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(e) The spread of the jaws of a high lead shackle shall fit the yoke or swivel.
(f) Shackles, swivels, links, and rigging plates, when they are obviously worn or misshaped so that they will not safely support the imposed strain, shall be replaced or repaired.
(g) Molles or cold shuts shall not be used in butt rigging. All swivels shall be operative.
(h) All butt hooks on donkey rigging shall be of the closed or slotted type.
(i) Where clevises or shackles are used for connections, they shall be of the screw pin or lock nut type.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6303. General.
(a) Overhead protection and necessary screens or barriers, of sufficient strength and dimension to afford adequate protection for the operator, shall be provided on or above all logging machines. Such devices shall be constructed so that they do not substantially impair the operator's view.
(b) Substantial barriers or bulkheads that protect the operator shall be provided on all logging machines when the design, location, or use of such machines exposes the operators to materials or loads being handled. Such barriers or bulkheads shall be of adequate size, capable of withstanding the impact of the materials handled.
(c) Machines, sleds, or bases shall be designed and constructed for their intended purposes; machines shall be securely anchored to their bases.
(d) Mobile logging machine brakes shall be capable of stopping and holding the machine on any grade on which it is being operated or parked. The brakes shall be effective in any direction of travel regardless of whether the engine is running. Mobile logging machines shall also be equipped with a brake locking device.
(e) Controls shall be maintained in good operating condition.
(f) Exhaust pipes shall be located or guarded so that employees are not endangered by accidental contact with them.
(g) Brakes or dogs shall be installed on all hoist drums.
(1) Brakes shall be maintained in effective working condition.
(2) Brake linings shall be of materials designed for this purpose.
(3) Brake levers shall be provided with a ratchet or other equally effective means for securely holding the drums.
(4) Brakes shall be protected from direct exposure to the elements, or shall be of design or construction which renders them impervious to such exposure.
(5) At the start of each shift, operators shall test brakes before taking any full load.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6304. Mobile Yarders and Loaders.
(a) All mobile yarders and loaders shall be designed and constructed to withstand the expected strains imposed on them when they are in operation.
(b) Conversion of cranes, shovels, etc., into yarders or loaders shall be made in conformity with these Orders.
(c) Necessary guylines and/or outriggers shall be provided and used to effectively prevent masts, booms, A-frames, etc., from tipping or overturning.
(d) The manufacturer's recommendation for line sizes, rigging and guying, if in compliance with the applicable safety orders, shall be followed, and the rated capacity of the machine shall not be exceeded.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6305. A-Frames, Towers, Masts, Etc.
(a) A-frames, towers, and masts shall be of design and construction that provides adequate structural strength, and of sufficient vertical clearance or height for positive control of material or loads.
(b) The apex and base of A-frames and similar devices shall be secured to prevent displacement.
(c) The A-frame shall be guyed with two back guys and one front guy or snap line. In lieu of a snap line, a back stiff leg may be used.
(d) Where mobile A-frames, towers, masts, or similar devices are used, all rigging on such devices shall be inspected; worn or defective parts shall be replaced or repaired before the devices are raised or used on each respective setting.
(e) Rigging shall conform to the requirements of Article 7.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6308. Tractors and Arches.
(a) When blades afford overturning protection, they shall be used on all tractors that are used for yarding.
(b) Tractor brakes shall be sufficient to hold the machine on any grade over which it is being operated, and shall be kept in good repair. The braking system shall be effective whether or not the engine is running, and regardless of the direction of travel. A parking brake or a device to hold the service brakes in the applied position shall be provided.
(c) Running boards or fenders used to enter or leave the tractor shall be of nonslip-type metal or covered with nonslip-type material.
(d) Approved respirators or dust masks shall be provide for tractor operators during dusty operating conditions.
(e) The guiding of lines by hand onto tractor drums is prohibited, except when new lines are installed.
(f) Arches shall be equipped with line guards. These shall be arranged to prevent a whipping action if the line breaks. When a coupling is attached above the drum, it shall be secured by a safety strap to prevent the arch from running forward if the coupling breaks.
(g) Riding on arches, reaches, or logs, or on any part of a tractor, except in the driver's compartment is prohibited.
(h) Employees shall not stand upon the track of a logging tractor or arch unless they are required to do so by the nature of the work they are doing, and then only when there is no danger of the tractor moving.
(i) Movements of tractors used around employees shall be regulated by hand signals. Signaling by means of throwing objects in the air is prohibited.
Note: See Appendix A for recommended tractor hand signals.
(j) Ball hooting is prohibited.
(k) Knots shall not be used for connecting separate lengths of drum line.
( l) If a tractor is equipped with multiple drums and operated as a logging machine, it shall have a roof and comply with Section 6303.
(m) Winch lines on logging tractors or skidders shall be attached to the drums with a breakaway device.
(n) Where knots are permitted, the strand ends shall not be over 2 inches long.
(o) Chokers shall be positioned near the end of the log or tree length to allow turning of the tractor preventing the penetration of the operator station and reducing the possibility of striking the wheel or track.
(p) Provisions shall be made to securely fasten and protect all tools and material on the carrier.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6309. Canopies. Rollover, Jill Poke and Overhead Guard Protection.
(a) Every tractor, skidder, scraper, motor-grader and front-end loader, which is subjected to the breaking lines, or rocks, shall be equipped with a canopy that is designed, constructed, and installed in compliance with SAE Recommended Practice J-231 to protect the operator against falling objects. The canopy shall be of construction that allows the driver maximum possible visibility. For this purpose, the forward 18 inches may be of woven wire, expanded metal, materials such as certain clear polycarbonates, or other materials which provide equivalent or greater protection and visibility; such materials shall meet or exceed the performance criteria of SAE J-231.
(b) Unless previously approved by the Division, all canopies installed after April 1, 1971, shall be designed and constructed to provide protection in the event of rollover, and shall be in compliance with SAE Recommended Practice J-1040-c.
(c) Each canopy shall bear a label with the following information:
(1) Name and address of manufacturer.
(2) Canopy model number.
(3) Make and model of equipment for which the canopy is designed.
(4) A statement of compliance with SAE Recommended Practice J-1040-c and J-231; or California approval number, if any; or Fed OSHA 1926.1000(c)(2).
(d) Labels shall be stamped plates or other permanently attached means of identification, and shall not be obscured, obliterated, or changed.
(e) There shall be shear or brush deflector guards extending from the leading edge of the canopy to the front part of the tractor frame or radiator guard. One year after the effective date of these Orders, in work environments where there exists the hazard of jill poking (intrusion of spring poles, brush, etc., into the operator's compartment), side and front shielding shall be provided to protect the operator from this hazard. Structurers which meet requirements of SAE J-1084 will satisfy this requirement.
(f) The opening in the rear of the structure shall be covered with 1/4-inch woven wire of no more than 2-inch mesh. Materials such as certain clear polycarbonates, laminated safety glass, or other plastics which provide equivalent or greater protection and visibility, may be substituted for wire mesh material. This covering shall be affixed to the structural members to afford ample clearance for the movements of the operator's deck or the top of the fuel tank. The structural members shall have smooth, rounded edges and the covering shall be free of protuberances that could puncture or tear flesh or clothing.
(g) Other openings in the structure may be protected with the same materials listed in Subsection (f), provided that such protection does not interfere with the operator's vision or movement during the machine's operation.
(h) Seat belts meeting the requirements of SAE J-386-a shall be provided and used on all equipment for which rollover protective structures (ROPS) are installed and employees shall be instructed in their use.
Note: The use of an approved body belt or harness, controlled by an inertia reel to hold the operator in place during rollover, will satisfy the seat belt requirement.
(i) Forklift trucks used in logging operations as defined in Section 6248 shall be equipped with an overhead guard which is labeled or marked as meeting the requirements of the ASME B56.6-1992, "Safety Standard for Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks".
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6312. Design and Construction.
(a) Portable metal spars shall be of sufficient strength to support the actual dead and estimated live loads acting on them.
(b) Evenly spaced fittings that accommodate no less than six top guys shall be provided on all vertical portable metal spars.
(c) Fittings that accommodate no less than three evenly spaced back guys and one nose, or snap guy shall be provided on all leaning portable metal spars.
(d) All lines, blocks, and fairleads shall be located so that there is no chafing or sawing of any line or part of the structure.
(e) The machine operator, while engaged in yarding or swinging, shall be protected by roof and barricades as required by Section 6303.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6313. Identification and Capacity Markings.
Each portable metal spar shall have identification and specification plates permanently attached to its base, in a position that can be easily read by a person standing on the ground or on the base platform. Plates shall contain the following information:
(a) Name of manufacturer, city and state where manufactured.
(b) Model number.
(c) Maximum size of mainline for which the spar is designed.
(d) Number and size of guylines and any other lines required.
(e) Maximum size of skyline, mainline, and haulback line that can be used if the spar is designed for a skyline, slackline, or modified slackline system.
(f) Maximum and minimum inclination at which the spar is designed to be operated.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6314. Erecting, Lowering, and Moving.
(a) All persons not engaged in the actual raising or lowering of portable metal spars shall stay clear of these operations.
(b) The manufacturer's written instructions on the proper method of raising, lowering, and tightening guylines for each particular model of portable metal spar shall be followed.
(c) A competent person shall direct each raising and lowering of each portable metal spar.
(d) Where guylines are required in raising and lowering, great care shall be used to prevent fouling of or excess tension in the line.
(e) A stable base shall be provided under outriggers or leveling pads in soft ground.
(f) During movement of the portable metal spar, the spar shall be lowered or adequately supported so that the stability of the machine is not impaired. Adequate brakes or an equally effective means for holding the machine on any grade over which it may operate or travel shall be provided and used.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6315. Guying of Spars.
(a) Vertical portable metal spars shall be guyed with no less than six guylines, each providing strength equal to that of the mainline used.
(b) Guylines shall be arranged so that stresses are imposed on no less than two guylines.
(c) Leaning portable metal spars 55 feet or more in length from base or trunnion shall be guyed with no less than three back guys, each at least equal in strength to that of the mainline used. Guys shall be arranged so that strains are imposed on no less than two back guylines. In addition, one nose, or snap guy of equal strength to the mainline, or a means providing equivalent stability, shall be used.
(d) Leaning portable metal spars less than 55 feet in length from base or trunnion, when used with mainline or skyline smaller than 1 1/8-inch diameter, shall be guyed with no less than two back guys, each of strength at least equal to line 1/4-inch larger than the mainline used. Back guys shall be arranged to form an angle 70-90 degrees with each other and opposite the direction of stress. In addition, one nose, or snap guy of the same size used for the back guys, or a means providing equivalent stability, shall be used. When used with mainlines 1 1/8-inch diameter, or larger, such spars shall be guyed as required in (c).
(e) Boom-type machines used for yarding, which are specifically designed to be self-stabilizing, may be used without guying. When the stability of the machine is impaired in any manner, the machine shall be guyed.
(f) Any additional guying recommended by the spar manufacturer shall be used.
(g) Guylines shall be anchored as required in Section 6295, except they may be choked around adequately notched stumps when shackles or approved choker attachments are used. If cable clamps are used, two full wraps or more must be placed around an adequately notched stump to secure the guyline.
(h) Stress bearing guylines should be anchored to provide a guyline angle no steeper than 45 degrees from horizontal.
(i) Safety straps or other devices of appropriate size and design shall be installed at the top of the spar to prevent guylines from falling.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6316. Use.
(a) Portable metal spars shall not be used for any purpose for which they have not been designed and constructed.
(b) Swinging or yarding with a V lead is prohibited, except under the following conditions:
(1) No additional hazards to the logging machine operator, or to other workers in the area, will be created by this operating procedure.
(2) The spar shall be equipped with fairleads for both main and haulback lines.
(3) The mainline and haulback drums shall be located no more than 25 feet from the base of the spar.
(4) No less than six guylines shall be used.
(5) Each guyline on the side opposite the direction of stresses imposed by yarding or swinging must have a breaking strength at least 20 percent greater than that of the mainline used; or one extra guyline at least equal in strength to the mainline used must be placed to oppose the stresses imposed by yarding or swinging in a V lead, and when the lead is changed, the required extra guyline must be repositioned to oppose the stresses of this changed direction of pull.
Note: These requirements for additional strength guylines or an extra guyline do not apply to those spars where the mainline and haulback drums are located within the base of the spar, or where lines from these drums are led through sheaves located within the base of the spar. For purposes of determining guyline requirements only, this method of leading main and haulback lines is not considered as creating a V lead.
(c) No yarding or swinging in a V lead shall be performed at less than an angle of 70 degrees formed between the logging machine, fairlead, and the yarding or swing road on either side of the spar, unless the logging machine is controlled in a manner that permits the operator to be stationed in a safe place.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6317. Inspection, Repair and Maintenance.
(a) Portable metal spars and their component parts shall be inspected by a person designated by the employer as qualified by experience and training to perform this specific work; the inspection shall be made each time the spar is lowered and any time its safe condition is in doubt. If damage from overstress is noted or suspected, the part in question shall be inspected by a suitable method and defective parts shall be repaired or replaced before the spar is again used. All lines, including guylines, shall also be inspected, and any wire rope that is worn or damaged beyond the point of safety shall be repaired or replaced.
Note: See Section 6297.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
These Orders shall establish minimum safety standards for the use of
helicopters during the yarding of logs and similar operations in the logging
industry.
s 6320. General.
(a) Prior to working in each new area of operation, a briefing shall be conducted. This briefing shall set forth the plan of operation for the pilots and ground personnel.
Exception: Emergency operations involving immediate hazard to life or property.
(b) A Code of Safe Practices shall be formulated and adhered to for operations involving the use of a helicopter. This code shall include, but is not limited to, the safe practices presented in the Appendix to the Logging and Sawmill Safety Orders.
(c) Helicopter operations shall not be performed beyond the helicopter's or pilot's certification. The pilot's employer shall make sure before operations begin that the pilot is properly certificated by the F.A.A. to perform the planned operations.
(d) Good housekeeping shall be maintained in all helicopter loading, unloading, fueling, and maintenance areas.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6321. Rigging.
(a) Loads shall be properly slung.
(b) Taglines shall be of a length and/or properly weighted so that they can not be drawn up into the rotors. Pressed sleeves, swedged eyes or the equivalent shall be used for all freely suspended loads.
(c) Taglines shall be long enough to allow helicopters to remain above all obstacles.
(d) All electrically operated cargo hooks shall have the electrical activating device designed and installed to prevent inadvertent operation.
(e) Cargo hooks shall be equipped with an emergency mechanical, electrical, or manual control for releasing the load.
(f) The employer shall ensure that cargo hooks are tested prior to each day's operation by a competent person to determine that the release functions properly, both electrically and mechanically.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6322. Hooking and Unhooking Loads.
(a) The size and weight of loads, and the manner in which loads are to be connected to the helicopter, shall be checked prior to loading.
(b) The employer shall take all necessary precautions to protect employees from flying objects thrown by the rotor downwash.
(c) All loose equipment susceptible to rotor downwash shall be secured or removed.
(d) Log pickup shall be arranged so that the hookup crew does not work on slopes directly below the logs being picked up.
(e) If the load must be lightened, the hook shall be held at eye level on the uphill side of the turn before the hooker approaches to release the excess logs.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6323. Landings.
(a) The landings drop zone shall be twice the nominal length of logs to be yarded. This zone shall be not less than 125 feet from the loading or decking area.
(b) Flight paths to the landing shall be clear and long enough to prevent tree tops from being pulled into the landing.
(c) Only authorized, qualified personnel shall be allowed in the log-landing and fueling areas.
(d) Logs shall not be landed in the landing crew working area. The landing crew will remain clear of the drop area when logs are being landed.
(e) Landings shall be watered down, or other means employed, to control dusty conditions.
(f) Separate areas shall be designed and used for landing logs and fueling helicopters.
(g) Warning signs shall be posted at all approaches to log-landing and fueling areas.
(h) Except in an emergency, one end of all the logs in the turn shall be touching the ground and lowered to an angle of no more than 45 degrees from the horizontal before the chokers are released.
(i) Logs will be laid on the ground and the helicopter will be completely free of the chokers before the workers approach the logs.
(j) If the load does not release from the hook, the load shall be laid on the ground and the hook remain at eye level before the workers approach to release the hook manually.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6324. Ground Personnel.
(a) Helicopter approach and departure zones shall be designated, and no equipment or personnel shall occupy these areas during helicopter arrival or departure.
(b) A take-off path from the log pickup point shall be established, and shall be made known to all workers in that area before the first turn of logs is moved.
(c) If the take-off path is to be changed to a different direction, all workers in the log pickup area shall be made aware of the change before the first turn of logs is moved.
(d) Sufficient ground personnel shall be provided to ensure that helicopter loading and unloading operations are performed safely.
(e) Helicopters shall not move loads over any workers.
(f) Helicopters with a load on the hook shall not pass over any area in which fallers and buckers are working.
(g) Communications shall be maintained between the ground crew and flight crew to continuously update knowledge of woods crew locations and movement, so that sufficient lateral clearance of the helicopter flight pattern for safe operation shall be observed at all times.
(h) Employees shall remain in the clear as chokers are being delivered. Employees shall not move under the helicopter that is delivering the choker, or take hold of the chokers before they have been released by the helicopter, except when the lower hook malfunctions or in an emergency requiring the woods crew to release the chokers manually.
(i) If the flight path of the loaded helicopter passes over haul roads, flagmen shall be posted to direct traffic.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6325. Fueling and Fueling Area.
(a) Fueling pads shall be built and maintained with a well compacted surface free of loose materials and debris.
(b) There shall be two 60:B.C. rated fire extinguishers, or equivalent fire fighting protection, readily available at each fueling station.
(c) Smoking, open flames, or other sources of ignition shall not be permitted within 50 feet of fueling operations or fuel storage areas.
(d) The helicopter engines shall be shut off if refueling with either aviation gasoline or Jet B (turbine) type fuel.
(e) The helicopter and fuel supply system shall be securely bonded together and grounded, with a driven rod attached to the rear of the fuel pump before and during fueling operations to provide static electrical discharge.
(f) The helicopter's fuel supply shall at all times be adequate to perform its mission and at least 15 minutes of additional flight time.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6326. Communications and Signal Systems.
(a) The employer shall instruct the aircrew and ground personnel on signal systems to be used, and shall review the systems with the employees before hoisting the load. This applies to both radio and hand signal systems. Hand signals are shown in Appendix A.
(b) There shall be continual reliable communication between the pilot and the ground crew employee who acts as signalperson during the period of hooking and unhooking.
(c) There shall be a signalperson in radio contact with the aircrew for each operation site on the ground, even if the helicopter is not specifically working at that operation.
(d) All signalmen shall wear high-visibility, colored garments, such as orange, yellow, etc.
(e) Citizen band radios shall not be used for communication between the helicopter pilot and ground personnel.
(f) The helicopter shall be equipped with a siren to warn workers of any hazard.
(g) Two radio transceivers shall be in the vicinity of the log pickup and landing crews and at least one of the radios shall be operative at each of the operations at all times.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6327. Personal Protective Equipment.
(a) Appropriate eye protection shall be worn by employees hooking logs and working on the landing.
(b) Hard hats worn by ground personnel shall be secured by chin straps.
(c) Static charge on the tagline and cargo hook shall be dissipated before personnel touch them or protective rubber gloves shall be worn.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6328. Yarding and Swinging.
(a) Employees shall not stand or work in the bight of running lines.
(b) Chokers shall not be hooked or unhooked from the butt hook before all the rigging has come to a complete stop.
(c) Care shall be taken in working around logs which are propped up or show a tendency to roll. Workers in charge shall carefully watch for such hazards.
(d) In setting or unhooking chokers, care shall be taken to stand clear of rolling logs.
(e) Workers shall remain on their feet until the turn is broken out and well into the clear.
(f) Standing on or near logs which may move or be moved by the turn going in is prohibited. Until a signal to go ahead is given, all workers shall stand clear of the area that is affected by the turn breaking out.
(g) When approaching or working around hangups, workers shall watch carefully for the danger of logs rolling or sliding, widow-makers, snags, or tops of trees falling.
(h) Chokers shall be placed near, but not closer than 2 feet, from the ends of logs.
(i) Choker holes shall be dug from the uphill side of a log if there appears to be any danger of its rolling.
(j) While hooking or unhooking chokers, workers shall choose the safest approach. This is usually from the upper side or end of the log.
(k) Logs shall not be landed at the landing chute until all workers and equipment are in the clear.
( l ) Chasers shall be sure that logs are securely landed before approaching them to unhook chokers.
(m) Towed equipment, such as but not limited to, skid pans, pallets, arches, and trailers, shall be attached to each machine or vehicle in such a manner as to allow a full 90 degree turn; to prevent overrunning of the towing machine or vehicle; and to assure that the operator is always in control of the towed equipment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6329. Landings and Loading Areas.
(a) Landings shall be prepared and kept reasonably clear of all debris to provide maximum safety for all employees, and shall provide ample space for the safe movement of equipment and log storage and handling.
(b) Landing chutes shall be long and even enough so that at least two-thirds of the longest bucked log to be yarded shall rest on the ground. This is not intended to restrict the yarding and loading of logs for poles, piling or an infrequent long break or tree length, provided the log is secured before unhooking the choker.
(c) Roadside or continuous landings shall be large enough to safely operate and maintain the yarding or loading equipment. Outrigger pads, tracks or wheels shall be on firm, stable ground.
(d) In logging operations where the yarder is set up in the haul road and logs are landed on the slope below the road, the following shall apply:
(1) If the landing chute slope is 20 percent or less, logs may be landed and decked in the chute provided the logs can be left in a stable position.
(2) If the landing chute exceeds 20 percent slope, decking is not permitted in the chute if a chaser is required to unhook the rigging from the logs or if employees are working below the landing chute and are exposed to rolling or sliding logs.
(3) If logs are to be decked below the road, the logs shall be effectively secured from rolling or sliding down the hill or no employees shall work below the deck.
(e) Space for truck turn-around shall be provided as close as possible to the landing.
(f) Where necessary, sufficient brow logs or blocking shall be installed to prevent logs from rolling onto the landing.
(g) All personnel shall stand clear of the hazardous area while logs are being hoisted, or while logs or loads are being shifted on trucks. The hazardous area is the area between the deck or decks from which the logs are being removed and the area over which the logs are carried to place them on the log truck, as well as along both sides of log trucks behind the cab guard.
(h) Logs shall not be swung over employees, tractors, or truck cabs while employees are in the cabs.
(i) Logs shall be loaded so that the load is balanced as near as possible over the center plates of the trucks.
(j) Logs shall be loaded to minimize any crowding which causes excessive strain on the wrappers, choke chains, or stakes.
(k) Logs shall be loaded so that there are no projecting large knots or limbs to impair side clearance.
( l ) When operating in landing areas, loading machines used to sort and deck logs and/or load log trucks shall be equipped with an automatically operating warning device which will activate any time the loading machine is traveling in a direction opposite to that which the operator faces.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6330. Tongs, Hooks, and Straps.
(a) When hooks are used for loading, they shall be of the spiked bell type. The spike shall project beyond the lip of the cup, and both spike and lip shall be kept sharp.
(b) Loading hooks shall be kept in good repair and equipped with hand ropes.
(c) When there is danger of tongs or hooks pulling out of the logs, straps shall be used. Tongs may be used on extra large logs, provided the logs are barked and notched sufficiently for a secure hold.
(d) Crotch line straps for loading hooks or end bridles should be of the right length or adjustable to the length necessary for proper end pull, and shall be made of no less than 5/8-inch line. The size of this line shall be increased according to the weight of the logs handled.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6331. Loading Rigs, General.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference:Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6332. Log Decks (Woods and Millyards).
(a) Employees working on log decks shall be provided with and use a means of signaling that complies with the applicable requirements of these Orders.
(b) Logs shall be placed in and removed from log decks in a straight and orderly manner which eliminates as much as possible the hazards of rolling and shifting logs.
(c) Logs shall not be decked in a location which creates a hazard to employees.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6333. Motor Trucks.
(a) Each truck shall be equipped with a fire extinguisher of no less than 10 B:C rating. The fire extinguisher shall be full and in operating condition, mounted securely and readily available. Carbon tetrachloride extinguishers are prohibited.
(b) Every truck shall be equipped with a heater, defroster and windshield wipers.
(c) All trucks and trailers shall be equipped with brakes that will safely hold the maximum load on the maximum grade. These brakes shall be kept in good condition.
(d) Brakes on truck-trailer combinations shall be designed so that in the event of trailer brake failure, the truck brakes remain operable.
(e) Logging trucks hauling loads in mountainous areas shall be equipped with water storage tanks that provide water for the trailer brakes, unless the truck is equipped with a countertorque device.
(f) Trucks and trailers with air brakes shall be equipped with air connection devices designed to protect hose couplers from damage and dirt while disconnected.
(g) Hose lines and couplings shall be replaced or repaired immediately when found defective. New parts shall be of equal or better quality than replaced parts.
(h) Sufficient slack in the hose line shall be replaced to prevent uncoupling when reach is extended. Suitable hangers shall be installed to hold the hose and to provide easy travel along the reach.
(i) Tires worn to the breaker strip, regrooved tires that are not designed for regrooving, and tires that are section-repaired, shall not be used on the front wheels of trucks or truck-tractors. Retreaded tires shall not be used on the front wheels of trucks or truck-tractors, unless the name of the tire manufacturer and the tire serial number are legible and markings that identify the retreader are burned, branded, or molded on the tire sidewall.
(j) Cab doors shall open easily from inside or outside.
(k) When an employee is required to stand on the cab top to direct loading or unloading operations, a safe, nonslip platform shall be installed on the cab top. The platform shall extend 4 inches from the sides, front, and back. A safe means of access shall be provided.
( l) The space between the truck frame members and the first cross member behind the cab shall be floored over with substantial decking.
(m) Lighting systems shall be maintained in good operating condition if trucks are used after dark, in fog, or inclement weather.
(n) A substantial bulkhead shall be installed at the rear of the cab.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6334. Trailers.
(a) Trailer tongues shall be constructed of steel.
(b) Reaches shall be equipped with stops at their rear ends to prevent their pulling out of the trailer socket.
(c) Trailer reach and tongue couplings shall be securely locked or the pin keyed.
(d) Means shall be provided for loading trailers onto trucks so that it is unnecessary for an employee to go beneath the trailer.
(e) Trailers loaded on trucks shall be secured when necessary. When necessary, drivers shall have assistance in loading trailers.
(f) Substantial links, chains, or straps, fastened securely to the trailer frame, shall be used in hoisting the trailer. These connections shall not be attached to the trailer bunks. Strap eyes shall be so fitted to prevent closing of the eye. The trailer lifting attachment shall be installed so that unloading can be done without manual assistance.
(g) When unloading trailers from motor trucks with loading hooks or tongs or other means, trailers shall be hoisted clear, the truck driven from under the trailer, and the trailer lowered to about 1-foot above the roadway before workers approach the trailer or reach.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6335. Truck and Trailer Equipment.
(a) Motor logging, trucks and trailers shall be equipped with bunks, stakes, chock blocks, or similar devices. Such blocks, stakes, or other devices shall extend no less than 8 inches above the top edge of the bunk.
Exception: When hauling a single log, chock blocks may be turned in, provided that these blocks extend at least 5 1/2 inches above the top of the bunk.
(b) Chocks and stakes shall be arranged so that they can be released from the side opposite the log-dumping side. They shall not be locked in any manner which makes it necessary to hammer on chains for releasing. Molly Hogans and cold shuts shall not be permitted in chains. Chock and stake chains shall be at least 1/2-inch high-test material or its equivalent. Chocks shall not project beyond the end of the bunk.
(c) Chocks and stakes shall be of steel, or material of equivalent bending and compression strength, and maintained in good condition.
(d) Bunks bent down more than 1-inch on either end shall be straightened and strengthened.
(e) Sufficient clearance shall be maintained to prevent bunk binding. Bunks shall pivot freely, and be cleaned and greased when necessary. Kingpins shall be maintained to minimum tolerances.
(f) To minimize end shift, the top edge of the bunks shall be no more than 3/8- inch thick and either square or beveled to a sharp edge.
(g) Bunk locks or centering devices shall be installed on all trucks and trailers, and bunk locks shall be disengaged before moving the loaded truck.
(h) When trailed, truck and trailer combinations shall be connected with a safety strap or chain which shall be of sufficient strength to control the trailer in event of failure of the regular trailer hitch or coupling. Straps of 1/2-inch plow steel or chains of 1/2-inch, high-test steel, with equivalent fittings, are considered adequate. Fittings shall be designed so that they cannot become accidentally unhooked.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6336. Truck Driving.
(a) All drivers shall have a valid operator's license for the class of vehicle being operated.
(b) Logging truck drivers should have general knowledge of the handling of logs, in addition to being qualified drivers of logging trucks.
(c) Truck drivers or other workers shall not approach the area alongside trucks being loaded until communication is established with the loading machine operator and the area is determined safe.
(d) Before entering any public road, drivers shall stop and inspect loads for stability and security. Such inspections shall also be made at appropriate intervals while in transit.
(e) A brake test shall be made before trucks leave the loading point or descend any steep or sustained grade. A notice to that effect should be posted in the cab near the air gauge.
(f) Passengers shall not be carried in logging trucks, except persons having business at the operation and permission from the management.
(g) Riding on any part of a logging truck other than in the cab is prohibited.
(h) Logs lost off trucks shall be removed as soon as possible to a safe distance from the traveled portion of the road.
(i) Tires, steering apparatus, boosters, air hoses, and connections on all trucks and trailers shall be inspected daily. If any defect is found which will prevent the safe operation of the equipment, all necessary repairs or adjustments shall be made before the equipment is used.
(j) Inspection or maintenance records shall be kept.
(k) Condensation in compressed air tanks shall be drained daily.
( l) No loose equipment or tools shall be kept in the cab.
(m) Motor trucks shall not be moved on a landing until all employees are in the clear, and warning shall be sounded before such movement is begun.
(n) Trucks shall not enter a landing while there is danger from in-coming logs.
(o) When it is necessary for trucks to back into the place of loading, they shall do so only upon a signal from the loader or authorized person.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6337. Wrappers.
(a) Wrappers shall have a breaking strength of no less than 11,500 pounds. The type, grade, and minimum size include:
(1) 3/8-inch improved plow steel wire rope
(2) 3/8-inch high-test steel chain
(3) 5/16-inch alloy steel chain
(4) Other approved material.
(b) Anchor points, wrappers and wrapper attachments shall be maintained in good condition. The following conditions, illustrative and not all-inclusive, are prohibited:
(1) Cracked welds or links in wrappers or wrapper attachments.
(2) Bent, twisted, stretched, or collapsed links.
(3) Links which are weakened by gouges or pits.
(4) Knots in any portion of the wrapper.
(5) Links which are obviously worn or show other evidence of loss of strength.
(6) Chain which has been repaired or joined with other than high-test or alloy steel repair links.
(7) Use of Molly Hogan, rolled eye, or quick eye.
(8) Use of contractor's knot and clip.
(9) Wire rope which is stranded, crushed, kinked, badly worn, rust-pitted, or which has twelve or more broken wires in a lay length, or which shows any other evidence of loss of strength.
(10) Anchor points, binders, or attachments which are in a weakened condition, or which show evidence of loss of strength from crack, breaks, distortion, or other deterioration.
(c) Binders shall be designed so that they can be securely locked.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6338. Binding Log Loads.
(a) All logs shall be well balanced and centered so that the load is stable without wrappers.
(b) All equipment shall be kept clear of log trucks being bound.
(c) Warning shall be given before throwing wrappers over a load and care shall be taken to prevent striking persons.
(d) Wrappers, except the gut wrapper, shall pass over the entire load. All wrappers shall be tight enough to keep the load from shifting.
(e) Wrappers shall be placed so that they must be released from the unloading machine or stanchion side.
(f) No load shall leave the loading spot until sufficient wrappers have been placed to restrain the load. No load shall leave the loading area until all required wrappers have been placed.
(g) When scaling and branding are done on the load at the dump or reload, it must be done before wrappers are released.
(h) When it is necessary to retighten the wrappers, only one wrapper shall be released and retightened at a time.
(i) On vehicles equipped with chock blocks, single log loads shall be secured to the rear bunk. All other loads shall be secured as follows:
(1) If load is one or two logs high, two wrappers used, one at each end.
(2) If load is three or four logs high, three wrappers used.
(3) If load is five or more logs high, four wrappers used.
(j) On vehicles equipped with bunk stakes, single logs shall be secured to the rear bunk. Loads that extend above the stakes shall have at least two wrappers. Loads with three or more tiers of logs above the stakes shall have at least three wrappers; six or more tiers of logs above the stakes shall have no less than four wrappers.
(k) Short logs, known as split peakers, on top of the load shall be secured by no less than two wrappers each.
( l) Bunk logs shall extend beyond the bunks no less than 6 inches. Logs shall be loaded so that no more than one-third the weight of the log extends beyond the end of the bunk or the log supporting it.
(m) Whenever loads consist of logs to be dumped at different destinations, lots shall be separated with gut wrappers, and wrappers shall be used for the entire loads, as provided in these Orders.
(n) All trucks shall carry spare wrappers.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6340. Log Dumps, Ponds, and Other Unloading, Log Handling, or Storage Facilities.
(a) Employers shall inaugurate, post, and enforce a set of log dump procedures applicable to their operation, notifying log truck drivers of these procedures.
(b) When these areas are used during the hours of darkness, they shall be illuminated sufficiently to provide clear vision.
(c) Jill-poking of logs from railroad cars shall be done only at permanent locations that are properly equipped.
(d) The top of the brow log, where used, shall be below the truck or car bunk level.
(1) All persons are prohibited from going between a brow log and the load of logs at any time.
(2) All persons shall remain in the clear until moving equipment has come to a complete stop.
(e) Where logs are unloaded into rollways, sufficient space shall be provided between the top of the skids and the ground or deck to accommodate the body of an employee.
(f) All log dumps shall be kept reasonably free of bark and other debris.
(g) When dumping, transferring, or unloading logs from trucks, an effective restraining device shall be used on the side from which the wrappers, stakes, or chocks are loosened, to prevent any logs from falling while being released. All personnel shall remain on the same side of the truck as the restraining devices, in the clear, until logs are removed.
Exception: Release and removal of all wrappers may be permitted within acceptable restraining stanchions or barriers located in the decking or unloading area prior to reaching the unloading spot, provided no pedestrian, or vehicle traffic is permitted between the stanchions or barriers and the unloading spot. The log truck driver shall remain beyond the ends of all loaded logs while the truck is being unloaded.
(h) A-frames used for unloading logs shall be constructed and rigged in accordance with Articles 7 and 8 of these Orders.
(i) When using crotched lines, spreader bars with pendants, or similar devices for dumping logs, the lines shall be placed so that the distance between them is approximately one-third the length of the load. This distance is measured along the centerline of the bunk log on the unloading machine side.
(j) Chocks, stakes, and binders shall be arranged so that all releases are made from the side opposite to that from which the logs will roll during unloading.
(k) No machine or dump operator shall dump any load of logs, unless there are a sufficient number of wrappers left in place to secure all logs until the machine or unloading lines are in place, and the load is secured as indicated in (g).
( l) The engineer or operator shall determine that all persons are in the clear before proceeding to unload the logs.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6341. Log Ponds.
(a) Employees shall not work alone on a log pond unless there are other employees within constant visual or audible contact.
(b) All employees working on logs or around booms in water shall wear calked boots or other boots designed to prevent slipping.
(c) Pike poles shall be of continuous, straight-grained No. 1 Douglas fir, or material of equal strength. Metal or conductive poles shall not be used around electrical conductors. Defective poles or blunt or dull pipes shall not be used.
(d) At least two life buoys or life rings with 50 feet of 1/4-inch Manila rope or equivalent attached shall be kept in the pond area. They shall be conveniently located in places accessible to the log dump and the log haul.
(e) Employers shall not permit or require an employee to work on log ponds where there is a drowning hazard, unless employee is provided with and is wearing a life vest or similar safeguard. Such vests or similar safeguards shall be designed to hold the face above the surface of the water.
(f) All regular boom sticks and foot logs upon which workers are required to walk, step upon, or work from shall be reasonably straight, with no protruding knots and bark, and shall be capable of supporting the weight of an employee and equipment above the water line at either end.
(g) Permanent cable swifters shall be arranged so that it is necessary to roll boom sticks in order to attach or detach them.
(h) Periodic inspection of cable or dogging lines shall be made to determine when repair or removal from service is necessary.
(i) The banks of the log pond in the vicinity of the log haul shall be reinforced to prevent caving in.
(j) Stiff booms shall be two float-logs wide, secured by boom chains or other connecting devices, and of a width adequate for working. Walking surfaces shall be free of loose material and maintained in good repair.
(k) Boom sticks shall be fastened together with adequate crossties or couplings.
( l) Floating donkeys or other power-driven machinery used on booms shall be placed on a raft or float with enough buoyancy to keep the deck well above water.
(m) All sorting gaps shall have a substantially stiff boom on each side.
(n) When powered pond boats or rafts are used, there shall be compliance with the applicable provisions of the Standards for Fire Protection for Motorcraft, NFPA No. 302-1971.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6343. Sawmills.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code. (continued)