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(continued)
Garage for Tank
Vehicles
2 Area up to 18 inches from above floor or grade
level for entire storage or repair garage.
Drainage Ditches, 2 Area up to 18 inches above ditch, separator or
Separators, basin. Also up to 18 inches above grade within
Impounding Basins 15 feet horizontally from any edge.
Garages for Other Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within
Than Tank the extent of an outdoor classified area, the
Vehicles entire room shall be classified the same asthe
area classification at the point of the
opening.
Outdoor Drum Ordinary
Storage
Indoor Warehousing Ordinary If there is any opening to these rooms within
Where there is no the extent of an indoor classified area, the
Flammable Liquid room shall be classified the same as if the
Transfer wall, curb or partition did not exist.
Office and Rest Ordinary
Rooms
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[FNa1] When classifying extent of area, consideration shall be given to fact
that tank cars or tank vehicles may be spotted at varying points. Therefore,
the extremities of the loading or unloading positions shall be used.
[FNa]2 For Tanks--Underground, See Table FL-9 in Article 144.
s 5622. Sources of Ignition.
Class I liquids shall not be handled, drawn, or dispensed where flammable vapors may reach a source of ignition. Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated localities. "NO SMOKING" signs shall be conspicuously posted where hazard from flammable vapors is normally present.
s 5623. Drainage and Waste Disposal.
Provision shall be made to prevent flammable or combustible liquids which may be spilled at loading or unloading points from entering public sewers and drainage systems, or natural waterways. Connection to such sewers, drains, or waterways by which flammable or combustible liquids might enter shall be provided with separator boxes or other approved means whereby such entry is precluded. Crankcase drainings and flammable or combustible liquids shall not be dumped into sewers, but shall be stored in tanks or tight drums outside of any building until removed from the premises.
s 5624. Fire Control.
Suitable fire-control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available to locations where fires are likely to occur. Additional fire-control equipment may be required where a tank of more than 50,000 gallons individual capacity contains Class I liquids and where an unusual exposure hazard exists from surrounding property. Such additional fire-control equipment shall be sufficient to extinguish a fire in the largest tank. The design and amount of such equipment shall be in accordance with approved engineering standards. (Title 24, T8-5624)
s 5629. Scope.
The requirements contained in this Article shall also apply to petroleum refineries which are in addition covered in the Petroleum Safety Orders Refining, Transportation, Handling.
(a) Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored in tanks, containers or in portable tanks. Tanks shall be installed in accordance with Article 145 except process units shall be located in accordance with (d) below.
(b) Piping systems shall be in accordance with Article 146. Fired and unfired pressure vessels shall be in accordance with the Boiler and Fired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders and the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders.
(c) Wharves handling flammable or combustible liquids shall be in accordance with Section 5620.
(d) Process units shall be located so that they are accessible from at least one side for the purpose of fire control.
(e) Portable fire extinguishment and control equipment shall be provided in such quantities and types as are needed for the special hazards of operation and storage. See Article 157.
(f) Water shall be available in volume to supply the largest single fixed installation requirement plus not less than 250 gallons per minute for hose streams.
(g) Special extinguishing equipment such as that utilizing foam, inert gas, or dry chemical shall be provided as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation and storage.
(h) Smoking shall be permitted only in approved areas. (Title 24, T8-5629)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6000. Scope.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6001. Nonionizing Radiation.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6002. Nitrous Oxide.
s 6003. Accident Prevention Signs.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6004. Accident Prevention Tags.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6050. General.
(a) Scope.
(1) This standard applies to all diving operations: commercial, scientific, technical and agricultural which are conducted within the boundaries of the State as defined in Government Code Section 170 except in areas of exclusive Federal jurisdiction and the exceptions listed below. In addition, any diver involved in commercial diving operations shall comply with the requirements of Sections 6059 thru 6063 of these orders.
Exception: This standard does not apply to the following diving operations:This standard does not apply to the following diving operations:
(A) Commercial diving operations under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Coast Guard which includes all commercial diving operations taking place offshore and from all vessels required to have a certificate of inspection issued by the Coast Guard.
(B) Diving operations performed solely for search, rescue, or related public safety purposes under the control of and performed by employees of a state or local governmental agency.
(C) Diving operations performed solely for instruction purposes, using open-circuit, compressed-air SCUBA and breathhold diving conducted within the no-decompression limits.
(D) Diving operations governed by 45 CFR Part 46 (Protection of Human Subjects, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare), or equivalent rules or regulations established by another Federal agency, which regulate research, development, or related purposes involving human subjects.
(E) Scientific diving operations under the direction and control of a diving program containing at least the following elements:
1. Diving safety manual which includes at a minimum: procedures covering all diving operations specific to the program; procedures for emergency care, including recompression and evacuation; and criteria for diver training and certification.
2. Diving control (safety) board, with the majority of its members being active divers, which shall at a minimum have the authority to: Approve and monitor diving projects; review and revise the diving safety manual; assure compliance with the manual; certify the depths to which a diver has been trained; take disciplinary action for unsafe practices; and, assure adherence to the buddy system (a diver is accompanied by and is in continuous contact with another diver in the water) for SCUBA diving.
(2) Deviations from this Standard.
(A) An employer may deviate from the requirements of this standard to the extent necessary to prevent or minimize a situation which is likely to cause death, serious physical harm, or major environmental damage, provided that the person-in-charge:
1. Notifies the Division within 48 hours of the onset of the emergency situation indicating the nature of the emergency and extent of the deviation from the prescribed regulations; and
2. Upon request from the Division, submits such information in writing.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3 Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6051. Definitions.
As used in this Article, the listed terms are as follows:
Acfm. Actual cubic feet per minute.
ASME Code or Equivalent. ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, or an equivalent code which the employer can demonstrate to be equally effective.
ATA. Atmosphere absolute.
Agricultural Diving. All diving operations (including maricultural and aquacultural diving) performed by agricultural employees necessary to a farming activity including but not limited to maintenance planting, cultivation, growing or harvesting not conducted by a commercial diver.
Aquaculture (Mariculture). The culture and husbandry of aquatic organisms.
Bell. An enclosed compartment, pressurized (closed bell) or unpressurized (open bell), which allows the diver to be transported to and from the underwater work area which may be used as a temporary refuge during diving operations.
Bottom Time. The total elapsed time measured in minutes from the time when the diver leaves the surface in descent to the time that the diver begins ascent.
Breath-hold Diving. A diving mode in which the diver uses no self-contained or surface-supplied air or oxygen supply.
Bursting Pressure. The pressure at which a pressure containment device would fail structurally.
Commercial Diver. A diver hired for underwater work who is engaged in commercial diving operations.
Commercial Diving Operations. All diving operations in which construction, demolition, repair, maintenance, shipbuilding, shipbreaking or ship repair, work is performed.
Cylinder. A pressure vessel for the storage of gases.
Decompression Chamber. A pressure vessel for human occupancy such as a surface decompression chamber, closed bell, or deep diving systems used to decompress divers and to treat decompression sickness.
Decompression Sickness. A condition with a variety of symptoms which may result from gas and bubbles in the tissues of divers after pressure reduction.
Decompression Table. A profile or set of profiles of depth-time relationships for ascent rates and breathing mixtures to be followed after a specific depth-time exposure or exposures.
Dive Location. A surface or vessel from which a diving operation is conducted.
Dive-Location Reserve Breathing Gas. A supply system of air or mixed gas (as appropriate) at the dive location which is independent of the primary supply system and sufficient to support divers during the planned decompression.
Diver. An employee working in water who using apparatus, including snorkels, which supplies breathing gas at ambient pressure.
Diver-in-Training. An employee gaining experience and training in additional diving activities under the supervision of a dive team member experienced in those activities.
Diver-Carried Reserve Breathing Gas. A diver-carried supply of air or mixed gas (as appropriate) sufficient under standard operating conditions to allow the diver to reach the surface, or another source of breathing gas, or to be reached by a standby diver .
Dive Site. The physical location of a diver during a dive which may be on the surface or underwater.
Dive Team. Divers and support employees who are exposed to or control the exposure of others to hyperbaric conditions, including the designated person-in-charge.
Diving Mode. A type of diving requiring specific equipment, procedures and techniques (SCUBA, surface-supplied air, or mixed gas).
Fsw. Feet of seawater (or equivalent static pressure head).
Heavy Gear. Diver-worn, deep-sea dress including but not limited to helmet, breastplate, dry suit.
HOOKAH Diving. A type of shallow water surface-supplied diving where the diver uses the second stage of a SCUBA regulator connected to a non-return valve and hose to a surface air source.
Hyperbaric Conditions. Pressure conditions in excess of normal atmospheric pressure at the dive site.
Inwater Stage. A suspended underwater platform which supports a diver in the water.
Liveboating. The practice of supporting a surfaced-supplied air or mixed gas diver from a vessel which is underway.
Maximum Working Pressure. The maximum pressure to which a containment device may be exposed under standard operating conditions.
Mixed-Gas Diving. A diving mode in which the diver is supplied in the water with a breathing gas other than air.
Msw. Meters of seawater (or equivalent static pressure head).
No-Decompression Limits. The depth-time limits of the "no-decompressions limits and repetitive dive group designations table for no-decompression air dives." U.S. Navy diving Manual or equivalent limits which the employer can demonstrate to be equally effective.
Pressure-Related Injury. Any injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium within the body as the result of hyperbaric exposure such as: decompression sickness, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, air embolism, or subcutaneous emphysema.
Psi(g). Pounds per square inch (gauge).
Scientific Diving. All diving performed solely as a necessary part of a scientific research, or educational activity by employees whose sole purpose for diving is to perform scientific research tasks. Scientific diving does not include performing any tasks usually associated with commercial diving such as: placing or removing heavy objects underwater, inspection of pipelines and similar objects; construction; demolition; cutting or welding; or the use of explosives.
SCUBA Diving. A diving mode independent of surface supply in which the diver uses open circuit self-contained underwater breathing apparatus.
Standby Diver. A diver at the dive location capable of rendering immediate assistance to a diver in the water.
Surface-Supplied Air Diving. A diving mode in which the diver in the water is supplied from the dive location with compressed air for breathing.
Technical Diving. All diving other than scientific or commercial diving performed by employees in making or performing observations, measurements, adjustments, underwater photography or special effects and related activities, etc., which require technical expertise and are not an integral part of an ongoing construction, demolition, repair, maintenance, shipbuilding, shipbreaking, or ship repair job.
Treatment Table. A depth-time and breathing gas profile designed to treat decompression sickness.
Umbilical. The composite hose bundle between a dive location and a diver or bell, or between a diver and a bell, which supplies the diver or bell with breathing gas, communications, power, or heat as appropriate to the diving mode or conditions, and includes a safety line between the diver and the dive location.
Volume Tank. A pressure vessel connected to the outlet of a compressor and used as an air reservoir.
Working Pressure. The normal pressure at which the system is designed to operate.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6052. General Requirements.
(a) Employer Obligation.
(1) The employer shall be responsible for compliance with:
(A) All provisions of this standard of general applicability; and
(B) All requirements pertaining to specific modes to the extent diving operations in such modes are conducted.
(2) The employer shall not:
(A) Require a dive team member to be exposed to hyperbaric conditions against the employee's will, except when necessary to prevent or treat pressure related injury.
(B) Permit a dive team member to dive for the duration of any physical impairment or condition which is known to the employer and is likely to affect adversely the safety or health of the employee or other dive team members.
(b) Requirement for a Manual for Diving Safety. The employer shall develop and maintain a Manual for Diving Safety which shall be made available to each dive team member. The emergency evacuation and emergency medical treatment sections of the Manual for Diving Safety shall be abstracted and with the decompression, repetitive, and no-decompression tables (as appropriate) be available at the dive location.
(c) The Dive Team.
(1) Person-in-Charge:
(A) Definition and Authority: The employer or a person appointed by the employer shall be designated as the person-in-charge. This person shall be in charge of all aspects of the diving operation and shall be at the dive location or the dive site during the diving operation.
(B) Qualifications: The person-in-charge shall have experience and training to conduct the diving operation.
(C) Responsibilities.
1. Coordination. Diving shall be coordinated with other known activities in the vicinity which are likely to interfere with diving operations.
2. Briefing. The dive team members shall be briefed on:
(i) Dive objectives;
(ii) Any unusual hazards or environmental conditions likely to affect the safety of the diving operation;
(iii) Any modifications to diving or emergency procedures necessitated by the specific diving operation;
(iv) Immediately reporting any physical problems or adverse physiological effects including symptoms of pressure related injuries.
3. Pre-Dive Inspection. The designated-person-in-charge shall ascertain that the diver has conducted a functional check of his or her own diving equipment and shall inquire into the diver's current state of diving fitness.
4. Post Dive Procedures.
(i) After the completion of a day's diving, the designated-person-in-charge shall observe the physical condition of each diver and shall conduct an interview with each diver regarding any physical problems or symptoms of decompression sickness.
(ii) When diving outside the no-decompression limits, deeper that 100 fsw or using mixed gas as a breathing mixture, the employer shall insure the diver remains awake for at least one hour after diving (including decompression or treatment if appropriate), and in the vicinity of the decompression chamber (if required at the dive location), or in the company of a dive team member who is prepared to transport the diver to a decompression chamber if necessary.
(2) Diver. Qualifications: The diver shall be trained and qualified for the diving mode being used and shall have the training and experience to participate in diving activities in a safe and healthful manner.
(3) Diver-in-Training. Qualifications: The diver-in-training shall have the training and experience to participate in the training activity in safe and healthful manner.
(d) Dive Team Training and Experience.
(1) Each dive team member shall have experience or training in the following:
(A) The use of the instruments and equipment appropriate to the diving activity to be conducted.
(B) Techniques of the diving mode to be used.
(C) Dive planning and emergency procedures.
(2) All dive team members shall be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, diver rescue techniques and diving related first aid.
(3) Dive team members who are exposed to or control the exposure of others to hyperbaric conditions shall be trained in diving-related physics and physiology and recognition of pressure related injuries.
(e) Warning Flag. When diving in areas capable of supporting marine traffic, either:
(1) A rigid replica of the international code flag "A" at least one meter in height shall be displayed at the dive location in a manner which allows all-round visibility, and shall be illuminated during night diving operations, or
(2) The use of a smaller code flag "A" shall be permitted for shallow diving, commensurate with the size of boats, skiffs, or other surface floats used in the dive operation, or
(3) A flag and/or other signal required by the agency which has jurisdiction at the dive location shall be displayed to indicate that diving operations are being conducted.
(f) First-Aid Supplies.
(1) A first-aid kit adequate for the diving operation shall be available at the dive location.
(2) When used in a decompression chamber or bell, the first-aid kit shall be suitable for use under hyperbaric conditions.
(g) Record of Dive.
(1) The following information shall be recorded for each diving operation and retained for a period of one year.
(A) Names of dive team members including designated person-in-charge;
(B) Date, time and location;
(C) Diving modes used;
(D) General nature of diving activity;
(E) Approximate underwater and surface conditions (visibility, water temperature and current);
(F) Maximum depth, bottom time, surface interval time and mixed-gas profiles (if used) for each diver.
(G) Diving tables used if other than U.S. Navy Standard Air Table.
(2) If pressure related injuries are suspected or if symptoms are evident, the following additional information shall be recorded and retained with the record of dive for a period of 5 years.
(A) Description of symptoms (including depths and time of onset); and
(B) Description and results of treatment.
(3) Pressure Related Injury Assessment. The employer shall:
(A) Investigate and document any incident of pressure related injury.
(B) Prepare a written report of the incident resulting in the pressure related injury, including any corrective action taken, within 45 days of the incident. This report shall be retained for a period of 5 years.
(C) Take appropriate corrective action to reduce the probability of recurrence.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6053. Medical Requirements of Dive Team.
(a) General.
(1) The employer shall determine that dive team members who are, or are likely to be, exposed to hyperbaric conditions have passed a current physical examination and have been declared medically fit to engage in diving activities.
(2) The employer shall provide each diver with all medical examinations required by this standard.
(3) All medical examinations required by this standard shall be performed by, or under the direction of, a licensed physician.
(b) Frequency of Medical Examinations. Medical examinations shall be provided:
(1) Before an employee may dive, unless an equivalent medical examination has been given within the preceding 12 months and the employer has obtained the results of the examination and an opinion from the examining physician of the employee's medical fitness to dive.
(2) At one year intervals from the date of initial examination or last equivalent examination; and
(3) After an injury or illness requiring hospitalization of more than twenty-four (24) hours.
(4) After an episode of unconsciousness related to diving activity.
(c) Information Provided to Examining Physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician.
(1) A copy of the medical requirements of this standard;
(2) A summary of the nature and extent of the diving conditions to which the dive team member will be exposed, including diving modes and the level of physical activity which is expected.
(d) Content of Medical Examinations:
(1) Medical examinations conducted initially and annually shall consist of the following:
(A) General medical history;
(B) Diving-related medical history;
(C) Basic physical examination;
(D) The tests required by Table I; and
(E) Any additional tests the physician considers necessary.
(2) Medical examinations conducted after an injury or illness requiring hospitalization of more than 24 hours or after an episode of unconsciousness related to diving activity shall be appropriate to the nature and extent of the injury or illness as determined by the examining physician.
Table I. Tests for Diving Medical Examination Initial Annual
____________________________________________________
Initial Annual
Test Examination Reexamination
____________________________________________________
Chest X-Ray X (b)
Visual acuity X X
Color blindness X
Master's Step Test
(or equivalent) X X(a)
Hearing Test X X
Hematocrit or hemoglobin X X
Sickle cell index X
White cell count X X
Urinalysis X X
____________________________________________________
(a) for those age 35 or older
(b) every 2 years
(e) Physician's Written Report.
(1) After any medical examination required by this standard, the employer shall obtain a written report prepared by the examining physician which shall contain the examining physician's opinion of the employee's fitness to dive, including any recommended restrictions or limitations (See Appendix A). The report shall not include diagnosis or details unrelated to diving.
(2) The employer shall provide the employee with a copy of the physician's written report.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6054. Manual for Diving Safety.
(a) The Manual for Diving Safety shall include, but not be limited to:
(1) A copy of this standard and the employer's policies for implementing the requirements of this standard.
(2) For each diving mode engaged in:
(A) Safety procedures for the diving operation;
(B) Responsibilities of the dive team members;
(C) Equipment procedures;
(D) Emergency procedures.
(3) Emergency Evacuation and Emergency Medical Treatment Procedures.
(A) A listing of operational recompression chambers and appropriate medical facilities.
(B) For each diving location a procedure shall be established to transport a diver to an operational recompression chamber in the event of a diving accident.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6055. Dive Planning.
(a) Planning of a diving operation shall include considerations of the safety and health aspects of the following:
(1) Diving mode;
(2) Surface and underwater conditions and hazards;
(3) Breathing gas supply;
(4) Thermal protection;
(5) Diving equipment;
(6) Dive team assignments;
(7) Residual inert gas status of dive team members;
(8) Decompression schedules and altitude corrections;
(9) Emergency procedures.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6056. Basic Operation Procedures.
(a) SCUBA Diving (Compressed Air and Mixed Gas).
(1) Limits:
(A) Compressed air SCUBA diving shall not be conducted at depths greater than 130 fsw (40 msw).
Exception: SCUBA diving to a maximum depth of 190 fsw (58 msw) is permitted for scientific and technical diving operations, providing the diver(s) has been certified for the depth reached.
(B) SCUBA diving shall not be conducted at depths greater than 100 fsw (30 msw) unless a recompression chamber is ready for use or procedures have been established at the dive location for emergency evacuation of the diver(s) to a recompression chamber.
SCUBA diving shall not be conducted at depths greater than 100 fsw (30 msw) and outside no-decompression limits unless a decompression chamber is available within four (4) hours of the dive location.
(C) SCUBA diving shall not be conducted against currents exceeding 3 knots unless line-tended.
(2) Procedures.
(A) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water; or
(B) A diver shall be line-tended from the surface; or,
(C) A SCUBA diver shall be accompanied in the water by another SCUBA diver and they shall remain in effective communication with each other throughout the diving operation.
(D) A diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces; or an orientation line shall be used in enclosed spaces where there is a probability of entrapment or disorientation.
(E) If loss of effective communication occurs, within a buddy team, all divers shall surface and re-establish contact.
(F) Each diver or buddy team shall have an adequate depth gauge and underwater time keeping device.
(G) Each diver shall have a submersible pressure gauge for monitoring SCUBA tank pressure, capable of being monitored by the diver during the dive.
(H) The dive shall be terminated while there is still sufficient tank pressure to permit the diver to safely reach the surface (including decompression time if a decompression chamber is not provided at the dive site).
(I) Each diver shall have the capability of achieving and maintaining positive buoyancy.
(3) If mixed gas is used as the breathing media, appropriate diving tables shall be used.
(4) Closed and semi-closed circuit SCUBA (rebreathers) shall meet the following requirements:
(A) Oxygen partial pressure (PO sub2) in the breathing gas shall not exceed 1.5 Atmospheres at depths greater than 25 fsw (7.6 msw).
(B) Chemicals used for the absorption of carbon dioxide shall be kept in a cool, dry location in a sealed container until required for use.
(C) The designated-person-in-charge shall determine that the carbon dioxide absorption canister is used in accordance with the manufacturer's specification.
(D) Each diver shall be notified of the absorption time of the canister before entering the water.
(E) Closed and semi-closed diving equipment will not be used at a depth greater than that recommended by the manufacturer of the equipment.
(5) HOOKAH.
(A) HOOKAH divers shall comply with all SCUBA diving procedures in this section except for the depth limitations contained in Section 6056(a)(1). HOOKAH diving shall not be conducted at depths greater than 190 fsw (58 msw).
(B) Divers using the HOOKAH mode shall be equipped with an independent reserve breathing gas supply and regulator.
(C) Each HOOKAH diver shall be hose tended by a separate dive team member while in the water.
(D) The HOOKAH breathing gas supply shall be sufficient to support all HOOKAH divers in the water for the duration of the planned dive, including decompression.
(b) Surface-Supplied-Air-Diving.
(1) Limits.
(A) Surface-supplied air dives with bottom times greater than 30 minutes shall be conducted at depths not to exceed 190 fsw (58 msw). Dives with bottom times of less than 30 minutes may be conducted to depths of 220 fsw (67 msw).
(B) Except when heavy gear is worn or diving is conducted in physically confining spaces a bell shall be used for dives with inwater decompression times greater than 120 minutes.
(C) For heavy-gear diving deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits:
1. An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water shall be available to the standby diver.
Note: The pneumofathometer hose if equivalent to the breathing gas hose in strength and flow capacity and properly plumbed to breathing gas source, will be considered satisfactory for this purpose.
2. An inwater stage shall be provided to divers in the water.
(D) Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided whenever the diver is prevented by the configuration of the dive area from ascending directly to the surface.
(2) Procedures.
(A) A separate dive team member shall continuously tend each diver in the water;
(B) Continuous two-way voice communications between the diver and the surface shall be maintained for each surface supplied diver in the water.
(C) A standby diver equipped with surface-supplied gear or a pair of SCUBA divers shall hose tend at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces.
(D) Each diving operation shall have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support all divers in the water for the duration of the planned dive, including decompression.
(E) For dives deeper than 100 fsw (30 msw) or outside the no-decompression limits:
1. A standby diver shall be available while a surface supplied diver is in the water;
2. A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver.
3. A dive-location reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided.
(F) Gauges and Timekeeping Devices.
1. Gauges indicating diver depth which can be read at the dive location or dive site shall be used for all dives.
2. A timekeeping device shall be available at each dive location.
(c) Liveboating.
(1) General. Employers engaged in diving operations involving liveboating shall comply with the following requirements.
(2) Limits. Diving operations involving liveboating shall not be conducted:
(A) With an inwater decompression time of greater than 120 minutes;
(B) Using surface-supplied air at depths deeper than 190 fsw, except that dives with bottom times of 30 minutes or less may be conducted to depths of 220 fsw;
(C) Using mixed gas at depths greater than 220 fsw;
(D) In rough seas which significantly impede diver mobility or work function; or
(E) In other than daylight hours.
(3) Procedures.
(A) The propeller of the vessel shall be stopped while the diver enters or exits the water.
(B) A device shall be used which minimizes the possibility of entanglement of the diver's hose in the propeller of the vessel.
(C) Two-way voice communication between the tender(s) and the person controlling the vessel shall be available while the diver is in the water.
(D) A standby diver other than the operator of the vessel shall be available while a diver is in the water.
(E) A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be carried by each diver engaged in liveboating operations.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6057. Equipment Procedures and Requirements.
(a) Recordkeeping. Each equipment modification, repair, test, calibration or maintenance service be logged including the date and nature of work performed, serial number of the item and the name of the person performing the work for the following equipment:
Compressors
Regulators
SCUBA tanks
Diving helmets
Submersible breathing masks
Submersible pressure gauges
Depth gauges
Tank valves
Gas control panels
Analytical instruments
(b) SCUBA.
(1) Regulators. Regulators shall be submitted to functional test every six months at which time, at a breathing rate of 15 breaths per minute the regulator must have an exhalation pressure not to exceed 3 inches of water nor a negative inhalation pressure not to exceed minus 3 inches of water.
(2) SCUBA tanks.
(A) SCUBA tanks shall be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 454, Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders, Title 8, California Administrative Code;
(B) SCUBA tanks must be hydrostatically tested in accordance with DOT standards.
(C) SCUBA tanks must have an internal visual inspection at intervals not to exceed 12 months.
(D) SCUBA tank valves shall be functionally tested at intervals not to exceed 12 months.
(3) Submersible Pressure Gauges. Submersible pressure gauges shall be tested against a master gauge at intervals not to exceed six months.
(4) Buoyancy Compensators.
(A) A dry suit or other variable volume bouyancy compensation device shall be equipped with an exhaust valve.
(B) Buoyancy compensation devices shall be functionally inspected at intervals not to exceed six months.
(5) Submersible Depth Gauge. Each depth gauge shall be tested or calibrated every six months and when there is reasonable cause to believe a discrepancy exists.
(6) Weight Belts and Harnesses. Weight belts and harnesses used by SCUBA divers shall be capable of quick release.
(7) Underwater Breathing Masks and Helmets. Underwater breathing masks and helmets used at SCUBA must meet the requirements for the same equipment used in the surface supplied mode.
(c) Surface Supplied Diving.
(1) Underwater Breathing Masks and Helmets.
(A) Breathing masks and helmets shall have:
1. A non-return valve at the attachment point between helmet or mask hose which shall close readily and positively; and
2. An exhaust valve.
(B) Breathing masks and helmets shall have a minimum ventilation rate capability of 4.5 acfm at any depth at which they are operated or the capability of maintaining the diver's inspired carbon dioxide partial pressure below 0.02 ATA when the diver is producing carbon dioxide at the rate of 1.6 standard liters per minute.
(2) Hoses and Umbilicals.
(A) Hoses used in surface supplied diving shall:
1. Have a working pressure equal to that portion of the breathing gas system in which it will be utilized;
2. Have a rated bursting pressure at least equal to 4 times the working pressure;
3. Be tested at least annually to 1.5 times their working pressure; and
4. Have their open ends taped, capped or plugged when not in use.
(B) Breathing gas supply hose connectors shall:
1. Be made of corrosion-resistant materials including cadmium or zinc plated material.
2. Have a working pressure at least equal to the working pressure of the hose to which they are attached; and
3. Be resistant to accidental disengagement from either the hose or the mating connector.
(C) Umbilicals shall:
1. Be marked in 10-ft. increments to 100 feet beginning at the diver and the 50-ft. increments thereafter;
2. Be made of kink-resistant materials; and
3. Have a working pressure greater than the pressure equivalent to the maximum depth of the dive (relative to the supply source) plus 100 psi.
(3) Pneumofathometer Gauges. Each depth gauge shall be deadweight tested or calibrated against a master reference gauge every six months, or when there is a discrepancy greater than two percent (2%) of full scale between any two equivalent gauges.
(4) Buoyancy Control.
(A) Variable volume suits must have an exhaust valve or if connected directly to a helmet must have an air passageway between the suit and helmet.
(B) Bouyancy compensators must be equipped with an exhaust valve.
(5) Weights and Harnesses
(A) When using surface supplied gear, each diver shall wear a safety harness with:
1. A positive buckling device;
2. An attachment point for the umbilical to distribute the pull force of the line and to prevent strain on the mask or helmet.
(6) Compressed Gas Cylinders (except SCUBA tanks)
(A) Compressed gas cylinders shall be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with applicable provisions of Section 454 Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders, Title 8, California Administrative Code.
(B) Be stored in a ventilated area and protected from excessive heat;
(C) Be secured from falling; and
(D) Have shut-off valves recessed into the cylinder or protected by a cap, except when in use or manifolded.
(d) Air Compressor Systems.
(1) Low Pressure Compressors used to supply air to the diver shall be equipped with a volume tank with a check valve on the inlet side, a pressure gauge, a relief valve, and a drain valve.
(2) All air compressor intakes shall be located away from areas containing exhaust or other contaminants.
(3) Compressed air used by divers shall not contain:
(A) A level of carbon monoxide (CO) greater than 20 ppm;
(B) A level of carbon dioxide (CO2) greater than 1,000 ppm;
(C) A level of oil mist greater than 5 milligrams cubic meter; or
(D) A noxious or pronounced odor.
(4) The compressor for supplying air shall be equipped, maintained and its air quality tested as required by Section 5144(i).
(5) Compressed air systems over 500 psig shall have slow-opening shut-off valves.
(e) Oxygen Safety.
(1) Equipment used with oxygen or mixtures containing over forty percent (40%) by volume oxygen shall be designed and maintained for oxygen service.
(2) Components (except umbilicals) exposed to oxygen or mixtures containing over forty percent (40%) by volume oxygen shall be cleaned of flammable materials before being placed into service.
(3) Oxygen systems over 125 psig shall have slow-opening shut-off valves.
(f) Underwater Tools.
(1) Hand-held Power Tools.
(A) Hand-held electrical tools and equipment used underwater shall be specifically approved for this purpose (Electrical Safety Order 2305.4).
(B) Hand-held electrical tools and equipment supplied with power from the surface shall be de-energized before being placed into or retrieved from the water.
(C) Hand-held power tools shall not be supplied with power from the dive location until requested by the diver.
(2) Welding and Burning.
(A) A current supply switch to interrupt the current flow to the welding or burning electrode shall be:
1. Tended by a dive team member in voice communication with the diver performing the welding and burning; and
2. Kept in the open position except when the diver is welding or burning.
(B) The welding machine frame shall be grounded.
(C) Welding and burning cables, electrodes holders, and connections shall be capable of carrying the maximum current required by the work, and shall be properly insulated.
(D) Dielectrically insulated gloves shall be provided to divers performing welding and burning operations.
(E) Prior to welding or burning on closed compartments, structures or pipes, which contain a flammable vapor or in which a flammable vapor may be generated by the work, they shall be vented, flooded, or purged with a mixture of gases which will not support combustion.
(3) Explosives.
(A) Employers shall transport, store, and use explosives in accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of Group 13 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(B) Electrical continuity of explosive circuits shall not be tested until the diver is out of the water.
(C) Explosive shall not be detonated while the diver is in the water.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6058. Recordkeeping Requirements.
(a) Recording and Reporting.
(1) The employer shall record and report occupational injuries and illnesses in accordance with requirements of Labor Code Sections 6409 and 6410.
(2) The employer shall record the occurrence of any diving-related injury or illness which requires any dive team member to be hospitalized for 24 hours or more, specifying the circumstances of the incident and the extent of any injuries or illnesses.
(b) Availability of Records:
(1) Upon the request of the Division, the employer shall make available for inspection and copying any record or document required by Article 152.
(2) Records and documents required by Article 152 shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and authorized representatives of the Division in accordance with Section 3204. Manual for Diving Safety (cf, Sections 6052(b) and 6054), recordings of dives [cf, Section 6052(g)(1) & (2)], decompression procedure assessment evaluations [cf, Section 6052(g)(3)], and records of hospitalizations [cf, Section 6058(a)(2)], shall be provided in the same manner that Section 3204 prescribes for employee exposure records and analyses using exposure or medical records. The same requirements of Section 3204 shall determine the availability of equipment inspection and testing records which pertain to employees (cf, Section 6059).
(3) Records and documents required by this standard shall be retained by the employer for the following period:
(A) Physician's written reports of medical examinations for dive team members 5 years;
(B) Manual for diving safety, current document only;
(C) Record of dive1 year, except 5 years where there has been an incident of pressure related injury.
(D) Pressure related injury assessment 5 years;
(E) Equipment inspection and testing records current entry or tag, or until equipment is withdrawn from service;
(F) Records of hospitalization 5 years.
(4) Whenever an employer ceases to do business, all applicable records maintained under the requirements of this section shall be transferred to the successor employer or their continued maintenance.
(5) If an employer ceases to do business and there is no successor employer (or whenever the retention period of any record required to be kept for 5 years expires), the record shall be forwarded by registered mail to the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fisher Lane, Rockville, MD 20852.
The employer shall also comply with any additional requirements involving the transfer of records set forth in Section 3204.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6059. General.
(a) Scope.
(1) This article contains additional requirements which shall be followed in commercial diving and related support operations. These orders shall take precedence wherever they address identical situations covered by the General Diving Safety Orders Section 6050 through 6058.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6060. Procedures During Dive.
(a) General. The employer shall comply with the following requirements which are applicable to each diving operation unless otherwise specified.
(b) Water Entry Exit.
(1) A means capable of supporting the diver shall be provided for entering and exiting the water.
(2) The means provided for exiting the water shall extend below the water surface.
(3) A means shall be provided to assist an injured diver from the water or into a bell.
Exception: This subsection shall not apply to SCUBA diving operations.
(c) Communications.
(1) An operational two-way voice communication system shall be used on all dives between:
(A) Each surface-supplied air or mixed-gas diver and a dive team member at the dive location or bell (when provided or required); and
(B) The bell and dive location.
(2) An operational two-way communication system shall be available at the dive location to obtain emergency assistance.
Exception: This subsection, (c) communications, shall not apply to SCUBA and HOOKAH diving operation conducted within no-decompression limits.
(d) Dive Profiles. A depth-timer, profile, including when appropriate any breathing gas changes, shall be maintained for each diver during the dive including decompression.
Exception: This subsection shall not apply to SCUBA and HOOKAH diving operations conducted within no-decompression limits.
(e) Termination of Dive. The working interval of a dive shall be terminated when:
(1) A diver requests termination;
(2) A diver fails to respond correctly to communications or signals from the dive team member or the "buddy diver";
(3) Communications are lost and cannot be quickly re-established between the diver and a dive team member at the dive location, and between the designated person-in-charge and the person controlling the vessel in liveboating operations; or
(4) A diver begins to use diver-carried reserve breathing gas or the dive-location reserve breathing gas.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 6061. Specific Operations Procedures.
(a) Mixed-Gas Diving.
(1) General. Employers engaged in mixed-gas diving shall comply with the following requirements, unless otherwise specified.
(2) Limits. Mixed-gas diving shall be conducted only when:
(A) A decompression chamber is ready for use at the dive location; and
1. A bell is used at depths greater than 220 fsw or when the dive involves inwater decompression time of greater than 120 minutes, except when heavy gear is worn or when diving in physically confining spaces; or
2. A closed bell is used at depths greater than 300 fsw, except when diving is conducted in physically confining spaces, or heavy-gear diving up to 350 fsw.
(3) Procedures.
(A) A separate dive team member shall tend each diver in the water.
(B) A standby diver shall be available while a diver is in the water.
(C) A diver shall be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces.
(D) Each diving operation shall have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support diving for the duration of the planned dive including decompression.
(E) Each diving operation shall have a dive-location reserve breathing gas supply.
(F) When heavy gear is worn:
1. An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water shall be available to the standby diver; and
Note: The pneumofathometer hose, if equivalent to the breathing gas hose in strength and flow capacity and properly plumbed to breathing gas source, will be considered satisfactory for this purpose.
2. An underwater stage shall be provided to divers in the water.
(G) An inwater stage shall be provided for divers without access to a bell for dives deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits.
(H) When a closed bell is used, one dive team member in the bell shall be available and tend the diver in the water.
(I) Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply shall be provided for each diver:
1. Diving deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits; or
2. Prevented by the configuration of the dive area from directly ascending to the surface.
Note: Authority cited: Section142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code. (continued)