Loading (50 kb)...'
(continued)
(c) Container-handling, rubber-tired, gantry cranes shall be guarded with wheel fenders, bumpers or skirt guards which shield each wheel to the front and rear extended to the lowest practicable level above ground.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4907. Capacity Marking and Load Indication.
(a) The maximum rated load of all bridge or fixed radius cranes shall be plainly marked on each side of the crane, and if the crane has more than one hoisting unit, each hoist shall have marked on it or its load block its rated capacity, and this shall be clearly legible from the ground or floor.
(b) Each variable radius boom-type crane shall be equipped with a boom angle or a boom radius indicator and a clearly legible load rating chart in clear view from the operator's position.
(1) Cranes having a boom exceeding 60 feet in length or a maximum rated capacity exceeding 15 tons shall be provided with an approved boom angle indicator which clearly shows the boom angle in degrees to the operator at all times. The indicator shall give a clear visual warning signal before high or low unsafe boom angles are reached. The indicator shall be mounted in the cab, adjustable and under control of the operator at all times, and a visual inspection of the indicator shall be made each day by the operator to see that it is properly functioning.
(2) Cranes having either a maximum rated boom exceeding 200 feet or a maximum rated capacity exceeding 50 tons shall be equipped with a load indicating device, a load moment device, or a device that prevents an overload condition. Only approved devices as defined in the General Industry Safety Orders, Section 3206 shall be used.
(3) When a load indicating device or alternative system is so arranged in the supporting system (crane structure) that its failure could cause the load to be dropped, its strength shall not be the limiting factor of the supporting system (crane structure).
(4) All load indicating devices shall be operative over the full operating radius. Overall accuracy shall be based on actual applied load and not on full scale (full capacity) load.
(5) When the device uses the radius as a factor in its use or in its operating indications, the indicated radius (which may be in feet and/or meters, or degrees of boom angle, depending on the system used) shall be a figure which is within the range of a figure no greater than 110 percent of the actual radius to a figure which is no less than 97 percent of the actual (true) radius. A conversion chart shall be provided whenever it is necessary to convert between degrees of radius and feet or meters.
(c) If change-speed gear is used on the lifting motion, the rated load for each speed shall be similarly indicated.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4908. Hoisting Ropes.
(a) The hoisting ropes shall be of a type as recommended by the certified agent. The rated load divided by the number of parts of rope shall not exceed 20 percent of the nominal breaking strength of the rope.
(b) If hoisting ropes run near enough to other parts to make fouling or chafing possible, guards shall be installed to prevent this condition.
(c) A guard shall be provided to prevent contact between bridge conductors and hoisting ropes if they could come into contact.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4909. Runway Repair.
No repairs shall be made on crane runways, supporting structures, or equipment within reach of the runway unless a wheel stop capable of preventing crane movement within the work area is secured to each rail and a warning sign is placed on each rail a reasonable distance from the workers.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4910. Crane Runways.
Runway columns shall be securely anchored to the foundation, the structure shall be free from excessive vibration under operating conditions, and the runway girders shall be level and parallel within accepted engineering tolerances.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4911. Rails.
Rails shall be securely attached to the girders or to the foundation, shall be level in elevation with each other, parallel and in correct span within accepted engineering tolerances.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4912. Clearances.
(a) All travelling cranes, the supporting truck or wheels of which travel on rails on the ground, shall have at least 24 inches clearance between the crane and stationary structures or stacks or piles of materials. Where impracticable to obtain this clearance, such areas shall be guarded by guardrails or barricades to prevent access.
(b) If the runways of two cranes are parallel, and there are no intervening walls or structure, there shall be adequate clearance provided and maintained between the two bridges.
(c) Minimum clearance of 3 inches overhead and 2 inches laterally shall be provided and maintained between crane and obstructions.
Note: These clearances are only concerned with passage of the crane machinery past building structure.
(d) Where passageways or walkways are provided obstructions shall not be placed so that safety of personnel will be jeopardized by movements of the crane.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4913. Wind Indicators and Rail Clamps.
Outdoor storage bridges shall be provided with automatic rail clamps. A wind-indicating device shall be provided which will give a visible or audible alarm to the bridge operator at a predetermined wind velocity. If the clamps act on the rail heads, any beads or weld flash on the rail heads shall be ground off.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4920. Purpose.
The orders in this article shall apply to locomotive cranes, crawler cranes, motor truck cranes, boom-type excavators and any modification of these types which retain their characteristic mobility, except such units of one ton or less capacity. Also excluded are cranes designed and used exclusively for clearing railway and/or automobile wreck(s) and aerial devices designed and used for positioning personnel. The requirements of Section 4924 are applicable only to machines when used in lifting service.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4921. Operating Controls.
(a) Lever-operated controllers shall be provided with a device which will hold the handle in the "off" position, requiring voluntary effort to remove it from the "off" to the "on" position.
(b) The operating controls shall be located within convenient reach of the operator and shall be identified by marking or a legible chart to indicate the motion controlled and the direction.
(c) Controls shall include means:
(1) To start and stop;
(2) To control speed of internal combustion engines;
(3) To stop engines under emergency conditions;
(4) For shifting selective transmission.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4922. Crane Boomstops.
(a) Cranes of such design that the boom could fall over backward shall be equipped with boomstops whenever the main boom is rope supported and the crane used for hook, clamshell, magnet, grapple, concrete bucket, or service presenting similar risk. The boomstop shall provide emergency protection against destructive damage and related hazard by opposing any unexpected upward and rearward boom movement beyond the working range. It shall not be used purposely as a substitute for normal procedures in stopping a boom being raised.
(b) In the case of new cranes over 10 tons in capacity purchased after January 1, 1971, the required boomstops shall satisfy the following standards and each involved employer shall have substantial assurance of this in the form of crane manufacturers' warranties, test reports, charts, engineering calculations, etc.
(1) The boomstops shall be strong enough to develop the ultimate strength of the boom in bending at the point of attachment or contact between boomstop and boom, which point should be located near the outer end of the basic inner section of the boom; however, the point must be at least 5 feet above the operator's normal seat level when the crane is level and the boom vertical.
(2) The ultimate bending strength of the boom referred to in (1) shall not be reduced by the nature of contact between the boomstop and boom; such points of contact to be so located and designed that forces developed by boomstop action on the boom will not cause prior local failure of any boom members.
(3) The boomstop shall prevent that portion of the boom below the point of boomstop contact from upward and rearward movement beyond 90 degrees, or some lesser angle, in reference to the horizontal machinery deck.
(4) The boomstop shall provide energy absorbing resistance to the upward and rearward movement of the boom throughout an angular range of the last 5 degrees of such movement as limited in (3).
(c) Jibs shall have positive stops to prevent their movement of more than 5 degrees beyond the straight line of the jib and boom on conventional-type crane booms.
(d) No boomstop shall remain in use unless it is in good operating condition and maintained in accordance with the certified agent's guidelines for maintenance and service.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 6704, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4923. Load Rating Chart.
(a) A durable load chart with clearly legible letters and figures provided by the certified agent shall be securely fixed to the crane in a location clearly visible to the operator or within reach of the operator while at the control station. The chart shall contain a full and complete range of crane load ratings, consistent with the manufacturers' recommendations, at all stated operating radii or boom angles and for all permissible boom lengths, jib lengths and angles, also alternate ratings for use and non-use of optional equipment on the mobile crane, such as outriggers and counterweights which affect ratings. The chart shall also contain essential precautionary or warning notes relative to limitations on equipment and operating procedures, including indication of the least stable position. In addition, no crane shall be rerated unless such rating changes are approved by the certified agent. Load ratings shall be expressed in terms related to method of measuring boom angle and length or lifting radius.
(b) Where boom or jib ratings are limited by structural competence, such ratings shall be clearly shown and emphasized on the rating charts.
(c) Load ratings where stability governs lifting performance.
(1) The margin of stability for determination of load ratings, with booms of stipulated lengths at stipulated working radii for the various types of crane mountings is established by taking a percentage of the loads which will produce a condition of tipping or balance with the boom in the least stable direction, relative to the mounting. The load ratings shall not exceed the following percentages for cranes, with the indicated types of mounting under conditions stipulated in (2) and (3).
Maximum Load Ratings
Type of Crane Mounting ................................... (% of Tipping Loads)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Locomotive, without outrigger (stabilizer) support [FN1]
Booms 60 feet or less................................... 85
Booms over 60 feet...................................... 85 [FN2]
Locomotive, using outriggers (stabilizers) fully extended
and set................................................. 80
Crawler, without outrigger support........................ 75
Crawler, using outrigger fully extended and set........... 85
Wheel mounted using outriggers fully extended and set,
with wheels
off supporting surface.................................. 85
Commercial truck vehicle mounted crane with stabilizer
extended and set........................................ 85
Wheel mounted without outrigger support................... 75
[FN1] As a precaution while testing for free ratings, outriggers should be
loosely applied; rail clamps should not be used .
[FN2] The difference between the backward stability moment and the forward
moment resulting from the load should not be less than 30,000 lb-ft with the
backward stability moment being the greater.
(2) The following stipulations shall govern the application of the values in (1) for locomotive cranes:
(A) Tipping with or without the use of outriggers occurs when half of the wheels farthest from the load leave the rail.
(B) The crane shall be standing on track which is level within one-percent grade.
(C) Radius of the load is the horizontal distance from a projection of the axis of rotation to the rail support surface, before loading, to the center of vertical hoist line or tackle with load applied.
(D) Tipping loads from which ratings are determined shall be applied under static conditions only, i.e. without dynamic effect of hoisting, lowering, or swing.
(E) The weight of all auxiliary handling devices such as hoist blocks, hooks, and slings shall be considered a part of the load rating.
(3) Stipulations governing the application of the values in (1) for crawler, truck and wheel-mounted cranes shall be in accordance with the Crane Load-Stability Test Code, SAEJ765, 1969 or 1980 as applicable.
Note: The effectiveness of these preceding stability factors will be influenced by such additional factors as freely suspended loads, track, wind, or ground conditions, condition and inflation of rubber tires, boom lengths, proper operating speeds for existing conditions, and in general, careful and competent operation. All of these shall be taken into account by the user.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4924. Load Safety Devices.
(a) All cranes having a maximum rated capacity exceeding one ton shall be equipped with safety devices as provided herein. Exceptions: 1. Boom-type excavators used in excavation work and all equipment used exclusively for pile driving or log handling.
2. Articulating boom cranes are exempt from the provisions of subsections (c) and (d).
(b) All mobile cranes including truck-mounted tower cranes, except as provided above, having either a maximum rated boom length exceeding 200 feet or a maximum rated capacity exceeding 50 tons shall be equipped with a load indicating device or a load moment device, or a device that prevents an overload condition. Only approved devices as defined in the General Industry Safety Orders, Section 3206 shall be used.
(c) Each variable radius boom-type crane shall be equipped with a boom angle or a boom radius indicator in clear view from the operator's position.
(d) Cranes having a boom exceeding 60 feet in length or a maximum rated capacity exceeding 15 tons shall be provided with an approved boom angle or radius indicator which clearly shows the boom angle in degrees to the operator at all times; the indicator shall give a clear visual warning signal before high or low unsafe boom angles are reached; the indicator shall be adjustable, and under the control of the operator at all times; and a visual inspection of indicator shall be made each day by the operator to see that it is properly functioning.
(e) Spirit levels, or equivalent, shall be provided to indicate the level of the crane fore and aft and across the width.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4925. Operator's Cab.
(a) Operators exposed to the hazard of falling material or objects shall be protected by a canopy-type guard or cab over their usual operating position on the equipment except when such enclosure would interfere with the safe operation of the crane or create an additional hazard by excessively restricting the operator's vision.
(b) All windows on such equipment shall be safety glass, or equivalent, without optical distortion and possess optical qualities meeting standards of the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Wire glass, or equivalent, shall only be used for those windows through which the operator is not required to view the operations. Visibility forward shall include a vertical range adequate to cover the boom point at all times. The front window may have a section which may be readily removed or held open if desired. If the section is of the type held in the open position, it shall be secured to prevent closure.
(c) Exhaust gas discharge shall be away from the normal position of the operator. All exhaust pipes shall be guarded or insulated in areas where contact by employees is possible in the performance of normal duties.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4926. Access to Operator's Position, Machine House and/or Boom Blocks.
(a) Boom-type mobile cranes and boom-type excavators shall be provided with steps and hand-holds or other safe means so located as to give convenient and safe access to the operator's position or machine house.
(b) When necessary to go out on booms to oil the blocks or other parts of machinery, each boom shall be equipped with a catwalk, guardrails and grab-irons or hand-holds. Booms which are lowered to the ground or floor level for service, are exempted from this requirement.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4927. Couplers.
(a) If locomotive cranes are equipped with couplers, they shall be extended to clear the revolving superstructure of the crane.
(b) Automatic couplers shall be provided on cranes that switch or couple to railroad cars.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4928. Boom Hoist Mechanisms.
(a) When using recommended boom hoist reeving and with rated loads suspended, the boom hoist shall be capable of raising the boom, holding it stationary without attention from the operator, and lowering it only when coupled to its prime mover.
(b) The boom hoisting mechanism shall be provided with a clutching or power engaging device permitting immediate starting or stopping of the boom drum motion. The boom hoisting mechanism also shall be provided with a self-setting safety brake, capable of supporting all rated loads, with recommended reeving.
(c) Brakes and clutches shall be provided with adjustments where necessary to compensate for wear and to maintain adequate force in springs.
(d) The boom hoisting mechanism shall be provided with an auxiliary ratchet and pawl or other positive locking device as an added safety feature.
(e) The boom hoist drum shall have sufficient rope capacity to operate the boom at all positions from horizontal to the highest angle recommended when using the certified agent's recommended reeving and rope size.
(1) No less than 2 full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum with boom point lowered to the level of the crane supporting surface.
(2) The drum end of the rope shall be anchored by a clamp securely attached to the drum or a wedge socket arrangement approved by the crane or rope manufacturer.
(f) The drum diameter shall be sufficient to provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of not less than 15 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.
(g) Automatic means shall be provided to stop drum motion when highest permissible boom angle is reached.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4929. Load Hoist Drums.
(a) The load hoist drum assemblies shall have power and operational characteristics to perform all load hoisting and lowering functions required in crane service when operated under recommended conditions.
(b) Where brakes and clutches are used to control the motion of the load hoist drums, they shall be of such size and thermal capacity to control all rated crane loads with minimum recommended reeving.
Note: Where maximum rated loads are being lowered with near maximum boom length or operations involving long lowering distances, power controlled lowering usually is necessary to reduce demand on the load brake.
(c) Load hoist drums shall have rope capacity with recommended rope size and reeving to perform crane service within the range of boom lengths, operating radii and vertical lifts specified by the certified agent.
(1) No less than 2 full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum when the hook is in its extreme low position.
(2) The drum end of the rope shall be anchored by a clamp securely attached to the drum or a wedge socket arrangement approved by the crane or rope manufacturer.
(3) Drums shall be provided with a means to prevent rope from jumping off the drum.
(4) Fiber rope fastenings are prohibited.
(d) Diameter of the load hoist drums shall be sufficient to provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of not less than 18 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.
Exception: On small cranes of less than 10,000 pounds capacity a smaller drum may be used, provided that when lifting loads the actual pitch diameter is not less than 15 times the rope diameter and the rope safety factor is not less than 5.
(e) Means, controllable from the operator's station, shall be provided to hold the drum from rotating in the lowering direction and be capable of holding the rated load indefinitely without further attention from the operator.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4930. Load Hoist Brakes.
(a) When power-operated brakes having no continuous mechanical linkage between the actuating and braking means are used for controlling loads, an automatic means shall be provided to prevent the load from falling in the event of loss of brake actuating power.
(b) Foot-operated brake pedals shall be maintained so that the operator's foot will not easily slip off.
(c) Means shall be provided for holding the brakes in the applied position without further action by the operator.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4931. Power-Controlled Lowering.
When provided, a power-controlled lowering system shall be capable of handling rated loads and speeds as specified by the certified agent to provide precision lowering and to reduce demand on the load brake.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4932. Adjustments.
Brakes and clutches shall be provided with adjustments where necessary to compensate for wear and to maintain adequate force in springs where used.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4933. Swing Control.
The swing mechanism shall be capable of smooth starts and stops with varying degree of acceleration and deceleration required in normal crane operation.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4934. Swing Brake and Locking Device.
A braking means with holding power in both directions shall be provided to prevent movement of the rotating superstructure, when desired under normal operation. The braking means shall be capable of being set in the holding position and remaining so without attention on the part of the operator.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4935. Travel Brakes and Locks.
(a) On crawler cranes, brakes or other locking means shall be maintained to hold the machine stationary during working cycles on level grade or while the machine is standing on maximum grade recommended for travel. Such brakes or locks shall be arranged to remain in engagement in event of loss of operating pressure or power.
(b) On locomotive cranes, brakes shall be maintained to bring the crane to a stop while descending the maximum grade recommended for travel. In addition, manual brake engagement means shall be maintained to hold the machine stationary on maximum grade recommended for travel. Such means shall be arranged to remain in engagement in event of loss of operating pressure or power.
(c) On a crawler crane, the travel and steering mechanism shall be arranged so that it is not possible for both crawlers to become disconnected simultaneously from the power train and to "freewheel."
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4935.1. Sheave Guards.
Sheaves carrying ropes which can momentarily be unloaded shall be provided with close fitting guards, or other devices, to guide the rope back into the groove when the load is again applied.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4936. Warning Device.
An effective, audible warning and operating signal device shall be provided on the outside of the crane. The controls for the device shall be within easy reach of the operator.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4937. Wheel Guards.
(a) Locomotive cranes shall be provided with a running board which shall extend the full width of the truck bed with a grab-iron extending across and near the outer end of the truck bed, or with a pilot or fender which will prevent a person being crushed beneath the truck wheels.
(b) Outrigger wheels when used on mobile cranes shall be properly guarded to prevent a person being run over by a wheel.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4938. Truck Wedges or Jacks.
(a) Locomotive crane cars shall be provided with suitable removable wedges or jacks for transmitting loads from the crane body directly to the wheels without permitting the truck springs to function when handling heavy loads. These wedges shall be removed, or jacks released in a positive manner for traveling.
(b) Rail clamps, if used, shall have some slack between the point of attachment to the rail and the end fastened to the crane. Rail clamps shall not be used as a means of restraining tipping of a locomotive crane.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4939. Fire Extinguisher.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4940. Lighting.
Boom-type mobile cranes which operate at night shall have their load hooks and working areas adequately illuminated.
Note: Boom heads and load blocks should be painted with high-visibility yellow or other contrasting colors.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4941. Cranes Used in Demolition Work.
(a) The weight of the demolition ball shall not exceed 50 percent of the crane's rated load, based on the length of the boom and the angle of operation at which the demolition ball will be used, or its weight shall not exceed 25 percent of the nominal breaking strength of the line by which it is suspended, whichever results in a lesser value.
(b) The ball shall be attached to the load line with a swivel-type connection to prevent twisting of the load line and shall be attached by positive means in such a manner that the weight cannot become accidentally disconnected.
Note: The swing of the boom should not exceed 30 degrees from the centerline, front to back of the crane mounting.
(c) The load line and attachment of the demolition ball to the load line shall be checked at least twice each shift.
(d) Truck cranes without outriggers extended shall not be used to swing a demolition ball.
(e) No employees, which can be adversely affected by demolition operations, shall be permitted in any area when balling or clamming is being performed. Only those employees necessary for the performance of the operations shall be permitted in this area at any time.
(f)(1) Cranes used on demolition job-sites to perform balling, clamming and related lifting operations shall not be required to comply with the annual certification requirement of Section 5021.
(2) Cranes used exclusively for demolition operations as stated in subsection (f)(1) and that are moved from demolition job-site to demolition job-site shall not be required to comply with the annual certification requirement in Section 5021.
(3) Cranes with or without a current annual certification as required in Section 5021 and used for balling or clamming operations shall be recertified or certified when used for lifting operations (lifting service) not associated with demolition operations. This requirement shall apply even if the crane's annual certification is current.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4942. Barge Mounted Cranes.
(a) When a mobile crane is mounted on a barge, the rated load of the crane shall not exceed the capacity specified by the certified agent.
(b) Load ratings shall be reduced to stay within the limits for list of the barge with a crane mounted on it and a revised load rating chart shall be provided.
(c) Mobile cranes on barges shall be secured to the barge. When stability of barge is not a factor, and control barriers are provided, limited travel may be authorized.
(d) The width of barge hulls supporting mobile cranes equipped with pile driver or extractor leads shall be not less than 45 percent of the height of the lead above water.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4943. Permanently Mounted Floating Cranes and Derricks.
(a) When cranes and derricks are permanently installed on a barge, the capacity and limitations of use shall be as specified by the certified agent:
(b) Floating cranes and floating derricks in use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, installation, testing, maintenance and operation as prescribed by the certified agent.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4944. Life Buoys.
Life buoys, life rings and/or life vests shall be provided and used as required in Section 3389.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4945. Purpose.
The orders in this article shall apply to hydraulic cranes and excavators of the revolving type that use hydraulic power to operate basic functions and/or front-end operating equipment. They may be mounted in a fixed location, crawler mounted or rubber tire carrier mounted, have front-end operating equipment such as lift crane, clamshell, magnet, dragline, pile driver, etc., as herein described, or any adaptations of the same which retain the basic characteristics.
Exception: Cranes having a capacity of one ton or less.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4946. Hoist Mechanisms.
The hoist mechanism when properly adjusted shall be capable of developing 110% of permissible line pull and maintaining the load in suspended position.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4947. Load Lowering.
Load lowering may be controlled by brakes acting on drums, other means, or by "Power Controlled Lowering" or other means. The lowering mechanism shall be capable of controlling 110% of permissible line pull as defined in Section 4885.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4949. Boom Hoist and Supporting Mechanism.
(a) The boom hoist shall be capable of elevating and supporting the boom and 110% of rated load without attention from the operator and allow lowering to rated radius only when under operator's control.
(b) A holding device shall be provided.
(1) On rope boom support machines a ratchet and pawl or other positive locking device shall be provided to prevent unintentional lowering of the boom.
(2) For hydraulic cylinder boom support machines, a holding device (such as load checks) shall be provided to prevent unintentional lowering of the boom.
(c) Minimum ratio of boom hoist drum and sheave pitch diameters to nominal rope diameters shall not be less than 15 to 1.
(d) On a telescoping boom, the retract function shall be capable of controlling 110% of rated load. A holding device (such as load check) shall be provided.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4951. Swing Lock and Swing Brake.
Unless swing drive mechanism is of a self-locking type, a swing lock or swing brake capable of preventing rotation under normal working conditions shall be provided.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4952. Controls.
(a) The operating controls shall be located within convenient reach of the operator and shall be identified by marking or suitable chart to indicate the motion controlled and direction.
(b) Controls for load hoist, boom hoist, swing and boom telescope shall be provided with means for holding in neutral position without use of positive locks.
(c) Controls and corresponding controlled elements shall be maintained and adjusted such that the machine is operated within the certified agent's rating.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4953. Brakes.
(a) A travel lock or brake shall be provided on crawler machines capable of holding the machine stationary on any grade the machine is capable of negotiating.
(b) Service brakes shall be provided and maintained on truck or wheel mounted machines as specified by the certified agent and these Orders. Means shall be provided to hold the machine stationary during working cycles and on any grade which it can negotiate.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4954. General Operating Requirements.
(a) When required by certified agent's instructions, outriggers shall be set so that wheels or crawler tracks within the boundary of the outriggers shall be relieved of all weight by the outrigger jacks or blocking.
(b) Telescopic booms that have an indicator shall show the boom length from minimum to maximum and be visible to the operator from the operator's position at the controls.
(c) A boom hoist disconnect shut-off or hydraulic relief shall be provided to automatically stop the boom hoist when the boom reaches a predetermined high angle.
(d) At least one of the following stops shall be provided to resist the boom falling backwards:
(1) A fixed or telescoping bumper.
(2) A shock absorbing bumper.
(3) Hydraulic boom elevation cylinder(s).
(e) A load rating chart and/or label(s) shall be located on the crane to be available to the operator from the operator's position at the control stand. It shall include the applicable portions of Section 4923 and the maximum loads permitted during actual boom telescoping operation.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4955. Hydraulic Relief Valves.
Hydraulic relief valves shall have pressure settings of sufficient magnitude to provide the capabilities of operations under 110% of rated loading conditions. Relief valve settings shall be specified and no change in relief valve setting shall be made without the consent of the certified agent. Gauge ports shall be provided in each hydraulic circuit for checking certified agent's specified pressure settings.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4956. Hydraulic Hose, Fittings, and Tubing Inspection.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4960. Construction.
(a) Derricks shall be guyed and anchored so as to prevent tipping or collapsing.
(b) Reinforcing steel shall not be used for guy line anchors.
(c) Dogs, pawls, or other positive holding mechanism on the hoist shall be engaged. When not in use, the derrick boom shall:
(1) Be laid down;
(2) Be secured to a stationary member, as nearly under the head as possible, by attachment of a sling to the load block; or
(3) Be hoisted to a vertical position and secured to the mast.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4961. Rated Load Marking.
(a) For permanently installed derricks with fixed lengths of boom, guy and mast, a substantial durable and clearly legible rating chart shall be provided with each derrick and securely affixed where it is visible to personnel responsible for the safe operation of the equipment. The chart shall include but not necessarily be limited to the following data:
(1) Certified agent's approved load ratings at corresponding ranges of boom angle or operating radii.
(2) Specific length of components on which the load ratings are based.
(3) Required parts for hoisting reeving. Size and construction of the rope may be shown either on the rating chart or in the operating manual.
(b) For non-permanent installations, capacity charts shall be prepared for the particular installation based on information provided by the certified agent. The capacity charts shall be located at the derrick.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4962. Hoisting Ropes.
Hoisting ropes and similar moving ropes in exposed locations within 7 feet of the ground or floor, except for free end section, shall be guarded, enclosed, or fenced with standard railings.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4963. Access to Sheaves, Bearings and Blocks.
If necessary to go out on derrick booms to service sheaves, bearings or blocks, the boom shall be equipped with catwalks, guardrails, and handholds and/or grab irons to give safe access to the equipment to be serviced. Booms which are lowered to the ground or floor level for service are exempted from this requirement.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4964. Derrick Signals.
Whenever derricks are used for hoisting, two-way radios, telephones, or other acceptable signals shall be used unless manual signals are appropriate. See Section 5001.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4965. General.
(a) The requirements of this Article shall apply to cranes of the general type such as those having a revolving boom with counterweight on a single vertical mast, and mobile tower cranes.
(b) Each crane shall be provided with a descriptive booklet, written in English, containing a comprehensive summary of design characteristics, erection procedures, operation techniques, repair recommendations, and safety precautions. This booklet shall be available on every job site where such cranes are in use.
(c) A durable, clearly legible load rating chart shall be provided with each crane and securely affixed in the cab or operator's station easily visible to the operator while at the controls. The chart shall include load ratings and restrictions as specified by the certified agent for specific lengths of components, counterweights, swing, and radii. Where load ratings for cranes are governed by structural competence, the limitation on loading shall be such that no structural member is overstressed, and load rating charts shall be subject to this limitation.
(d) Each crane shall be equipped with a device which will effectively prevent overloading beyond the certified agent's recommendations at any load, boom radius, and counterweight position.
(e) Each crane shall contain a means which will cause the boom swing to be started and stopped gradually to prevent damaging effects of torsion in the mast section.
(f) Each crane shall be equipped with a brake system, or equivalent, which will prevent any movement when the power is lost, or at any time desired by the operator.
(g) Parts of the crane requiring adjustment or maintenance shall be provided with access walkways, handholds, footholds, safety lines, or other safeguards as necessary to eliminate the hazard of falling from the crane.
Exception: Mobile tower crane adjustment or maintenance that can be achieved from the ground.
(h) Cranes mounted on rail tracks shall be equipped with limit switches limiting the travel of the crane on the track, and stops or buffers at each end of the tracks.
(i) Cranes shall be tested, maintained, inspected, and operated as specified by the certified agent and these Orders. Luffing boom tower cranes used in the construction industry shall comply with the requirements of ASME B30.3-1990, Hammerhead Tower Cranes, herein incorporated by reference.
(j)(1) If a tower crane remains on a project over twelve months, tests required by subsection (i) of this section shall be performed following dismantling and prior to its next use.
(2) Records of the most recent nondestructive tests and the test procedures shall be maintained by the owner of the crane and provided to the Division upon request.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4966. Erection, Dismantling and Operation.
(a) Erection and Dismantling.
(1) The erection, climbing (up and down) and dismantling of a fixed tower crane shall comply with the requirements of Title 8, Section 341.1(b)(2).
(A) Employees engaged in the erection and/or dismantling of tower cranes and the inspection, maintenance or repair related to such erection and/or dismantling, when working at elevations 15 feet or greater over ground or other surfaces shall be required to use fall protection as specified in Article 24 of the Construction Safety Orders.
(2) Guys, braces and other supports shall be employed as necessary to prevent damage or collapse of the equipment during the erection and dismantling procedures.
(b) The unbraced, free standing portion of the mast between the boom and the top support position shall be limited in height to the distance recommended by the certified agent.
(c) When the certified agent requires the mast to be secured in the shaftway of a structure, the structural members to which it is secured shall be adequate to safely sustain all anticipated loads including vibration.
(d) Where the vertical load of the crane assembly is supported by the edges of floor openings of a structure, measures shall be taken to prevent structural damage of such support.
(e) When the mast sections are raised to a new position, measures shall be taken to prevent damage or collapse of the crane assembly including vertical slippage of the mast unit.
(f) Load Limit Device.
(1) The load limit device shall be in effective operation and shall not be readjusted to handle loads greater than those specified by the certified agent.
(2) In addition to the requirements of Section 5000, whenever a load limit device is unsealed, repaired, or readjusted, a qualified person shall perform any testing necessary to ensure the continuing effective operation of the device. A test load or device capable of measuring 110 percent of the certified agent's load capacity shall be available at the job site.
(g) The load line shall be directly over the load to be lifted.
(h) The operator shall be stationed in a safe position where good visibility and control can be maintained.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4967. Unattended Booms.
When necessary to lash crane booms, they shall be lashed only in accordance with the certified agent's recommendations.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4968. Safety Devices.
All tower cranes shall have the following safety devices:
(a) Visual warning devices:
(1) A warning light which shall be activated at a percentage of the rated load, not to exceed 95 percent of the rated load, or
(2) Electronic instrumentation provided by the certified agent that gives a continuous direct reading of the load weight and the trolley radius.
(b) An audible signal that operates at a percentage of the rated load, not to exceed 100 percent of the rated load.
(c) The visual warning light, and audible signal required by subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall be set to avoid simultaneous activation, and operate with a difference of at least 5 percent of the rated load to ensure independent warnings.
(d) An automatic stop that operates at a percentage of the rated load, not to exceed 105 percent of the rated load.
(e) When the crane manufacturer specifies lower activation points for safety devices than required by subsections (a)(1), (b) and (d), the manufacturer's specifications shall be followed.
(f) Limit devices to:
(1) Provide deceleration before the top position of the hook is reached.
(2) Limit the trolley traveling both in and out.
(g) Constant pressure control devices which automatically return to neutral or the "off" position when released by the operator.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4969. Electrical Grounding.
All electrically-operated cranes shall be effectively grounded.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4970. Limit Device.
Each overhead electric hoist shall be equipped with an effective enclosed-type limit device which will stop the travel before the hook/load block passes the highest and, where applicable, lowest point of safe travel.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4971. Brakes.
(a) The braking system shall perform the following functions:
(1) Arrest and hold the load promptly when controls are released with loads up to 125 percent of rated capacity.
(2) Limit the speed of load during lowering to a maximum of 120 percent of rated lowering speed.
(b) Holding brakes on hoists shall have ample thermal capacity for the frequency of operation required by the service.
(c) The braking system shall have provision for adjustments where necessary to compensate for wear.
(d) Where the prime mover is an electric motor, a self-setting electric motor brake, or other self-setting brake, shall be provided to prevent drum rotation in the event of power failure.
(e) The hoist shall be so designed that, when the actuating force is removed, it will automatically stop and hold any load up to 125 percent of the rated load.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4972. Hoist Trolley Frames.
Trolley frames shall be constructed to avoid excessive spreading under load. Trolley frames which show signs of excessive spreading under load shall not be used until repaired or replaced.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4973. Capacity Marking.
Each hoist designed to lift its load vertically shall have its rated load legibly marked on the hoist or load block or some equally visible space.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4974. Stops.
(a) Stops shall be provided at the limits of travel of the trolley. A stop engaging the tread of the wheel shall be of a height at least equal to the radius of the wheel. Stops engaging other parts of the trolley are preferable.
(b) An automatic stop shall be provided at each switch, dead-end rail or turntable to prevent the trolley running off when the switch is open.
(c) Every overhead monorail system of tracks, which employs the use of traveling transfer bridges between stationary rails, shall be equipped with automatic locking devices which positively lock the traveling bridge rail to the stationary rails whenthe bridge is positioned for trolley travel from stationary rails to movable bridge or vice versa. (continued)