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Plasticizers means a substance added to a polymer composition to soften and add flexibility to the product.

Prime coat means the first of two or more coatings applied to a surface.

Prime surfacer coat means a coating used to touch up areas on the surface of automobile or light-duty truck bodies not adequately covered by the prime coat before application of the top coat. The prime surfacer coat is applied between the prime coat and topcoat. An anti-chip coating applied to main body parts (e.g., rocker panels, bottom of doors and fenders, and leading edge of roof) is a prime surfacer coat.

Primers means any coatings formulated and applied to substrates to provide a firm bond between the substrate and subsequent coats.

Printing means the application of words, designs, and pictures to a substrate using ink.

Printing line means an operation consisting of a series of one or more roll printers and any associated roll coaters, drying areas, and ovens wherein one or more coatings are applied, dried, and/or cured.

Process means any stationary emission source other than a fuel combustion emission source or an incinerator.

Production equipment exhaust system means a system for collecting and directing into the atmosphere emissions of volatile organic material from reactors, centrifuges, and other process emission sources.

Publication rotogravure printing line means a rotogravure printing line in which coatings are applied to paper which is subsequently formed into books, magazines, catalogues, brochures, directories, newspaper supplements, or other types of printed material.

Reactor means a vat, vessel, or other device in which chemical reactions take place.

Refiner means any person who owns, leases operates, controls, or supervises a refinery.

Refinery unit, process unit or unit means a set of components which are a part of a basic process operation such as distillation, hydrotreating, cracking, or reforming of hydrocarbons.

Refrigerated condenser means a surface condenser in which the coolant supplied to the condenser has been cooled by a mechanical device, other than by a cooling tower or evaporative spray cooling, such as refrigeration unit or steam chiller unit.

Repair coatings means coatings used to correct imperfections or damage to furniture surface.

Repaired means, for the purpose of paragraph (i) of this section, that equipment component has been adjusted, or otherwise altered, to eliminate a leak.

Roll coater means an apparatus in which a uniform layer of coating is applied by means of one or more rolls across the entire width of a moving substrate.

Roll printer means an apparatus used in the application of words, designs, or pictures to a substrate, usually by means of one or more rolls each with only partial coverage.

Roll printing means the application of words, designs, and pictures to a substrate usually by means of a series of hard rubber or metal rolls each with only partial coverage.

Roller coating means a method of applying a coating to a sheet or strip in which the coating is transferred by a roller or series of rollers.

Rotogravure printing means the application of words, designs, and pictures to a substrate by means of a roll printing technique in which the pattern to be applied is recessed relative to the non-image area.

Rotogravure printing line means a printing line in which each roll printer uses a roll with recessed areas for applying an image to a substrate.

Safety relief valve means a valve which is normally closed and which is designed to open in order to relieve excessive pressures within a vessel or pipe.

Sanding sealers means any coatings formulated for and applied to bare wood for sanding and to seal the wood for subsequent application of varnish. To be considered a sanding sealer a coating must be clearly labelled as such.

Sealer means a coating containing binders which seals wood prior to the application of the subsequent coatings.

Semi-transparent stains means stains containing dyes or semi-transparent pigments which are formulated to enhance wood grain and change the color of the surface but not to conceal the surface, including, but not limited to, sap stain, toner, non-grain raising stains, pad stain, or spatter stain.

Set of safety relief valves means one or more safety relief valves designed to open in order to relieve excessive pressures in the same vessel or pipe.

Sheet basecoat means a coating applied to metal when the metal is in sheet form to serve as either the exterior or interior of a can for either two-piece or three-piece cans.

Side-seam spray coat means a coating applied to the seam of a three-piece can.

Single coat means one coating application applied to a metal surface.

Solvent means a liquid substance that is used to dissolve or dilute another substance.

Solvent cleaning means the process of cleaning soils from surfaces by cold cleaning, open top vapor degreasing, or conveyorized degreasing.

Specified air contaminant means any air contaminant as to which this Section contains emission standards or other specific limitations.

Splash loading means a method of loading a tank, railroad tank car, tank truck, or trailer by use of other than a submerged loading pipe.

Standard conditions means a temperature of 70 °F and a pressure of 14.7 psia.

Standard cubic foot (scf) means the volume of one cubic foot of gas at standard conditions.

Standard Industrial Classification Manual means the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (1987), Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742).

Start-up means the setting in operation of an emission source for any purpose.

Stationary emission source and Stationary source mean an emission source which is not self-propelled.

Storage tank or storage vessel means any stationary tank, reservoir or container used for the storage of VOL's.

Submerged loading pipe means any discharge pipe or nozzle which meets either of the following conditions:

(A) Where the tank is filled from the top, the end of the discharge pipe or nozzle must be totally submerged when the liquid level is 15 cm (6 in.) above the bottom of the tank.

(B) Where the tank is filled from the side, the discharge pipe or nozzle must be totally submerged when the liquid level is 46 cm (18 in.) above the bottom of the tank.

Substrate means the surface onto which a coating is applied or into which a coating is impregnated.

Surface condenser means a device which removes a substance from a gas stream by reducing the temperature of the stream, without direct contact between the coolant and the stream.

Tablet coating operation means a pharmaceutical coating operation in which tablets are coated.

Thirty-day rolling average means any value arithmetically averaged over any consecutive thirty-days.

Three-piece can means a can which is made from a rectangular sheet and two circular ends.

Topcoat means a coating applied in a multiple coat operation other than prime coat, final repair coat, or prime surfacer coat.

Topcoat operation means all topcoat spray booths, flash-off areas, and bake ovens at a facility which are used to apply, dry, or cure the final coatings (except final off-line repair) on components of automobile or light-duty truck bodies.

Transfer efficiency means the ratio of the amount of coating solids deposited onto a part or product to the total amount of coating solids used.

True vapor pressure means the equilibrium partial pressure exerted by a volatile organic liquid as determined in accordance with methods described in American Petroleum Institute Bulletin 2517, “Evaporation Loss From Floating Roof Tanks,” second edition, February 1980 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742).

Two-piece can means a can which is drawn from a shallow cup and requires only one end to be attached.

Undercoaters means any coatings formulated for and applied to substrates to provide a smooth surface for subsequent coats.

Unregulated safety relief valve means a safety relief valve which cannot be actuated by a means other than high pressure in the pipe or vessel which it protects.

Vacuum producing system means any reciprocating, rotary, or centrifugal blower or compressor or any jet ejector or device that creates suction from a pressure below atmospheric and discharges against a greater pressure.

Valves not externally regulated means valves that have no external controls, such as in-line check valves.

Vapor balance system means any combination of pipes or hoses which creates a closed system between the vapor spaces of an unloading tank and a receiving tank such that vapors displaced from the receiving tank are transferred to the tank being unloaded.

Vapor collection system means all piping, seals, hoses, connections, pressure-vacuum vents, and other possible sources between the gasoline delivery vessel and the vapor processing unit and/or the storage tanks and vapor holder.

Vapor control system means any system that limits or prevents release to the atmosphere of organic meterial in the vapors displaced from a tank during the transfer of gasoline.

Vapor recovery system means a vapor gathering system capable of collecting all VOM vapors and gases discharged from the storage tank and a vapor disposal system capable of processing such VOM vapors and gases so as to prevent their emission to the atmosphere.

Vehicle means a device by which any person or property may be propelled, moved, or drawn upon a highway, excepting a device moved exclusively by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.

Vinyl coating means any topcoat or printing ink applied to vinyl coated fabric or vinyl sheets. Vinyl coating does not include plastisols.

Vinyl coating facility means a facility that includes one or more vinyl coating line(s).

Vinyl coating line means a coating line in which any protective, decorative or functional coating is applied onto vinyl coated fabric or vinyl sheets.

Volatile organic liquid means any substance which is liquid at storage conditions and which contains volatile organic compounds.

Volatile organic material (VOM) or volatile organic compounds (VOC) is as defined in §51.100(s) of this chapter.

Wash coat means a coating containing binders which seals wood surfaces, prevents undesired staining, and controls penetration.

Web means a substrate which is printed in continuous roll-fed presses.

Wood furniture means room furnishings including cabinets (kitchen, bath, and vanity), tables, chairs, beds, sofas, shutters, art objects, wood paneling, wood flooring, and any other coated furnishings made of wood, wood composition, or fabricated wood materials.

Wood furniture coating facility means a facility that includes one or more wood furniture coating line(s).

Wood furniture coating line means a coating line in which any protective, decorative, or functional coating is applied onto wood furniture.

Woodworking means the shaping, sawing, grinding, smoothing, polishing, and making into products of any form or shape of wood.

(4) Testing methods and procedures—(i) Coatings, inks and fountain solutions. The following test methods and procedures shall be used to determine compliance of as applied coatings, inks, and fountain solutions with the limitations set forth in §52.741.

(A) Sampling. Samples collected for analyses shall be one-liter taken into a one-liter container at a location and time such that the sample will be representative of the coating as applied (i.e., the sample shall include any dilution solvent or other VOM added during the manufacturing process). The container must be tightly sealed immediately after the sample is taken. Any solvent or other VOM added after the sample is taken must be measured and accounted for in the calculations in paragraph(a)(4)(i)(C) of this section. For multiple package coatings, separate samples of each component shall be obtained. A mixed sample shall not be obtained as it will cure in the container. Sampling procedures shall follow the guidelines presented in:

(1) ASTM D3925–81 (Reapproved 1985) Standard Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigment Coating. This practice is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(2) ASTM E300–86 Standard Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals. This practice is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(B) Analyses. The applicable analytical methods specified below shall be used to determine the composition of coatings, inks, or fountain solutions as applied.

(1) Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used to determine the VOM content and density of coatings. If it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator that plant coating formulation data are equivalent to Method 24 results, formulation data may be used. In the event of any inconsistency between a Method 24 test and a facility's formulation data, the Method 24 test will govern.

(2) Method 24A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used to determine the VOM content and density of rotogravure printing inks and related coatings. If it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the plant coating formulation data are equivalent to Method 24A results, formulation data may be used. In the event of any inconsistency between a Method 24A test and a facility's formulation data, the Method 24A test will govern.

(3) The following ASTM methods are the analytical procedures for determining VOM:

(i) ASTM D1475–85: Standard Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products. This test method is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(ii) ASTM D2369–87: Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings. This test method is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(iii) ASTM D3792–86: Standard Test Method for Water Content of Water-reducible Paints by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph. This test method is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(iv) ASTM D4017–81 (Reapproved 1987): Standard Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by the Karl Fischer Method. This test method is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(v) ASTM D4457–85: Standard Test Method for Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in Paints and Coatings by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph. (The procedure delineated above can be used to develop protocols for any compounds specifically exempted from the definition of VOM.) This test method is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(vi) ASTM D2697–86: Standard Test Method for Volume Non-Volatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings. This test method is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(vii) ASTM D3980–87: Standard Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials. This practice is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(viii) ASTM E180–85: Standard Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis of and Testing of Industrial Chemicals. This practice is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(ix) ASTM D2372–85: Standard Method of Separation of Vehicle from Solvent-reducible Paints. This method is incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742.

(4) Use of an adaptation to any of the analytical methods specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(i)(B)(1), (2) and (3) may be approved by the Administrator on a case-by-case basis. An owner or operator must submit sufficient documentation for the Administrator to find that the analytical methods specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(i)(B)(1), (2) and (3) will yield inaccurate results and that the proposed adaptation is appropriate.

(C) Calculations. Calculations for determining the VOM content, water content and the content of any compounds which are specifically exempted from the definition of VOM of coatings, inks and fountain solutions as applied shall follow the guidance provided in the following documents.

(1) “A Guide for Surface Coating Calculation” EPA–340/1–86–016 (which is available from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(2) “Procedures for Certifying Quantity of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Paint, Ink and Other Coatings” (revised June 1986) EPA–450/3–84–019 (which is available from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(3) “A Guide for Graphic Arts Calculations” August 1988 EPA–340/1–88–003 (which is available from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(ii) Automobile or light-duty truck test protocol. The protocol for testing, including determining the transfer efficiency, of coating applicators at topcoat coating operations at an automobile assembly facility shall follow the procedure in: “Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations” December 1988 EPA–450/3–88–018 (which is available for purchase from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(iii) Capture system efficiency test protocols—(A) Applicability. The requirements of paragraphs (a)(4)(iii)(B) of this section shall apply to all VOM emitting processes employing capture equipment (e.g., hoods, ducts), except those cases noted below.

(1) If a source installs a permanent total enclosure (PTE) that meets USEPA specifications, and which directs all VOM to a control device, then the source is exempted from the requirements described in paragraph (B). The USEPA specifications to determine whether a strucutre is considered a PTE are given in Procedure T of appendix B of this section. In this instance, the capture efficiency is assumed to be 100 percent and the source is still required to measure control efficiency using appropriate test methods as specified in (a)(4)(iv) of this section.

(2) If a source uses a control device designed to collect and recover VOM (e.g., carbon adsorber), an explicit measurement of capture efficiency is not necessary provided that the conditions given below are met. The overall control of the system can be determined by directly comparing the input liquid VOM to the recovered liquid VOM. The general procedure for use in this situation is given in 40 CFR 60.433, with the following additional restrictions:

(i) The source must be able to equate solvent usage with solvent recovery on a 24-hour (daily) basis, rather than a 30-day weighted average, within 72 hours following the 24-hour period. In addition, one of the following two criteria must be met:

(ii) The solvent recovery system (i.e., capture and control system) must be dedicated to a single process line (e.g., one process line venting to a carbon adsorber system), or

(iii) If the solvent recovery system controls multiple process lines, then the source must be able to demonstrate that the overall control (i.e., the total recovered solvent VOM divided by the sum of liquid VOM input to all process lines venting to the control system) meets or exceeds the most stringent standard applicable for any process line venting to the control system.

(B) Specific requirements. The capture efficiency of a process line shall be measured using one of the four protocols given below. Any error margin associated with a test protocol may not be incorporated into the results of a capture efficiency test. If these techniques are not suitable for a particular process, then the source must present an alternative capture efficiency protocol and obtain approval for it by the Administrator as a SIP or FIP revisions.

(1) Gas/gas method using temporary total enclosure (TTE). The USEPA specifications to determine whether a temporary enclosure is considered a TTE are given in Procedure T of appendix B of this section. The capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:

CE = Gw / (GW + Fw)


Where:

CE=capture efficiency, decimal fraction.

Gw=mass of VOM captured and delivered to control device using a TTE.

Fw=mass of fugitive VOM that escapes from a TTE.


Procedure G.2 contained in appendix B of this section is used to obtain Gw. Procedure F.1 in appendix B of this section is used to obtain Fw.

(2) Liquid/gas method using TTE. The USEPA specifications to determine whether a temporary enclosure is considered a TTE are given in Procedure T of appendix B of this section. The capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:

CE = (L - F) / L


Where:

CE=capture efficiency, decimal fraction.

L=mass of liquid VOM input to process.

Fw=mass of fugitive VOM that escapes from a TTE.


Procedure L contained in appendix B of this section is used to obtain L. Procedure F.1 in appendix B of this section is used to obtain Fw.

(3) Gas/gas method using the building or room (building or room enclosure) in which the affected source is located as the enclosure and in which “F” and “G” are measured while operating only the affected facility. All fans and blowers in the building or room must be operated as they would under normal production. The capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:

CE = G / (G + FB)


Where:

CE=capture efficiency, decimal fraction.

G=mass of VOM captured and delivered to control device.

FB=mass of fugitive VOM that escapes from building enclosure.


Procedure G.2 contained in appendix B of this section is used to obtain G. Procedure F.2 in appendix B of this section is used to obtain FB.

(4) Liquid/gas method using the building or room (building or room enclosure) in which the affected source is located as the enclosure and in which “F” and “L” are measured while operating only the affected facility. All fans and blowers in the building or room must be operated as they would under normal production. The capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:

CE = (L - FB) / L


Where:

CE=capture efficiency, decimal fraction.

L=mass of liquid VOM input to process.

FB=mass of fugitive VOM that escapes from building enclosure.


Procedure L contained in appendix B of this section is used to obtain L. Procedure F.2 in appendix B of this section is used to obtain FB.

(C) Recordkeeping and reporting. (1) All affected facilities must maintain a copy of the capture efficiency protocol submitted to USEPA on file. All results of the appropriate test methods and capture efficiency protocols must be reported to USEPA within sixty (60) days of the test date. A copy of the results must be kept on file with the source for a period of three (3) years.

(2) If any changes are made to capture or control equipment, then the source is required to notify USEPA of these changes and a new test may be required by USEPA.

(3) The source must notify the Administrator 30 days prior to performing any capture efficiency or control test. At that time, the source must notify the Administrator which capture efficiency protocol and control device test methods will be used.

(4) Sources utilizing a PTE must demonstrate that this enclosure meets the requirement given in Procedure T (in appendix B of this section) for a PTE during any testing of their control device.

(5) Sources utilizing a TTE must demonstrate that their TTE meets the requirements given in Procedure T (in appendix B of this section) for a TTE during testing of their control device. The source must also provide documentation that the quality assurance criteria for a TTE have been achieved.

(iv) Control device efficiency testing and monitoring. (A) The control device efficiency shall be determined by simultaneously measuring the inlet and outlet gas phase VOM concentrations and gas volumetric flow rates in accordance with the gas phase test methods specified in paragraph (a)(4)(vi) of this section.

(B) Any owner or operator that uses an afterburner or carbon adsorber to comply with any paragraph of §52.741 shall use USEPA approved continuous monitoring equipment which is installed, calibrated, maintained, and operated according to vendor specifications at all times the afterburner or carbon adsorber is in use. The continuous monitoring equipment must monitor the following parameters:

(1) Combustion chamber temperature of each afterburner.

(2) Temperature rise across each catalytic afterburner bed or VOM concentration of exhaust.

(3) The VOM concentration of each carbon adsorption bed exhaust.

(v) Overall efficiency. (A) The overall efficiency of the emission control system shall be determined as the product of the capture system efficiency and the control device efficiency or by the liquid/liquid test protocol as specified in 40 CFR 60.433 (and revised by paragraph (a)(4)(iii)(A)(2) of this section for each solvent recovery system. In those cases in which the overall efficiency is being determined for an entire line, the capture efficiency used to calculate the product of the capture and control efficiency is the total capture efficiency over the entire line.

(B) For coating lines which are both chosen by the owner or operator to comply with paragraphs (e)(2)(ii), (e)(2)(iii), (e)(2)(iv), (e)(2)(v), or (e)(2)(vi) of this section by the alternative in paragraph (e)(2)(i)(B) of this section and meet the criteria allowing them to comply with paragraph (e)(2) of this section instead of paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the overall efficiency of the capture system and control device, as determined by the test methods and procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(4) (iii), (iv) and (v)(A) of this section, shall be no less than the equivalent overall efficiency which shall be calculated by the following equation:

E = ([VOMa - VOM1]/VOMa) × 100


Where:

E = Equivalent overall efficiency of the capture system and control device as a percentage,

VOMa = Actual VOM content of a coating, or the daily-weighted average VOM content of two or more coatings (if more than one coating is used), as applied to the subject coating line as determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section in units of kg VOM/l (lb VOM/gal) of coating solids as applied,

VOM1 = The VOM emission limit specified in paragraph (e)(2) (i) or (ii) of this section in units of kg VOM/l (lb VOM/gal) of coating solids as applied.


(vi) Volatile organic material gas phase source test methods. The methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, delineated below shall be used to determine control device efficiencies.

(A) 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, Method 18, 25 or 25A, as appropriate to the conditions at the site, shall be used to determine VOM concentration. Method selection shall be based on consideration of the diversity of organic species present and their total concentration and on consideration of the potential presence of interfering gases. Except as indicated in paragraphs (a)(4)(vi)(A)(1) and (2) of this section, the test shall consist of three separate runs, each lasting a minimum of 60 min, unless the Administrator determines that process variables dictate shorter sampling times.

(1) When the method is to be used to determine the efficiency of a carbon adsoption system with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber vessels, the test shall consist of three separate runs, each coinciding with one or more complete sequences through the adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels.

(2) When the method is to be used to determine the efficiency of a carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, each adsorber vessel shall be tested individually. The test for each adsorber vessel shall consist of three separate runs. Each run shall coincide with one or more complete adsorption cycles.

(B) 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, Method 1 or 1A shall be used for sample and velocity traverses.

(C) 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, Method 2, 2A, 2C or 2D shall be used for velocity and volumetric flow rates.

(D) 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, Method 3 shall be used for gas analysis.

(E) 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, Method 4 shall be used for stack gas moisture.

(F) 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, Methods 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3 and 4 shall be performed, as applicable, at least twice during each test run.

(G) Use of an adaptation to any of the test methods specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(vi) (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) of this section may be approved by the Administrator on a case-by-case basis. An owner or operator must submit sufficient documentation for the Administrator to find that the test methods specified in paragraphs (a)(4)(vi) (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) of this section will yield inaccurate results and that the proposed adaptation is appropriate.

(vii) Leak detection methods for volatile organic material. Owners or operators required by the various subparts of this regulation to carry out a leak detection monitoring program shall comply with the following requirements:

(A) Leak detection monitoring. (1) Monitoring shall comply with 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Method 21.

(2) The detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of Method 21.

(3) The instrument shall be calibrated before use on each day of its use by the methods specified in Method 21.

(4) Calibration gases shall be:

(i) Zero air (less than 10 ppm of hydrocarbon in air); and

(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a concentration of approximately, but no less than, 10,000 ppm methane or n-hexane.

(5) The instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak interfaces as close to the interface as possible as described in Method 21.

(B) When equipment is tested for compliance with no detectable emissions as required, the test shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) The requirements of paragraphs (a)(4) (vii)(A)(1) through (vii)(A)(5) of this section shall apply.

(2) The background level shall be determined as set forth in Method 21.

(C) Leak detection tests shall be performed consistent with:

(1) “APTI Course SI 417 controlling Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Leaking Process Equipment” EPA–450/2–82–015 (which is available for purchase from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(2) “Portable Instrument User's Manual for Monitoring VOC Sources” EPA–340/1–86–015 (which is available for purchase from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(3) “Protocols for Generating Unit-Specific Emission Estimates for Equipment Leaks of VOC and VHAP” EPA–450/3–88–010 (which is available for purchase from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(4) “Petroleum Refinery Enforcement Manual” EPA–340/1–80–008 (which is available for purchase from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(viii) Bulk gasoline delivery system test protocol. (A) The method for determining the emissions of gasoline from a vapor recovery system are delineated in 40 CFR part 60, subpart XX, §60.503.

(B) Other tests shall be performed consistent with:

(1) “Inspection Manual for Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Gasoline Marketing Operations: Appendix D” EPA–340/1–80–012 (which is available for purchase from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(2) “Control of Hydrocarbons from Tank Truck Gasoline Loading Terminals: Appendix A” EPA–450/2–77–026 (which is available for purchase from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161)

(5) Compliance dates. Compliance with the requirements of all rules is required by July 1, 1991, unless otherwise indicated by compliance dates contained in specific rules. This paragraph shall not operate to provide additional time for compliance under section 113(d) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 7413(d), for sources subject to compliance upon promulgation.

(6) Afterburners. The operation of any natural gas fired afterburner and capture system used to comply with §52.741 is not required during the period of November 1 of any year to April 1 of the following year provided that the operation of such devices is not required for purposes of occupational safety or health, or for the control of toxic substances, odor nuisances, or other regulated pollutants.

(7) Exemptions, variances, and alternative means of control or compliance determinations. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other paragraphs of this section, any exemptions, variances or alternatives to the control requirements, emission limitations, or test methods in the Illinois SIP or FIP can only be allowed if approved by the Administrator as a SIP or FIP revision.

(8) Vapor pressure of volatile organic liquids. (i) If the VOL consists of only a single compound, the vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method D2879–86 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) or the vapor pressure may be obtained from a published source such as: Boublik, T., V. Fried and E. Hala, “The Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances,” Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., New York (1973); Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1984); CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Company (1986–87); and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, John A. Dean, editor, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1985).

(ii) If the VOL is a mixture, the vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method D2879–86 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) or by the following equation:



Where:

Pvol=Total vapor pressure of the mixture,

n=Number of components in the mixture,

i=Subscript denoting an individual component,

Pi=Vapor pressure of a component determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section

Xi=Mole fraction of the component in the total mixture.


(9) Vapor pressure of organic material or solvent. (i) If the organic material or solvent consists of only a single compound, the vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method D2879–86 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) or the vapor pressure may be obtained from a published source such as: Boublik, T., V. Fried and E. Hala, “The Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances,” Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., New York (1973); Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1984); CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Company (1986–87); and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, John A. Dean, editor, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1985).

(ii) If the organic material or solvent is in a mixture made up of both organic material compounds and compounds which are not organic material, the vapor pressure shall be determined by the following equation:



Where:

Pom=Total vapor pressure of the portion of the mixture which is composed of organic material,

n=Number of organic material components in the mixture,

i=Subscript denoting an individual component,

Pi=Vapor pressure of an organic material component determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section,

Xi=Mole fraction of the organic material component of the total mixture.


(iii) If the organic material or solvent is in a mixture made up of only organic material compounds, the vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method D2879–86 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) or by the above equation.

(10) Vapor pressure of volatile organic material. (i) If the VOM consists of only a single compound, the vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method D2879–86 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) or the vapor pressure may be obtained from a published source such as: Boublik, T., V. Fried and E. Hala, “The Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances,” Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., New York (1973); Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1984); CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Company (1986–87); and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, John A. Dean, editor, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1985).

(ii) If the VOM is in a mixture made up of both VOM compounds and compounds which are not VOM, the vapor pressure shall be determined by the following equation:



Where:

Pvom=Total vapor pressure of the portion of the mixture which is composed of VOM,

n=Number of VOM components in the mixture,

i=Subscript denoting an individual component,

Pi=Vapor pressure of a VOM component determined in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section,

Xi=Mole fraction of the VOM component of the total mixture.


(iii) If the VOM is in a mixture made up of only VOM compounds, the vapor pressure shall be determined by ASTM Method D2879–86 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) or by the above equation.

(b)–(c) [Reserved]

(d) Solvent cleaning—(1) Solvent cleaning in general. The requirements of subpart E (sections 215.182–215.184) of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 215 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) shall apply to all cold cleaning, open top vapor degreasing, and conveyorized degreasing operations.

Note: For Federal purposes, paragraph (d)(1) supersedes subpart E (section 215.181) of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 215.)

(2) Compliance schedule. Every owner or operator of an emission source which was previously exempt from the requirements of subpart E (sections 215.182–215.184) of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 215 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) because it satisfied the criteria in either (d)(a)(i) or (d)(2)(ii) of this section, shall comply with the requirements of subpart E (sections 215.182–215.184) of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 215 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) on and after July 1, 1991. A source which did not satisfy the criteria in either (d)(a)(i) or (d)(2)(ii) of this section, shall comply with the requirements of subpart E (sections 215.182–215.184) of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 215 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742) upon promulgation.

(i) If emissions of VOM exceed neither 6.8 kg (15 lbs) in any one day, nor 1.4 kg (3 lbs) in any one hour, or

(ii) If the source is used exclusively for chemical or physical analysis or for determination of product quality and commercial acceptance, provided that the operation of the source is not an integral part of the production process, the emissions of VOM from the source do not exceed 363 kg (800 lbs) in any calendar month, and the exemption had been approved in writing by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.

(3) Test methods. The following test methods shall be used to demonstrate compliance with subpart E (sections 215.182–215.184) of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 215 (incorporated by reference as specified in 40 CFR 52.742):

(i) Vapor pressures shall be determined by using the procedure specified in paragraph (a)(9) of this section.

(ii) Exhaust ventilation rates shall be determined by using the procedures specified in paragraph (a)(4)(vi)(C) of this section.

(iii) The performance of control devices shall be determined by using the procedures specified in paragraph (a)(4)(vi) of this section.

(e) Coating operations—(1) Emission limitations for manufacturing plants. (i) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, no owner or operator of a coating line shall apply at any time any coating in which the VOM content exceeds the following emission limitations for the specified coating. The following emission limitations are expressed in units of VOM per volume of coating (minus water and any compounds which are specifically exempted from the definition of VOM) as applied at each coating applicator, except where noted. Compounds which are specifically exempted from the definition of VOM should be treated as water for the purpose of calculating the “less water” part of the coating composition. Compliance with this paragraph must be demonstrated through the applicable coating analysis test methods and procedures specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section and the recordkeeping and reporting requirements specified in paragraph (e)(6)(ii) of this section. As an alternative to compliance with this paragraph, the owner or operator of a coating line may meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(1)(ii) or paragraph (e)(2) of this section. The equation presented in paragraph (e)(1)(iii) of this section shall be used to calculate emission limitations for determining compliance by add-on controls, credits for transfer efficiency, emissions trades and cross-line averaging.



------------------------------------------------------------------------
kg/l lb/gal
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) Automobile or Light-Duty Truck Coating
(1) Prime coat...................................... 0.14 (1.2)
(2) Prime surfacer coat............................. 0.34 (2.8)
Note: The prime surfacer coat limitation is based upon a transfer
efficiency of 30 percent. Transfer efficiency credits can only be
allowed if approved by the Administrator as a SIP or FIP revision.
(3) Topcoat......................................... 1.81 (15.1)
Note: The topcoat limitation is in units of kg (lbs) of VOM per l (gal)
of coating solids deposited. Compliance with the limitation shall be
based on the daily-weighted average VOM content from the entire topcoat
operation (all topcoat spray booths, flash-off areas and bake ovens).
Compliance shall be demonstrated in accordance with the topcoat protocol
for automobiles and light-duty trucks referenced in paragraph (a)(4)(ii)
of this section. Paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section does not apply to
the topcoat limitation.) At least 180 days prior to the initial
compliance date, the owner or operator of a coating line subject to the
topcoat limitation shall submit to the Administrator a detailed proposal
specifying the method of demonstrating compliance with the protocol. The
proposal shall include, at a minimum, a comprehensive plan (including a
rationale) for determining the transfer efficiency at each booth through
the use of in-plant, or pilot testing; the selection of coatings to be
tested (for the purpose of determining transfer efficiency) including
the rationale for coating groupings; and the method for determining the
analytic VOM content of as applied coatings and the formulation solvent
content of as applied coatings. Upon approval of the protocol by the
Administrator, the source may proceed with the compliance demonstration.
(4) Final repair coat............................... 0.58 (4.8)
(B) Can Coating
(1) Sheet basecoat and overvarnish.................. 0.34 (2.8)
(2) Exterior basecoat and overvarnish............... 0.34 (2.8)
(3) Interior body spray coat........................ 0.51 (4.2)
(4) Exterior end coat............................... 0.51 (4.2)
(5) Side seam spray coat............................ 0.66 (5.5)
(6) End sealing compound coat....................... 0.44 (3.7)
(C) Paper Coating..................................... 0.35 (2.9)
Note: The paper coating limitation shall not apply to any owner or
operator of any paper coating line on which printing is performed if the
paper coating line complies with the emissions limitations in paragraph
(h)(1) of this section: Printing and Publishing.
(D) Coil Coating...................................... 0.31 (2.6)
(E) Fabric Coating.................................... 0.35 (2.9)
(F) Vinyl Coating..................................... 0.45 (3.8)
(G) Metal Furniture Coating........................... 0.36 (3.0)
(H) Large Appliance Coating........................... 0.34 (2.8)
Note: The limitation shall not apply to the use of quick-drying lacquers
for repair of scratches and nicks that occur during assembly, provided
that the volume of coating does not exceed 0.95 l (1 quart) in any one
rolling eight-hour period.
(I) Magnet Wire Coating............................... 0.20 (1.7)
(J) Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products Coating
(1) Clear coating................................... 0.52 (4.3)
(2) Air-dried coating............................... 0.42 (3.5)
(3) Extreme performance coating..................... 0.42 (3.5)
(4) Steel pail and drum interior coating............ 0.52 (4.3)
(5) All other coatings.............................. 0.36 (3.0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------





------------------------------------------------------------------------
kg/l lb/gal
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(K) Heavy Off-Highway Vehicle Products Coating
(1) Extreme performance prime coat.................. 0.42 (3.5)
(2) Extreme performance top-coat (air dried)........ 0.42 (3.5)
(3) Final repair coat (air dried)................... 0.42 (3.5)
(4) All other coatings are subject to the emission limitations for
miscellaneous metal parts and products coatings in paragraph
(e)(1)(i)(J) of this section.........................................
(L) Wood Furniture Coating
(1) Clear topcoat................................... 0.67 (5.6)
(2) Opaque stain.................................... 0.56 (4.7)
(3) Pigmented coat.................................. 0.60 (5.0)
(4) Repair coat..................................... 0.67 (5.6)
(5) Sealer.......................................... 0.67 (5.6)
(6) Semi-transparent stain.......................... 0.79 (6.6)
(7) Wash coat....................................... 0.73 (6.1)
Note: An owner or operator of a wood furniture coating operation subject
to this paragraph shall apply all coatings, with the exception of no
more than 37.8 l (10 gal) of coating per day used for touch-up and
repair operations, using one or more of the following application
systems: airless spray application system, air-assisted airless spray
application system, electrostatic spray application system,
electrostatic bell or disc spray application system, heated airless
spray application system, roller coating, brush or wipe coating
application system, or dip coating application system.
(M) Existing Diesel-Electric Locomotive Coating Lines
in Cook County
(1) Extreme performance prime coat.................. 0.42 (3.5)
(2) Extreme performance top-coat (air dried)........ 0.42 (3.5)
(3) Final repair coat (air dried)................... 0.42 (3.5)
(4) High-temperature aluminum coating............... 0.72 (6.0)
(5) All other coatings.............................. 0.36 (3.0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------


(ii) Daily-weighted average limitations. No owner or operator of a coating line subject to the limitations of paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section and complying by means of paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section shall operate the subject coating line unless the owner or operator has demonstrated compliance with paragraph (e)(1) (ii)(A), (ii)(B), (ii)(C), (ii)(D), (ii)(E) or (ii)(F) of this section (depending upon the source category) through the applicable coating analysis test methods and procedures specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section and the recordkeeping and reporting requirements specified in paragraph (e)(6)(iii) of this section.

(A) No owner or operator of a coating line subject to only one of the limitations from among paragraph (e)(1) (i)(A)(1), (i)(A)(2), (i)(A)(4), (i)(C), (i)(D), (i)(E), (i)(F), (i)(G), (i)(H), or (i)(I) of this section shall apply coating on any such coating line, during any day, whose daily-weighted average VOM content exceeds the emission limitation to which the coatings are subject.

(B) No owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal parts and products coating line subject to the limitations of paragraph (e)(1)(i)(J) of this section shall apply coatings to miscellaneous metal parts or products on the subject coating line unless the requirements in paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(B) (1) or (2) of this section are met.

(1) For each coating line which applies multiple coatings, all of which are subject to the same numerical emission limitation within paragraph (e)(1)(i)(J) of this section, during the same day (e.g., all coatings used on the line are subject to 0.42 kg/l [3.5 lbs/gal]), the daily-weighted average VOM content shall not exceed the coating VOM content limit corresponding to the category of coating used, or

(2) For each coating line which applies coatings from more than one of the four coating categories in paragraph (e)(1)(i)(J) of this section, during the same day, the owner or operator shall submit to and receive approval from the Administrator for a site-specific FIP revision. To receive approval, the requirements of USEPA's Emissions Trading Policy Statement (and related policy) must be satisfied.

(C) No owner or operator of a can coating facility subject to the limitations of paragraph (e)(1)(i)(B) of this section shall operate the subject coating facility using a coating with a VOM content in excess of the limitations specified in paragraph (e)(1)(i)(B) of this section unless all of the following requirements are met: (continued)