination areas: For all Class I jobs involving over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM, the employer shall establish a decontamination area that is adjacent and connected to the regulated area for the decontamination of such employees. The decontamination area shall consist of an equipment room, shower area, and clean room in series. The employer shall ensure that employees enter and exit the regulated area through the decontamination area.
1. Equipment room. The equipment room shall be supplied with impermeable, labeled-bags and containers for the containment and disposal of contaminated protective equipment.
2. Shower area. Shower facilities shall be provided which comply with Section 3366(f) of the General Industry Safety Orders, unless the employer can demonstrate that they are not feasible. The showers shall be adjacent both to the equipment room and the clean room, unless the employer can demonstrate that this location is not feasible. Where the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to locate the shower between the equipment room and the clean room, or where the work is performed outdoors, or when the work involving asbestos exposure takes place on board a ship, the employer shall ensure that employees:

A. Remove asbestos contamination from their worksuits in the equipment room using a HEPA vacuum before proceeding to a shower that is not adjacent to the work area; or
B. Remove their contaminated worksuits in the equipment room, then don clean worksuits, and proceed to a shower that is not adjacent to the work area.
3. Clean change room. The clean room small be equipped with a locker or appropriate storage container for each employee's use. When the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to provide a clean change area adjacent to the work area, or where the work is performed outdoors, or when the work takes place aboard a ship, the employer may permit employees engaged in Class I asbestos jobs to clean their protective clothing with a portable HEPA-equipped vacuum before such employees leave the regulated area. Following showering, such employees however must then change into street clothing in clean change areas provided by the employer which otherwise meet the requirements of this section.
(B) Decontamination area entry procedures. The employer shall ensure that employees:

1. Enter the decontamination area through the clean room;
2. Remove and deposit street clothing within a locker provided for their use;
3. Put on protective clothing and respiratory protection before leaving the clean room; and
4. Before entering the regulated area, the employer shall ensure that employees pass through the equipment room.
(C) Decontamination area exit procedures. The employer shall ensure that:
1. Before leaving the regulated area, employees shall remove all gross contamination and debris from their protective clothing.
2. Employees shall remove their protective clothing in the equipment room and deposit the clothing in labeled impermeable bags or containers.
3. Employees shall not remove their respirators in the equipment room.

4. Employees shall shower prior to entering the clean room.
5. After showering, employees shall enter the clean room before changing into street clothes.
(D) Lunch Areas. Whenever food or beverages are consumed at the worksite where employees are performing Class I asbestos work, the employer shall provide lunch areas in which the airborne concentrations of asbestos are below the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit.
(2) Requirements for Class I work involving less than 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing and PACM, and for Class II and Class III asbestos work operations where exposures exceed a PEL or where there is no negative exposure assessment produced before the operation.
(A) The employer shall establish an equipment room or area that is adjacent to the regulated area for the decontamination of employees and their equipment which is contaminated with asbestos which shall consist of an area covered by a impermeable drop cloth on the floor/deck or horizontal working surface.
(B) The area must be of sufficient size as to accommodate cleaning of equipment and removing personal protective equipment without spreading contamination beyond the area (as determined by visible accumulations).
(C) Work-clothing must be cleaned with a HEPA vacuum before it is removed.
(D) All equipment and surfaces of containers filled with ACM must be cleaned prior to removing them from the equipment room or area.
(E) The employer shall ensure that employees enter and exit the regulated area through the equipment room or area.
(3) Requirements for Class IV work. Employers shall ensure that employees performing Class IV work within a regulated area comply with the hygiene practice required of employees performing work which has a higher classification within that regulated area. Otherwise employers of employees cleaning up debris and material which is TSI or surfacing ACM or identified as PACM shall provide decontamination facilities for such employees which are required by subsection (j)(2) of this section.
(4) Smoking in work areas. The employer shall ensure that employees do not smoke in work areas where they are occupationally exposed to asbestos because of activities in that work area.
(k) Communication of hazards.
(1) This section applies to the communication of information concerning asbestos hazards in shipyard employment activities to facilitate compliance with this standard. Most asbestos-related shipyard activities involve previously installed building materials. Building/vessel owners often are the only and/or best sources of information concerning them. Therefore, they, along with employers of potentially exposed employees, are assigned specific information conveying and retention duties under this section.
Installed Asbestos Containing Building/Vessel Material: Employers and building/vessel owners shall identify TSI and sprayed or troweled on surfacing materials as asbestos-containing unless the employer, by complying with subsection (k)(5) of this section determines that the material is not asbestos-containing. Asphalt or vinyl flooring/decking material installed in buildings or vessels no later than 1980 must also be considered as asbestos containing unless the employer/owner, pursuant to subsection (g)(8)(A)9. of this section determines it is not asbestos containing. If the employer or building/vessel owner has actual knowledge or should have known, through the exercise of due diligence, that materials other than TSI and sprayed-on or troweled-on surfacing materials are asbestos-containing, they must be treated as such. When communicating information to employees pursuant to this standard, owners and employers shall identify "PACM" as ACM. Additional requirements relating to communication of asbestos work on multi- employer worksites are set out in subsection (d) of this standard.
(2) Duties of building/vessel and facility owners.
(A) Before work subject to this standard is begun, building/vessel and facility owners shall determine the presence, location, and quantity of ACM and/or PACM at the work site pursuant to this subsection (k)(1) of this section.
(B) Building/vessel and/or facility owners shall notify the following persons of the presence, location and quantity of ACM or PACM, at work sites in their buildings/facilities/vessels. Notification either shall be in writing or shall consist of a personal communication between the owner and the person to whom notification must be given or their authorized representatives:
1. Prospective employers applying or bidding for work whose employees reasonably can be expected to work in or adjacent to areas containing such material;
2. Employees of the owner who will work in or adjacent to areas containing such material;
3. On multi-employer worksites, all employers of employees who will be performing work within or adjacent to areas containing such materials; and
4. Tenants who will occupy areas containing such materials.
(3) Duties of employers whose employees perform work subject to this standard in or adjacent to areas containing ACM and PACM. Building/vessel and facility owners whose employees perform such work shall comply with these provisions to the extent applicable.
(A) Before work in areas containing ACM and PACM is begun, employers shall identify the presence, location, and quantity of ACM, and/or PACM therein pursuant to subsection (k)(1) of this section.
(B) Before work under this standard is performed employers of employees who will perform such work shall inform the following persons of the location and quantity of ACM and/or PACM present at the work site and the precautions to be taken to insure that airborne asbestos is confined to the area:
1. Owners of the building/vessel or facility; and
2. Employees who will perform such work and employers of employees who work and/or will be working in adjacent areas.
(C) Within 10 days of the completion of such work, the employer whose employees have performed work subject to this standard, shall inform the building/vessel or facility owner and employers of employees who will be working in the area of the current location and quantity of PACM and/or ACM remaining in the former regulated area and final monitoring results, if any.
(4) In addition to the above requirements, all employers who discover ACM and/or PACM on a work site shall convey information concerning the presence, location and quantity of such newly discovered ACM and/or PACM to the owner and to other employers of employees working at the work site, within 24 hours of the discovery.
(5) Criteria to rebut the designation of installed material as PACM.

(A) At any time, an employer and/or building/vessel owner may demonstrate, for purposes of this standard, that PACM does not contain asbestos. Building/vessel owners and/or employers are not required to communicate information about the presence of building material for which such a demonstration pursuant to the requirements of subsection (k)(5)(B) of this section has been made. However, in all such cases, the information, data and analysis supporting the determination that PACM does not contain asbestos, shall be retained pursuant to subsection (n) of this section.
(B) An employer or owner may demonstrate that PACM does not contain more than 1% asbestos by the following:
1. Having a completed inspection conducted pursuant to the requirements of AHERA (40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E) which demonstrates that the material is not ACM or;
2. Performing tests of the material containing PACM which demonstrate that no ACM is present in the material. Such tests shall include analysis of bulk samples collected in the manner described in 40 CFR 763.86. The tests, evaluation and sample collection shall be conducted by an accredited inspector or by a CIH. Analysis of samples shall be performed by persons or laboratories with proficiency demonstrated by current successful participation in a nationally recognized testing program such as the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) or the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) or the Round Robin for bulk samples administered by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), or an equivalent nationally-recognized round robin testing program.
(C) The employer and/or building/ vessel owner may demonstrate that flooring material including associated mastic and backing does not contain asbestos, by a determination of an industrial hygienist based upon recognized analytical techniques showing that the material is not ACM.
(6) At the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas in which employees reasonably can be expected to enter and which contain TSI or surfacing ACM and/or PACM, the building/vessel owner shall post signs which identify the material which is present, its location, and appropriate work practices which, if followed, will ensure that ACM and/or PACM will not be disturbed. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with these signs can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs, graphics, and awareness training.

(7) Signs.
(A) Warning signs that demarcate the regulated area shall be provided and displayed at each location where a regulated area is required to be established by subsection (e) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area marked by the signs.
(B) 1. The warning signs required by subsection (k)(7) of this section shall bear the following information.
DANGER ASBESTOS CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

2. In addition, where the use of respirators and protective clothing is required in the regulated area under this section, the warning signs shall include the following:
RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA

(C) The employer shall ensure that employees working in and contiguous to regulated areas comprehend the warning signs required to be posted by Subsection (k)(7)(A) of this section. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs and graphics.
(8) Labels.
(A) Labels shall be affixed to all products containing asbestos and to all containers containing such products, including waste containers. Where feasible, installed asbestos products shall contain a visible label.
(B) Labels shall be printed in large, bold letters on a contrasting background.
(C) Labels shall be used in accordance with the requirements of Section 5194(f) of the General Industry Safety Orders, and shall contain the following information:
DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE
HAZARD

(D) Labels shall contain a warning statement against breathing asbestos fibers.

(E) The provisions for labels required by subsections (k)(8)(A) through (k)(8)(C) of this section do not apply where:
1. Asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material, provided that the manufacturer can demonstrate that, during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit will be released, or
2. Asbestos is present in a waste product in concentrations less than 1.0 percent.
Note: Section 5194 of the General Industry Safety Orders requires that manufactured and imported products containing more than 0.1% asbestos by weight be labeled with an appropriate warning. The exemption specified in subsection (k)(7)(E) only applies to waste products or waste containers.
(F) When a building/vessel owner/or employer identifies previously installed PACM and/or ACM, labels or signs shall be affixed or posted so that employees will be notified of what materials contain PACM and/or ACM. The employer shall attach such labels in areas where they will clearly be noticed by employees who are likely to be exposed, such as at the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas. Signs required by subsection (k)(7) of this section may be posted in lieu of labels so long as long as they contain information required for labelling. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with these signs or labels can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs, graphics, and awareness training.
(9) Employee Information and Training.
(A) The employer shall, at no cost to the employee, institute a training program for all employees who are likely to be exposed in excess of a PEL and for all employees who perform Class I through IV asbestos operations, and shall ensure their participation in the program.
(B) Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.
(C) Training for Class I operations and for Class II operations that require the use of critical barriers (or equivalent isolation methods) and/or negative pressure enclosures under this section shall be the equivalent in curriculum, training method and length to the EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) asbestos abatement workers training (40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, Appendix C).
(D) Training for other Class II work.
1. For work with asbestos containing material involving roofing materials, flooring materials, siding materials, ceiling tiles, or transite panels, training shall include at a minimum all the elements included in subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section and in addition, the specific work practices and engineering controls set forth in subsection (g) of this section which specifically relate to that category. Such course shall include "hands-on" training and shall take at least 8 hours.
2. An employee who works with more than one of the categories of material specified in subsection (k)(9)(D)1. of this section shall receive training in the work practices applicable to each category of material that the employee removes and each removal method that the employee uses.
3. For Class II operations not involving the categories of material specified in subsection (k)(9)(D)1. of this section, training shall be provided which shall include at a minimum all the elements included in subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section and in addition, the specified work practices and engineering controls set forth in subsection (g) of this section which specifically relate to the category of material being removed, and shall include "hands-on" training in the work practices applicable to each category of material that the employee removes and each removal method that the employee uses.
(E) Training for Class III employees shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(2). Such a course shall also include "hands-on" training and shall take at least 16 hours.
(F) Training for employees performing Class IV operations shall be consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92(a)(1). Such a course shall include available information concerning the locations of thermal system insulation and surfacing ACM/PACM, and asbestos-containing flooring material, or flooring material where the absence of asbestos has not yet been certified; and instruction in recognition of damage, deterioration, and delamination of asbestos containing building materials. Such course shall take at least 2 hours.

(G) Training for employees who are likely to be exposed in excess of the PEL and who are not otherwise required to be trained under subsection (k)(9)(C) through (F) of this section, shall meet the requirements of subsection (k)(9)(H) of this section.
(H) The training program shall be conducted in a manner that the employee is able to understand. In addition to the content required by provisions in subsections (k)(9)(C) through (F) of this section, the employer shall ensure that each such employee is informed of the following:
1. Methods of recognizing asbestos, including the requirement in subsection (k)(1) of this section to presume that certain building materials contain asbestos;
2. The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;
3. The relationship between smoking and asbestos in producing lung cancer;
4. The nature of operations that could result in exposure to asbestos, the importance of necessary protective controls to minimize exposure including, as applicable, engineering controls, work practices, respirators, housekeeping procedures, hygiene facilities, protective clothing, decontamination procedures, emergency procedures, and waste disposal procedures, and any necessary instruction in the use of these controls and procedures; where Class III and IV work will be or is performed, the contents of EPA 20T-2003, "Managing Asbestos In-Place" July 1990 or its equivalent in content;
5. The purpose, proper use, fitting instructions, and limitations of respirators as required by section 1531;
6. The appropriate work practices for performing the asbestos job;
7. Medical surveillance program requirements;
8. The content of this standard including appendices;
9. The names, addresses and phone numbers of public health organizations which provide information, materials and/or conduct programs concerning smoking cessation. The employer may distribute the list of such organizations contained in Appendix J to this section to comply with this requirement; and
10. The requirements for posting signs and affixing labels and the meaning of the required legends for such signs and labels.
(10) Access to training materials.
(A) The employer shall make readily available to affected employees without cost, written materials relating to the employee training program, including a copy of this regulation. (continued)