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(continued)
resource protection; and
(iv) direct maintenance of the leased buildings and
associated properties.
(C) Accountability and results
The Secretary shall develop procedures for the use of the
special account that ensure accountability and demonstrated
results consistent with this Act.
(l) Cooperative management agreements
(1) In general
Where a unit of the National Park System is located adjacent
to or near a State or local park area, and cooperative
management between the National Park Service and a State or
local government agency of a portion of either park will allow
for more effective and efficient management of the parks, the
Secretary may enter into an agreement with a State or local
government agency to provide for the cooperative management of
the Federal and State or local park areas. The Secretary may
not transfer administration responsibilities for any unit of
the National Park System under this paragraph.
(2) Provision of goods and services
Under a cooperative management agreement, the Secretary may
acquire from and provide to a State or local government agency
goods and services to be used by the Secretary and the State or
local governmental agency in the cooperative management of
land.
(3) Assignment
An assignment arranged by the Secretary under section 3372 of
title 5 of a Federal, State, or local employee for work in any
Federal, State, or local land or an extension of such an
assignment may be for any period of time determined by the
Secretary and the State or local agency to be mutually
beneficial.

-SOURCE-
(Pub. L. 91-383, Sec. 3, Aug. 18, 1970, 84 Stat. 826; Pub. L.
94-458, Sec. 1, Oct. 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1939; Pub. L. 104-333, div.
I, title VII, Sec. 703, title VIII, Sec. 818, Nov. 12, 1996, 110
Stat. 4185, 4201; Pub. L. 105-391, title VIII, Sec. 802(a), Nov.
13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3522; Pub. L. 106-176, title I, Sec. 118, Mar.
10, 2000, 114 Stat. 28.)

-REFTEXT-
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949,
referred to in subsec. (g), is act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, 63 Stat.
377, as amended. Except for title III of the Act, which is
classified generally to subchapter IV (Sec. 251 et seq.) of chapter
4 of Title 41, Public Contracts, the Act was repealed and reenacted
by Pub. L. 107-217, Secs. 1, 6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062,
1304, as chapters 1 to 11 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property,
and Works.
This Act, referred to in subsec. (k)(5)(C), means Pub. L. 91-383,
Aug. 18, 1970, 84 Stat. 825, as amended, popularly known as the
"National Park System General Authorities Act". As originally
enacted, Pub. L. 91-383 contained sections 1 to 4, the first 3 of
which enacted sections 1a-1 and 1a-2 and amended sections 1b and 1c
of this title. Pub. L. 94-458 amended Pub. L. 91-383 by adding
sections 5 to 12, which enacted sections 1a-3 to 1a-7, amended
sections 17j, 460n-5, 463, 470a, and 559, and repealed sections 10,
10a, 17b-1, and 415 of this title. Pub. L. 103-322 amended Pub. L.
91-383 by adding section 13, which enacted section 1a-7a of this
title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Tables.

-COD-
CODIFICATION
In subsec. (c), "section 5703 of title 5" substituted for
"section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C.
5703)" on authority of Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80
Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government
Organization and Employees.
"Section 1302 of title 40" substituted in subsec. (k)(4)(A)(ii)
for "section 321 of the Act of June 30, 1932 (47 Stat. 412, chapter
314; 40 U.S.C. 303b)" on authority of Pub. L. 107-217, Sec. 5(c),
Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, the first section of which enacted
Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.


-MISC1-
AMENDMENTS
2000 - Subsecs. (a) to (f). Pub. L. 106-176, Sec. 118(2), (3),
capitalized the first letter of the first word and substituted a
period for the semicolon at end.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106-176, Sec. 118(1), (2), in introductory
provisions, capitalized the first letter of the first word and
substituted a period for the semicolon after "such exhibits and
demonstrations".
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106-176, Sec. 118(2), (3), capitalized the
first letter of the first word and substituted a period for the
semicolon at end.
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 106-176, Sec. 118(2), (4), capitalized the
first letter of the first word and substituted a period for "; and"
at end.
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 106-176, Sec. 118(5), realigned margins.
1998 - Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 105-391 added subsecs. (k) and
(l).
1996 - Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104-333, Sec. 703, inserted
provisions relating to Glacier Bay and substituted "interpretive
demonstrations" for "interpretive demonstrations and park
programs".
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104-333, Sec. 818, added subsec. (j).
1976 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94-458, Sec. 1(1), inserted provision
requiring Secretary to consider impact on primary natural and
historic resources of an area before entering into contracts.
Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 94-458, Sec. 1(2), added subsecs. (h)
and (i).


-TRANS-
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of
the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the
Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of
Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see
sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic
Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization
Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under
section 542 of Title 6.


-MISC2-
TERMINATION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEES
Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate
not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan.
5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the
President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee
is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such
2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the
Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 14
of Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 776, set out in the
Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

-End-



-CITE-
16 USC Sec. 1a-3 01/19/04

-EXPCITE-
TITLE 16 - CONSERVATION
CHAPTER 1 - NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORES
SUBCHAPTER I - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

-HEAD-
Sec. 1a-3. Legislative jurisdiction; relinquishment by Secretary;
submittal of proposed agreement to Congressional committees;
concurrent legislative jurisdiction

-STATUTE-
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of the
Interior may relinquish to a State, or to a Commonwealth,
territory, or possession of the United States, part of the
legislative jurisdiction of the United States over National Park
System lands or interests therein in that State, Commonwealth,
territory, or possession: Provided, That prior to consummating any
such relinquishment, the Secretary shall submit the proposed
agreement to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of
Representatives, and shall not finalize such agreement until sixty
calendar days after such submission shall have elapsed.
Relinquishment of legislative jurisdiction under this section may
be accomplished (1) by filing with the Governor (or, if none
exists, with the chief executive officer) of the State,
Commonwealth, territory, or possession concerned a notice of
relinquishment to take effect upon acceptance thereof, or (2) as
the laws of the State, Commonwealth, territory, or possession may
otherwise provide. The Secretary shall diligently pursue the
consummation of arrangements with each State, Commonwealth,
territory, or possession within which a unit of the National Park
System is located to the end that insofar as practicable the United
States shall exercise concurrent legislative jurisdiction within
units of the National Park System.

-SOURCE-
(Pub. L. 91-383, Sec. 6, as added Pub. L. 94-458, Sec. 2, Oct. 7,
1976, 90 Stat. 1939; amended Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 6(a)(1), Nov. 2,
1994, 108 Stat. 4583.)


-MISC1-
AMENDMENTS
1994 - Pub. L. 103-437 substituted "Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural
Resources of the House of Representatives" for "Committees on
Interior and Insular Affairs of the United States Congress".

-CHANGE-
CHANGE OF NAME
Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives
treated as referring to Committee on Resources of House of
Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out as a
note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

-End-



-CITE-
16 USC Sec. 1a-4 01/19/04

-EXPCITE-
TITLE 16 - CONSERVATION
CHAPTER 1 - NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORES
SUBCHAPTER I - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

-HEAD-
Sec. 1a-4. Uniform allowance

-STATUTE-
Notwithstanding section 5901(a) of title 5, the uniform allowance
for uniformed employees of the National Park Service may be up to
$400 annually.

-SOURCE-
(Pub. L. 91-383, Sec. 7, as added Pub. L. 94-458, Sec. 2, Oct. 7,
1976, 90 Stat. 1940.)

-End-



-CITE-
16 USC Sec. 1a-5 01/19/04

-EXPCITE-
TITLE 16 - CONSERVATION
CHAPTER 1 - NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORES
SUBCHAPTER I - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

-HEAD-
Sec. 1a-5. Additional areas for National Park System

-STATUTE-
(a) General authority
The Secretary of the Interior is directed to investigate, study,
and continually monitor the welfare of areas whose resources
exhibit qualities of national significance and which may have
potential for inclusion in the National Park System. Accompanying
the annual listing of areas shall be a synopsis, for each report
previously submitted, of the current and changed condition of the
resource integrity of the area and other relevant factors, compiled
as a result of continual periodic monitoring and embracing the
period since the previous such submission or initial report
submission one year earlier. The Secretary is also directed to
transmit annually to the Speaker of the House of Representatives
and to the President of the Senate, at the beginning of each fiscal
year, a complete and current list of all areas included on the
Registry of Natural Landmarks and those areas of national
significance listed on the National Register of Historic places
which areas exhibit known or anticipated damage or threats to the
integrity of their resources, along with notations as to the nature
and severity of such damage or threats. Each report and annual
listing shall be printed as a House document: Provided, That should
adequate supplies of previously printed identical reports remain
available, newly submitted identical reports shall be omitted from
printing upon the receipt by the Speaker of the United States House
of Representatives of a joint letter from the chairman of the
Committee on Natural Resources of the United States House of
Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the United States Senate indicating such to be
the case.
(b) Studies of areas for potential addition
(1) At the beginning of each calendar year, along with the annual
budget submission, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Resources of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate a list of
areas recommended for study for potential inclusion in the National
Park System.
(2) In developing the list to be submitted under this subsection,
the Secretary shall consider -
(A) those areas that have the greatest potential to meet the
established criteria of national significance, suitability, and
feasibility;
(B) themes, sites, and resources not already adequately
represented in the National Park System; and
(C) public petition and Congressional resolutions.

(3) No study of the potential of an area for inclusion in the
National Park System may be initiated after November 13, 1998,
except as provided by specific authorization of an Act of Congress.
(4) Nothing in this Act shall limit the authority of the National
Park Service to conduct preliminary resource assessments, gather
data on potential study areas, provide technical and planning
assistance, prepare or process nominations for administrative
designations, update previous studies, or complete reconnaissance
surveys of individual areas requiring a total expenditure of less
than $25,000.
(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to or to
affect or alter the study of any river segment for potential
addition to the national wild and scenic rivers system or to apply
to or to affect or alter the study of any trail for potential
addition to the national trails system.
(c) Report
(1) The Secretary shall complete the study for each area for
potential inclusion in the National Park System within 3 complete
fiscal years following the date on which funds are first made
available for such purposes. Each study under this section shall be
prepared with appropriate opportunity for public involvement,
including at least one public meeting in the vicinity of the area
under study, and after reasonable efforts to notify potentially
affected landowners and State and local governments.
(2) In conducting the study, the Secretary shall consider whether
the area under study -
(A) possesses nationally significant natural or cultural
resources and represents one of the most important examples of a
particular resource type in the country; and
(B) is a suitable and feasible addition to the system.

(3) Each study -
(A) shall consider the following factors with regard to the
area being studied -
(i) the rarity and integrity of the resources;
(ii) the threats to those resources;
(iii) similar resources are already protected in the National
Park System or in other public or private ownership;
(iv) the public use potential;
(v) the interpretive and educational potential;
(vi) costs associated with acquisition, development and
operation;
(vii) the socioeconomic impacts of any designation;
(viii) the level of local and general public support; and
(ix) whether the area is of appropriate configuration to
ensure long-term resource protection and visitor use;

(B) shall consider whether direct National Park Service
management or alternative protection by other public agencies or
the private sector is appropriate for the area;
(C) shall identify what alternative or combination of
alternatives would in the professional judgment of the Director
of the National Park Service be most effective and efficient in
protecting significant resources and providing for public
enjoyment; and
(D) may include any other information which the Secretary deems
to be relevant.

(4) Each study shall be completed in compliance with the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.].
(5) The letter transmitting each completed study to Congress
shall contain a recommendation regarding the Secretary's preferred
management option for the area.
(d) New area study office
The Secretary shall designate a single office to be assigned to
prepare all new area studies and to implement other functions of
this section.
(e) List of areas
At the beginning of each calendar year, along with the annual
budget submission, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Resources of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a list of areas which
have been previously studied which contain primarily historical
resources, and a list of areas which have been previously studied
which contain primarily natural resources, in numerical order of
priority for addition to the National Park System. In developing
the lists, the Secretary should consider threats to resource
values, cost escalation factors, and other factors listed in
subsection (c) of this section. The Secretary should only include
on the lists areas for which the supporting data is current and
accurate.
(f) Authorization of appropriations
For the purposes of carrying out the studies for potential new
Park System units and for monitoring the welfare of those
resources, there are authorized to be appropriated annually not to
exceed $1,000,000. For the purposes of monitoring the welfare and
integrity of the national landmarks, there are authorized to be
appropriated annually not to exceed $1,500,000. For carrying out
subsections (b) through (d) of this section there are authorized to
be appropriated $2,000,000 for each fiscal year.

-SOURCE-
(Pub. L. 91-383, Sec. 8, as added Pub. L. 94-458, Sec. 2, Oct. 7,
1976, 90 Stat. 1940; amended Pub. L. 95-625, title VI, Sec. 604(1),
Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3518; Pub. L. 96-199, title I, Sec. 104,
Mar. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 68; Pub. L. 96-344, Sec. 8, Sept. 8, 1980,
94 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 6(b), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat.
4583; Pub. L. 104-333, div. I, title VIII, Sec. 814(d)(1)(I), Nov.
12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4196; Pub. L. 105-391, title III, Sec. 303,
Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3501.)

-REFTEXT-
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), means Pub. L. 91-383,
Aug. 18, 1970, 84 Stat. 825, as amended, popularly known as the
"National Park System General Authorities Act". As originally
enacted, Pub. L. 91-383 contained sections 1 to 4, the first 3 of
which enacted sections 1a-1 and 1a-2 and amended sections 1b and 1c
of this title. Pub. L. 94-458 amended Pub. L. 91-383 by adding
sections 5 to 12, which enacted sections 1a-3 to 1a-7, amended
sections 17j, 460n-5, 463, 470a, and 559, and repealed sections 10,
10a, 17b-1, and 415 of this title. Pub. L. 103-322 amended Pub. L.
91-383 by adding section 13, which enacted section 1a-7a of this
title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Tables.
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in
subsec. (c)(4), is Pub. L. 91-190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as
amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (Sec. 4321 et
seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set
out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.


-MISC1-
AMENDMENTS
1998 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105-391, Sec. 303(1), (2), inserted
heading and struck out after first sentence "At the beginning of
each fiscal year, the Secretary shall transmit to the Speaker of
the House of Representatives and to the President of the Senate,
comprehensive reports on each of those areas upon which studies
have been completed. Each such report shall indicate and elaborate
on the theme(s) which the area represents as indicated in the
National Park System Plan. On this same date, and accompanying such
reports, the Secretary shall transmit a listing, in generally
descending order of importance or merit, of not less than twelve
such areas which appear to be of national significance and which
may have potential for inclusion in the National Park System.
Threats to resource values, and cost escalation factors shall be
considered in listing the order of importance or merit. Such
listing may be comprised of any areas heretofore submitted under
terms of this section, and which at the time of listing are not
included in the National Park System."
Pub. L. 105-391, Sec. 303(3), redesignated last two sentences as
subsec. (f).
Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 105-391, Sec. 303(4), added subsecs.
(b) to (e).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105-391, Sec. 303(3), (5), redesignated last
two sentences of subsec. (a) as (f), inserted heading, and inserted
at end "For carrying out subsections (b) through (d) of this
section there are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for each
fiscal year."
1996 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-333 struck out subsec. (b) which
read as follows: "The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Natural Resources of the United States House of Representatives and
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the United States
Senate, a comprehensive, 'National Park System Plan', which
document shall constitute a professional guide for the
identification of natural and historic themes of the United States,
and from which candidate areas can be identified and selected to
constitute units of the National Park System. Such plan shall be
revised and updated annually."
1994 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 6(b)(1), substituted
"Natural Resources" for "Interior and Insular Affairs" after
"Committee on".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 6(b)(2), substituted "The
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Natural Resources" for
"Within six months of March 5, 1980, the Secretary shall submit to
the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs".
1980 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96-344 inserted provisions requiring
that each report indicate and elaborate on the theme or themes
which the area represents as indicated in the National Park System
Plan and the annual priority listing of areas be accomplished by a
synopsis, for each report previously submitted, of current and
changed conditions of the resource integrity of the area or other
relevant factors, to cover the period since the previous such
submission or initial report submission one year earlier.
Pub. L. 96-199, Sec. 104(a), (b), designated existing provisions
as subsec. (a) and inserted provision that should adequate supplies
of previously printed identical reports remain available, newly
submitted identical reports shall be omitted from printing upon the
receipt by the Speaker of the United States House of
Representatives of a joint letter from the chairman of the
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of the United States
House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the United States Senate indicating
such to be the case.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96-199, Sec. 104(b), added subsec. (b).
1978 - Pub. L. 95-625 authorized annual appropriations of
$1,000,000 for studies for potential new Park System units and for
monitoring the welfare of those resources and $1,500,000 for
monitoring the welfare and integrity of the national landmarks.

-CHANGE-
CHANGE OF NAME
Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives
treated as referring to Committee on Resources of House of
Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-14, set out as a
note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.


-MISC2-
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STUDIES
Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(3) [title III, Sec. 326],
Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-194, provided that:
"(a) Short Title. - This section may be cited as the 'National
Park Service Studies Act of 1999'.
"(b) Authorization of Studies. -
"(1) In general. - The Secretary of the Interior ('the
Secretary') shall conduct studies of the geographical areas and
historic and cultural themes described in subsection (b)(3) to
determine the appropriateness of including such areas or themes
in the National Park System.
"(2) Criteria. - In conducting the studies authorized by this
Act, the Secretary shall use the criteria for the study of areas
for potential inclusion in the National Park System in accordance
with section 8 of Public Law 91-383 [16 U.S.C. 1a-5], as amended
by section 303 of the National Parks Omnibus Management Act
(Public Law 105-391; 112 Stat. 3501) [16 U.S.C. 1a-5].
"(3) Study areas. - The Secretary shall conduct studies of the
following:
"(A) Anderson Cottage, Washington, District of Columbia.
"(B) Bioluminescent Bay, Puerto Rico.
"(C) Civil Rights Sites, multi-State.
"(D) Crossroads of the American Revolution, Central New
Jersey.
"(E) Fort Hunter Liggett, California.
"(F) Fort King, Florida.
"(G) Gaviota Coast Seashore, California.
"(H) Kate Mullany House, New York.
"(I) Loess Hills, Iowa.
"(J) Low Country Gullah Culture, multi-State.
"(K) Nan Madol, State of Ponape, Federated States of
Micronesia (upon the request of the Government of the Federated
States of Micronesia).
"(L) Walden Pond and Woods, Massachusetts.
"(M) World War II Sites, Commonwealth of the Northern
Marianas.
"(N) World War II Sites, Republic of Palau (upon the request
of the Government of the Republic of Palau).
"(c) Reports. - The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on
Resources of the House of Representatives a report on the findings,
conclusions, and recommendations of each study under subsection (b)
within three fiscal years following the date on which funds are
first made available for each study."

PURPOSE OF 1998 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 105-391, title III, Sec. 302, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat.
3501, provided that: "It is the purpose of this title [amending
this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under
section 1 of this title] to reform the process by which areas are
considered for addition to the National Park System."

REVOLUTIONARY WAR AND WAR OF 1812 HISTORIC PRESERVATION STUDY
Section 603 of title VI of div. I of Pub. L. 104-333, as amended
by Pub. L. 106-176, title I, Sec. 114, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 27,
enacted the Revolutionary War and War of 1812 Historic Preservation
Study Act of 1996 which made congressional findings as to
importance of such preservation study, defined various terms,
directed Secretary of the Interior as to preparation of, matters to
be included in, consultation with respect to, and report concerning
such study, and authorized appropriations.

LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA REGION INITIATIVES
Pub. L. 103-433, title XI, Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4512,
directed Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with Delta
Region States, the Lower Mississippi Delta Development Center, the
Chairs of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National
Endowment for the Humanities, the Director of the Smithsonian
Institution, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, State
Archaeological Surveys and Regional Archaeological Centers and
other appropriate institutions, to prepare and transmit to Congress
a series of studies involving Delta Region heritage particularly
development of Delta Region Corridors and Heritage and Cultural
Centers, preservation of historic and prehistoric sites and
structures, Delta antiquities survey, and comprehensive historic
and archaeological resources program.

BOSTON HARBOR ISLANDS STUDY
Pub. L. 102-525, title V, Sec. 501, Oct. 26, 1992, 106 Stat.
3442, directed Secretary of the Interior to study within one year
after Oct. 26, 1992, opportunities for National Park Service to
promote conservation and use by the public of Boston Harbor
Islands, and in so doing to consult local governmental authorities,
to evaluate suitability of establishing Boston Harbor Islands as
unit of National Park System, to assess tourism and public
education opportunities of management in conjunction with nearby
units of National Park System, to evaluate possible transportation
links with those units, and to submit, not later than one year
after Oct. 26, 1992, a report of findings, conclusions, and
recommendations to Congress.

NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK THEME STUDY ON AMERICAN LABOR HISTORY
Pub. L. 102-101, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 493, directed Secretary
of the Interior, in consultation with workers, workers'
representatives, scholars, and preservationists, and under
cooperative agreements with scholarly and public historic
organizations, to prepare and transmit to Congress, within 3 years
of date of funding, a theme study to identify key sites in American
labor history, to nominate districts, sites, etc., as national
historic landmarks, to identify possible new park units, and to
prepare a list of the most appropriate sites, and authorized
appropriations of $250,000 to carry out study.

AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY LANDMARK THEME STUDY
Pub. L. 102-98, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 485, directed Secretary
of the Interior, in consultation with scholars and
preservationists, and under cooperative agreements with scholarly
and public historic organizations, to prepare and transmit to
Congress, within 3 years of date of funding, a theme study to
identify key sites in history and experience of African-Americans,
to nominate districts, sites, etc. as national historic landmarks,
to identify possible new park units, and to prepare a list of most
appropriate sites, and authorized appropriations of $500,000 to
carry out study.

NIOBRARA-BUFFALO PRAIRIE NATIONAL PARK STUDY
Pub. L. 102-50, Sec. 8, May 24, 1991, 105 Stat. 257, directed
Secretary of the Interior to study within 18 months after May 24,
1991, feasibility and suitability of establishing Niobrara-Buffalo
Prairie National Park in Nebraska, including assessment of
significance of natural, cultural, historic, scenic, and
recreational resources and study of feasibility of managing the
area by various methods, in consultation with appropriate Federal
agencies, Nature Conservancy, and Nebraska Game and Parks
Commission, and directed Secretary to submit study to Congress,
prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105-362, title IX, Sec. 901(g)(1), Nov.
10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3290.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD STUDY
Pub. L. 101-628, title VI, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4495,
directed Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study of
alternatives for commemorating the Underground Railroad in order to
preserve and protect this aspect of American history, directed
preparation of an interpretive handbook on the Underground Railroad
in larger context of American antebellum society, including history
of slavery and abolitionism, and authorized establishment of
Underground Railroad Advisory Committee to meet and consult with
Secretary on matters relating to the study.

CIVIL WAR AND OTHER STUDIES
Pub. L. 101-628, title XII, Secs. 1201-1210, Nov. 28, 1990, 104
Stat. 4503-4507, as amended by Pub. L. 102-166, title V, Sec. 501,
Nov. 21, 1991, 105 Stat. 1100, provided that title XII of Pub. L.
101-628 could be cited as the "Civil War Sites Study Act of 1990",
directed Secretary of the Interior to prepare a study of Shenandoah
Valley Civil War sites in order to obtain information on
significance of such sites, threats to their integrity, and
alternatives for their preservation, authorized establishment of
Civil War Sites Advisory Commission, directed such Commission to
prepare a study of historically significant sites other than
Shenandoah Valley Civil War sites, and directed Secretary to
undertake a complete revision of National Park Service "Thematic
Framework" to reflect current scholarship on American history and
culture, historic and prehistoric archeology, and architecture.

REPORT TO CONGRESS ON CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION AS AFFILIATED AREA OF
NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM
Pub. L. 100-336, Sec. 2, June 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 617, directed
Secretary, in consultation with interested conservation,
professional, and park management organizations and individuals, to
prepare and submit to Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of
House of Representatives and Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of Senate a report of criteria for elements of national
significance and other factors necessary for a proposed area to be
considered appropriate for inclusion as an affiliated area of
National Park System including an analysis of applicability to
Wildlife Prairie Park, this report to address responsibilities to
be required of operators of an affiliated area and responsibilities
of National Park Service to any such designated area, with report
to be submitted not later than two years from June 17, 1988, and to
provide recommendations by Secretary of the Interior including but
not limited to how criteria for national significance and other
factors should be made applicable to future proposed affiliated
areas, when such areas are considered by the Secretary, and any
criteria or procedures for such considerations by Congress
including recommendations for legislative action.

STUDY OF HISTORICAL CAMDEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, REGARDING ESTABLISHMENT
AS UNIT OF NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM; TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT AND
CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES
Pub. L. 95-629, title IV, Sec. 401, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3640,
directed Secretary of the Interior to prepare and transmit to
President, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of House of
Representatives, and Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of
Senate a study of Historical Camden, consisting of approximately
ninety acres of land in Camden, South Carolina, to determine
feasibility and desirability of establishing such area as a unit of
the National Park System, with study to be transmitted not later
than two years following date on which funds are appropriated for
study and to include cost estimates for any necessary acquisition,
development, operation and maintenance, as well as any alternatives
for administration and protection of area.

CROW CREEK VILLAGE ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE, SOUTH DAKOTA;
FEASIBILITY/SUITABILITY STUDY; TRANSMITTAL TO CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES; COST ESTIMATES; SITE PRESERVATION
Section 512 of Pub. L. 95-625 directed Secretary to prepare and
transmit to Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of Senate and
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of House of
Representatives within two years from Nov. 10, 1978, a
feasibility/suitability study of Crow Creek Village archeological
site, Buffalo County, South Dakota, as a unit of National Park
System, including cost estimates for any necessary acquisition,
development, operation and maintenance, as well as any feasible
alternatives for administration and protection of area, including,
but not limited to, Federal financial and technical assistance to
State of South Dakota, Buffalo County or other suitable entity, and
directed Secretary of the Army to take such actions as may be
necessary to preserve and protect such site from any adverse impact
on site and to refrain from any activities which might cause such
impact until two years from date of submission of study by
Secretary.

RIDGELANDS AREA STUDY; CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION; REPORT TO
PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
Section 602 of Pub. L. 95-625 directed Secretary to study
feasibility and desirability of establishing Ridgelands area east
of San Francisco Bay as a unit of National Park System, to consult
with other Federal, State, and local agencies in conduct of this
study, to coordinate this study with applicable local and State
plans and planning activities relating to Ridgelands, and to report
findings and recommendations to President and Congress not later
than one year after Nov. 10, 1978.

OAK CREEK CANYON, YAVAPAI, SOLDIERS WASH-MORMON CANYON, AND
CHIRICAHUA NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA; STUDIES BY SECRETARIES OF
THE INTERIOR AND AGRICULTURE
Section 605 of Pub. L. 95-625 directed Secretary, in cooperation
with Secretary of Agriculture where national forest lands are
involved, to conduct a study to determine suitable boundaries for
Oak Creek Canyon, Yavapai, Soldiers Wash-Mormon Canyon areas in
Arizona as a unit or units of National Park System, and to conduct
a study of boundary of Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, to
determine appropriate location of a boundary line for additions to
monument, with both reports to be submitted by Secretary to
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of House of
Representatives and Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of
Senate not later than one year following date on which funds are
appropriated for purpose of study.

IRVINE COAST-LAGUNA, CALIFORNIA STUDY
Section 608 of Pub. L. 95-625 directed Secretary to study
feasibility and desirability of establishing Irvine Coast-Laguna
beach area as a unit of National Park System, to consult with other
Federal, State, and local agencies in conduct of this study, and to
report findings and recommendations to President and Congress
within six months after Nov. 10, 1978.

-SECREF-
SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS
This section is referred to in section 410ggg-2 of this title.

-End-



-CITE-
16 USC Sec. 1a-6 01/19/04

-EXPCITE-
TITLE 16 - CONSERVATION
CHAPTER 1 - NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORES
SUBCHAPTER I - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

-HEAD-
Sec. 1a-6. Law enforcement personnel within National Park System

-STATUTE-
(a) Omitted
(b) Designation authority of Secretary; powers and duties of
designees
In addition to any other authority conferred by law, the
Secretary of the Interior is authorized to designate, pursuant to
standards prescribed in regulations by the Secretary, certain
officers or employees of the Department of the Interior who shall
maintain law and order and protect persons and property within
areas of the National Park System. In the performance of such
duties, the officers or employees, so designated, may -
(1) carry firearms and make arrests without warrant for any
offense against the United States committed in his presence, or
for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if
he has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be
arrested has committed or is committing such felony, provided
such arrests occur within that system or the person to be
arrested is fleeing therefrom to avoid arrest;
(2) execute any warrant or other process issued by a court or
officer of competent jurisdiction for the enforcement of the
provisions of any Federal law or regulation issued pursuant to
law arising out of an offense committed in that system or, where
the person subject to the warrant or process is in that system,
in connection with any Federal offense; and
(3) conduct investigations of offenses against the United
States committed in that system in the absence of investigation
thereof by any other Federal law enforcement agency having
investigative jurisdiction over the offense committed or with the
concurrence of such other agency.
(c) Supplemental special policemen; designation authority of
Secretary; cooperation with State officials in enforcement of
State law; reimbursement to State; concurrent jurisdiction;
delegation of enforcement responsibilities
The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to -
(1) designate officers and employees of any other Federal
agency or law enforcement personnel of any State or political
subdivision thereof, when deemed economical and in the public
interest and with the concurrence of that agency or that State or
subdivision, to act as special policemen in areas of the National
Park System when supplemental law enforcement personnel may be
needed, and to exercise the powers and authority provided by
paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (b) of this section;
(2) cooperate, within the National Park System, with any State
or political subdivision thereof in the enforcement of
supervision of the laws or ordinances of that State or
subdivision;
(3) mutually waive, in any agreement pursuant to paragraphs (1)
and (2) of this subsection or pursuant to subsection (b)(1) of
this section with any State or political subdivision thereof
where State law requires such waiver and indemnification, any and
all civil claims against all the other parties thereto and,
subject to available appropriations, indemnify and save harmless
the other parties to such agreement from all claims by third
parties for property damage or personal injury, which may arise
out of the parties' activities outside their respective
jurisdictions under such agreement; and
(4) provide limited reimbursement, to a State or its political
subdivisions, in accordance with such regulations as he may
prescribe, where the State has ceded concurrent legislative
jurisdiction over the affected area of the system, for
expenditures incurred in connection with its activities within
that system which were rendered pursuant to paragraph (1) of this
subsection.

The authorities provided by this subsection shall supplement the
law enforcement responsibilities of the National Park Service, and
shall not authorize the delegation of law enforcement
responsibilities of the agency to State and local governments.
(d) Special policemen not deemed Federal employees; exceptions
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a law
enforcement officer of any State or political subdivision thereof
designated to act as a special policeman under subsection (c) of
this section shall not be deemed a Federal employee and shall not
be subject to the provisions of law relating to Federal employment,
including, but not limited to, those relating to hours of work,
rates of compensation, leave, unemployment compensation, and
Federal benefits.
(2) For purposes of the tort claim provisions of title 28, a law
enforcement officer of any State or political subdivision thereof
shall, when acting as a special policeman under subsection (c) of
this section, be considered a Federal employee.
(3) For purposes of subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5,
relating to compensation to Federal employees for work injuries, a
law enforcement officer of any State or political subdivision
thereof shall, when acting as a special policeman under subsection
(c) of this section be deemed a civil service employee of the
United States within the meaning of the term "employee" as defined
in section 8101 of title 5, and the provisions of that subchapter
shall apply.
(e) Federal investigative jurisdiction and State civil and criminal
jurisdiction not preempted within National Park System
Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed or applied to
limit or restrict the investigative jurisdiction of any Federal law
enforcement agency other than the National Park Service, and
nothing shall be construed or applied to affect any right of a
State or a political subdivision thereof to exercise civil and
criminal jurisdiction within the National Park System.

-SOURCE-
(Pub. L. 91-383, Sec. 10, as added Pub. L. 94-458, Sec. 2, Oct. 7,
1976, 90 Stat. 1941; amended Pub. L. 106-437, Sec. 2, Nov. 6, 2000,
114 Stat. 1920.)

-REFTEXT-
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This Act, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 91-383, Aug. 18,
1970, 84 Stat. 825, as amended. As originally enacted, Pub. L.
91-383 contained sections 1 to 4, the first 3 of which enacted
sections 1a-1 and 1a-2 and amended sections 1b and 1c of this
title. Pub. L. 94-458 amended Pub. L. 91-383 by adding sections 5
to 12, which enacted sections 1a-3 to 1a-7, amended sections 17j,
460n-5, 463, 470a, and 559, and repealed sections 10, 10a, 17b-1,
and 415 of this title. Pub. L. 103-322 amended Pub. L. 91-383 by
adding section 13, which enacted section 1a-7a of this title. For
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

-COD-
CODIFICATION
Section is comprised of section 10 of Pub. L. 91-383, as added.
Subsec. (a) of section 10 of Pub. L. 91-383 amended sections 460n-5
and 559 of this title and repealed sections 10, 10a, and 415 of
this title.


-MISC1-
AMENDMENTS
2000 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106-437 struck out "and" at end of
par. (2), added par. (3), redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as
(4) and (5), respectively, and in par. (5) substituted "The" for
"(5) the" and aligned left margin with introductory provisions.

-End-



-CITE-
16 USC Sec. 1a-7 01/19/04

-EXPCITE-
TITLE 16 - CONSERVATION
CHAPTER 1 - NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORES
SUBCHAPTER I - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

-HEAD-
Sec. 1a-7. National Park System development program

-STATUTE-
(a) Omitted
(b) General management plans; preparation and revision by Director
of National Park Service; list to Congress; contents
General management plans for the preservation and use of each
unit of the National Park System, including areas within the
national capital area, shall be prepared and revised in a timely
manner by the Director of the National Park Service. On January 1
of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a list
indicating the current status of completion or revision of general
management plans for each unit of the National Park System. General
management plans for each unit shall include, but not be limited
to:
(1) measures for the preservation of the area's resources;
(2) indications of types and general intensities of development
(including visitor circulation and transportation patterns,
systems and modes) associated with public enjoyment and use of
the area, including general locations, timing of implementation,
and anticipated costs;
(3) identification of and implementation commitments for
visitor carrying capacities for all areas of the unit; and
(4) indications of potential modifications to the external
boundaries of the unit, and the reasons therefor.

-SOURCE-
(Pub. L. 91-383, Sec. 12, as added Pub. L. 94-458, Sec. 2, Oct. 7,
1976, 90 Stat. 1942; amended Pub. L. 95-625, title VI, Sec. 604(3),
(4), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3518, 3519; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec.
6(c), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4583; Pub. L. 105-391, title IV, Sec.415(b)(2), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3515.) (continued)