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(continued)
(c) General Requirements.
(1) The employer shall provide portable fire extinguishers and shall mount, locate and identify them so that they are readily accessible to employees without subjecting the employees to possible injury.
(2) Only approved portable fire extinguishers shall be used to meet the requirements of this section.
(3) The employer shall not provide or make available in the workplace portable fire extinguishers using carbon tetrachloride or chlorobromomethane extinguishing agents.
(4) The employer shall assure that portable fire extinguishers are maintained in a fully charged and operable condition and kept in their designated places at all times except during use.
(5) The employer shall permanently remove from service by January 1, 1982, all soldered or riveted shell self-generating soda acid or self-generating foam or gas cartridge water type portable fire extinguishers which are operated by inverting the extinguisher to rupture the cartridge or to initiate an uncontrollable pressure generating chemical reaction to expel the agent.
(d) Selection and Distribution.
(1) Where portable fire extinguishers are provided for employee use, they shall be selected and distributed based on the classes of anticipated work place fires and on the size and degree of hazard which would affect their use.
(2) The employer shall distribute portable fire extinguishers for use by employees on Class A fires so that the travel distance for employees to any extinguisher is 75 feet (22.9m) or less.
(3) The employer may use uniformly spaced standpipe systems or hose stations connected to a sprinkler system installed for emergency use by employees instead of Class A portable fire extinguishers, provided that such systems meet the respective requirements of Articles 158 or 159, that they provide total coverage of the area to be protected, and that employees are trained at least annually in their use.
(4) The employer shall distribute portable fire extinguishers for use by employees on Class B fires so that the travel distance from the Class B hazard area to any extinguisher is 50 feet (15.2m) or less.
(5) The employer shall distribute portable fire extinguishers used for Class C hazards on the basis of the appropriate pattern for the existing Class A or Class B hazards.
(6) The employer shall distribute portable fire extinguishers or other containers of Class D extinguishing agent for use by employees so that the travel distance from the combustible metal working area to any extinguishing agent is 75 feet (22.9m) or less. Portable fire extinguishers for Class D hazards are required in those combustible metal working areas where combustible metal powders, flakes, shavings, or similarly sized products are generated a least once every two weeks.
(e) Inspection, Maintenance and Testing.
(1) The employer shall be responsible for the inspection, maintenance and testing of all portable fire extinguishers in the workplace.
(2) Portable extinguishers or hose used in lieu thereof under Subsection (d)(3) of this Section shall be visually inspected monthly.
(3) Portable fire extinguishers shall be subjected to an annual maintenance check. Stored pressure extinguishers do not require an internal examination. The employer shall record the annual maintenance date and retain this record for one year after the last entry or the life of the shell, whichever is less. The record shall be available to the Chief upon request.
(4) Stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers that require a 12-year hydrostatic test shall be emptied and subjected to applicable maintenance procedures every 6 years. Dry chemical extinguishers having non-refillable disposable containers are exempt from this requirement. When recharging or hydrostatic testing is performed, the 6-year requirement begins from that date.
(5) Alternate equivalent protection shall be provided when portable fire extinguishers are removed from service for maintenance and recharging.
(f) Hydrostatic Testing.
(1) The employer shall assure that hydrostatic testing is performed by trained persons with suitable testing equipment and facilities.
(2) The employer shall assure that portable extinguishers are hydrostatically tested at the intervals listed in Table L-1 of this Section, except under any of the following conditions:
(A) when the unit has been repaired by soldering, welding, brazing, or use of patching compounds;
(B) when the cylinder or shell threads are damaged;
(C) when there is corrosion that has caused pitting, including corrosion under removable name plate assemblies;
(D) when the extinguisher has been burned in a fire; or
(E) when a calcium chloride extinguishing agent has been used in a stainless steel shell.
Table L-1
_______________________________________________________________________________
Test
Interval
Type of Extinguishers (years)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Soda acid (soldered brass shells) (until 1/1/82)............... [FN(1)]
Soda acid (stainless steel shell).............................. 5
Cartridge operated water and/or antifreeze..................... 5
Stored pressure water and/or antifreeze........................ 5
Wetting agent.................................................. 5
Foam (soldered brass shells) (until 1/1/82).................... [FN(1)]
Foam (stainless steel shell)................................... 5
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)............................... 5
Loaded stream.................................................. 5
Dry chemical with stainless steel.............................. 5
Carbon dioxide................................................. 5
Dry chemical, stored pressure, with mild steel,
brazed brass or aluminum shells............................... 12
Dry chemical, cartridge or cylinder operated, with mild steel 12
shells.......................................................
Halon 1211..................................................... 12
Halon 1301..................................................... 12
Dry powder, cartridge or cylinder operated with mild steel 12
shells.......................................................
_______________________________________________________________________________
[FN1] Extinguishers having shells constructed of copper or brass joined by soft
solder or rivets shall not be hydrostatially tested and shall be removed from
service by January 1, 1982 (Not permitted).
(3) In addition to an external visual examination, the employer shall assure that an internal examination of cylinders and shells to be tested is made prior to the hydrostatic tests.
(4) The employer shall assure that portable fire extinguishers are hydrostatically tested whenever they show new evidence of corrosion or mechanical injury, except under the conditions listed in subsection (f)(2)(A)- (E) of this Section.
(5) The employer shall assure that hydrostatic tests are performed on extinguisher hose assemblies which are equipped with a shut-off nozzle at the discharge end of the hose. The test interval shall be the same as specified for the extinguisher on which the hose is installed.
(6) The employer shall assure that carbon dioxide hose assemblies with a shut-off nozzle are hydrostatically tested at 1,250 psi (8,620 kPa).
(7) The employer shall assure that dry chemical and dry powder hose assemblies with a shut-off nozzle are hydrostatically tested at 300 psi (2,070 kPa).
(8) Hose assemblies passing a hydrostatic test do not require any type of recording or stamping.
(9) The employer shall assure that hose assemblies for carbon dioxide extinguishers that require a hydrostatic test are tested within a protective cage device.
(10) The employer shall assure that carbon dioxide extinguishers and nitrogen or carbon dioxide cylinders used with wheeled extinguishers are tested every 5 years at 5/3 of the service pressure as stamped into the cylinder. Nitrogen cylinders which comply with 49 CFR 173.34(e)(15) may be hydrostatically tested every 10 years.
(11) The employer shall assure that all stored pressure and Halon 1211 types of extinguishers are hydrostatically tested at the factory test pressure not to exceed two times the service pressure.
(12) The employer shall assure that acceptable self-generating type soda acid and foam extinguishers are tested at 350 psi (2,410 kPa).
(13) Air or gas pressure may not be used for hydrostatic testing.
(14) Extinguishers shells, cylinders, or cartridges which fail a hydrostatic pressure test, or which are not fit for testing shall be removed from service and from the workplace.
(15) The equipment for testing compressed gas type cylinders shall be of the water jacket type. The equipment shall be provided with an expansion indicator which operates with an accuracy within one percent of the total expansion or 0.1cc of liquid.
(A) The equipment for testing non-compressed gas type cylinders shall consist of the following:
1. A hydrostatic test pump, hand or power operated, capable of producing not less than 150 percent of the test pressure, which shall include appropriate check valves and fittings;
2. A flexible connection for attachment to fittings to test through the extinguisher nozzle, test bonnet, or hose outlet, as is applicable; and
3. A protective cage or barrier for personal protection of the tester, designed to provide visual observation of the extinguisher under test.
(16) The employer shall maintain and provide upon request to the Chief of Division evidence that the required hydrostatic testing of fire extinguishers has been performed at the time intervals shown in Table L-1. Such evidence shall be in the form of a certification record which includes the date of the test, the signature of the person who performed the test and the serial number, or the other identifier, of the fire extinguisher that was tested. Such records shall be kept until the extinguisher is hydrostatically retested at the time interval specified in Table L-1 or until the extinguisher is taken out of service.
(g) Training and Education.
(1) Where the employer has provided portable fire extinguishers for employee use in the workplace, the employer shall also provide an educational program to familiarize employees with the general principles of fire extinguisher use and the hazards involved with incipient stage fire fighting.
(2) The employer shall provide the education required in subsection (g)(1) of this Section upon initial employment and at least annually thereafter.
(3) The employer shall provide employees who have been designated to use fire fighting equipment as part of an emergency action plan with training in the use of the appropriate equipment.
(4) The employer shall provide the training required in subsection (g)(3) of this Section upon initial assignment to the designated group of employees and at least annually thereafter.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6165. Standpipe and Hose Systems.
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) Scope. This Section applies to all small hose, Class II, and Class III standpipe systems.
(b) General.
(1) Where standpipe and hose systems are provided they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems NFPA 141978 and the requirements of this Article.
(c) Protection of Standpipes.
(1) The employer shall assure that standpipes are located or otherwise protected against mechanical damage. Damaged standpipes shall be repaired promptly.
(d) Equipment.
(1) Reels and Cabinets. Where reels or cabinets are provided to contain fire hose, the employer shall assure that they are designed to facilitate prompt use of the hose valves, the hose, and other equipment at the time of a fire or other emergency. The employer shall assure that the reels and cabinets are conspicuously identified and used only for fire equipment.
(2) Hose Outlets and Connections.
(A) The employer shall assure that hose outlets and connections are located high enough above the floor to avoid being obstructed and to be accessible to employees.
(B) The employer shall standardize screw threads or provide appropriate adapters throughout the system and assure that the hose connections are compatible with those used on the supporting fire equipment.
(3) Hose.
(A) The employer shall assure that every 1 1/2" (3.8 cm) or smaller hose outlet used to meet this standard is equipped with hose connected and ready for use. In extremely cold climates where such installation may result in damaged equipment, the hose may be stored in another location provided it is immediately available and can be connected when needed.
(B) Standpipe systems installed after July 1, 1981, for use by employees, shall be equipped with lined hose. Unlined hose may remain in use on existing systems. However, after the effective date of this standard, unlined hose which becomes unserviceable shall be replaced with lined hose.
(C) Beginning July 1, 1981, the employer shall provide hose of such length that friction loss resulting from water flowing through the hose will not decrease the pressure at the nozzle below 30 psi (210 kPa). The dynamic pressure at the nozzle shall be within the range of 30 psi (210 kPa) to 125 psi (860 kPa).
(4) Nozzles. Beginning July 1, 1981, the employer shall assure that all lined standpipe hose is equipped with shut-off type nozzles.
(e) Water Supply.
(1) The minimum water supply for standpipe and hose systems, which are provided for the use of employees, shall be sufficient to provide 100 gallons per minute (6.3 l/s) for a period of at least thirty minutes.
(f) Tests and Maintenance.
(1) Acceptance Tests.
(A) The employer shall assure that the piping of Class II and Class III systems installed after July 1, 1981, including yard piping, is hydrostatically tested for a period for at least 2 hours at not less than 200 psi (1380 kPa), or at least 50 psi (340 kPa) in excess of normal pressure when such pressure is greater than 150 psi (1030 kPa).
(B) The employer shall assure that hose on all standpipe systems installed after July 1, 1981, is hydrostatically tested with couplings in place, at a pressure of not less than 200 psi (1380 kPa), before it is placed in service. This pressure shall be maintained for at least 15 seconds and not more than one minute during which time the hose shall not leak nor shall any jacket thread break during the test.
(2) Maintenance.
(A) The employer shall assure that water supply tanks are kept filled to the proper level except during repairs. When pressure tanks are used, the employer shall assure that proper pressure is maintained at all times except during repairs.
(B) The employer shall assure that valves in the main piping connections to the automatic sources of water supply are kept fully open at all times except during repair.
(C) The employer shall assure that hose systems are inspected at least annually and after each use to assure that all of the equipment and hose are in place, available for use, and in serviceable condition.
(D) When the system or any portion thereof is found not to be serviceable, the employer shall remove it from service immediately and replace it with equivalent protection such as extinguishers and fire watches.
(E) Hemp or linen hose on existing systems shall be inspected for deterioration at least annually. Defective hose shall be replaced in accordance with Section 6165(d)(3)(B).
(F) The employer shall designate trained persons to conduct all inspections required under this Section.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6170. Automatic Sprinkler Systems.
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) The requirements of this section apply to all automatic sprinkler systems.
(2) For automatic sprinkler systems used to meet Title 8 requirements and installed prior to the effective date of this standard, compliance with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) or the National Board of Fire Underwriters (NBFU) standard in effect at the time of the system's installation will be acceptable as compliance with this Section.
(3) When required automatic sprinkler systems are provided they shall meet design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA No. 13-1978.
(b) Exemptions.
(1) Automatic sprinkler systems installed in workplace, but not required by Title 8, are exempt from the requirements of this Section.
(c) General Requirements.
(1) Design.
(A) All automatic sprinkler designs used to comply with this standard shall provide the necessary discharge patterns, densities, and water flow characteristics for complete coverage in a particular workplace or zoned subdivision of the workplace.
(B) The employer shall assure that only approved equipment and devices are used in the design and installation of automatic sprinkler systems used to comply with this standard.
(2) Maintenance.
(A) The employer shall properly maintain an automatic sprinkler system installed to comply with this Section. The employer shall assure that a main drain flow test is performed on each system annually. The inspector's test valve shall be opened at least every two years to assure that the sprinkler system operates properly.
Note: See NFPA 131978 for further guidance, and Section 6181 where applicable.
(3) Acceptance Tests. The employer shall conduct proper acceptance tests on sprinkler systems installed for employee protection after July 1, 1981, and record the dates of such tests. Proper acceptance tests include the following:
(A) Flushing of underground connections;
(B) Hydrostatic tests of piping in system;
(C) Air tests in dry-pipe systems;
(D) Dry-pipe valve operation; and
(E) Test of drainage facilities.
(4) Water Supplies. The employer shall assure that every automatic sprinkler system is provided with at least one automatic water supply capable of providing design water flow for at least 30 minutes. An auxiliary water supply or equivalent protection shall be provided when the automatic water supply is out of service, except for systems of 20 or fewer sprinklers.
(5) Hose Connections for Fire Fighting Use. The employer may attach hose connections for fire fighting use to wet pipe sprinkler systems provided that the water supply satisfies the combined design demand for sprinklers and standpipes.
(6) Protection of Piping. The employer shall assure that automatic sprinkler system piping is protected against freezing and exterior surface corrosion.
(7) Drainage. The employer shall assure that all dry sprinkler pipes and fittings are installed so that the system may be totally drained.
(8) Sprinklers.
(A) The employer shall assure that only approved sprinklers are used on systems.
(B) The employer may not use older style sprinklers to replace standard sprinklers without a complete engineering review of the altered part of the system.
(C) The employer shall assure that sprinklers are protected from mechanical damage.
(9) Sprinkler Alarms. On all sprinkler systems having more than twenty (20) sprinklers, the employer shall assure that a local waterflow alarm is provided which sounds an audible signal on the premises upon water flow through the system equal to the flow from a single sprinkler.
(10) Sprinkler Spacing. The employer shall assure that sprinklers are spaced to provide a maximum protection area per sprinkler, a minimum of interference to the discharge pattern by building or structural members or building contents and suitable sensitivity to possible fire hazards. The minimum vertical clearance between sprinklers and material below shall be 18 inches (45.7cm).
(11) Hydraulically Designed Systems. The employer shall assure that hydraulically designed automatic sprinkler systems or portions thereof are identified and that the location, number of sprinklers in the hydraulically designed section, and the basis of the design is indicated. Central records may be used in lieu of signs at sprinkler valves provided the records are available for inspection and copying by the Division.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6175. Fixed Extinguishing Systems.
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) This Section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems except for automatic sprinkler systems which are covered by Article 159.
(2) This Section also applies to fixed systems not installed to meet a particular Title 8 section, but which, by means of their operation, may expose employees to possible injury, death, or adverse health consequences caused by the extinguishing agent. Such systems are only subject to the requirements of subsection (b)(4) through (b)(7) and (c) of this Section.
(3) Systems otherwise covered in subsection (a)(2) of this Section which are installed in areas with no employee exposure are exempted from the requirements of this section.
(b) General Requirements.
(1) Fixed extinguishing system components and agents shall be designed and approved for use on the specific fire hazards they are expected to control or extinguish.
(2) If for any reason a fixed extinguishing system becomes inoperable, the employer shall notify employees and take the necessary temporary precautions to assure their safety until the system is restored to operating order. Any defects or impairments shall be properly corrected by trained personnel.
(3) The employer shall provide a distinctive alarm or signaling system which complies with Article 165 and is capable of being perceived above ambient noise or light levels, on all extinguishing systems in those portions of the workplace covered by the extinguishing system to indicate when the extinguishing system is discharging. Discharge alarms are not required on systems where discharge is immediately recognizable.
(4) The employer shall provide effective safeguards to warn employees against entry into discharge areas where the atmosphere remains hazardous to employee safety or health.
(5) The employer shall post hazard warning or caution signs at the entrance to, and inside of, areas protected by fixed extinguishing systems which use agents in concentrations known to be hazardous to employee safety and health.
(6) The employer shall assure that fixed systems are inspected annually by a person knowledgeable in the design and function of the system to assure that the system is maintained in good operating condition.
(7) The employer shall assure that the weight and pressure of refillable containers is checked at least semi-annually. If the container shows a loss in net content or weight of more than 5 percent, or a loss in pressure of more than 10 percent, it shall be subjected to maintenance.
Exception: Systems using refillable, high-pressure carbon dioxide cylinders shall meet the requirements of Section 6181(b)(1).
(8) The employer shall assure that factory charged nonrefillable containers which have no means of pressure indication are weighed at least semi-annually. If a container shows a loss in net weight of more than 5 percent it shall be replaced.
(9) The employer shall assure that inspection and maintenance dates are recorded on the container, on a tag attached to the container, or in a central location. A record of the last semi-annual check shall be maintained until the container is checked again or for the life of the container, whichever is less.
(10) The employer shall train employees designated to inspect, maintain, operate, or repair fixed extinguishing systems and annually review their training to keep them up to date in the functions they are to perform.
(11) The employer shall not use chlorobromomethane or carbon tetrachloride as an extinguishing agent where employees may be exposed.
(12) The employer shall assure that systems installed in the presence of corrosive atmospheres are constructed of non-corrosive material or otherwise protected against corrosion.
(13) Automatic detection equipment shall be approved, installed and maintained in accordance with Article 164.
(14) The employer shall assure that all systems designed for and installed in areas with climatic extremes shall operate effectively at the expected extreme temperatures.
(15) The employer shall assure that at least one manual station is provided for discharge activation of each fixed extinguishing system.
(16) The employer shall assure that manual operating devices are identified as to the hazard against which they will provide protection.
(17) The employer shall provide and assure the use of the personal protective equipment needed for immediate rescue of employees trapped in hazardous atmospheres created by an agent discharge.
(c) Total Flooding Systems with Potential Health and Safety Hazards to Employees.
(1) The employer shall provide an emergency action plan in accordance with Section 3220 for each area within a workplace that is protected by a total flooding system which provides agent concentrations exceeding the maximum safe levels set forth in Subsections (b)(4) and (b)(5) of Article 162.
(2) Systems installed in areas where employees cannot enter during or after the system's operation are exempt from the requirements of Subsection (c) of this Section.
(3) On all total flooding systems the employer shall provide a pre-discharge employee alarm which complies with Article 165, and is capable of being perceived above ambient light or noise levels before the system discharges, which will give employees time to safely exit from the discharge area prior to system discharge.
(4) The employer shall provide automatic actuation of total flooding systems by means of an approved fire detection device installed and interconnected with a pre-discharge employee alarm system to give employees time to safely exit from the discharge area prior to system discharge.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6180. Fixed Extinguishing Systems; Dry Chemical.
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) This Section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using dry chemical as the extinguishing agent. These systems shall also comply with Article 160.
(2) When dry chemical extinguishing systems are provided they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems" NFPA No. 171980 and the requirements of this section, and Section 6175 where applicable.
(b) Specific Requirements.
(1) The employer shall assure that dry chemical agents are compatible with any foams or wetting agents with which they are used.
(2) The employer may not mix together dry chemical extinguishing agents of different compositions. The employer shall assure that dry chemical systems are refilled with the chemical stated on the approval nameplate or an equivalent compatible material.
(3) When dry chemical discharge may obscure vision, the employer shall provide a pre-discharge employee alarm which complies with Article 165 and which will give employees time to safely exit from the discharge area prior to system discharge.
(4) The employer shall sample the dry chemical supply of all but stored pressure systems at least annually to assure that the dry chemical supply is free of moisture which may cause the supply to cake or form lumps.
(5) The employer shall assure that the rate of application of drychemicals is such that the designed concentration of the system will be reached within 30 seconds of initial discharge.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6181. Gaseous Systems.
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) Scope. This Section applies to all fixed extinguishing systems, using a gas as the extinguishing agent. These systems shall also comply with Article 160. In some cases, the gas may be in a liquid state during storage.
(2) Application. The requirements of Subsections (b)(5) and (b)(6) shall apply only to total flooding systems.
(b) General Requirements.
(1) When carbon dioxide extinguishing systems are provided they shall meet the design, inspection, maintenance, and instruction requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems" NFPA No. 121977.
(2) In any proposed use of carbon dioxide where there is a possibility that employees may be trapped in, or enter into atmospheres made hazardous by a carbon dioxide discharge suitable safeguards shall be provided to insure prompt evacuation of and to prevent entry into such atmospheres and also to provide means for prompt rescue of any trapped personnel. Suitable safeguards include personnel training, warning signs, discharge alarms, predischarge alarms and breathing apparatus any one or more of which may be necessary for particular carbon dioxide extinguishing system installation.
(3) Agents used for initial supply and replenishment shall be of the type approved for the system's application. Carbon dioxide obtained by dry ice conversion to liquid is not acceptable unless it is processed to remove excess water and oil.
(4) Except during overhaul, the employer shall assure that the designed concentration of gaseous agents is maintained until the fire has been extinguished or is under control.
(5) Employees shall not be exposed to toxic levels of gaseous agent or its decomposition products.
(6) The employer shall assure that the designed extinguishing concentration is reached within 30 seconds of initial discharge except for Halon systems which must achieve design concentration within 10 seconds.
(7) The employer shall provide a distinctive pre-discharge employee alarm capable of being perceived above ambient light or noise levels when agent design concentrations exceed the maximum safe level for employee exposure. The pre-discharge employee alarm shall provide employees time to safely exit the discharge area prior to system discharge.
(8) Egress.
(A) Where egress from an area cannot be accomplished within one minute, the employer shall not use Halon 1301 in concentrations greater than 7 percent.
(B) Where egress takes greater than 30 seconds but less than one minute, the employer shall not use Halon 1301 in a concentration greater than 10 percent.
(C) Halon 1301 concentrations greater than 10 percent are only permitted in areas not normally occupied by employees provided that any employee in the area can escape within 30 seconds. The employer shall assure that no unprotected employees enter the area during agent discharge.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6182. Water-Spray Fixed Systems, Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems.
(a) Scope and Application. This Section applies to all water-spray fixed extinguishing systems and to all foam-water sprinkler systems. This Section does not apply to automatic sprinkler systems which are covered in Article 159.
When water-spray fixed systems or foam-water sprinkler systems are provided, they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's (NFPA) standards on "Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection" or "Foam-Water Spray Systems," NFPA Nos. 15-1977 or 16-1974, respectively. The systems shall also comply with Article 160.
(b) General Requirements.
(1) The employer shall assure that foam and water spray systems are designed to be effective in at least controlling fire in the protected area or on protected equipment.
(2) The employer shall assure that drainage of water spray systems is directed away from areas where employees are working and that no emergency egress is permitted through the drainage path.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6183. Fire Detection Systems.
(a) Scope and Application. This Section applies to all automatic fire detection systems.
(b) Installation and Restoration.
(1) All devices and equipment shall be designed, installed, and maintained in accordance with this Section and applicable parts of NFPA 721978 series and shall be approved for the purpose for which they are intended.
(2) The employer shall restore all fire detection systems and components to normal operating condition as promptly as possible after each test or alarm.
(c) Maintenance and Testing.
(1) The employer shall maintain all systems in an operable condition except during repairs or maintenance.
(2) Fire detectors and fire detection systems shall be tested and adjusted as often as needed to maintain proper reliability and operating condition except that factory calibrated detectors need not be adjusted after installation.
(3) Pneumatic and hydraulic operated detection systems installed after July 1, 1981, shall be equipped with supervised systems.
(4) Servicing, maintenance and testing of fire detection systems, including cleaning and necessary sensitivity adjustments shall be performed by a trained person knowledgeable in the operations and functions of the systems.
(5) Fire detectors shall be cleaned as necessary to assure proper operation.
(d) Protection of Fire Detectors.
(1) Fire detection equipment installed outdoors or in the presence of corrosive atmospheres shall be protected from corrosion. The employer shall provide a canopy, hood, or other suitable protection for detection equipment requiring protection from the weather.
(2) The employer shall locate or otherwise protect detection equipment so that it is protected from mechanical or physical impact which might render it inoperable.
(3) The employer shall assure that detectors are supported independently of their attachment to wires or tubing.
(e) Response Time.
(1) The employer shall assure that fire detection systems installed for the purpose of actuating fire extinguishment or suppression systems shall be designed to operate in time to control or extinguish a fire.
(2) Fire detection systems installed for the purpose of employee alarm and evacuation shall be designed and installed to provide a warning for emergency action and safe escape of employees.
(3) The employer shall not delay alarms or devices initiated by fire detector actuation for more than 30 seconds unless such delay is necessary for the immediate safety of employees. When such delay is necessary, it shall be addressed in an emergency action plan meeting the requirements of Section 3220.
(f) Number, Location and Spacing of Detecting Devices.
(1) The number, spacing and location of fire detectors shall be based upon design data obtained from field experience, or tests, engineering surveys, the manufacturer's recommendations, or a recognized testing laboratory listing.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6184. Employee Alarm Systems.
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) This Section applies to all emergency employee alarms. This section does not apply to those discharge or supervisory alarms required on various fixed extinguishing systems or to supervisory alarms on fire suppression, alarm or detection systems unless they are intended to be employee alarm systems.
(2) The requirements in this Section that pertain to maintenance, testing and inspection shall apply to all local fire alarm signaling systems used for alerting employees regardless of the other functions of the system.
(3) All pre-discharge employee alarms shall meet the requirements of subsection (b)(1) through (b)(4), (c) and (d)(1) of this Section.
(b) General Requirements.
(1) Where local fire alarm signaling systems are required by these orders, they shall meet the design requirements of the National Fire Protection Association's "Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Local Protective Signaling Systems for Watchman, Fire Alarm and Supervisory Service," NFPA No. 72A1975 and the requirements of this Section.
(2) The employee alarm system shall provide warning for necessary emergency action as called for in the emergency action plan, or for reaction time for safe escape of employees from the workplace or the immediate work area, or both.
(3) The employee alarm shall be capable of being perceived above ambient noise or light levels by all employees in the affected portions of the workplace. Tactile devices may be used to alert those employees who would not otherwise be able to recognize the audible or visual alarm.
(4) The employee alarm shall be distinctive and recognizable as a signal to evacuate the work area or to perform actions designated under the emergency action plan.
(5) All employees shall be made aware of means and methods of reporting emergencies. These methods may be, but are not limited to, manual pull box alarms, public address systems, radio or telephones. When telephones are used as a means of reporting an emergency, telephone numbers shall be conspicuously posted nearby. Where a communication system also serves as the employee alarm system, all emergency messages shall have priority over all non-emergency messages.
(6) The employer shall establish procedures for sounding emergency alarms in the workplace. For those employers with 10 or fewer employees in a particular workplace, direct voice communication is an acceptable procedure for sounding the alarm provided all employees can hear the alarm. Such workplaces need not have a back-up system.
(c) Installation and Restoration.
(1) The employer shall assure that all devices, components, combinations of devices or systems constructed and installed to comply with this standard shall be approved. Steam whistles, air horns, strobe lights or similar lighting devices, or tactile devices meeting the requirements of this Section are considered to meet this requirement for approval.
(2) The employer shall assure that all employee alarm systems are restored to normal operating condition as promptly as possible after each test or alarm. Devices and components of alarm systems that are subject to wear or destruction shall have replacements available in sufficient quantities and locations for prompt restoration of the system.
(d) Maintenance and Testing.
(1) The employer shall assure that all employee alarm systems are maintained in operating condition except when undergoing repairs or maintenance.
(2) The employer shall assure that a test of the reliability and adequacy of non-supervised employee alarm systems is made every two months. A different actuation device shall be used in each test of a multi-actuation device system so that no individual device is used for two consecutive tests.
(3) The employer shall maintain or replace power supplies as often as is necessary to assure a fully operational condition. Back-up means of alarm, such as employee runners or telephones, shall be provided when systems are out of service.
(4) The employer shall assure that employee alarm circuitry installed after July 1, 1981, shall be supervised and provide positive notification to assigned personnel whenever a deficiency exists in the system. The employer shall assure that all supervised employee alarm systems are tested at least annually for reliability and adequacy.
(5) The employer shall assure that servicing, maintenance and testing of employee alarms are performed by persons trained in the designed operation and functions necessary for reliable and safe operations of the system.
(e) Manual Operation.
(1) The employer shall assure that manually operated actuation devices for use in conjunction with employee alarms are unobstructed, conspicuous and readily accessible.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
[FNA1]
SUBCHAPTER 9. LAMP SCAFFOLD AND PARALLEL SAFETY ORDERS [FNA1]
[FNa1] See Subchapter 7, General Industry Safety Orders, Article 3, Section 3247, Lamp Scaffold and Parallels.
<<(Subchapter Originally Printed 4-20-45. Revision Filed 2-15-46)>>
s 6248. Introduction.
Title. These Orders shall be known as the LOGGING AND SAWMILL SAFETY ORDERS.
Application. These Orders establish minimum standards and apply to all places of employment in California where logging and sawmill operations as defined below are conducted.
Exception: Marine Terminal Operations.
Logging Operations. Cultivation and harvesting of timber, including access, falling and bucking, yarding, loading, and transportation of logs.
Sawmill Operations. Lumber, plywood, shake, shingle, and lath manufacture.
Note: Equipment and processes not covered by these orders may be governed by other applicable safety orders.
Approvals.
(a) Approvals.
(1) When the term 'approved' is used in these Orders, it shall refer to products, materials, devices, systems, or installations that have been approved, listed, labeled or certified as conforming to applicable governmental standards, nationally recognized criteria, or applicable scientific principles. The approval, listing, labeling, or certification of conformity shall be based upon an evaluation performed by a person, firm or entity with appropriate registered engineering competence or by a person, firm, or entity, independent of the manufacturer or supplier of the product, with demonstrated competence in the field of such evaluation.
Exception: Where written approval by the Division is required in these Orders.
(2) The term "approved" shall also refer to products, materials, devices, systems, or installations that have been approved, listed, labeled, or certified as conforming to Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) approval.
(b) The Division may require proof in addition to that under (a) that the products, materials, devices, systems, or installations will provide reasonable safety.
(c) When these orders require an approval of products, materials, devices, systems, or installations and that approval is not available under (a), it will be necessary to submit to the Division engineering calculations, stress analyses, and other data for each design, model, or make for which an approval is requested. The Division may then approve or disapprove the product, material, device, system, or installation as submitted or under specified conditions.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6249. Definitions and Glossary.
Adequate. Sufficient to reduce the risk to an acceptable minimum.
Arch. Piece of equipment attached to the rear of a tractor and used for raising one end of the logs to facilitate skidding.
Back Cut or Felling Cut. Final cut in a felling operation, made on the opposite side of the tree from the undercut.
Ball Hooting. Rolling or skidding loose logs down a hillside.
Bell or Cup Hook with Spike. Hook consisting of a cylindrical cup with a spike projecting from its center.
Bight. Area within the loop of a rope, its ends made fast; or the area within the angle formed by a line running through a block.
Binder. Wrapper tightening device.
Bolt. Short section of log or timber, rough sawn to length, from which shingles, laths, etc., are cut.
Brow Log. Log placed parallel to any roadway at a landing or dump to protect vehicles during loading or unloading.
Buck. Process of severing a tree into sections (logs or bolts).
Bucker. Worker who saws logs into desired lengths.
Buckle Guyline. Wire rope used to stiffen or support a tree, pole, or structure between the top guys and the base.
Bunk. Cross support for logs on a logging car or truck.
Butt Hook. Sleeve type hook attached to the butt rigging. Also the hook on the end of the tractor winch line.
Cant. Log slabbed on one or more sides.
Capped Fuse. Piece of fuse to which a blasting cap has been crimped.
Carriage (Log Carriage). Framework mounted on wheels which runs on tracks or in grooves in a direction parallel to the face of the saw, and which contains apparatus to hold a log securely and advance it towards the saw.
Chaser. Member of the yarding crew who unhooks the logs at the landing.
Chipper (Wood). Machine which cuts waste lumber or logs into uniform sized chips.
Chock, Bunk Block or Cheese Block. Wedge that prevents logs from rolling off the bunks.
Choker. Wire rope with special attachments that is put around a log near its end to facilitate hauling or lifting.
Chunking Out. Clearing material from a specific area.
Cold Deck. Any pile of logs which is stored and left for future removal or use.
Cold Shut. Link for permanently joining two chains closed cold with a hammer and not welded.
Cross Haul, or Parbuckling. Rolling logs by means of rope or a power device.
Crotch Lines. Type of two-leg sling forming an inverted "V" or crotch, with each loose end terminating in a load-attachment fitting, such as load hook, clevis, shackle, etc., for attaching the load to a hoisting line.
Crummy. Vehicle used to transport employees to and from a job site.
D or Strap Socket. Socket with a closed loop for attaching to the end of a line or block.
Dead Man. Buried log or other object used as an anchor.
Debark. Removing bark from trees or sections of trees, generally by mechanical means rather than manual peeling.
Division. Unless otherwise designated in this subchapter, the phrase "division" refers to the current Division of Occupational Safety and Health or any of its predecessors including the former Division of Industrial Safety. Reference to the former Division of Industrial Safety in these orders is meant to refer to its successor, the Division of Occupational Safety and Health or any subsequent successor organization.
Donkey (Yarder). Steam, diesel, or gasoline engine, equipped with drum and cable for moving or transporting logs, as in loading or yarding.
Equivalent. Alternative design or features which will provide an equal degree or factor of safety.
Fair-lead. Device used to guide a rope coming from any direction to a drum or sheave without fouling.
Guarded. Protected by a cover, shield, rail, or other device, or by location, to reduce the probability of injury.
Gut Wrapper. Intermediate wrapper for an individual tier of logs.
Guylines. Ropes used to stay or support spar trees, booms, etc.
Head Tree. Tree where loading and/or yarding takes place.
Heel Block. Block in the heel of a boom.
Heel Boom. Type of loading in which one end of the log is pulled up against the boom.
Hog. Machine for cutting or grinding slabs and refuse from the mill into coarse chips.
Hook Tender. Person who supervises the moving of logs from the woods to the place of loading.
Hot Deck. Deck from which logs are constantly being moved.
Husk. Head saw framework on a mill.
Hydraulic Excavator Type, Load Loader. Unit converted usually from a hydraulic backhoe having a grapple instead of a bucket, and using vertical cycling of the boom and stick to elevate and lower the logs.
Hydraulic Tree Jack. A mechanical device powered by internal pressure used to control the direction in which a tree is to be felled.
Jaggers. Any projecting wires of a cable.
Jill-Poke. A spear-like object.
Jill-Pole. Pivoted pole used as a lever to move logs from the car into the pond.
Kicker. Mechanical device used to move logs or material.
Knob. Metal ferrule attached to the end of a line.
Landing. Any place where logs are laid after being yarded, awaiting loading.
Landing Chute or Landing Slip. The head of the skid trail or yarder road where the logs are temporarily placed before handling, loading and hauling.
Lang Lay Rope. Wire rope in which the wires in the strands and the strands in the rope are laid in the same direction.
Leaner. Live or dead leaning trees.
Lift Tree. Tree or trees between the head spar and tail anchor upon which the skyline is hung but not anchored.
Loading Boom. Any structure projecting from a pivot point to guide a log when it is lifted.
Lodged Tree. A tree leaning against another tree or object which prevents its falling to the ground.
Log Haul. Conveyer for transferring the logs into the mill.
Log Stacker. A mobile machine mounted on a wheeled or tracked chassis with a frontally mounted grapple, tusk or forklift device to handle logs.
Logging Machines. Mobile yarders, including donkeys, A-frames, towers, masts, and converted cranes used for cable logging.
Metal Spar. Portable steel mast used to support the sheaves and/or blocks and lines for cable logging systems.
Molle or Molly Hogan. Piece of wire strand or rope used as a temporary means of fastening together the spliced loop ends of two pieces of rope; or a piece of wire strand used in place of a cotter pin, shackle pin, etc.
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). A laboratory which has been recognized by the Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.7.
Operation, Show, Woods Layout, or Side. Any place where logging is being done.
Pass Line. Small line threaded through a block at the top of a spar tree to assist the high climber.
Peeling Bar. Tool for removing bark from trees or logs.
Pike Pole. Long pole that ends in a sharp steel spike or point.
Pitman Rod. Connecting rod.
Reach. Rod or beam connecting a trailer to a logging truck.
Road (Cable or Yarding). The road along which logs are yarded to the landing with one setting of the rigging.
Rock Saw. Small coarse-toothed saw carried on an adjustable arm in line with the main circular mill saw.
Rolled Eyes. Rolling two halves of a line back on each other to form an eye. (continued)