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(continued)
(h) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped in water.
(i) The employer shall ensure that when arc welders or cutters leave or stop work or when machines are moved, the power supply switch shall be kept in the off position.
(j) Arc welding or cutting equipment having a functional defect shall not be used.
(k) The control apparatus of arc welding machines shall be enclosed except for operating wheels, levers, and handles.
( l) Input power terminals, top change devices and live metal parts connected to input circuits shall be enclosed and accessible only by means of insulated tools.
(m) When arc welding is performed in wet or high humidity conditions, employees shall use additional protection, such as rubber pads or boots, against electric shock.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4852. Resistance Welding.
(a) All suspended portable welding gun equipment, with the exception of the gun assembly, shall be equipped with a support system capable of supporting the total shock load in the event of failure of any component of the supporting system.
Note: The system should be designed to be fail-safe. The use of devices such as secondary cables, chains, clamps, etc., is considered satisfactory.
(b) Where it enters the gun frame, the movable holder mechanism shall be designed so as to present no shear points to the fingers placed on the operating movable holder; otherwise, guarding shall be provided.
(c) One or more safety emergency stop buttons shall be provided on all multi-spot welding machines, with a minimum of one stop button at each operator's position.
(d) Periodic inspection of resistance welding equipment shall be made by qualified personnel and a certification record maintained. The certification record shall include the date of the inspection, the signature of the person who performed the inspection, and the serial number or other identifier of the equipment inspected. The operator shall be instructed to report equipment defects to the supervisor.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4853. Inert-Gas Metal-Arc Welding.
Employees shall not engage in and shall not be exposed to the inert-gas metal-arc welding process unless the following precautions are taken:
(a) Chlorinated solvents shall not be used within 200 feet (61 m) of the exposed arc. Surfaces prepared with chlorinated solvents shall be thoroughly dry before welding is performed on them.
(b) Employees in areas not protected from the arc by screening shall be protected by appropriate filter lenses in accordance with the requirements of Section 3382. When welders are exposed to their own arc or to each other's arc, filter lenses complying with the requirements of Section 3382 shall be worn to protect against flashes and radiant energy.
(c) Employees exposed to radiation shall have their skin covered completely to prevent ultraviolet burns and damage. Helmets and hand shields shall not have leaks, openings or highly reflective surfaces.
(d) Inert-gas metal-arc welding on stainless steel shall not be performed unless exposed employees are protected either by local exhaust ventilation or by wearing supplied air respirators.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4884. Scope.
(a) The Orders in this Group shall apply to derricks, cranes, and boom-type excavators, but they shall not apply to aerial devices designed and used for positioning personnel (See Article 24).
(b) Hammerhead tower cranes manufactured after May 16, 1993 shall conform to ASME B30.3-1990, Hammerhead Tower Cranes.
(c)(1)(A) Cranes and derricks manufactured after September 28, 1986, through June 23, 1999, shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the following applicable American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and/or American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards or those listed in subsection (c)(1)(B):
B30.2-1983, Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge Multiple Girder)
B30.3-1975, Hammerhead Tower Cranes B30.4-1981, Portal, Tower and Pillar Cranes B30.5-1982, Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes B30.6-1977, Derricks B30.7-1977, Base Mounted Drum Hoists B30.8-1982, Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks B30.11-1980, Monorails and Underhung Cranes B30.13-1977, Controlled Mechanical Storage Cranes B30.17-1980, Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist)
(B) Cranes and derricks manufactured after June 23, 1999 shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the following applicable American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards which are hereby incorporated by reference:
B30.2-1996, Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)

B30.3-1996, Construction Tower Cranes
B30.4-1996, Portal, Tower and Pedestal Cranes
B30.5-1994, Mobile and Locomotive Cranes
B30.6-1995, Derricks
B30.7-1994, Base Mounted Drum Hoists
B30.8-1993, Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks
B30.11-1993, Monorails and Underhung Cranes
B30.13-1996, Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Associated Equipment
B30.17-1992, Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist)
(2) Articulating boom cranes manufactured after May 16, 1993 shall conform to these regulations and be provided with a permanently attached metal label stating that the equipment has been designed and constructed in accordance with ASME/ANSI B30.22-1987, and B30.22a-1988 Addenda, Articulating Boom Cranes, herein incorporated by reference, or has been approved as required by the provisions of Section 3206 of these orders.
(d)(1) Except as provided in subsection (d)(2), all cranes and derricks manufactured prior to September 28, 1986, shall conform to this subsection and shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the following applicable ANSI standards:
B30.2-1967, Overhead and Gantry Cranes B30.4-1973, Portal, Tower, and Pillar Cranes B30.5-1968, Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes B30.6-1969, Derricks B30.15-1973, Mobile Hydraulic Cranes
Exception: Section 15-1.3.2(d) of B30.15-1973, Two-Blocking Damage Prevention Feature.
(2) Cranes manufactured prior to January 15, 1974, shall be modified to comply with applicable regulations in Group 13, Cranes and Other Hoisting Equipment of the General Industry Safety Orders, unless it can be shown during the process of certification that a crane cannot feasibly or economically be modified to comply with any one or more applicable requirements and the crane substantially complies with applicable Group 13 regulations and the ANSI or other design standard to which the crane was manufactured.
(e) Cranes and derricks which do not meet the applicable ANSI standards shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the recommendations of a currently registered mechanical or civil engineer.
(f) Cranes and derricks shall be operated, tested, inspected and maintained in accordance with these Orders.
(g) All electrically powered cranes and derricks shall also comply with applicable electrical safety orders.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4885. Definitions.
Accessory. A secondary part or assembly of parts which contribute to the over-all function and usefulness of a machine.
Angle Indicator (Boom). An accessory which measures and indicates the angle of boom to the horizontal.
Articulating Boom Crane. A crane articulated by hydraulic cylinders, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor.
Automatic Crane. A crane which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles.
Auxiliary Hoist. A supplemental hoisting unit of lighter capacity and usually higher speed than provided for the main hoist.
Axis of Rotation. The vertical axis around which the crane superstructure rotates.
Base (Mounting). The traveling base or carrier on which the rotating superstructure is mounted such as a car, truck, crawlers, or wheel platform.
Boom. A member section of a crane or derrick, the lower end of which is affixed to a mast, base, carriage, or support, and the upper end supports a hook or other end attachment. The length of the boom shall be taken as the straight line distance between the axis of the foot pin and the axis of the end sheave pin.
Boom Angle. The angle between the longitudinal centerline of the boom and the horizontal. The boom longitudinal centerline is a straight line between the boom foot pin (heel pin) centerline and boom point sheave pin centerline.
Boom Hoist. A hoist drum and rope reeving system used to raise and lower the boom. The rope system may be all live reeving or a combination of live reeving and pendants.
Boomstop. A device used to limit the angle of the boom at the highest position.
Boom-Type Excavator. A power-operated excavating crane-type machine used for digging or moving materials. Some excavators of this type are commonly known as dipper stick shovels, backdiggers, trench hoe shovels, draglines, grab buckets, clamshell or orange peel excavators.
Booming, Luffing or Topping. Raising or lowering the head of a boom.
Brake. A device used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.
Brake (Electric). An electric motor acting as a brake by regenerative, counter-torque, or dynamic means.
Brake (Electrically Operated). A friction brake actuated or controlled by electric means.
Brake, Holding. A brake that automatically prevents motion when all power is cut off from the brake holding mechanism.
Bridge. That part of a crane consisting of girders, trucks, end ties, footwalks and drive mechanism which carries the trolley or trolleys.
Bridge Travel. The crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway.
Buffer. A cushioning device at the ends of a trolley, bridge, or other moving part of a crane operating on rails to minimize shock in the event of collision.
Bulk Cargo Spout. A spout, which may or may not be telescopic and may or may not have removable sections, but is suspended over the vessel from some overhead structure by wire rope or other means. Such a spout is often used with a thrower or trimming machine. A grain loading spout is an example of spouts covered by this definition.
Bulk Cargo Sucker. A pneumatic conveyor which utilizes a spoutlike device, which may be adjustable vertically and/or laterally, and which is suspended over a vessel from some overhead structure by wire rope or other means. An example of an installation of this nature is the grain sucker used to discharge grain from barges.
Bumper. A device which stops the moving part at the limit of travel of a trolley, bridge, or crane operating on rails and prevents further motion beyond that point.
Cab. An inclosure for housing the operator and/or the hoisting mechanism, power plant, and equipment controlling a crane.
Cab-Operated Crane. A crane controlled by an operator in a cab located on the bridge or trolley.
Cableway. A power operated system for moving loads in which the loads are conveyed on an overhead cable, track or carriage.
Cage. An open structure for housing the operator and/or the equipment controlling crane or hoist.
Certificating Agency. Certificating agencies are qualified agencies, and/or persons, licensed by the Division to examine, test and certify cranes and derricks in accordance with Sections 344.60 through 344.67 of Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations.
Certified Agent. The manufacturer, or a person who is currently registered as a professional civil, mechanical, or structural engineer by the State of California and is knowledgeable in the structure and use of the equipment.
Chicago Boom Derrick. A boom which is attached to a structure, an outside upright member of the structure serving as the mast, and the boom being stopped in a fixed socket clamped to the upright. The derrick is complete with load, boom, and boom point swing line falls.
Clearance. The distance from any part of the crane to a point of the nearest obstruction.
Controller, Spring Return. A controller which when released will return automatically to a neutral position.
Counterweight. A weight used to supplement the weight of the machine in providing stability for lifting working loads.
Crane. A machine for lifting or lowering a load and moving it horizontally, in which the hoisting mechanism is an integral part of the machine. It may be driven manually or by power and may be a fixed or a mobile machine, but does not include stackers, lift trucks, power shovels, backhoes, or excavators. Some of the common types of cranes are defined as follows:
(A) Boom-Type Mobile Crane. A self-propelled crane equipped with a boom and mounted on a chassis which is supported on either rubber tires, crawler treads or railway wheels running on railroad tracks.
(B) Cantilever Gantry Crane. A crane in which the bridge girders or trusses are extended transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides. Its runway may be either on the ground or elevated.
(C) Crawler Crane. A crane consisting of a superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on a base, equipped with crawler treads for travel.
(D) Floor Operated Crane. A crane which is pendant or nonconductive rope controlled by an operator on the floor or an independent platform.
(E) Gantry Crane. A crane similar to an overhead traveling crane, except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more movable legs running on fixed rails or other runway.
(1) Container Handling Yard Crane. Rubber tired gantry crane.
(F) Hammerhead Crane. A rotating, counterbalanced cantilever, equipped with one or more trolleys and supported by a pivot or turntable on a traveling or fixed tower.
(G) Jib Crane. A fixed crane consisting of a supported vertical member from which extends a horizontal swinging arm carrying a trolley hoist or other hoisting mechanism.
(H) Locomotive Crane. A boom-type mobile crane consisting of a self-propelled car operating on a railroad track, upon which is mounted a rotating body supporting the power-operated mechanism, together with a boom capable of being raised or lowered at its head (outer end) from which is led the wire rope or chain connected to the hoisting mechanism, for raising or lowering a load.
(I) Monorail Crane. A crane whose hoisting mechanism is suspended from, and is an integral part of, one or more trolleys mounted on a single track.
(J) Motor Truck Crane. A boom-type mobile crane mounted on a motor truck frame or rubber-tired chassis. It consists of a rotating superstructure with power plant, operating mechanism and boom.
(K) Overhead Traveling or Bridge Crane. A crane on a pair of parallel elevated runways, adapted to lift and lower a load and carry it horizontally parallel to, or at right angles to, the runways or both; and consisting of one or more trolleys operating on the bridge which in turn consists of one or more girders or trusses mounted on trucks operating on the elevated runways, with its operation limited to the area between the runways.
(L) Pillar Crane. A fixed crane consisting of a vertical member held in position at the base to resist overturning moment with constant-radius revolving boom supported at the outer end by a tension member.
(M) Pillar Jib Crane. A fixed crane consisting of a vertical member held at the base with a horizontal revolving arm carrying a trolley.
(N) Polar Crane. A bridge or gantry type crane which travels on a circular track.
(O) Portal Crane (Whirley Type). A gantry crane without trolley motion, which has a boom attached to a revolving crane mounted on a gantry, with the boom capable of being raised or lowered at its head (outer end). Portal cranes may be fixed or mobile.
(P) Power Operated Crane. A crane whose mechanism is driven by electric, air, hydraulic or internal combustion means.
(Q) Pulpit-Operated Crane. A crane operated from a fixed operation station not a hazard to the crane.
(R) Remote-Operated Crane. A crane controlled by an operator not in a pulpit or in a cab hooked to the crane, by any method other than pendant or rope control.
(S) Standby Crane. A crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.
(T) Semi-Gantry or Single Leg Crane. A gantry crane with 1 end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more movable legs, running on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being supported by a truck running on an elevated rail or runway.
(U) Semi-Portal Crane. A portal crane mounted on a semi-gantry frame instead of a gantry frame.
(V) Tower Crane. A crane in which a boom, swinging jib or other structural member is mounted on a vertical mast or tower.
(1) Tower Crane (Climber). A crane erected upon and supported by a building or other structure which may be raised or lowered to different floors or levels of the building or structure.
(2) Tower Crane (Free Standing). A crane with a horizontally swinging, usually non-luffing boom which may be on a fixed base or mounted on rails.
(3) Tower Crane (Mobile). A tower crane which is mounted on a crawler, truck or similar carrier for travel or transit.
(4) Tower Crane (Self-Erector). A mobile tower crane that is truck carrier mounted and capable of self-erection.
(W) Traveling Jib Crane. A jib crane with the vertical member running on a track, its upper end guided by a parallel overhead track.
(X) Wall Crane. A crane having jib with or without a trolley and supported from a side wall or line of columns of a building.
(Y) Wheel Mounted Crane. A crane consisting of a rotating superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on a base or platform equipped with axles and rubber-tired wheels for travel. The base is usually propelled by the engine in the superstructure, but it may be equipped with a separate engine controlled from the superstructure. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii.
Crane Runway. The structure upon which a crane runs, and may be:
(A) A structure consisting of columns, longitudinal bracing and elevated beams, girders, or trusses, for supporting traveling or bridge cranes.
(B) Elevated beams, girders, or trusses in a building or on the side of a building, for supporting traveling cranes.
(C) Surface tracks or rails.
(D) Tracks or rails on walls or trestles.
Derrick. An apparatus consisting of a mast or equivalent member held at the top by guys or braces, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting mechanism and operating rope, for lifting or lowering a load and moving it horizontally.
(A) A-Frame Derrick. A derrick in which the boom is hinged from a cross member between the bottom ends of two upright members spread apart at the lower ends and joined at the top; the boom point secured to the junction of the side members, and the side members are braced or guyed from this junction point.
(B) Breast Derrick. A derrick without a boom. The mast consists of two side members spread farther apart at the base than at the top and tied together at top and bottom by rigid members. The mast is prevented from tipping forward by guys connected to its top. The load is raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top crosspiece.
(C) Gin Pole Derrick. A derrick without a boom. Its guys are so arranged from its top to permit leaning the mast in any direction. The load is raised and lowered by ropes reeved through sheaves or blocks at the top of the mast.
(D) Guy Derrick. A fixed derrick consisting of a mast capable of being rotated, supported in a vertical position by guys, and a boom whose bottom end is hinged or pivoted to move in a vertical plane with a reeved rope between the head of the mast and the boom point for raising and lowering the boom, and a reeved rope from the boom point for raising and lowering the load.
(E) Stiffleg Derrick. A derrick similar to a guy derrick except that the mast is supported or held in place by two or more stiff members, called stifflegs, which are capable of resisting either tensile or compressive forces. Sills are generally provided to connect the lower ends of the stifflegs to the foot of the mast.
(F) Shearleg Derrick. A derrick without a boom and similar to a breast derrick. The mast, wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, is hinged at the bottom and has its top secured by a multiple reeved guy to permit handling loads at various radii by means of load tackle suspended from the mast top.
Designated Person. A person selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.
Drag Brake. A brake which provides retarding force without external control.
Dynamic Brake. A method of controlling crane motor speeds when in the overhauling condition to provide a retarding force.
Dynamic Loading. Loads introduced into the machine or its components by forces in motion.
Emergency Stop Switch. A manually or automatically operated electric switch to cut off electric power independently of the regular operating controls.
Hoist. An apparatus for raising or lowering a load by the application of a pulling force, but does not include a car or platform riding in guides. Some common types of hoists are defined as follows:
(A) Base-Mounted Electric Hoist. A hoist similar to an overhead electric hoist, except that it has a base or feet and may be mounted overhead, on a vertical plane, or in any position for which it is designed.
(B) Clevis Suspension Hoist. A hoist whose upper suspension member is a clevis.
(C) Hook Suspension Hoist. A hoist whose upper suspension member is a hook.
(D) Monorail Hoist. A hoist whose hoisting mechanism is suspended from one or more trolleys mounted on a single track.
(E) Overhead Electric Hoist. A motor-driven hoist having one or more drums or sheave for rope or chain and supported overhead. It may be fixed or traveling.
(F) Simple Drum Hoist. A hoist with one or more drums controlled by manually operated clutches, brakes, or ratchet and pawl on drum, and control levers, which is operated by hand or by power. Note:This type of hoist is known to the trade as a contractor's hoist and is usually a portable unit.
(i) Double-Drum Hoist. A simple drum hoist having two independent hoisting drums.
(ii) Single-Drum Hoist. A simple drum hoist having only one hoisting drum.
(iii) Single Fixed Drum Hoist. A single-drum hoist with the drum geared directly to the power unit instead of by means of friction clutches.
Hoist Chain. The load bearing chain in a hoist.
Hoisting Machine. A power operated machine used for lifting or lowering a load, utilizing a drum and wire rope, excluding elevators. This shall include but not be limited to a crane, derrick and cableway.
Hoist Motion. That motion of a crane which raises and lowers a load.

Jib.
(A) A horizontal arm, for supporting a trolley or fall block, which does not change its inclination with the horizontal.
(B) An extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads. The jib may be in line with the boom or offset to various angles.
Lay. That distance measured along a rope in which one strand makes a complete revolution around the rope axis.
Limit Switch. A device designed to cut off the power automatically at or near the limit of travel of a crane, trolley, hoist, or similar mechanism.
Line Pull, Permissible. A line pull, less than the available pull, restricted by rope strength, clutch or brake ability, or other limitation in machinery or equipment.
Load (Working). The external load in pounds applied on the hoisting line, including the weight of load attaching equipment such as load blocks, shackles, slings, buckets, and magnets.
Load Block (Lower). The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting ropes.
Load Block (Upper). The assembly of sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the boom.
Load Rating. The lifting capacity established by the certified agent for various angles and positions.
Machine House. An enclosure for housing the hoisting mechanism and power plant.
Magnet. An electromagnetic device carried on a crane hook to pick up loads magnetically.
Main Hoist. The hoist mechanism provided for lifting the maximum rated load.
Main Switch. A switch controlling the entire power supply to the crane.
Man Trolley. A trolley having an operator's cage attached thereto and may be used as an integral part of a monorail hoist or a monorail crane.
Master Switch. A switch which dominates the operation of contractors, relays, or other remotely operated devices.
Molten Metal Handling Crane. An overhead crane used for transporting or pouring molten material.
Outdoor Storage Bridge. A gantry type crane of long span usually used for bulk storage of material. The bridge girders or trusses are rigidly or nonrigidly supported on one or more legs. It may have one or more fixed or hinged cantilever ends.
Overhead Loads. For the purpose of Group 13 Regulations, overhead loads are loads either passed or suspended directly over employee-occupied work-spaces or passageways.
Radius (Lad). The horizontal distance from the center of rotation of a crane or derrick to the center of the freely suspended hook or load.
Rated Load. The maximum load for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built by the manufacturer and shown on the equipment nameplate(s) or load capacity chart.
Reeving. A rope system in which the rope travels around drums and sheaves.
Regenerative. A form of dynamic braking in which the electrical energy generated is fed back into the power system.
Rope. Refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.
Running Sheave. A sheave which rotates as the load block is raised or lowered.
Safety Hook. A hook with a safety latch or arrangement to close the throat of the hook, in such manner as to prevent slings or load attachment from accidentally slipping off the hook.
Side Pull. That portion of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.
Side Pull or Side Loading. A load applied at any angle to the vertical plane of the boom.
Span. The horizontal distance center to center of runway rails.
Standing Rope (Guy). A supporting rope which maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the two components connected by the rope.
Structural Competence. The ability of the machine and its components to withstand the stresses imposed by applied loads.
Swinging or Slewing. The act of moving a boom through a horizontal arc.
Switch. A device for making, breaking, or for changing the connections in an electric circuit.
Track. A structural member that supports the trolley or crane wheels.
Transit. The moving or transporting of a crane from one job site to another.
Travel. The function of a machine moving from one location to another, on a job site. Trolley. A truck or carriage supporting the load mounted on an overhead beam, bridge, cableway or track.
Trolley Travel. The trolley movement at right angles to the crane runway.
Truck (of an overhead, gantry, or locomotive crane). The framework and wheels operating on the runway or rails and supporting the bridge, trolley, or body of the crane.
PLATE I. TYPES OF CRANES

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OVERHEAD TRAVELING Fig. 1

Types of Cranes

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GANTRY Fig. 2

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SINGLE-LEG OR SEMI-GANTRY Fig. 3

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CANTILEVER GANTRY Fig. 4

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CONTAINER HANDLING YARD CRANE. RUBBER TIRED GANTRY CRANE Fig. 4-a .

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CONTAINER CRANE SHIP LOADING/UNLOADING. DOUBLE CANTILEVER GANTRY CRANE Fig. 4-
b.

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PORTAL (Whirley Type) Fig. 5

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TOWER (Whirley Type) Fig. 6

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HAMMERHEAD Fig. 7

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WALL CRANE Fig. 8

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JIB CRANE Fig. 9

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PILLAR CRANE Fig. 10

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PILLAR JIB CRANE Fig. 11

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TRUCK CRANE TELESCOPING BOOM Fig. 13
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HYDRAULIC CRANE Fig. 14

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MOBILE CRANE WITH TOWER ATTACHMENT Fig. 15

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COMMERCIAL TRUCK-MOUNTED CRANE -NONTELESCOPING BOOM Fig. 15-a

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COMMERCIAL TRUCK-MOUNTED CRANE - TELESCOPING BOOM Fig. 15-b.

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TOWER CLIMBER Fig. 16

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TOWER FREE STANDING Fig. 17

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LUFFING BOOM TOWER CRANE Fig. 17-a

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LOCOMOTIVE CRANE Fig. 18

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CRAWLER CRANE Fig. 19

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WHEEL MOUNTED CRANE Fig. 20

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TRUCK CRANE Fig. 21

PLATE II. TYPES OF DERRICKS.

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A-FRAME DERRICK Fig. 1

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GIN-POLE DERRICK Fig. 2

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BREAST DERRICK Fig. 3

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GUY DERRICK Fig. 4

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STIFF LEG DERRICK Fig. 5

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CHICAGO BOOM Fig 6

PLATE III. FLOATING CRANES AND FLOATING DERRICKS

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FLOATING CRANE Fig. 1

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BARGE MOUNTED LAND CRANE Fig. 2

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FLOATING STIFFLEG DERRICK Fig. 3

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FLOATING A-FRAME DERRICK Fig. 4



Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4886. Purpose.
The orders in this Article apply to overhead traveling or bridge cranes, storage cranes, gantry cranes, portal cranes, jib cranes, pillar cranes, pintle cranes, wall cranes, polar cranes of rated capacity exceeding one ton, and any modification of these types which retain their characteristic features except when an order is specific as to type of crane.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4887. Access to the Cage, Cab, or Machine House Required.
(a) Access to the cage, cab or machine house shall be afforded by a fixed ladder, stairs or platform requiring a step-over of not more than 12 inches, except in installations prior to January 1, 1973, the gap may exceed 12 inches but shall not exceed 20 inches, and so located that a person approaching or leaving the crane shall not be exposed to dangerous shear hazards. If the top of a ladder or stairway or any position thereof is located where a moving part of a crane, such as a revolving house, could strike an employee ascending or descending the ladder or stairway, a prominent warning sign shall be posted at the foot of the ladder or stairway. A system of communication (such as a buzzer or bell) shall be established and maintained between the foot of the ladder or stairway and the operator's cab.
(b) For bridge and gantry cranes, there shall be a ladder, stairs or other safe means which provides access to the bridge walkway. Where cage is attached to and below bridge girders, no portion of the cage or cage platform shall be in the projected area between the girders unless there are bridge stops or bumpers to prevent the trolley from passing over the projected area opposite the cage.
(c) On all cranes having revolving cabs or machine houses, means shall be provided to permit the operator to enter or leave the crane cab or machine house irrespective of position of the cab and to safely reach the ground.
(d) When necessary to go out on booms or bridges to service the blocks or other parts of the machinery, each boom or bridge shall be equipped with a substantial walkway or platform handholds, or grab irons giving access to the blocks and machinery. Permanent elevated platforms attached to the building at the end of the bridge crane runways and at the same level of the bridge, which give safe access to the bridge, or mobile work platforms, will be acceptable in lieu of the platform on the bridge. Single girder or monorail bridges with underhung trolleys and hoists are exempted, provided the hoists and trolleys are serviced or repaired from a safe, portable ladder or other safe temporary means. Booms which can be and are safely lowered to a safe location for such servicing operation will be exempted from this order, provided all grease and oil fittings and receptacles are piped or otherwise located so that they can be conveniently serviced from such walkways or safe locations without climbing over or upon the boom, bridge, or trolley structure. Footwalks shall be of rigid construction and designed to sustain a distributed load of at least 50 pounds per square foot.
(e) Where practicable, every overhead traveling crane walkway shall have a headroom of at least 78 inches. Where not practicable to provide this clearance, the crane walkway shall have at least 60 inches clearance or the walkway shall be omitted from the crane and a permanent elevated platform shall be attached to the building at the end of the crane runway.
Note: See General Industry Safety Orders, Group I for general workspace, and access requirements.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4888. Outdoor Cages, Cabs, or Machine Houses.
(a) The cages, cabs, or machine houses on cranes used in inclement weather shall be enclosed to protect the operator.
(b) The general arrangement of the cab and the location of control and protective equipment shall be such that all operating handles are within convenient reach of the operator when facing the area to be served by the load hook, or while facing the direction of travel of the cab. The arrangement shall allow the operator a full view of the load hook in all positions except as provided under Section 5001.
(c) The cab shall be located to afford a minimum of 3 inches clearance from all fixed structures within its area of possible movement.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4889. Warning Devices.
(a) An audible warning device shall be mounted on each overhead traveling or bridge crane equipped with a power traveling mechanism, to warn persons in or near the path of crane travel.
Exception: Floor operated cranes whose movements are controlled by an operator through the use of controllers contained in a pendant station suspended from the crane.
(b) When starting the bridge and when the load or hook approaches personnel, the warning signal shall be sounded.
Exception: When an employee whose specific duties are to spot and direct crane operations who is in contact with the operator by signals, telephone, radio, etc.
(c) Cranes traveling on rails or rubber tires at ground level and operating in work areas shall be equipped with automatic warning devices to warn employees whenever the crane is traveling.
(d) Overhead traveling or bridge cranes equipped with a power traveling mechanism whose warning device has become inoperative shall not be operated until the warning device is repaired or replaced.
Exception: Temporary crane operation will be permitted if a spotter having a clear view of the crane load and operator is present whose specific duty is to warn those in the path of the crane or its load.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4890. Fire Extinguisher.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4895. Illumination.
Sufficient light shall be provided in the cab to enable the operator to see clearly enough to perform the work.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.









s 4896. Controllers.
(a) Cranes not equipped with spring-return controllers or momentary contact pushbuttons shall be provided with a device which will disconnect all motors from the line on failure of line power and will not permit any motor to be restarted on line power until the controller handle is brought to the "off" position, or a reset switch or button is operated.
(b) For cranes operated from the floor, the controller or controllers, if the controller is rope or line actuated, shall automatically return to the "off" position when released by the operator.
(c) Lever-operated controllers shall be provided with a mechanical device which will hold the handle in the "off" position, requiring voluntary effort to move it from the "off" position to the "on" position.
(d) All electrically operated cranes shall have their controllers plainly marked to indicate their function and the equipment they control. As far as is practicable, the movement of each controller handle shall be in the same general direction as the resultant movement of the load.
(e) The controller operating handles shall be located within convenient reach of the operator.
(f) The controls for the bridge and trolley shall be so located that the operator can readily see the direction of travel while operating the controls.
(g) All electric cranes of similar design operating in a given plant shall be so wired that like motion of controller handles will produce like effect in similarly controlled mechanisms.
(h) Remote-operated cranes shall function so that if the control signal for any crane motion becomes ineffective, crane motion shall stop.
(i) Automatic cranes shall be so designed that all motions shall failsafe if any malfunction of controls occurs.
(j) Pendant controller controls shall return to the "off" position when released by the operator.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4897. Hoist Limit Device.
The hoisting motion of all electric overhead traveling cranes shall be provided with a suitable and effective enclosed-type limit switch so placed and arranged as to stop the hoist before the hook passes the highest point of safe travel.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4898. Brakes for Hoists.
(a) Each independent hoisting unit of a crane shall be equipped with at least one self-setting brake, hereafter referred to as a holding brake, applied directly to the motor shaft or some part of the gear train.
(b) Each independent hoisting unit of a crane, except worm-geared hoists, the angle of whose worm is such as to prevent the load from accelerating in the lowering direction, shall, in addition to a holding brake, be equipped with control braking means to prevent over-speeding.
(c) Holding brakes for hoist motors shall have not less than the following percentage of the full load hoisting torque at the point where the brake is applied:
(1) 125 percent when used with a control braking means other than mechanical.
(2) 100 percent when used in conjunction with a mechanical control braking means.
(3) 100 percent each if two holding brakes are provided.
(d) Holding brakes on hoists shall have ample thermal capacity for the frequency of operation required by the service.
(e) Holding brakes on hoists shall be applied automatically when power is removed from the brake holding mechanism.
Note: Dynamic braking controls of d-c motors may maintain power at the brake holding mechanism (coil) if the power supply to the crane is interrupted while a load is being lowered. The holding brakes need not be applied automatically in this situation, since the operator can stop or control the lowering speed of the load in a normal manner.
(f) Holding brakes shall be provided with adjustment means to compensate for wear.
(g) The wearing surface of all holding-brake drums or discs shall be smooth.
(h) Each independent hoisting unit of a crane handling hot metal and having power control braking means shall be equipped with at least two holding brakes.
(i) A power control braking means such as regenerative, dynamic or counter-torque braking, or a mechanically controlled braking means shall be capable of maintaining safe lowering speeds of rated loads.
(j) The control braking means shall have ample thermal capacity for the frequency of operation required by service.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4899. Foot Brake Pedal.
Foot-operated brake pedals shall be maintained so that the operator's foot will not easily slip off.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.









s 4900. Locking Device.
A locking device capable of holding the brake applied at 50 percent more than the maximum rated load shall be provided on each hand or foot operated hoisting motion brake unless a ratchet and pawl are provided on the drum. Such locking device shall either, require a separate motion of the hand or foot from that motion which applies the brake or other arrangement for application and release which will not distract the operator from his other activities of controlling the crane and load.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4901. Brakes for Bridge and Swinging Motion.
(a) On cage-operated cranes with the cage mounted directly on the bridge girders, a foot brake to properly retard and stop the motion of the bridge shall be installed unless the bridge stops automatically when the power is cut off. This does not apply to underslung cab monorail cranes.
(b) Brakes for retarding the motion of the bridge shall be capable of retarding it at the rate of 1 foot per second per second while full load is being carried.
(c) The swinging or slewing mechanism on boom-type cranes shall be provided with a brake or lock having holding power in either direction. The lever operating this brake or lock shall have a device by which it can be secured in the holding position.
(d) On cab-operated cranes with the cab on the trolley, a trolley brake shall be required of sufficient size to stop the trolley within a distance in feet equal to 10 percent of full load speed in feet per minute when traveling at full speed with a full load.
(e) On cab-operated cranes with cab on trolley, a bridge brake of the holding type shall be required.
(f) If holding brakes are provided on bridge or trolley(s), they shall not prohibit the use of a drift point in the control circuit.
(g) On all floor, remote and pulpit operated crane bridge drives, a brake or noncoasting mechanical drive shall be provided.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4902. Boom Hoist Mechanisms.
(a) When using recommended boom hoist reeving and with rated loads suspended, the boom hoist shall be capable of raising the boom, holding it stationary without attention from the operator, and lowering it only when coupled to its prime mover.
(b) The boom hoisting mechanism shall be provided with a suitable clutching or power engaging device permitting immediate starting or stopping of the boom drum motion. The boom hoisting mechanism also shall be provided with a self-setting safety brake, capable of supporting all rated loads, with recommended reeving.
(c) Brakes and clutches shall be provided with adjustments where necessary to compensate for wear and to maintain required force in springs where used.
(d) The boom hoisting mechanism shall be provided with an auxiliary ratchet and pawl or other positive locking device.
(e) The boom hoist drum shall have sufficient rope capacity to operate the boom at all positions from horizontal to the highest angle recommended when using the manufacturer's recommended reeving and rope size.
(1) No less than two full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum with boom point lowered to the level of the crane and supporting surface.
(2) The drum end of the rope shall be anchored by a clamp securely attached to the drum or a wedge socket arrangement approved by the crane or rope manufacturer.
(f) The drum diameter shall be sufficient to provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of not less than 15 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.
(g) Automatic means shall be provided to stop boom drum motion when the maximum permissible boom angle is reached.
(h) The wearing surface of all brake drums or discs shall be smooth.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4903. Runway Travel Limit Device.
(a) At the limits of travel of the bridges or gantry structures, bumpers or other positive travel limiting device shall be provided which will prevent bridge or gantry structures from leaving the ends of the rails. If bumpers are provided and they engage the tread of the wheel, they shall be of a height not less than the radius of the wheel.
(b) Bumpers, if used, shall have energy absorbing capacity to stop the crane when traveling at a speed of at least 40 percent of rated load speed, but the average deceleration rate shall not exceed 3 feet per second per second when traveling in either direction at 20 percent of the rated load speed and shall be so mounted that there is no direct shear on bolts.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4904. Trolley Bumpers.
(a) Bumpers shall be provided at each end of the trolley travel to prevent trolleys leaving the rails. If the bumpers engage the tread of the wheels, they shall be of a height at least equal to the radius of the wheel. Trolley bumpers shall be capable of stopping the trolley at an average rate of deceleration not exceeding 4.7 feet per second per second when traveling in either direction at 1/3 of the rated load speed. Bumpers shall be designed and installed to minimize parts falling from the trolley in case of breakage.
(b) If there is more than one trolley on the same bridge girder, buffers or other cushioning devices shall be placed between the trolleys. Buffers shall be designed and installed to minimize parts falling from the trolley in case of breakage.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code







s 4905. Bridge or Gantry Buffers.
(a) If there is more than one crane on the same runway, buffers or other cushioning devices shall be placed between the cranes at both ends of the bridges or gantries.
(b) Buffers shall have energy absorbing capacity to stop the crane when traveling at a speed of at least 40 percent of rated load speed, but the average deceleration rate shall not exceed 3 feet per second per second when traveling in either direction at 20 percent of the rated load speed.


Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.







s 4906. Truck Wheel Guards and Railsweeps.
(a) Bridge truck wheels, except on underhung cranes, or those isolated by location, shall be equipped with wheel guards. They shall also be equipped with railsweeps which extend below the top of the rail and project in front of the truck wheels.
(b) Gantry, tower, hammerhead, or portal crane trucks and wheels shall be equipped with wheel guards or be otherwise similarly guarded at both ends of each truck to prevent a person being crushed beneath the wheels. The clearance between the guard and the rail or running surface shall be such as will afford maximum protection against crushing injuries. Wherever practicable, one half of an inch clearance shall be maintained. (continued)