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(continued)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Appendix E
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Appendix F
Modified wheel guards for use with saucer-shaped surface wheels
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Appendix G
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3620. Scope.
This standard prescribes rules and requirements for the design, construction, and use of mobile work platforms (including ladder stands but not including aerial ladders) and rolling (mobile) scaffolds (towers).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3621. Definitions.
Brace. A tie that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another member.
Climbing Ladder. A separate ladder with equally spaced rungs usually attached to the scaffold structure for climbing and descending.
Coupler. A device for locking together the components of a tubular metal scaffold which shall be designed and used to safely support the maximum intended loads.
Design Working Load. The maximum intended load, that is, the total of all loads including the weight of the workers, materials, and equipment.
Elevated Work Level. The elevated platform, used for supporting workers and their materials, comprising the necessary vertical, horizontal, and diagonal braces, guardrails and ladder for access to the work platform.
Ladder Stand. A mobile fixed size self-supporting ladder consisting of a wide flat tread ladder in the form of stairs. The assembly may include handrails but does not include a platform.
Ledger. A horizontal member of a scaffold upon which the platform rests and which may be supported by ribbons.
Mobile. In connection with this Article, the term "mobile" shall mean "manually propelled."
Mobile Scaffold (Tower). A light, medium, or heavy duty scaffold mounted on casters or wheels.
Mobile Work Platform. A fixed work level on casters or wheels, with bracing diagonally from platform to vertical frame.
Ribbon. A horizontal scaffold member which extends from post to post and which supports the ledger forming a tie between the posts.
Scaffold. Any temporary elevated platform and its necessary vertical, diagonal, and horizontal members used to support workers and materials. (Also known as a scaffold tower.)
Tube and Coupler Scaffold. An assembly consisting of tubing which serves as posts, ledgers, braces, ties, and ribbons, a base supporting the posts, and special couplers which serve to connect the uprights and to join the various members.
Tubular Welded Frame Scaffold. A sectional, panel or frame metal scaffold substantially built up of prefabricated welded sections, which consist of posts and ledgers with intermediate connecting members and braced with diagonal or cross braces.
Tubular Welded Sectional Folding Scaffold. A sectional, folding metal scaffold either of ladder frame or inside stairway design, substantially built of prefabricated welded sections, which consist of end frames, platform frame, inside inclined stairway frame and braces, or hinge-connected diagonal and horizontal braces, capable of being folded into a flat package when the scaffold is not in use.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3622. General.
(a) "All scaffolds shall be erected in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of the Construction Safety Orders."
(b) Load Rating.
(1) The design working load of ladder stands shall be calculated on the basis of one or more 200-pound persons together with 50 pounds of equipment each.
(2) The design load of all scaffolds shall be calculated on the basis of:
(A) Light -Designed and constructed to carry a working load of 25 pounds per square foot.
(B) Medium -Designed and constructed to carry a working load of 50 pounds per square foot.
(C) Heavy -Designed and constructed to carry a working load of 75 pounds per square foot.
(3) All ladder stands and scaffolds shall be capable of supporting at least 4 times the design working load.
(c) Materials. The materials used in mobile ladder stands and scaffolds shall be selected to safely support the design working load and shall be maintained to protect against corrosion and deterioration.
(d) Fasteners. Nails, bolts, or other fasteners used in the construction of ladders, scaffolds, and towers shall be of adequate size and in sufficient numbers at each connection to develop the designed strength of the unit. Nails shall be driven full length. (All nails shall be immediately withdrawn from dismantled lumber.)
(e) Workmanship. All exposed surfaces shall be free from sharp edges, burrs, or other laceration hazards.
(f) Work Levels.
(1) The maximum work level height shall not exceed 3 times the least base dimension below the platform. Where the basic mobile unit does not meet this requirement, outrigger frames shall be employed to achieve this least base dimension, or provisions shall be made to guy or brace the unit against tipping.
(2) The minimum platform width for any work level shall not be less than 20 inches for mobile scaffolds (towers). Ladder stands shall have a minimum step width of 16 inches.
(3) The supporting structure for the work level shall be rigidly braced, using cross bracing or diagonal bracing with rigid platforms at each work level.
(4) The steps of ladder stands shall be slip-resistant.
(5) The work level platform of scaffolds (towers) shall be made of wood, aluminum, or plywood planking, steel or expanded metal, for the full width of the scaffold, except for necessary openings. Work platforms shall be secured in place. All planking shall be two-inch (nominal) Douglas Fir suitable for scaffold planks, or equivalent. Minimum allowable bending stress shall be 2,200 psi.
Note : Select structural scaffold plank, as described in Paragraph 171-b of the January 1, 2000 Standard Grading Rules No. 17, published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau and Scaffold No. 2 as described in Paragraph 58.12 of the 1998 Edition of the Western Lumber Grading Rules published by the Western Wood Products Association, satisfy this requirement.
(6) All scaffold work levels 6 feet or higher above the ground or floor shall have a toeboard at locations where persons are required to work or pass under the scaffold. (See Section 3210.)
(7) All scaffold work levels 30 inches or higher above the ground or floor shall have guardrail protection that meets the requirements of Section 3209 and 3210.
(8) A climbing ladder or stairway shall be provided for proper access and egress, and shall be affixed or built into the scaffold and so located that its use will not have a tendency to tip the scaffold. A landing platform shall be provided at intervals not to exceed 30 feet.
(g) Wheels or Casters.
(1) Wheels or casters shall be properly designed for strength and dimensions to support 4 times the design working load.
(2) All scaffold wheels, casters and swivels shall be provided with a positive locking device, or other effective means to prevent movement of the scaffold.
(3) Ladder stands shall have at least 2 locking casters or other means of locking the unit in position. If only 2 casters are used, they shall be of the directional type and if 4 casters are used, at least 2 of the 4 shall be of the swivel type.
(4) Locking devices shall be kept in the locked position when workers are climbing or working on scaffolds and ladder stands.
(5) Where leveling of the elevated work platform is required, screw jacks or other similar means for adjusting the height shall be provided in the base section of each mobile unit. The screw jack shall extend into its leg tube at least 1/3 its length, but in no case shall the exposed portion of the screw jack exceed 12 inches.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3623. Mobile Tubular Welded Frame Scaffolds.
(a) Units shall be designed to comply with the requirements of Section 3622.
(b) Scaffolds shall be braced by cross braces or diagonal braces, or both, for securing vertical members together laterally. The cross braces shall be of a length that will automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid.
(c) Spacing of panels or frames shall be consistent with the loads imposed. The frames shall be placed one on top of the other with coupling or stacking pins to provide vertical alignment of the legs.
(d) Where uplift may occur, panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or other equivalent means.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3624. Mobile Tubular Welded Sectional Folding Scaffolds.
(a) Units including sectional stairway and sectional ladder scaffolds shall be designed to comply with the requirements of Section 3622.
(b) An integral stairway and work platform shall be incorporated into the structure of each sectional folding stairway scaffold.
(c) An integral set of pivoting and hinged folding diagonal and horizontal braces and a detachable work platform shall be incorporated into the structure of each sectional folding ladder scaffold.
(d) Sectional folding stairway scaffolds shall be designed as medium duty scaffolds except for special base (open end) sections, which are designed for high clearance. These special base sections shall be designed as light duty scaffolds. When upper sectional folding stairway scaffolds are used with a special high clearance base, the load capacity of the entire scaffold will be reduced accordingly.
(e) Sectional folding ladder scaffolds shall be designed as light duty scaffolds including special base (open end) sections which are designed for high clearance. For certain special applications the 6-foot folding ladder scaffolds, except for special high clearance base sections, shall be designed for use as medium duty scaffolds.
(f) The width of a sectional folding stairway scaffold shall not exceed 4 1/2 feet. The maximum length of a sectional folding stairway scaffold shall not exceed 6 feet.
(g) The width of a sectional folding ladder scaffold shall not exceed 4 1/2 feet. The maximum length of a sectional folding ladder scaffold shall not exceed 6 feet 6 inches for a 6-foot long unit, 8 feet 6 inches for an 8-foot unit or 10 feet 6 inches for a 10-foot long unit.
(h) The end frames of sectional ladder and stairway scaffolds shall be designed so that the horizontal ledgers provide supports for multiple planking levels.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3625. Mobile Tube and Coupler Scaffolds.
(a) Units shall be designed to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 3622.
(b) The material used for the couplers shall be of a structural type, such as a drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. The use of gray cast iron is prohibited.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3626. Mobile Work Platforms.
(a) Units shall be designed for the use intended and shall comply with the requirements of Section 3622.
(b) The minimum width of the base of mobile work platforms shall be 20 inches.
(c) Adequate rigid diagonal bracing to vertical members shall be provided.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3627. Mobile Ladder Stands.
(a) Units shall comply with applicable requirements of Section 3622.
(b) The minimum base width shall conform to Section 3622(f). The minimum length of the base section shall be the total length of combined steps and top assembly, measured horizontally, plus 5/8-inch per step of rise.
(c) Steps shall be uniformly spaced, and sloped, with a rise of not less than 9 inches, nor more than 10 inches, and a depth of not less than seven (7) inches nor more than 10 inches including the top tread. The slope of the steps section shall be a minimum of 55 degrees and a maximum of 60 degrees measured from the horizontal.
(d) Units having steps with four or more risers shall be equipped with handrails.
(e) Handrails shall be a minimum of 30 inches high. Measurements shall be taken from the upper surface of the top rail to the surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser below the tread.
(f) The design working load stipulated in Section 3622(b)(1) shall be applied uniformly to a 3 1/2-inch wide area front to back at the center of the width span with a safety factor of 4.
(g) Mobile ladder stands with a top step height of 48 inches or greater from the floor or level below shall have guardrail protection that meets the requirements of Sections 3209 and 3210.
(h) Mobile ladder stands with a top step height greater than 30 inches but less than 48 inches shall have a guardrail at least 30 inches (+ 1 inch) in height.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3636. Application.
(a) This Article applies to elevating work platforms and vehicle mounted or self-propelled aerial devices which are used to position personnel, along with their tools and necessary materials, to work locations.
(b) This Article does not apply to:
(1) Mobile ladder stands and scaffolds (towers) (covered in Article 23).
(2) Powered platforms for exterior building maintenance (covered in Article 6).
(3) Vertically adjustable platforms used primarily to raise and lower materials or materials-handling equipment, or both, with their operating personnel necessary to transfer such materials between varying elevations (covered in Article 14, Construction Safety Orders).
(4) Industrial Trucks, Tractors, Haulage Vehicles, and Earth Moving Equipment (covered in Article 25).
(5) Fire fighting equipment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3637. Definitions.
Aerial Device. Any vehicle-mounted or self-propelled device, telescoping extensible or articulating, or both, which is primarily designed to position personnel.
Aerial Ladder. An aerial device consisting of a single-or-multiple-section extension ladder.
Articulating Boom. An aerial device with two or more hinged boom sections.
Boom. An elevating member; the lower end of which is so attached to a rotating or non-rotating base that permits elevation of the free or outer end in vertical plane.
Elevating Work Platform. A device designed to elevate a platform in a substantially vertical axis. (Vertical Tower, Scissor Lift, Mast-Climbing Work Platform)
Extensible Boom Platform. An aerial device (except ladders) with an extensible boom. Telescopic booms with personnel platform attachments shall be considered to be extensible boom platforms.
Insulated Aerial Device. An aerial device designed for work on energized lines and apparatus.
Mast-Climbing Work Platform. A powered elevating work platform or platforms, supported on one or more vertical masts, for the purpose of positioning personnel, along with necessary tools and materials, to perform their work.
Orchard Man-Lift (Pruning Tower). An aerial device designed to elevate and position personnel for the purpose of harvesting and/or pruning fruit and nut trees.
Override. The taking over of primary control functions from a secondary location.
Pin-On Platform. A platform other than basket or tub, without a guardrail which is attached to a boom by hinge or pivot connection allowing movement in the vertical plane, including such hinge down platforms used at the upper end of aerial ladders.
Platform. Any personnel-carrying device (bucket, basket, cage, stand, tub, or equivalent) which is a component of an aerial device.
Rated Work Load. The safe design live load carrying capacity of the work platform.
Stability. A condition of a work platform in which the sum of the moments, which tends to overturn the unit is less than the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning.
Work Platform, Adjustable. Any device that has a platform which is vertically, horizontally or rotationally adjustable and supported by a structure.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3638. General Requirements.
(a) Each unit shall have a manual containing instructions for maintenance and operations. If a unit is able to be operated in different configurations, then these shall be clearly described, including the rated capacity in each configuration.
(1) The required manual(s) shall be maintained in a weather resistant storage location on the elevating work platform or aerial device.
(b)(1) Each aerial device or elevating work platform placed in service prior to December 23, 1999 shall have a conspicuously displayed legible plate or other legible marking verifying the aerial device or elevating work platform is designed and manufactured in accordance with the following applicable specifications:
ANSI A92.2-1969 or 1979 for Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices
ANSI A92.3-1980 for Manually Propelled Elevating Work Platforms,
ANSI A92.5-1980 for Boom Supported Elevating Work Platforms,
ANSI A92.6-1979 for Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms,
ANSI A92.7-1981 for Airline Ground Support Vehicle-Mounted Vertical Lift Devices,
ANSI/SIA A92.9-1993 for Mast-Climbing Work Platforms.
(2) Each aerial device or elevating work platform placed in service on or after December 23, 1999 shall have a conspicuously displayed legible plate or other legible marking verifying the aerial device or elevating work platform is designed and manufactured in accordance with the following applicable specifications:
ANSI/SIA A92.2-1990 for Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices,
ANSI/SIA A92.3-1990 for Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms,
ANSI/SIA A92.5-1992 for Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms,
ANSI/SIA A92.6-1990 for Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms,
ANSI/SIA A92.7-1990 for Airline Ground Support Vehicle-Mounted Vertical Lift Devices,
ANSI/SIA A92.9-1993 for Mast-Climbing Work Platforms.
(c) The above plates shall contain the following data, when applicable:
(1) Make, model and manufacturer's serial number.
(2) Rated capacity at the maximum platform height.
(3) Maximum platform travel height.
(4) Maximum recommended operating pressure of hydraulic or pneumatic system(s) or both.
(5) Basic cautions or restrictions of operation or both.
(6) Basic operating instructions, and/or instructions referring users to the manufacturer's operating manual.
(7) Rated line voltage (if applicable).
(8) Alternative configurations shall require in addition to the above:
(A) Chart, schematic, or scale showing capacities of all combinations in their operating positions.
(B) Caution or restrictions or both, of operation of all alternate or combinations of alternate configurations.
Exception to(c)(8): For mast-climbing work platform alternative configurations, the plate may refer the operator to the operating/instruction manual.
(d) Employees shall be instructed in the proper use of the platform in accordance with this Article, the manufacturer's operating instructions and Section 3203, Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
(e) All aerial devices and elevating work platforms shall be assembled and erected by a qualified person in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and this Article and shall be maintained in safe operating condition.
(1) If the manufacturer is no longer in business and instructions are no longer available, assembly and erection shall be performed by a qualified person under the direction of a registered professional engineer experienced in the design of elevating work platforms or aerial devices.
(f) Work performed when using elevating work platforms or aerial devices in proximity to energized high voltage lines shall be in accordance with Article 37 of the High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders. Note: See Title 8, Low Voltage Electrical Safety Orders for work below 600 volts.
(g) All electrical tests shall conform to the requirements of the applicable ANSI Standard or equivalent d.c. voltage test approved by the equipment manufacturer or equivalent entity.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3639. Factors of Safety in Design of Work Platform Assembly.
(a) Where the platform is supporting its rated work load by a system of wire ropes or lift chains, or both, the safety factor of the wire rope or chain system shall not be less than 8 to 1 based on ultimate strength.
(b) All critical components of a hydraulic or pneumatic system used in a work platform shall have a bursting strength that exceeds the pressure attained when the system is subjected to the equivalent of four times the rated work load. Critical components are those in which a failure would result in a free fall or free rotation of the boom. All noncritical hydraulic components shall have a bursting safety factor of at least 2 to 1.
(c) Automatic safety devices or systems shall be provided to prevent free fall of the work platform should a failure of the power supply or elevating system occur.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3640. Inspection, Maintenance and Repairs.
(a) Inspection, Maintenance and Repairs:
(1) Inspection, maintenance and repairs shall be performed by a qualified person in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
(2) If the manufacturer is no longer in business and manufacturer's specifications are no longer available, required inspection, maintenance and repairs shall be performed by a qualified person under the direction of a registered professional engineer experienced in the design of elevating work platforms or aerial devices.
(3) The materials used in the repair of aerial devices and elevating work platforms shall conform to standard specifications of strength, dimensions, and weights, and shall be selected to safely support the rated work load.
(b) Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the provisions of the California Electrical Safety Orders (CCR Title 8).
(c) All exposed surfaces shall be free from sharp edges, burrs, or other hazardous projections.
(d) Records. Records of inspections and repairs shall be maintained for at least three years and be made available to the Division upon request.
(1) Records of inspections shall document the date of inspection, and any deficiencies found, the corrective action recommended and identification of the persons or entities performing the inspection.
(2) Records of repairs shall include the date of any such repair, a description of the work accomplished and identification of the persons or entities performing the work.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3641. Orchard Man-Lifts (Pruning Tower).
(a) Orchard Man-Lifts manufactured after September 1, 1991 shall have a permanently affixed, legible plate or be conspicuously marked, as follows:
(1) The device meets either ANSI A92.5-1980, Sections 3 and 4 or ANSI/SIA A92.5-1992, Section 4 requirements for construction and stability.
(A) Orchard Man-Lifts manufactured after May 7, 1999 meets ANSI/SIA A92.5-1992, Section 4 requirements for construction and stability.
(2) Make, model, serial number and manufacturer's name and address;
(3) Rated platform workload;
(4) Maximum platform height and travel height;
(5) Alternative configuration statement, if applicable;
(6) Work-in-proximity-to-high-voltage overhead-lines warning, and,
(7) Maximum slope on which the device may be operated when the platform is elevated.
(b) In addition to having permanently affixed, legible plates or markings stating that the orchard man-lift meets the applicable ANSI or ANSI/SIA A92.5, Sections 3 and/or 4 requirements, orchard man-lifts manufactured after September 1, 1991 shall incorporate the following:
(1) A rigid platform guardrail at least 36 inches in height, surrounding the entire platform. Midrails are not required;
(2) A work platform fully enclosed below the guardrail to within three inches of the platform floor or enclosed with vertical members spaced not more than nine inches apart. Access to the platform shall be provided by one of the following:
(A) Access opening not to exceed 20 inches in width; or
(B) Access gate or door provided it is designed to prevent unintentional opening and provide a closed guardrail around the platform.
(3) Access to or from the platform shall not be over the guardrail.
(4) A safety belt with attached lifeline shall be worn when guardrail height is less than 42 inches above the platform floor. A lifeline anchorage point shall be provided on the platform.
(5) A secondary set of platform controls shall be provided at ground level capable of raising and lowering the platform and deenergizing the system.
(6) All operating controls shall move in the direction of the function which they control and shall be of the type which automatically return to "off" or the "neutral" position when released.
(7) The platform elevating system shall be designed to limit descent of the raised platform to 135 feet per minute in the event of an elevating system failure.
(c) Orchard man-lifts manufactured prior to September 1, 1991 shall meet at least the following requirements:
(1) A permanent legible plate or conspicuous marking containing the information required in subsection (a), (1-7) of this Section shall be affixed to the orchard man-lift;
(2) All load supporting structural elements of the work platform shall have a factor of safety not less than 2 to 1;
(3) The device and work platform shall be capable of maintaining stability while sustaining a static load equal to 1-1/3 times its rated work load concentrated anywhere 12 inches inside the perimeter of the platform throughout its entire range of motion while on a 5 degree slope from the horizontal; and,
(4) The platform elevating system shall be equipped with a means of limiting descent of the platform to 135 feet per minute in the event of an elevating system failure.
Note: The orchard man-lift may be considered in compliance with these requirements provided compliance can be substantiated by manufacturer's specification, or documentation certified by a California registered engineer or by a nationally recognized testing laboratory as defined in Section 3207 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(d) Orchard man-lifts shall be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations.
(e) Use and marking of orchard man-lifts shall be in accordance with Article 37 of the High Voltage Electrical Safety Orders.
(f) Operating instructions in Section 3648 of the General Industry Safety Orders shall apply to orchard man-lifts in addition to the following:
(1) Orchard man-lifts operators shall be trained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended operating procedures.
(2) A written emergency procedure to move and lower the platform should the platform operator become unable to operate the controls shall be developed. Operators shall be trained in these emergency procedures.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3642. Elevating Work Platform Equipment.
(a) The platform deck shall be equipped with:
A guardrail or other structure around its upper periphery that shall be 42 inches high, plus or minus 3 inches, with a midrail. (Chains or the equivalent may be substituted where they give equivalent protection.) Where the guardrail is less than 39 inches high, an approved personal fall protection system as defined in Section 3207 of these Orders shall be used in accordance with the requirements of Section 3648(o) of this Article.
(1) For mast-climbing work platforms used by glaziers, bricklayers and stonemasons, the inboard guardrail may be removed provided: (a) the inboard edge of the work platform or platform extension is no more than 7 inches from the finish face of the building or structure on which the work is being performed or (b) approved personal fall protection systems are used in accordance with Section 1670.
(2) For all other mast-climbing work platforms not included in (a)(1), the inboard guardrail may be removed provided: (a) the inboard edge of the work platform or platform extension is no more than 12 inches from the building or structure wall or (b) approved personal fall protection systems are used in accordance with Section 1670. Note:Equipment buckets, tubs, or pin-on platforms refer to Section 3647.
(b) The configuration of an elevating work platform may include a ladder for personnel to use in reaching the platform deck. Any ladder device used in this way shall have rungs located on uniform centers not to exceed 12 inches.
(c) Any elevating work platform equipped with a powered elevating assembly and having a platform height exceeding 60 inches shall be supplied with safe emergency lowering means compatible with the specific elevating assembly employed.
(d) Any powered elevating work platform shall have both upper and lower control devices. Controls shall be plainly marked as to their function and guarded to prevent accidental operation. The upper control device shall be in or beside the platform, within easy reach of the operator. The lower control device shall have the capability to lower the platform where the operator's safety is in jeopardy.
Exception: Mast-climbing work platform controls shall be located only on the platform.
(e) An emergency stopping device shall be provided at the upper controls of elevating work platforms.
(f) Elevating Work Platforms shall include:
(1) Toe boards at sides and ends which shall not be less than 3 1/2 inches high.
Exception: Toe boards may be omitted at the access openings and on television and movie camera booms.
(2) A hinged trap access door, if applicable.
(3) A platform whose minimum width shall not be less than 16 inches.
(g) Mast-climbing work platforms shall include the following fire safety provisions:
(1) At least one-3A40BC fire extinguisher located not closer than five feet from the control panel.
(2) When fuel-powered equipment is being used, the equipment fuel supply shall be limited to no more than that required for a single shift.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3643. Guarding of Moving Parts.
All rotating shafts, gearing, and other moving parts shall be guarded to conform with Group 6 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3644. Stability on Level Ground.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3645. Stability on Inclined Surfaces.
(a) Unless recommended for such use by the manufacturer, no elevating work platform shall be used on an inclined surface.
(b) Procedures for maintaining stability must be clearly outlined in the special warnings section [see 3638(c)]. The user shall not deviate from the manufacturer's instructions.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3646. Operating Instructions (Elevating Work Platforms).
(a) No employee shall ride, nor tools, materials, or equipment be allowed on a traveling elevated platform unless the following conditions are met:
Exception: TV and Movie Camera Booms.
(1) The travel speed at Maximum Travel Height does not exceed 3 feet (0.9m) per second.
(2) Self-propelled units shall be equipped with electrical or other interlock means which will prevent driving them with the platform height greater than the Maximum Travel Height or at speeds greater than permitted at Maximum Travel Height.
(3) The surface upon which the unit is being operated is level with no hazardous irregularities or accumulation of debris which might cause a moving platform to overturn.
(b) Units shall be assembled, used, and disassembled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
(c) Units shall be inspected for damaged and defective parts before use.
(d) Units shall not be loaded in excess of the design working load and shall be taken out of service when damaged or weakened from any cause. They shall not be used until repairs are completed.
(e) Employees shall not sit, stand or climb on the guardrails of an elevating work platform or use planks, ladders, or other devices to gain greater working height or reach.
(f) Employees shall not work on units when exposed to high winds, storms, or when they are covered with ice or snow (unless provisions have been made to ensure the safety of the employees).
(g) Employees climbing or descending vertical ladders shall have both hands free for climbing. Note:Employees should remove foreign substances, such as mud or grease from their shoes.
(h) Where moving vehicles are present, the work area shall be marked with warnings such as flags, roped off areas or other effective means of traffic control shall be provided.
Exception: Aircraft service areas.
(i) Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose brick, tools, debris, shall not be allowed to accumulate on the work level.
(j) In operations involving production of small debris, chips, etc., and the use of small tools and materials, and where persons are required to work or pass under the equipment, screens shall be required between toeboards and guardrails. The screen shall extend along the entire opening, shall consist of No. 18 gage U.S. Standard Wire 1/2 inch mesh, or equivalent.
(k) Mast-climbing work platforms, shall not be used as construction personnel hoists or material hoists. Exceptions for(k):
1. Theatrical and Television Motion Picture Industry.
2. This does not prohibit the transfer of tools, materials and/or workers using personal fall protection at the location where the work is being performed.
(l) Employees shall be instructed by a qualified person in the safe use of the work platform in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions, and Section 3203, Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
(1) Instruction for employees who erect, disassemble, move, operate, use, repair, maintain, or inspect elevating work platforms shall include, but not be limited to, training in:
(A) The provisions of this section.
(B) The correct procedures for performing their assigned duties.
(C) The nature of hazards associated with the equipment, including electrical hazards, fall hazards and falling object hazards in the work area and correct procedures for dealing with those hazards.
(D) The safe operation and use of elevating work platforms and the proper handling of materials on the work platform.
(E) The maximum load capacity of the work platform based upon installed configuration.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3647. Pin-On Platforms.
(a) Pin-on platforms shall be securely pinned to the boom or boom extension.
(b) Employees on the elevated pin-on platform shall be secured to the boom by a safety belt and lanyard or a body belt and safety strap.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3648. Operating Instructions (Aerial Devices).
(a) Aerial baskets or platforms shall not be supported by adjacent structure(s) when workers are on the platform or in the basket while in an elevated position.
(b) Lift controls shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations or instructions prior to use to determine that such controls are in safe working condition.
(c) Only authorized persons shall operate an aerial device.
(d) Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment while working from an aerial device shall not be permitted.
(e) Employees shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders or other devices to gain greater working height.
(f) Boom and basket and platform load limits specified by the manufacturer shall not be exceeded.
(g) When elevating personnel with the vehicle stationary the braking systems shall be set.
(h) Provided they can be safely installed, wheel chocks shall be installed before using an aerial device on an incline.
(i) When used, outriggers shall be positioned on pads or a solid surface. All outriggers shall be equipped with hydraulic holding valves or mechanical locks at the outriggers.
(j) Climbers shall not be worn while performing work from an aerial device.
(k) When an insulated aerial device is required, the aerial device shall not be altered in any manner that might reduce its insulating value.
( l ) An aerial device truck shall not be moved when the boom is elevated in a working position with employees in the basket or platform except when all of the following are complied with:
(1) The equipment is specifically designed for this type of operation in accordance with the provisions of Section 3638.
(2) All controls and signaling devices are tested and are in good operating condition.
(3) An effective communication system shall be maintained at all times between the basket or platform operator and where applicable, the vehicle operator.
(4) The route to be traveled is surveyed immediately prior to the work trip, checking for overhead obstructions, traffic, holes in the pavement, ground or shoulder, ditches, slopes, etc., for areas other than paved, a survey should be made on foot.
(5) The speed of the vehicle does not exceed three (3) miles per hour.
(6) Only one employee is in the basket.
(7) Both the driver and/or the elevated employee have been specifically trained for this type of work (towering) in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(m) Lower level controls shall not be operated unless permission has been obtained from the employee in the device, except in case of emergency.
(n) Before moving an aerial device for travel, the boom(s) shall be inspected to see that it is properly cradled and outriggers are in stowed position, except as provided in subsection ( l ).
(o) An employee, while in an elevated aerial device, shall be secured to the boom, basket or tub of the aerial device through the use of a safety belt, body belt or body harness equipped with safety strap or lanyard.
Exception: Orchard man-lifts manufactured after September 1, 1991 with guardrails 42 inches or higher above the platform floor.
(1) Safety belts/body belts are prohibited for use in personal fall arrest systems, but may be used as part of a fall restraint or positioning device system.
(2) Safety belts/body belts used as part of a positioning device system shall be rigged such that an employee cannot free fall more than 2 feet.
(3) A body harness may be used in a personal fall restraint, positioning or fall arrest system. When a body harness is used in a fall arrest system, the lanyard shall be rigged with a deceleration device to limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds and prevent the employee from hitting any levels or objects below the basket or platform, and shall limit free fall to a maximum of 6 feet.
Note: The requirements of this section do not include any matter relating to firefighting equipment or any matter relating to the vehicles upon which aerial devices are mounted, except in respect to a vehicle being a stable support for the aerial device.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3649. Definitions.
Agricultural Tractor. A two or four-wheel drive type vehicle, or track vehicle, of more than 20 engine horsepower, designed to furnish the power to pull, carry, propel, or drive implements that are designed for agriculture. All self-propelled implements are excluded.
Approved Truck or Industrial Truck. A truck that is listed or approved for fire safety purposes for the intended use by a nationally recognized testing laboratory using nationally recognized testing standards.
ASAE. American Society of Agricultural Engineers.
Canopy Guard (Overhead Guard). An overhead protection or shield which covers the machine operator in a manner that will minimize the possibility of injury from falling objects.
Crawler (Track-Type) Tractor. A tractor having two continuous, parallel crawler belts, consisting of a series of tread shoes or links, encompassing rollers and drive tumblers, supporting a base frame which houses the propelling mechanism.
High-Lift Truck. An industrial truck equipped with a power-operated lifting device used for the transportation, tiering and positioning of loads. As used in this definition, high-lift trucks include riderless high-lift straddle trucks where the employee operates the truck using a moveable steering arm and control handle while standing or walking behind the truck. (Excluded are front-end loaders defined in Section 3666 and tiering conveyors as defined in Article 32.)
Industrial Tow Tractor. A powered industrial vehicle designed primarily to tow nonpowered trucks, trailers, or other mobile loads on roadways or improved surfaces.
Industrial Tractor. A wheel or track-type vehicle of more than 20 engine horsepower used in operations such as landscaping, construction services, loading, digging, grounds keeping, and highway maintenance.
Industrial Truck. A mobile power-driven truck used for hauling, pushing, lifting, or tiering materials where normal work is normally confined within the boundaries of a place of employment. As used in this definition, industrial trucks include unmanned automated or semi-automated transport vehicles which utilize wheels and run on guide rails or narrow gauge rail tracks and can be operated by either remote control (i.e. a hand held pendant) or radio communication.
Load Backrest Extension. A device (permanently affixed or removable) extending vertically from the fork carriage frame.
Low Profile Tractor. An agricultural tractor possessing all of the following characteristics:
(A) The front wheel spacing is substantially equal to the rear wheel spacing, as measured from the inside of each right wheel to the inside of the corresponding left wheel.
(B) The clearance from the bottom of the tractor chassis to the ground does not exceed 18 inches (45.7 cm).
(C) The highest point of the hood does not exceed 60 inches (152.4 cm).
(D) The tractor is designed so that the seated operator straddles the transmission or is in another position within the same height limitation.
Rider Truck. An industrial truck that is designed to be controlled by a riding operator.
ROPS. Rollover protective structure (including protective frames and protective enclosures).
SAE. Society of Automotive Engineers.
Self-Propelled Implement. A self-propelled machine on which the implement is an integral part, such as, but not limited to, grain and bean combines, beet harvesters, corn and cotton pickers, hay balers and sprayers.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3650. Industrial Trucks. General.
(a) All new low lift and high lift trucks manufactured after June 26, 1998, shall be labeled as meeting the design and construction requirements of Part III, ASME B56.1-1993, Safety Standard for Low Lift and High Lift Trucks. All low lift and high lift trucks manufactured on or before June 26, 1998, shall be labeled as meeting either the design and construction requirements of the ASME standard indicated above or Part II, of the ANSI B56.1-1975 standard.
(b)(1) Except as provided in subsection (a), industrial trucks manufactured after September 1, 1991 through March 1, 1999 shall have affixed a legible tag or label stating compliance with the following applicable standards or those listed in subsection (b)(2):
NFPA 505-1987, formerly ANSI B56.2-1987, for powered industrial trucks,
UL 583-1984, formerly ANSI B56.3-1977, for electric-battery-powered industrial trucks,
UL 558-1984, formerly ANSI B56.4-1977, for internal combustion engine powered industrial trucks,
ANSI/ASME B56.5-1988 for guided industrial vehicles,
ANSI/ASME B56.6-1987 for rough terrain forklift trucks,
ANSI/ASME B56.7-1987 for industrial crane trucks,
ANSI/ASME B56.8-1988 for personnel and burden carriers,
ANSI/ASME B56.9-1987 for operator controlled industrial tow tractors.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (a), industrial trucks manufactured after March 1, 1999 shall have affixed a legible tag or label stating compliance with the following applicable standards:
NPFA 505-1987, formerly ANSI B56.2-1978, for powered industrial trucks,
UL 583-1991, for electric-battery-powered industrial trucks,
UL 558-1991, for internal combustion engine powered industrial trucks,
ASME B56.5-1993, for guided industrial vehicles and automated functions of manned industrial vehicles,
ASME B56.6-1992, for rough terrain forklift trucks,
ANSI/ASME B56.7-1987, for industrial crane trucks,
ASME B56.8-1993, for personnel and burden carriers,
ASME B56.9-1992, for operator controlled industrial tow tractors.
(3) All name plates and model number, type designation and load capacity markings on industrial trucks, shall be maintained in a legible condition by the employer.
(c) If the truck is equipped with front-end attachments other than factory installed attachments, the truck shall be marked to identify the attachments and show the approximate weight of the truck and attachment combination, and capacity of the truck and attachment combination at maximum elevation of the load engaging means with the load laterally centered.
(d) Major modifications and structural changes to high lift trucks, industrial trucks and rider trucks that affect the capacity and safe handling of the vehicles shall not be performed by the employer or user without prior written approval from the manufacturer unless the modification is designed, manufactured, and installed in accordance with recognized good engineering and manufacturing principles. The capacity, operation and maintenance instruction plates shall be changed accordingly.
(e) Industrial trucks originally approved for the use of gasoline for fuel may be converted to liquefied petroleum gas fuel provided the complete conversion results in a truck which embodies the features specified for LP or LPS designated trucks as defined in Chapter 1-3, of NFPA 505-1987, which is herein incorporated by reference. Such conversion equipment shall be approved.
(1) When a conversion kit is installed, the original type designation shall be removed or obliterated and replaced with a durable, corrosion-resistant plate permanently mounted on the truck indicating the type designation of the converted truck.
(f) Powered industrial trucks shall not be operated in atmospheres containing more than 20 percent of the Lower Explosive Limit of flammable gas or vapor unless approved for the area as provided in (g). Note: Concentrations below 20 percent of the Lower Explosive Limit may still require mandatory use of air-supplied respiratory protection. (See Section 5144.)
(g) Only industrial trucks approved for the exposure may be operated in atmospheres containing hazardous quantities of combustible dusts and ignitable fibers. Approval and area designation shall be based on NFPA 505-1982 with appropriate labeling.
(1) Approved trucks shall bear a permanent legible label or some other identifying mark indicating approval by the testing laboratory.
(h) When industrial trucks operate in areas where general lighting is less than 2 footcandles per square foot, directional lighting shall be provided on the truck.
( i) Trailers disconnected from their tractor shall be secured to prevent them from up-ending during loading or unloading operations. This may require utilization of auxiliary jacks designed for that purpose.
(j) Industrial trucks shall not be operated in areas that expose the operator to the hazard of collision with overhead obstructions unless the truck is equipped with overhead guards. (See Section 3655.)
(k) Loads of excessive width, length or height shall be so balanced, braced, and secured as to prevent tipping and falling.
( l ) Batteries installed in trucks shall be secured in suitable racks which are secured to the truck.
(m) Motorized hand and hand/rider trucks shall be designed so that the brakes are applied and the power to the drive motor shut off when the operator releases his grip on the control tongue, or the device used to control travel.
Exception: Vehicles designed for use in order picking operations are exempt from the braking requirements, provided the speed of the vehicle does not exceed 3.5 mph while the operator is walking the vehicle.
(n) Radio remote control vehicles shall be equipped with positive means which restrict the speed of the vehicle to 3.5 mph while the equipment is being operated with radio remote control. (continued)