CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
7,000 1,570,000 40,000 6,570,000
8,000 1,760,000
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(g) For tanks containing stable liquids, the required air-flow rate of (d) or (f) may be multiplied by the appropriate factor listed in the following schedule when protection is provided as indicated. Only one factor may be used for any one tank.
.5 For drainage in accordance with Section 5595(b) for tanks over 200 square feet of wetted area.
.3 For approved water spray in accordance with Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, NFPA No. 15, and drainage in accordance with Section 5595(b). .3 For approved insulation in accordance with (g)(1).
.15 For approved water spray with approved insulation in accordance with (g)(1) and drainage in accordance with Section 5595(b).
(1) Insulation systems for which credit is taken shall meet the following performance criteria and shall be subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction:
(A) Remain in place under fire exposure conditions.

(B) Withstand dislodgment when subjected to hose stream impingement during fire exposure. This requirement may be waived where use of solid hose streams is not contemplated or would not be practical.
(C) Maintain a maximum conductance value of 4.0 Btu's per hour per square foot per degree degrees F (Btu/hr./sq.ft./ degrees F) when the outer insulation jacket or cover is at a temperature of 1,660 degrees F and when the mean temperature of the insulation is 1,000 degrees F.
(h) The outlet of all vents and vent drains on tanks equipped with emergency venting to permit pressures exceeding 2.5 psig shall be arranged to discharge in such a way as to prevent localized overheating of or flame impingement on any part of the tank, in the event vapors from such vents are ignited.
(i) Each commercial tank venting device shall have stamped on it the opening pressure, the pressure at which the valve reaches the full open position and the flow capacity at the latter pressure. If the start to open pressure is less than 2.5 psig and the pressure at full open position is greater than 2.5 psig, the flow capacity at 2.5 psig shall also be stamped on the venting device. The flow capacity shall be expressed in cubic feet per hour of air at 60 F. and 14.7 psia.

(1) The flow capacity of tank venting devices under 8 inches in nominal pipe size shall be determined by actual test of each type and size of vent. These flow tests may be conducted by the manufacturer if certified by a qualified impartial observer, or may be conducted by a qualified impartial outside agency. The flow capacity of tank venting devices 8 inches nominal pipe size and larger, including manhole covers with long bolts or equivalent, may be calculated provided that the opening pressure is actually measured, the rating pressure and corresponding free orifice area are stated, the word "calculated" appears on the nameplate, and the computation is based on a flow coefficient of 0.5 applied to the rated orifice area.
(2) A suitable formula for this calculation is:
CFH = 1,667 C subf A <>(P subt P suba)
where CFH = venting requirement in cubic feet of free air per hour C subf = 0.5 (the flow coefficient) A = the orifice are in sq. in. P subt = the absolute pressure inside the tank in inches of water P suba = the absolute atmospheric pressure outside the tank in inches of water

s 5594. Vent Piping for Aboveground Tanks.
(a) Vent piping shall be constructed in accordance with Article 146.
(b) Where vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Class I liquids are adjacent to buildings or public ways, they shall be located so that the vapors are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. In order to aid their dispersion, vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally away from closely adjacent walls. Vent outlets shall be located so that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least five feet from building openings.
(c) The manifolding of tank vent piping shall be avoided except where required for special purposes such as vapor recovery, vapor conservation or air pollution control. When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be such as to discharge, within the pressure limitations of the system, the vapors they may be required to handle when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire exposure.
(d) Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids, to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of the less volatile liquid.

s 5595. Drainage, Dikes and Walls for Aboveground Tanks.
(a) The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks storing Class I, Class II or Class IIIA liquids shall be provided with drainage as in (b), or shall be diked as provided in (c), to prevent accidental discharge of liquid from endangering employees or facilities. Tanks storing Class IIIB liquids do not require drainage or dikes.
(b) Where protection is by means of a natural or man-made drainage system, such systems shall comply with the following:
(1) A slope of not less than 1 percent away from the tank toward the drainage system shall be provided.
(2) The drainage system shall terminate in vacant land or other area or in an impounding basin having a capacity not smaller than that of the largest tank served. This termination area and the route of the drainage system shall be so located that, if the flammable or combustible liquids in the drainage system are ignited, the fire will not seriously expose tanks or adjoining property.
(3) The drainage system, including automatic drainage pumps, shall not discharge to adjoining property, natural water courses, public sewers, or public drains unless the discharge of flammable or combustible liquids would not constitute a hazard, or the system is so designed that it will not permit flammable or combustible liquids to be released.
(c) Where protection is accomplished by retaining the liquid around the tank by means of a dike, the volume of the diked area shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) The volumetric capacity of the diked area shall not be less than the greatest amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked area, assuming a full tank. To allow for volume occupied by tanks, the capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated after deducting the volume of the tanks, other than the largest tank, below the height of the dike.
(2) Walls of the diked area shall be of earth, steel, concrete or solid masonry designed to be liquid-tight and to withstand a full hydrostatic head. Earthen walls 3 feet or more in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than 2 feet wide. The slope of an earthen wall shall be consistent with the angle or repose of the material of which the wall is constructed. Diked areas for tanks containing Class I liquids located in extremely porous soils may require special treatment to prevent seepage of hazardous quantities of liquids to low lying areas or waterways in case of spills.
(3) Except as provided in (4) below, the walls of earthen dikes shall be restricted to an average interior height of six feet above interior grade.
(4) Dikes may be higher than an average of six feet above interior grade where provisions are made for normal and necessary emergency access to tanks, valves and other equipment, and safe egress from the diked enclosure.
(A) Where the average height of the dike containing Class I liquids is over 12 feet high, measured from interior grade, or where the distance between any tank and the top inside edge of the dike wall is less than the height of the dike wall, provisions shall be made for normal operation of valves and for access to tank roof(s) without entering below the top of the dike. These provisions may be met through the use of remote operated valves, elevated walkways or similar arrangements.
(B) Piping passing through dike walls shall be designed to prevent excessive stresses as a result of settlement or fire exposure.
(C) The minimum distance between tanks and toe of the interior dike walls shall be five feet.
(5) Where provision is made for draining water from diked areas, drainage shall be provided at a uniform slope of not less than one percent away from tanks toward a sump, drainbox or other safe means of disposal located at the greatest practical distance from the tank. Such drains shall normally be controlled in a manner so as to prevent flammable or combustible liquids from entering natural water courses, public sewers, or public drains, if their presence would constitute a hazard. Control of drainage shall be accessible under fire conditions and outside the dike.
(6) No loose combustible material, empty or full drum or barrel, shall be permitted within the diked area.
(7) Each diked area containing two or more tanks shall be subdivided preferably by drainage channels or at least by intermediate curbs in order to prevent spills from endangering adjacent tanks within the diked area as follows:
(A) When storing normally stable liquids in vertical cone roof tanks constructed with weak roof-to-shell seam or approved floating roof tanks or when storing crude petroleum in producing areas in any type of tank, one subdivision for each tank in excess of 10,000 bbls. and one subdivision for each group of tanks (no tank exceeding 10,000 bbls. capacity) having an aggregate capacity not exceeding 15,000 bbls.
(B) When storing normally stable flammable or combustible liquids in tanks not covered in subparagraph (1), one subdivision for each tank in excess of 100,000 gallons (2,500 bbls.) and one subdivision for each group of tanks (no tank exceeding 100,000 gallons capacity) having an aggregate capacity not exceeding 150,000 gallons (3,570 bbls.).
(C) When storing unstable liquids in any type of tank, one subdivision for each tank except that tanks installed in accordance with the drainage requirements of the Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, NFPA No. 15- 1973, shall require no additional subdivision. Since unstable liquids will react more rapidly when heated than when at ambient temperatures, subdivision by drainage channels is the preferred method.
(D) The drainage channels or intermediate curbs shall be located between tanks so as to take full advantage of the available space with due regard for the individual tank capacities. Intermediate curbs, where used, shall be not less than 18 inches in height.

s 5596. Tank Openings Other Than Vents for Aboveground Tanks.
(a) Connections for all tank openings shall be vapor-tight and liquid-tight.
(b) Openings for gaging on tanks storing Class I liquids shall be provided with a vaportight cap or cover. Such covers shall be closed when not gaging.
(c) For Class IB and Class IC liquids other than crude oils, gasolines and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity. A fill pipe entering the top of a tank shall terminate within six inches of the bottom of the tank and shall be installed to avoid excessive vibration.
(d) Filling and emptying connections for Class I, Class II and Class IIIA liquids which are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than five feet away from any building opening. Such connections for any liquid shall be closed and liquid-tight when not in use and shall be properly identified.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5597. Installation of Underground Tanks.
(a) Excavation for underground storage tanks shall be made with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of existing structures. Underground tanks or tanks under buildings shall be so located with respect to existing building foundations and supports that the loads carried by the latter cannot be transmitted to the tank. The distance from any part of a tank storing Class I liquids to the nearest wall of any basement or pit shall be not less than one foot, and to any property line that may be built upon, not less than three feet. The distance from any part of a tank storing Class II or Class III liquids to the nearest wall of any basement, pit or property line shall be not less than one foot.
(b) Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and surrounded with at least six inches of noncorrosive, inert materials such as clean sand, earth or gravel well tamped in place. The tank shall be placed in the hole with care since dropping or rolling the tank into the hole can break a weld, puncture or damage the tank or scrape off the protective coating of coated tanks. Tanks shall be covered with a minimum of two feet of earth, or shall be covered with not less than one foot of earth, on top of which shall be placed a slab of reinforced concrete not less than four inches thick. When underground tanks are, or are likely to be, subjected to traffic, they shall be protected against damage from vehicles passing over them by at least three feet of earth cover, or 18 inches of well-tamped earth, plus six inches of reinforced concrete or eight inches of asphaltic concrete. When asphaltic or reinforced concrete paving is used as part of the protection, it shall extend at least one foot horizontally beyond the outline of the tank in all directions.
(c) Corrosion protection for the tank and its piping shall be provided by one or more of the following methods:

(1) Use of protective coatings or wrappings;
(2) Cathodic protection; or
(3) Corrosion resistant materials of construction.
Selection of the type of protection to be employed shall be based upon the corrosion history of the area and the judgment of a qualified engineer.

s 5598. Vents for Underground Tanks.
(a) Vent pipes from underground storage tanks storing Class I liquids shall be so located that the discharge point is outside of buildings, higher than the fill pipe opening, and not less than 12 feet above the adjacent ground level. Vent pipes shall not be obstructed by devices that will cause excessive back pressure. Vent outlets shall be so located and directed that flammable vapors will not accumulate or travel to an unsafe location, enter building openings or be trapped under eaves. Tanks containing Class IA liquids shall be equipped with pressure and vacuum venting devices which shall be normally closed except when venting to pressure or vacuum conditions. Tanks storing Class IB or Class IC liquids shall be equipped with pressure-vacuum vents or with approved flame arresters. Tanks storing gasoline are exempt from the requirements for pressure and vacuum venting devices or flame arresters provided the vent does not exceed 3 inches in nominal inside diameter.
(b) Each tank shall be vented through piping adequate in size to prevent blow-back of vapor or liquid at the fill opening while tank is being filled. Vent pipes shall be not less than 1 1/4-inch nominal inside diameter. The vent size depends upon the filling or withdrawal rate whichever is larger, the vent line length and the tank design pressure. Vent piping sized in accordance with Table FL-18 will prevent the pressure in the tank from exceeding 2.5 psig.
Table FL-18 Vent Line Diameters

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Maximum Flow Pipe Length [FNa1]
GPM 50 Feet 100 Feet 200 Feet
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100 1 1/4-inch 1 1/4-inch 1 1/4-inch
200 1 1/4-inch 1 1/4-inch 1 1/4-inch
300 1 1/4-inch 1 1/4-inch 1 1/2-inch
400 1 1/4-inch 1 1/2-inch 2-inch
500 1 1/2-inch 1 1/2-inch 2-inch
600 1 1/2-inch 2-inch 2-inch
700 2-inch 2-inch 2-inch
800 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch
900 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch
1,000 2-inch 2-inch 3-inch
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[FNa1] Vent lines of 50 feet, 100 feet, and 200 feet of pipe plus 7 ells.

(c) Vent pipes from tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids shall terminate outside of building and higher than the fill pipe opening. Vent outlets shall be above normal snow level. They may be fitted with return bends, course screens or other devices to minimize ingress of foreign material.
(d) Vent piping shall be constructed in accordance with Article 146. Vent pipes shall be so laid as to drain toward the tank without sags or traps in which liquid can collect. They shall be located so that they will not be subjected to physical damage. The tank end of the vent pipe shall enter the tank through the top.
(e) When tank vent piping is manifolded, pipe sizes shall be such as to discharge, within the pressure limitations of the system, the vapors they may be required to handle when manifolded tanks are filled simultaneously.
(f) Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors from Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids, to prevent contamination and possible change in classification of the less volatile liquid.

s 5599. Tank Openings Other Than Vents for Underground Tanks.
(a) Connections for all tank openings shall be liquid-tight.
(b) Openings for manual gaging, if independent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a liquid-tight cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gaging. If inside a building, each such opening shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring loaded check valve or other approved device.
(c) Fill and discharge lines shall enter tanks only through the top. Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank.
(d) For Class IB and Class IC liquids other than crude oils, gasolines and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by terminating within six inches of the bottom of the tank.
(e) Filling and emptying connections for Class I, Class II or Class IIIA liquids which are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than five feet away from any building opening. Such connection for any liquid shall be closed and liquid-tight when not in use and shall be properly identified.

s 5600. Installation of Tanks Inside of Buildings.
(a) Location. Tanks shall not be permitted inside of buildings except as provided in Articles 142, 143, 144 or 148.
(b) Vents. Vents for tanks inside of buildings shall be as required in Sections 5592, 5593, 5594(b) and 5598 except that emergency venting by the use of weak roof seams on tanks shall not be permitted. Automatic sprinkler systems designed in accordance with the requirements of the Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA No. 13-1974 may be accepted as equivalent to approved water spray systems for purposes of calculating the required air flow rates for emergency vents in Section 5593(g). Except for tanks containing Class IIIB liquids, vents shall terminate outside the buildings.
(c) Vent Piping. Vent piping shall be constructed in accordance with Article 146.

s 5601. Tank Openings Other Than Vents for Tanks Inside Buildings.
(a) Connections for all tank openings shall be liquid-tight.
(b) Each connection to a tank inside of buildings through which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with an internal or an external valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank.
(c) Flammable or combustible liquid storage tanks located inside of buildings, except in one-story buildings designed and protected for flammable or combustible liquid storage, shall be provided with an automatic-closing heat-actuated valve on each withdrawal connection below the liquid level, except for connections used for emergency disposal, to prevent continued flow in the event of fire in the vicinity of the tank. This function may be incorporated in the valve required in (b), and if a separate valve, shall be located adjacent to the valve required in (b).
(d) Openings for manual gaging of Class I or Class II liquids, if independent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a vaportight cap or cover. Openings shall be kept closed when not gaging. Each such opening for any liquid shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor release by means of a spring loaded check valve or other approved device. Substitutes for manual gaging include, but are not limited to, heavy-duty flat gage glasses, magnetic, hydraulic or hydrostatic remote reading devices and sealed float gages.
(e) For Class IB and Class IC liquids other than crude oils, gasolines and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by terminating within six inches of the bottom of the tank.
(f) The fill pipe inside of the tank shall be installed to avoid excessive vibration of the pipe.
(g) The inlet of the fill pipe for Class I, Class II and Class IIIA liquids shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than five feet away from any building opening. The inlet of the fill pipe for any liquid shall be closed and liquid-tight when not in use, and the fill connection shall be properly identified.
(h) Tanks storing Class I, Class II and Class IIIA liquids inside buildings shall be equipped with a device, or other means shall be provided, to prevent overflow into the building. Suitable devices include, but are not limited to, a float valve, a preset meter on the fill line, a valve actuated by the weight of the tank contents, a low head pump which is incapable of producing overflow, or a liquid-tight overflow pipe at least one pipe size larger than the fill pipe discharging by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or to an approved location.

s 5602. Supports, Foundations and Anchorage for All Tank Locations.
(a) Tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations made of concrete, masonry, piling of steel. Tank foundations shall be designed to minimize the possibility of uneven settling of the tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the foundation.
(b) When tanks are supported above from the foundations, tank supports shall be installed on firm foundations. Supports for tanks storing Class I, Class II or Class IIIA liquids shall be of concrete, masonry or protected steel. Single wood timber supports (not cribbing) laid horizontally may be used for outside aboveground tanks if not more than 12 inches high at their lowest point.
(c) Steel supports or exposed piling for tanks storing Class I, Class II or Class IIIA liquids shall be protected by materials having a fire resistant rating of not less than two hours, except that steel saddles need not be protected if less than 12 inches high at their lowest point. Water spray protection or its equivalent may be used in lieu of fire-resistive materials to protect supports.
(d) The design of the supporting structure for tanks such as spheres shall requires special engineering consideration.
(e) Every tank shall be so supported as to prevent the excessive concentration of loads on the supporting portion of the shell.
(f) In areas subject to earthquakes, the tank supports and connections shall be designed to resist damage as a result of such shocks.

s 5603. Sources of Ignition.
In locations where flammable vapors may be present, precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition by eliminating or controlling sources of ignition. Sources of ignition may include open flames, lightning, smoking, cutting and welding, hot surfaces, frictional heat, sparks (static, electrical and mechanical), spontaneous ignition, chemical and physical-chemical reactions and radiant heat.

s 5604. Testing.
(a) All tanks, whether shop-built or field-erected, shall be tested before they are placed in service in accordance with the applicable paragraphs of the Code under which they were built. The ASME Code stamp, API monogram, or the Listing Mark of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., on a tank shall be evidence of compliance with this test. Tanks not marked in accordance with the above Codes shall be tested before they are placed in service in accordance with good engineering principles and reference shall be made to the sections on testing in the Codes listed in Sections 5585, 5586(b) or 5587(b).
(b) When the vertical length of the fill and vent pipes is such that when filled with liquid the static head imposed upon the bottom of the tank exceeds 10 pounds per square inch, the tank and related piping shall be tested hydrostatically to a pressure equal to the static head thus imposed.
(c) In addition to the test called for in (a) and (b), all tanks and connections shall be tested for tightness. Except for underground tanks, this tightness shall be made at operating pressure with air, inert gas or water prior to placing the tank in service. In the case of field-erected tanks the test called for in (a) or (b) may be considered to be the test for tank tightness. Underground tanks and piping, before being covered, enclosed, or placed in use, shall be tested for tightness hydrostatically, or with air pressure at not less than three pounds per square inch and not more than five pounds per square inch. (See Section 5612 for testing pressure piping).
(d) Before the tank is initially placed in service, all leaks or deformations shall be corrected in an acceptable manner. Mechanical caulking is not permitted for correcting leaks in welded tanks except pin hole leaks in the roof.
(e) Tanks to be operated at pressures below their design pressure may be tested by the applicable provisions of (a) or (b) based upon the pressure developed under full emergency venting of the tank.

s 5605. Protection of Tanks in Locations That May Be Flooded.
Where a tank is located in an area that may be subjected to flooding, installation shall be in accordance with the provisions of NFPA No. 30-1973.

s 5606. General.
(a) The design, fabrication, assembly, test and inspection of piping systems containing flammable or combustible liquids shall be suitable for the expected working pressures and structural stresses. Conformity with the applicable sections of ANSI B31 American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, and the provisions of this chapter, shall be considered prima facie evidence of compliance with the foregoing provisions.
Exceptions:
(1) Tubing or casing on any oil or gas wells and any piping connected directly thereto.
(2) Motor vehicle, aircraft, boat or portable or stationary engine.
(3) Piping within the scope of any applicable boiler and pressure vessel Code.
(b) Piping systems consist of pipe, tubing, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, fittings, the pressure containing parts of other components such as expansion joints and strainers, and devices which serve such purposes as mixing, separating, snubbing, distributing, metering, or controlling flow.

s 5607. Materials for Piping, Valves and Fittings.
(a) Pipe, valves, faucets, fittings and other pressure containing parts as covered in Section 5606(b) shall meet the material specifications and pressure and temperature limitations of the applicable sections of ANSI B31, American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, except as provided by Section 5607(b), (c) and (d). Plastic or similar materials, as permitted by Section 5607(d), shall be designed to specifications embodying recognized engineering principles and shall be compatible with the fluid service.
(b) Nodular iron shall conform to ASTM A-445-70, Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, Pipe Fittings and Other Piping Components. Malleable iron shall conform to ASTM A-47-68, Malleable Iron Castings.
(c) Valves at storage tanks, as required by Sections 5596(b) and 5601(b), and their connections to the tank shall be of steel or nodular iron, or malleable iron except as provided in (1) or (2).
(1) Valves at storage tanks may be other than steel, malleable or nodular iron when the chemical characteristics of the liquid stored are not compatible with steel or when installed internally to the tank. When installed externally to the tank, the material shall have a ductility and melting point comparable to steel or nodular iron so as to withstand reasonable stresses and temperatures involved in fire exposure, or otherwise be protected such as by materials having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours.
(2) Cast iron, brass, copper, aluminum, and similar materials may be used on tanks described in Section 5590(c) or for tanks storing Class IIIB liquids when the tank is located outdoors and not within a diked area or drainage path of a tank storing a Class I, Class II or Class IIIA liquid.
(d) Low melting point materials, such as aluminum, copper and brass; or materials which soften on fire exposure, such as plastics; or nonductile material, such as cast iron, may be used underground for all flammable and combustible liquids within the pressure and temperature limits of the ANSI B31, American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, if such materials are used outdoors in aboveground piping systems handling Class I, Class II or Class IIIA liquids or within buildings handling any flammable or combustible liquid, they shall be either suitably protected against fire exposure, or so located that any leakage resulting from the failure would not unduly expose persons, important buildings or structures or located where leakage can readily be controlled by operation of an accessible remotely located valve or valves.

s 5608. Pipe Joints.
(a) Joints shall be made liquid-tight. Welded or screwed joints or approved connectors shall be used. Threaded joints and connections shall be made up tight with a suitable lubricant or piping compound. Joints and piping systems handling Class I liquids where located in concealed spaces within buildings or structures shall be welded.
(b) Pipe joints dependent upon the friction characteristics of combustible materials for mechanical continuity of piping shall not be used inside buildings. They may be used outside of buildings above or below ground. If used aboveground, the piping shall either be secured to prevent disengagement at the fitting or the piping system shall be so designed that any spill resulting from such disengagement could not unduly expose persons, important buildings or structures, and could be readily controlled by remote valves.

s 5609. Supports.
Piping systems shall be substantially supported and protected against physical impact and excessive stresses arising from settlement, vibration, expansion or contraction.

s 5610. Protection Against Corrosion.
All piping for flammable or combustible liquids, both aboveground and underground, where subject to external corrosion, shall be painted or otherwise protected.

s 5611. Valves.
Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to operate the system properly and to protect the plant. Piping systems in connection with pumps shall contain a sufficient number of valves to control properly the flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of physical damage. Each connection to pipe lines, by which equipment such as tank cars or tank vehicles discharge liquids by means of pumps into storage tanks, shall be provided with a check valve for automatic protection against backflow if the piping arrangement is such that backflow from the system is possible. [See also Section 5596(b)].

s 5612. Testing.
Unless tested in accordance with the applicable sections of ANSI B31, American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, all piping before being covered, enclosed or placed in use shall be hydrostatically tested to 150 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, or pneumatically tested to 110 percent of the maximum anticipated pressure of the system, but not less than 5 pounds per square inch gage at the highest point of the system. This test shall be maintained for a sufficient time to complete visual inspection of all joints and connections, but for at least 10 minutes.

s 5614. Scope.
The requirements contained in this Article shall also apply to petroleum bulk plants which are in addition covered in the Petroleum Safety Orders Refining, Transportation, Handling. (Title 24, T8-5614)

s 5616. Storage.
(a) Class I liquids shall be stored in closed containers, or in storage tanks aboveground outside of buildings, or underground in accordance with Article 145.
(b) Class II and Class III liquids shall be stored in containers, or in tanks within buildings or aboveground outside of buildings, or underground in accordance with Article 145.
(c) Containers of flammable or combustible liquids when piled one upon the other shall be separated by dunnage sufficient to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls. The height of pile shall be consistent with stability and strength of containers.
(d) Piping systems shall be in accordance with Article 146.

s 5617. Buildings.
(a) Rooms in which flammable or combustible liquids are stored or handled by pumps, shall have exit facilities arranged to prevent occupants being trapped in the event of fire.
(b) Rooms in which Class I liquids are stored or handled shall be heated only by means not constituting a source of ignition, such as steam or hot water. Rooms containing heating appliances involving sources of ignition shall be located and arranged to prevent entry of flammable vapors. (Title 24, T8-5617)

s 5618. Ventilation.
(a) Ventilation shall be provided for all rooms, buildings, or enclosures in which Class I liquids are pumped or dispensed. Design of ventilation systems shall take into account the relatively high specific gravity of the vapors. Ventilation may be provided by adequate openings in outside walls at floor level unobstructed except by louvers or coarse screens. Where natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided. (See Section 5143).
(b) Class I liquids shall not be stored or handled within a building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors may travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein.
(c) Containers of Class I liquids shall not be drawn from or filled within buildings unless provision is made to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors in hazardous concentrations. Where mechanical ventilation is required, it shall be kept in operation while flammable liquids are being handled. (Title 24, T8-5618)

s 5619. Loading and Unloading Facilities.
(a) Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading facilities shall be separated from aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings or nearest line of adjoining property that may be built upon by a distance of 25 feet for Class I liquids and 15 feet for Class II and Class III liquids measured from the nearest position of any fill spout. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnel may be a part of the facility.
(b) Equipment such as piping, pumps, and meters used for the transfer of Class I liquids between storage tanks and the fill stem of the loading rack shall not be used for the transfer of Class II or Class III liquids.
(c) Except for Class III liquids, valves used for the final control for filling tank vehicles shall be of the self-closing type and manually held open except where automatic means are provided for shutting off the flow when the vehicle is full or after filling of a preset amount.
(d) Bonding facilities for protection against static sparks during the loading of tank vehicles though open domes shall be provided where Class I liquids are loaded, or where Class II or Class III liquids are loaded into vehicles which may contain vapors from previous cargoes of Class I liquids.
(e) Protection as required in (d) shall consist of a metallic bond wire permanently electrically connected to the fill stem or to some part of the rack structure in electrical contact with the fill stem. The free end of such wire shall be provided with a clamp or equivalent device for convenient attachment to some metallic part in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank vehicle.
(f) Such bonding connection shall be made fast to the vehicle or tank before dome covers are raised and shall remain in place until filling is completed and all dome covers have been closed and secured.
(g) Bonding as specified in (d), (e), and (f) is not required:
(1) Where vehicles are loaded exclusively with products not having a static accumulating tendency, such as asphalts including cutback asphalts, most crude oils, residual oils and water soluble liquids;
(2) Where no Class I liquids are handled at the loading facility and the tank vehicles loaded are used exclusively for Class II and Class III liquids; and
(3) Where vehicles are loaded or unloaded through closed bottom or top connections whether the hose or pipe is conductive or nonconductive.
(h) Filling through open domes into the tanks of tank vehicles or tank cars, that contain vapor-air mixtures within the flammable range or where the liquid being filled can form such a mixture, shall be by means of a downspout which extends near the bottom of the tank. This precaution is not required when loading liquids which are nonaccumulators of static charges.
(i) Tank car loading facilities where flammable and combustible liquids are loaded or unloaded through open domes shall be protected against stray currents by permanently bonding the pipe to at least one rail and to the rack structure, if of metal. Multiple pipes entering the rack area shall be permanently electrically bonded together. In addition, in areas where excessive stray currents are known to exist, all pipe entering the rack area shall be provided with insulating sections to electrically isolate the rack piping from the pipe lines. These precautions are not necessary where Class II or Class III liquids are handled exclusively and there is no probability that tank cars will contain vapors from previous cargoes of Class I liquids. Temporary bonding is not required between the tank car and the rack or piping during either loading or unloading irrespective of the class of liquid handled.
(j) Class I liquids shall not be dispensed into metal containers unless the nozzle or fill pipe is in electrical contact with the container. This can be accomplished by maintaining metallic contact during filling, by a bond wire between them, or by other conductive path having an electrical resistance not greater than 10 6 ohms. Bonding is not required where a container is filled through a closed system, or is made of glass or other nonconducting material.

s 5620. Wharves.
(a) The term wharf shall mean any wharf, pier, bulkhead or other structure over or contiguous to navigable water, the primary function of which is the transfer of flammable or combustible liquid cargo in bulk between shore installations and any tank vessel, ship, barge, lighter boat or other mobile floating craft; and this article shall apply to all such installations except Marine Service Stations as covered in Article 144.

(1) If flammable or combustible liquids are handled in bulk quantities across general purpose piers or wharves the Standard for the Construction and Protection of Piers and Wharves, NFPA No. 87, shall be followed.
(b) Substructure and deck shall be substantially designed for the use intended. Deck may employ any material which will afford the desired combination of flexibility, resistance to shock, durability, strength and fire resistance. Heavy timber construction is acceptable.
(c) Loading pumps capable of building up pressures in excess of the safe working pressure of cargo hose or loading arms shall be provided with by-passes, relief valves, or other arrangement to protect the loading facilities against excessive pressure. Relief devices shall be tested at not more than yearly intervals to determine that they function satisfactorily at the pressure at which they are set.
(1) All pressure hoses and couplings shall be inspected at intervals appropriate to the service. With the hose extended, test the hose and couplings using the "in service maximum operating pressures." Any hose showing material deteriorations, signs of leakage, or weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be withdrawn from service and repaired or discarded.
(d) Piping, valves and fittings shall be in accordance with Article 146, with the following exceptions and additions:
(1) Flexibility of piping shall be assured by appropriate layout and arrangement of piping supports so that motion of the wharf structure resulting from wave action, currents, tides or the mooring of vessels will not subject the pipe to repeated strain beyond the elastic limit.
(2) Pipe joints depending upon the friction characteristics of combustible materials or grooving of pipe ends for mechanical continuity of piping shall not be used.
(3) Swivel joints may be used in piping to which hoses are connected, and for articulated swivel-joint transfer systems, provided that the design is such that the mechanical strength of the joint will not be impaired if the packing material should fail, as by exposure to fire.
(4) Piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves to operate the system properly and to control the flow of liquid in normal operation and in the event of physical damage.

(5) In addition to the requirements of (4), each line conveying Class I and Class II liquids leading to a wharf shall be provided with a readily accessible block valve located on shore near the approach to the wharf and outside of any diked area. Where more than one line is involved, the valves shall be grouped in one location.
(6) Means of easy access shall be provided for cargo line valves located below the wharf deck.
(7) Pipe lines on wharves shall be adequately bonded and grounded if Class I and Class II liquids are handled.
(8) Hose or articulated swivel-joint pipe connections used for cargo transfer shall be capable of accommodating the combined effects of change in draft and maximum tidal range, and mooring lines shall be kept adjusted to prevent surge of the vessel from placing stress on the cargo transfer system.
(9) Hose shall be supported so as to avoid kinking and damage from chafing.
(e) Suitable portable fire extinguishers with a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located within 75 feet of those portions of the facility where fires are likely to occur, such as hose connections, pumps and separator tanks.
(1) Where piped water is available, ready-connected fire hose in size appropriate for the water supply shall be provided so that manifolds where connections are made and broken can be reached by at least one hose stream.
(2) Material shall not be placed on wharves in such a manner as to obstruct access to fire fighting equipment or important pipe line control valves.
(3) Where the wharf is accessible to vehicle traffic, an unobstructed roadway to the shore end of the wharf shall be maintained for access of fire fighting apparatus. (Title 24, T8-5620(a), (b), (c))

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 5621. Electrical Equipment.
(a) This section shall apply to areas where Class I liquids are stored or handled. For areas where Class II or Class III liquids only are stored or handled, the electrical equipment may be installed in accordance with the provisions of the California Electrical Safety Orders for ordinary locations.
(b) All electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a type specified by and shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Safety Orders.
(c) So far as it applies Table FL-19 shall be used to delineate and classify areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment under normal circumstances. In Table FL-19, a classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof or other solid partition. (Title 24, T8-5621)

Electrical Equipment Classified Areas--Bulk Plants
Table FL-19
Class I
Group D Extent of
Location Division Classified Area
Tank Vehicle and
Tank Car [FNa1]
Loading through 1 Within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all
Open Dome directions.
2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from edge of
dome, extending in all directions.
Loading through 1 Within 3 feet of point of venting to atmosphere
Bottom extending in all directions.
Connections with

Atmospheric
Venting
2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from point of
venting to atmosphere, extending in all
directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade
within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from
point of loading connections.
Loading through 1 Within 3 feet of open end of vent, extending in
Closed Dome with all directions.
Atmospheric
Venting
2 Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from open end of
vent, extending in all directions. Also within
3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all
directions.
Loading through 2 Within 3 feet of point of connection of both
Closed Dome with fill and vapor lines, extending in all
Vapor Recovery directions.
Bottom Loading with 2 Within 3 feet of point of connections extending
Vapor Recovery or in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above
Any Bottom grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet

Unloading from point of connection.
Drum and Container
Filling
Outdoors, or 1 Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening,
Indoors with extending in all directions.
Adequate
Ventilation
2 Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent or fill
opening, extending in all directions. Also up
to 18 inches above floor or grade level within
a horizontal radius of 10 feet from vent or
fill opening.
Tank--Aboveground
[FNa2]
Shell, Ends, or 2 Within 10 feet from shell, ends, or roof of
Roof and Dike tank. Area inside dikes to level of top of
Area dike.
Vent 1 Within 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in
all directions.
2 Area between 5 feet and 10 feet from open end of
vent, extending in all directions.

Floating Roof 1 Area above the roof and within the shell.
Pits
Without 1 Entire area within pit if any part is within a
Mechanical Division 1 or 2 classified area.
Ventilation
With Mechanical 2 Entire area within pit if any part is within
Ventilation Division 1 or 2 classified area.
Containing
Valves, Fittings
or Piping, and
Not Within a
Division 1 or 2
Classified Area.
Pumps, Bleeders,
Withdrawal
Fittings, Meters
and Similar
Devices
Indoors 2 Within 5 feet of any edge of such devices,
extending in all directions. Also up to 3 feet
above floor or grade level within 25 feet

horizontally from any edge of such devices.
Outdoors 2 Within 3 feet of any edge of such devices,
extending in all directions. Also up to 18
inches above grade level within 10 feet
horizontally from any edge of such devices.
Storage and Repair1 All pits or spaces below floor level. (continued)