Loading (50 kb)...'
(continued)
(2) In order to ascertain the hazards, as required by subsection (1) of this section, the employer shall obtain the following items of information which are applicable to a specific product or material to be used:
(a) The name, address, and telephone number of the source of the information specified in this section preferably those of the manufacturer of the product or material.
(b) The trade name and synonyms for a mixture of chemicals, a basic structural material, or for a process material; and the chemical name and synonyms, chemical family, and formula for a single chemical.
(c) Chemical names of hazardous ingredients, including, but not limited to, those in mixtures, such as those in: (i) Paints, preservatives, and solvents; (ii) alloys, metallic coatings, filler metals and their coatings or core fluxes; and (iii) other liquids, solids, or gases (e.g., abrasive materials).
(d) An indication of the percentage, by weight or volume, which each ingredient of a mixture bears to the whole mixture, and of the threshold limit value of each ingredient, in appropriate units.
(e) Physical data about a single chemical or a mixture of chemicals, including boiling point, in degrees Fahrenheit; vapor pressure, in millimeters of mercury; vapor density of gas or vapor (air=1); solubility in water, in percent by weight; specific gravity of material (water=1); percentage volatile, by volume, at 70°F.; evaporation rate for liquids (either butyl acetate or ether may be taken as 1); and appearance and odor.
(f) Fire and explosion hazard data about a single chemical or a mixture of chemicals, including flashpoint, in degrees Fahrenheit; flammable limits, in percent by volume in air; suitable extinguishing media or agents; special fire fighting procedures; and unusual fire and explosion hazard information.
(g) Health hazard data, including threshold limit value, in appropriate units, for a single hazardous chemical or for the individual hazardous ingredients of a mixture as appropriate, effects of overexposure; and emergency and first-aid procedures.
(h) Reactivity data, including stability, incompatibility, hazardous decomposition products, and hazardous polymerization.
(i) Procedures to be followed and precautions to be taken in cleaning up and disposing of materials leaked or spilled.
(j) Special protection information, including use of personal protective equipment, such as respirators, eye protection, and protective clothing, and of ventilation, such as local exhaust, general, special, or other types.
(k) Special precautionary information about handling and storing.
(l) Any other general precautionary information.
(3) The pertinent information required by subsection (2) of this section shall be recorded either on United States Department of Labor Form LSB 00S-4, Material Safety Data Sheet, or on an essentially similar form which has been approved by the department of labor and industries. Copies of Form LSB 00S-4 may be obtained at any of the following regional offices of the occupational safety and health administration:
(a) Pacific region. (Arizona, California, Hawaii, and Nevada.)
10353 Federal Building, 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017, San Francisco, Calif. 94102.
(b) Region X, OSHA, (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, and Oregon), Federal Office Building, 909 First Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98174.
A completed MSDS form shall be preserved and available for inspection for each hazardous chemical on the worksite.
(4) The employer shall instruct employees who will be exposed to the hazardous materials as to the nature of the hazards and the means of avoiding them.
(5) The employer shall provide all necessary controls, and the employees shall be protected by suitable personal protective equipment against the hazards identified under subsection (1) of this section and those hazards for which specific precautions are required in WAC 296-304-020 through296-304-04013 .
(6) The employer shall provide adequate washing facilities for employees engaged in the application of paints or coatings or in other operations where contaminants can, by ingestion or absorption, be detrimental to the health of the employees. The employer shall encourage good personal hygiene practices by informing the employees of the need for removing surface contaminants by thorough washing of hands and face prior to eating or smoking.
(7) The employer shall not permit eating or smoking in areas undergoing surface preparation or preservation or where shiprepairing, shipbuilding, or shipbreaking operations produce atmospheric contamination.
(8) The employer shall not permit employees to work in the immediate vicinity of uncovered garbage and shall ensure that employees working beneath or on the outboard side of a vessel are not subject to contamination by drainage or waste from overboard discharges.
(9) Requirements of WAC 296-800-170, Chemical hazard communication program, will apply to shiprepairing, shipbuilding, and shipbreaking when potential hazards of chemicals and communicating information concerning hazards and appropriate protective equipment is applicable to an operation.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and[49.17].050 . 01-11-038, § 296-304-06013, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040,[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 98-02-006, § 296-304-06013, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-06013, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; 88-14-108 (Order 88-11), § 296-304-06013, filed 7/6/88; Order 76-7, § 296-304-06013, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-06013, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-06015
First aid.
(1) Unless a first-aid room and a qualified attendant are close at hand and prepared to render first aid to employees on behalf of the employer, the employer shall furnish a first-aid kit for each vessel on which work is being performed, except that when work is being performed on more than one small vessel at one pier, only one kit shall be required. The kit, when required, shall be kept close to the vessel and at least one employee, close, at hand, shall be qualified to administer first aid to the injured.
(2) The first-aid kit shall consist of a weatherproof container with individual sealed packages for each type of item. The contents of such kit shall contain a sufficient quantity of at least the following types of items:
Gauze roller bandages, 1 inch and 2 inch.
Gauze compress bandages, 4 inch.
Adhesive bandages, 1 inch.
Triangular bandage, 40 inch.
Ammonia inhalants and ampules.
Antiseptic applicators or swabs.
Burn dressing.
Eye dressing.
Wire or thin board splints.
Forceps and tourniquet.
(3) The contents of the first-aid kit shall be checked before being sent out on each job and at least weekly on each job to ensure that the expended items are replaced.
(4) There shall be available for each vessel on which ten or more employees are working one Stokes basket stretcher, or equivalent, permanently equipped with bridles for attaching to the hoisting gear, except that no more than two stretchers are required on each job location. A blanket or other liner suitable for transferring the patient to and from the stretcher shall be provided. Stretchers shall be kept close to the vessels. This section does not apply where ambulance services which are available are known to carry such stretchers.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-06015, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-070
Gear and equipment for rigging and materials handling — Scope and application.
All sections of this chapter which include WAC 296-304-070 in the section number apply to gear and equipment for rigging and materials handling.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-070, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-07001
Inspection.
(1) All gear and equipment provided by the employer for rigging and materials handling shall be inspected before each shift and, when necessary, at intervals during its use to ensure that is safe. Defective gear shall be removed and repaired or replaced before further use.
(2) The safe working load of gear as specified in WAC 296-304-07003 and 296-304-07005 shall not be exceeded.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-07001, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-07003
Ropes, chains and slings.
(1) Manila rope and manila rope slings.
(a) Table G-1 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the safe working load of various sizes of manila rope and manila rope slings at various angles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products: Provided, That a safety factor of not less than five is maintained.
(2) Wire rope and wire rope slings.
(a) Tables G-2 through G-5 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, classifications and grades not included in these tables, the safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products shall be followed: Provided, That a safety factor of not less than five is maintained.
(b) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.
(c) Where U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes, Table G-6 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips. The U-bolt shall be applied so that the "U" section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.
(d) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots.
(3) Chains and chain slings.
(a) Tables G-7 and G-8 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the working load limit of various sizes of wrought iron and alloy steel chains and chain slings, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products.
(b) All sling chains, including end fastenings, shall be given a visual inspection before being used on the job. A thorough inspection of all chains in use shall be made every 3 months. Each chain shall bear an indication of the month in which it was thoroughly inspected. The thorough inspection shall include inspection for wear, defective welds, deformation and increase in length or stretch.
(c) Interlink wear, not accompanied by stretch in excess of 5 percent, shall be noted and the chain removed from service when maximum allowable wear at any point of link, as indicated in Table G-9 in WAC 296-304-07011 has been reached.
(d) Chain slings shall be removed from service when, due to stretch, the increase in length of a measured section exceeds five percent; when a link is bent, twisted or otherwise damaged; or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear.
(e) All repairs to chains shall be made under qualified supervision. Links or portions of the chain found to be defective as described in (d) of this section shall be replaced by links having proper dimensions and made of material similar to that of the chain. Before repaired chains are returned to service, they shall be proof tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer.
(f) Wrought iron chains in constant use shall be annealed or normalized at intervals not exceeding six months when recommended by the manufacturer. The chain manufacturer shall be consulted for recommended procedures for annealing or normalizing. Alloy chains shall never be annealed.
(g) A load shall not be lifted with a chain having a kink or knot in it. A chain shall not be shortened by bolting, wiring or knotting.
[Order 76-7, § 296-304-07003, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-07003, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-07005
Shackles and hooks.
(1) Shackles.
(a) Table G-10 in WAC 296-304-07011 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products: Provided, That a safety factor of not less than five is maintained.
(2) Hooks.
(a) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.
(b) Loads shall be applied to the throat of the hook since loading the point overstresses and bends or springs the hook.
(c) Hooks shall be inspected periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Bent or sprung hooks shall not be used.
[Order 76-7, § 296-304-07005, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-07005, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-07007
Chain falls and pull-lifts.
(1) Chain falls and pull-lifts shall be clearly marked to show the capacity and the capacity shall not be exceeded.
(2) Chain falls shall be regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the lift chain, pinion, sheaves and hooks for distortion and wear. Pull-lifts shall be regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the ratchet, pawl, chain and hooks for distortion and wear.
(3) Straps, shackles, and the beam or overhead structure to which a chain fall or pull-lift is secured shall be of adequate strength to support the weight of load plus gear. The upper hook shall be moused or otherwise secured against coming free of its support.
(4) Scaffolding shall not be used as a point of attachment for lifting devices, such as tackles, chain falls, and pull-lifts unless the scaffolding is specifically designed for that purpose.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-07007, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-07009
Hoisting and hauling equipment.
(1) Derrick and crane certification:
(a) Derricks and cranes which are part of, or regularly placed aboard barges, other vessels, or on wingwalls of floating drydocks, and are used to transfer materials or equipment from or to a vessel or drydock, shall be tested and certificated in accordance with the standards provided in WAC 296-304-130 gear certification, by persons accredited for that purpose.
(b) Subsection (a) of this section shall take effect 180 days after the effective date of the amendment.
(2) The moving parts of hoisting and hauling equipment shall be guarded.
(3) Mobile crawler or truck cranes used on a vessel:
(a) The maximum manufacturer's rated safe working loads for the various working radii of the boom and the maximum and minimum radii at which the boom may be safely used with and without outriggers shall be conspicuously posted near the controls and shall be visible to the operator. A radius indicator shall be provided.
(b) The posted safe working loads of mobile crawler or truck cranes under the conditions of use shall not be exceeded.
(4) Accessible areas within the swing radius of the outermost part of the body of a revolving derrick or crane whether permanently or temporarily mounted, shall be guarded in such a manner as to prevent an employee from being in such a position as to be struck by the crane or caught between the crane and fixed parts of the vessel or of the crane itself.
(5) Marine railways:
(a) The cradle or carriage on the marine railway shall be positively blocked or secured when in the hauled position to prevent it from being accidentally released.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099, § 296-304-07009, filed 2/4/03, effective 8/1/03; Order 74-25, § 296-304-07009, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-07011
Use of gear.
(1) Loads shall be safely rigged before being hoisted.
(2) Plates shall be handled on and off hulls by means of shackles whenever possible. Clips or pads of ample size shall be welded to the plate to receive the shackle pins whenever there are no holes in the plate. When it is not possible to make holes in or to weld pads to the plate, alligator tongs, grab hooks, grab clamps or screw clamps may be used. In such cases special precautions shall be taken to keep employees from under such lifts.
(3) Tag lines shall be provided on loads likely to swing or to need guidance.
(4) When slings are secured to eyebolts, the slings shall be so arranged, using spreaders if necessary, that the pull is within 20 degrees of the axis of the bolt.
(5) Slings shall be padded by means of wood blocks or other suitable material where they pass over sharp edges or corners of loads so as to prevent cutting or kinking.
(6) Skips shall be rigged to be handled by not less than 3 legged bridles, and all legs shall always be used. When open end skips are used, means shall be taken to prevent the contents from falling.
(7) Loose ends of idle legs of slings in use shall be hung on the hook.
(8) Employees shall not be permitted to ride the hook or the load.
(9) Loads (tools, equipment or other materials) shall not be swung or suspended over the heads of employees.
(10) Pieces of equipment or structure susceptible to falling or dislodgement shall be secured or removed as early as possible.
(11) An individual who is familiar with the signal code in use shall be assigned to act as a signalman when the hoist operator cannot see the load being handled. Communications shall be made by means of clear and distinct visual or auditory signals except that verbal signals shall not be permitted.
(12) Pallets, when used, shall be of such material and construction and so maintained as to safely support and carry the loads being handled on them.
(13) A section of hatch through which materials or equipment are being raised, lowered, moved, or otherwise shifted manually or by a crane, winch, hoist, or derrick, shall be completely opened. The beam or pontoon left in place adjacent to an opening shall be sufficiently lashed, locked or otherwise secured to prevent it from moving so that it cannot be displaced by accident.
(14) Hatches shall not be opened or closed while employees are in the square of the hatch below.
(15) Before loads or empty lifting gear are raised, lowered, or swung, clear and sufficient advance warning shall be given to employees in the vicinity of such operations.
(16) At no time shall an employee be permitted to place himself in hazardous position between a swinging load and a fixed object.
TABLE E-1
DIMENSIONS AND SPACING OF WOOD
INDEPENDENT-POLE SCAFFOLD MEMBERS
Light duty
(Up to 25 pounds
per square foot) Heavy duty
(25 to 75 pounds
per square foot)
Structural
Members Height in feet
Height in feet
< 24
>24<40
40<60
<24
>24<40
40<60
Poles or uprights (in
inches) . . . . . . . . . . . .
2x4
3x4
or
2x6
4x4
3x4
4x4
4x6
Bearers (in inches) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2x4 2x6 2x6 2x8 2x8 2x10
Ledgers (in inches) . . . . . . . . . . . . 2x6 2x6 2x6 2x8 2x8 2x8
Stringer (not support-
ing bearers) (in
inches) . . . . . . . . . . . .
1x6
1x6
1x6
1x6
1x6
1x6
Braces (in inches) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1x4 1x6 1x6 1x6 1x6 1x6
Pole spacing?longi-
tudinally (in feet) . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 1/2
7 1/2
7 1/2
7
7
7
Pole spacing?trans-
versely (in feet) . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 1/2 min
7 1/2 min
8 1/2 min
6 1/2
10
10
Ledger spacing?verti-
cally (in feet) . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
7
7
4 1/2
4 1/2
4 1/2
TABLE E-2
SPECIFICATIONS FOR SIDE RAILS OF LADDERS
Length
(in feet) Cross section
(in inches)
At ends
At center
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7/8 x 2 3/4 1 7/8 x 3 3/4
16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7/8 x 2 3/4 1 7/8 x 3 3/4
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7/8 x 3 1 7/8 x 4
18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7/8 x 3 1 7/8 x 4
20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7/8 x 3 1 7/8 x 4 1/2
24 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7/8 x 3 1 7/8 x 4 1/2
TABLE E-3
SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSES
Structural Height in feet
Members <10
>10<16 16<20
Inches Inches Inches
Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . 2x4 3x4 4x6
Bearers or headers 2x6 2x8 4x6
Crossbraces . . . . . . . . . . . . 2x4
or
1x8 2x4 2x6
Longitudinal braces . . . . . . . . . . . .
2x4 2x6 2x6
TABLE E-4
SAFE CENTER LOADS FOR SCAFFOLD PLANK
OF 1,100 POUNDS FIBRE STRESS
[Codification note: The graphic presentation of this table has been varied in order that it would fall within the printing specifications for the Washington Administrative Code. The following table had lumber dimensions in the table heading typed in vertically across the page while the remainder of the table was typed horizontally on the page. The "Span in Feet" materials (6 through 16) which ran top to bottom has been switched to run left to right on the page. The "Lumber dimensions in inches" which ran left to right on the page has been switched to run top to bottom on the page.]
Lumber Span in Feet
dimensions
in inches 6 8 10 12 14 16
A-2 x 10
B-1 5/8 x 9 1/2 256 192 153 128 110 ???
A-2 x 12
B-1 5/8 x 11 1/2 309 232 186 155 133 116
A-3 x 8
B-2 5/8 x 7 1/2 526 395 316 263 225 197
A-3 x 10
B-2 5/8 x 9 1/2 667 600 400 333 286 250
A-3 x 12
B-2 5/8 x 11 1/2 807 605 484 404 346 303
(A)?Rough lumber.
(B)?Dressed lumber.
TABLE G-1
MANILA ROPE
(in pounds or tons of 2000 pounds)
Cir-
cum-
fer-
ence Dia-
meter
in
Inches Single
Leg
???
60°
???
45°
???
30°
???
3/4 1/4 120 lbs. 204 lbs. 170 lbs. 120 lbs.
1 5/1 6 200 346 282 200
1-1/8 3/8 270 467 380 270
1-1/4 7/1 6 350 605 493 350
1-3/8 15/3 2 450 775 635 450
1-1/2 1/2 530 915 798 530
1-3/4 9/1 6 690 1190 973 690
2 5/8 880 1520 1240 880
2-1/4 3/4 1080 1870 1520 1080
2-1/2 13/1 6 1300 2250 1830 1300
2-3/4 7/8 1540 2660 2170 1540
3 1 1800 3120 2540 1800
3-1/4 1-1/1 6 1.0 tons 1.7 tons 1.4 tons 1.0 tons
3-1/2 1-1/8 1.2 2.1 1.7 1.2
3-3/4 1-1/4 1.3 5 2.3 1.9 1.3 5
4 1-5/1 6 1.5 2.6 2.1 1.5
4-1/2 1-1/2 1.8 3.1 2.5 1.8
5 1-5/8 2.2 5 3.9 3.2 2.2 5
5-1/2 1-3/4 2.6 4.5 3.7 2.6
6 2 3.1 5.4 4.4 3.1
6-1/2 2-1/8 3.6 6.2 5.1 3.6
TABLE G-2
RATED CAPACITIES FOR IMPROVED PLOW
STEEL, INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE,
WIRE ROPE AND WIRE ROPE SLINGS
(in tons of 2000 pounds)
SINGLE LEG
Rope Vertical Choker
Dia.
Inches A B C A B C
6X19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4" .5 9 .5 6 .5 3 .4 4 .4 2 .4 0
3/8" 1.3 1.2 1.1 .9 8 .9 3 .8 6
1/2" 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5
5/8" 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.2
3/4" 5.1 4.9 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.1
7/8" 6.9 6.6 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.1
1" 9.0 8.5 7.2 6.7 6.4 5.4
1-1/8" 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.5 7.8 6.8
6X37 CLASSIFICATION
1-1/4" 13. 12. 10. 9. 9 9. 2 7. 9
1-3/8" 16. 15. 13. 12. 11. 9. 6
1-1/2" 19. 17. 15. 14. 13. 11.
1-3/4" 26. 24. 20. 19. 18. 15.
2" 33. 30. 26. 25. 23. 20.
2-1/4" 41. 38. 33. 31. 29. 25.
(A) - Socket or swaged terminal attachment
(B) - Mechanical sleeve attachment.
(C) - Hand tucked splice attachment.
TABLE G-3
RATED CAPACITIES FOR
IMPROVED PLOW STEEL,
INDEPENDENT WIRE ROPE CORE,
WIRE ROPE SLINGS
(in tons of 2000 pounds)
[Codification note: The graphic presentation of this table has been varied slightly in order that it would fall within the printing specifications for the Washington Administrative Code. The following table was too wide to be accommodated in the width of the WAC column. The table as codified has been divided into two tables covering the "TWO?LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH" for 6x19 Classification and for 6x37 Classification. Part One has Rope Diameter in Inches for Vertical and 60° within the two classifications. Part Two has Rope Diameter in Inches for 45° and 30° within the two classifications.]
TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH
(TABLE G-3: Part 1--Vertical and 60° Positions)
Rope
Dia. Vertical 60°
Inches A B C A B C
6X19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4" 1. 2 1. 1 1. 0 1. 0 . 97 . 92
3/8" 2. 6 2. 5 2. 3 2. 3 2. 1 2. 0
1/2" 4. 6 4. 4 3. 9 4. 0 3. 8 3. 4
5/8" 7. 2 6. 8 6. 0 6. 2 5. 9 5. 2
3/4" 10. 9. 7 8. 4 8. 9 8. 4 7. 3
7/8" 14. 13. 11. 12. 11. 9. 6
1" 18. 17. 14. 15. 15. 12.
1-1/8" 23. 21. 18. 19. 18. 16.
6X37 CLASSIFICATION
1-1/4" 26. 24. 21. 23. 21. 18.
1-3/8" 32. 29. 25. 28. 25. 22.
1-1/2" 38. 35. 30. 33. 30. 26.
1-3/4" 51. 47. 41. 44. 41. 35.
2" 66. 61. 53. 57. 53. 46.
2-1/4" 83. 76. 66. 72. 66. 57.
TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH
(TABLE G-3: Part 2--45° and 30° Positions)
Rope
Dia. 45° 30°
Inches A B C A B C
6X19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4" . 83 . 79 . 75 . 59 . 56 . 53
3/8" 1. 8 1. 8 1. 6 1. 3 1. 2 1. 1
1/2" 3. 2 3. 1 2. 8 2. 3 2. 2 2. 0
5/8" 5. 1 4. 8 4. 2 3. 6 3. 4 3. 0
3/4" 7. 2 6. 9 5. 9 5. 1 4. 9 4. 2
7/8" 9. 8 9. 3 7. 8 6. 9 6. 6 5. 5
1" 13. 12. 10. 9. 0 8. 5 7. 2
1-1/8" 16. 15. 13. 11. 10. 9. 0
6X37 CLASSIFICATION
1-1/4" 19. 17. 15. 13. 12. 10.
1-3/8" 22. 21. 18. 16. 15. 13.
1-1/2" 27. 25. 21. 19. 17. 15.
1-3/4" 36. 33. 29. 26. 24. 20.
2" 47. 43. 37. 33. 30. 26.
2-1/4" 58. 54. 47. 41. 38. 33.
(A) - Socket or swaged terminal attachment.
(B) - Mechanical sleeve attachment.
(C) - Hand tucked splice attachment.
TABLE G-4
RATED CAPACITIES FOR
IMPROVED PLOW STEEL,
FIBER CORE, WIRE ROPE AND
WIRE ROPE SLINGS
(in tons of 2000 pounds)
SINGLE LEG
Rope
Dia. Vertical Choker
Inches A B C A B C
6X19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4 . 55 . 51 . 49 . 41 . 38 . 37
3/8 1. 2 1. 1 1. 1 . 91 . 85 . 80
1/2 2. 1 2. 0 1. 8 1. 6 1. 5 1. 4
5/8 3. 3 3. 1 2. 8 2. 5 2. 3 2. 1
3/4 4. 8 4. 4 3. 9 3. 6 3. 3 2. 9
7/8 6. 4 5. 9 5. 1 4. 8 4. 5 3. 9
1 8. 4 7. 7 6. 7 6. 3 5. 8 5. 0
1-1/8 10. 9. 5 8. 4 7. 9 7. 1 6. 3
6X37 CLASSIFICATION
1-1/4 12. 11. 9. 8 9. 2 8. 3 7. 4
1-3/8 15. 13. 12. 11. 10. 8. 9
1-1/2 17. 16. 14. 13. 12. 10.
1-3/4 24. 21. 19. 18. 16. 14.
2 31. 28. 25. 23. 21. 18.
(A) - Socket or swaged terminal attachment.
(B) - Mechanical sleeve attachment.
(C) - Hand tucked splice attachment.
TABLE G-5
RATED CAPACITIES FOR IMPROVED PLOW
STEEL, FIBER CORE, WIRE ROPE SLINGS
(in tons of 2000 pounds)
[Codification note: The graphic presentation of this table has been varied slightly in order that it would fall within the printing specifications for the Washington Administrative Code. The following table was too wide to be accommodated in the width of the WAC column. The table as codified has been divided into two tables covering the "TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH" for 6x19 Classification and for 6x37 Classification. Part One has Rope Diameter in Inches for Vertical and 60° within the two classifications. Part Two has Rope Diameter in Inches for 45° and 30° within the two classifications.]
TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH
(TABLE G-5: Part 1--Vertical and 60° Positions)
Rope
Dia. Vertical 60°
Inches A B C A B C
6X19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4 1. 1 1. 0 . 99 . 95 . 88 . 85
3/8 2. 4 2. 2 1. 9 2. 1 1. 9 1. 8
1/2 4. 3 3. 9 3. 7 3. 7 3. 4 3. 2
5/8 6. 7 6. 2 5. 6 5. 8 5. 3 4. 8
3/4 9. 5 8. 8 7. 8 8. 2 7. 6 6. 8
7/8 13. 12. 10. 11. 10. 8. 9
1 17. 15. 13. 14. 13. 11.
1-1/8 21. 19. 17. 18. 16. 14.
6X37 CLASSIFICATION
1-1/4 25. 22. 20. 21. 19. 17.
1-3/8 30. 27. 24. 26. 23. 20.
1-1/2 35. 23. 28. 30. 27. 24.
1-3/4 48. 43. 38. 41. 37. 33.
2 62. 55. 49. 53. 48. 43.
TWO - LEG BRIDLE OR BASKET HITCH
(TABLE G-5: Part 2--45° and 30° Positions)
Rope
Dia. 45° 30°
Inches A B C A B C
6X19 CLASSIFICATION
1/4 . 77 . 72 . 70 . 55 . 51 . 49
3/8 1. 7 1. 6 1. 5 1. 2 1. 1 1. 1
1/2 3. 0 2. 8 2. 6 2. 1 2. 0 1. 8
5/8 4. 7 4. 4 4. 0 3. 3 3. 1 2. 8
3/4 6. 7 6. 2 5. 5 4. 8 4. 4 3. 9
7/8 9. 1 8. 4 7. 3 6. 4 5. 9 5. 1
1 12. 11. 9. 4 8. 4 7. 7 6. 7
1-1/8 15. 13. 12. 10. 9. 5 8. 4
6X37 CLASSIFICATION
1-1/4 17. 16. 14. 12. 11. 9. 8
1-3/8 21. 19. 17. 15. 13. 12.
1-1/2 25. 22. 20. 17. 16. 14.
1-3/4 34. 30. 27. 24. 21. 19.
2 43. 39. 35. 31. 28. 25.
(A) - Socket or swaged terminal attachment.
(B) - Mechanical sleeve attachment.
(C) - Hand tucked splice attachment.
TABLE G-6
NUMBER AND SPACING OF U-BOLT WIRE
ROPE CLIPS
Number of Clips
Improved
plow
steel rope
diameter
inches
Drop
forged
Other
material
Minimum
spacing
(inches)
* . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...
1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 3
5/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 3 3/4
3/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 4 1/2
7/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 1/4
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 6
1 1/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 6 3/4
1 1/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 7 1/2
1 3/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 8 1/4
1 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8 9
*Three clips shall be used on wire size less than 1/2-inch diameter.
TABLE G-7
WROUGHT IRON CHAIN
(in pounds or tons of 2000 pounds)
Nominal
Size Single
Leg 60° 45° 30°
Chain
Stock
Inch
* 1/4 1060 1835 1500 1060
* 5/1 6 1655 2865 2340 1655
3/8 2385 2.1 3370 2385
* 7/1 6 3250 2.8 2.3 3250
1/2 12.1 13.7 13.0 12.1
* 9/1 6 12.7 14.6 13.8 12.7
5/8 13.3 15.7 14.7 13.3
3/4 14.8 18.3 16.7 14.8
7/8 16.5 11.2 19.2 16.5
1 18.5 14.7 12.0 18.5
1- 1/8 10.0 17.3 14.2 10.0
1- 1/4 12.4 21.4 17.5 12.4
1- 3/8 15.0 25.9 21.1 15.0
1- 1/2 17.8 30.8 25.2 17.8
1- 5/8 20.9 36.2 29.5 20.9
1- 3/4 24.2 42.0 34.3 24.2
1- 7/8 27.6 47.9 39.1 27.6
2 31.6 54.8 44.8 31.6
* These sizes of wrought iron chain are no longer manufactured in the United States.
TABLE G-8
ALLOY STEEL CHAIN
(in tons of 2000 pounds)
Nominal
Size Single
Leg 60° 45° 30°
Chain
Stock
Inch
1/4 1.62 2.82 2.27 1.62
3/8 3.30 5.70 4.65 3.30
1/2 5.62 9.75 7.90 5.62
5/8 8.25 14.25 11.65 8.25
3/4 11.5 19.9 16.2 11.5
7/8 14.3 24.9 20.3 14.3
1 19.3 33.4 27.3 19.8
1-1/8 22.2 38.5 31.5 22.2
1-1/4 28.7 49.7 40.5 28.7
1-3/8 33.5 58.0 47.0 33.5
1-1/2 39.7 68.5 56.0 39.7
1-5/8 42.5 73.5 59.5 42.5
1-3/4 47.0 81.5 62.0 47.0
TABLE G-9
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEAR AT
ANY POINT OF LINK
Chain size
in inches Maximum
allowable
wear in
fraction
of inches
1/4 (9/32) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/64
3/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/64
1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7/64
5/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9/64
3/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/32
7/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/64
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/16
1 1/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7/32
1 1/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4
1 3/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9/32
1 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/16
1 3/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/32
TABLE G-10
SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES
(in tons of 2,000 pounds)
Material
size
(inches) Pin
diameter
(inches) Safe
working
load
1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/8 1.4
5/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/4 2.2
3/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7/8 3.2
7/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4.3
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1/8 5.6
1 1/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1/4 6.7
1 1/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3/8 8.2
1 3/8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1/2 10.0
1 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5/8 11.9
1 3/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16.2
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1/4 21.2
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099, § 296-304-07011, filed 2/4/03, effective 8/1/03; Order 74-25, § 296-304-07011, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-07013
Qualifications of operators.
(1) When ship's gear is used to hoist materials aboard, a competent person shall determine that the gear is properly rigged, that it is in safe condition, and that it will not be overloaded by the size and weight of the lift.
(2) Only those employees who understand the signs, notices, and operating instructions, and are familiar with the signal code in use, shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch, or other power operated hoisting apparatus.
(3) No employee known to have defective uncorrected eyesight or hearing, or to be suffering from heart disease, epilepsy, or similar ailments which may suddenly incapacitate him, shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch or other power operated hoisting apparatus.
(4) No minor under eighteen years of age shall be employed in occupations involving the operation of any power-driven hoisting apparatus or assisting in such operations by work such as hooking on, loading slings, rigging gear, etc.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099, § 296-304-07013, filed 2/4/03, effective 8/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040,[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 98-02-006, § 296-304-07013, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Order 74-25, § 296-304-07013, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-080
Tools and related equipment — Scope and application.
All sections of this chapter which include WAC 296-304-080 in the section number apply to tools and related equipment.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-080, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-08001
General precautions.
(1) Hand lines, slings, tackles of adequate strength, or carriers such as tool bags with shoulder straps shall be provided and used to handle tools, materials, and equipment so that employees will have their hands free when using ship's ladders and access ladders. The use of hose or electric cords for this purpose is prohibited.
(2) When air tools of the reciprocating type are not in use, the discs and tools shall be removed.
(3) All portable, power-driven circular saws shall be equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to the covering position.
(4) The moving parts of machinery on dry docks shall be guarded.
(5) Before use, pneumatic tools shall be secured to the extension hose or whip by some positive means to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally disconnected from the whip.
(6) The moving parts of drive mechanisms, such as gearing and belting on large portable tools, shall be adequately guarded.
(7) Headers, manifolds, and widely spaced hose connections on compressed air lines shall bear the word "air" in letters at least 1 inch high, which shall be painted either on the manifolds or separate hose connections, or on signs permanently attached to the manifolds or connections. Grouped air connections may be marked in one location.
(8) Before use, compressed air hose shall be examined. Visibly damaged and unsafe hose shall not be used.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-04-099, § 296-304-08001, filed 2/4/03, effective 8/1/03; Order 76-7, § 296-304-08001, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-08001, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-08003
Portable electric tools.
(1) The frames of portable electric tools and appliances, except double insulated tools approved by Underwriters' Laboratories, shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of the current.
(2) Grounding circuits, other than by means of the structure of the vessel on which the tool is being used, shall be checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power conductor has resistance which is low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to cause the fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current.
(3) Portable electric tools which are held in the hand shall be equipped with switches of a type which must be manually held in the closed position.
(4) Worn or frayed electric cables shall not be used.
(5) The employer shall notify the officer in charge of the vessel before using electric power tools operated with the vessel's current.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-08003, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-08005
Hand tools.
(1) Employers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools.
(2) Wrenches, including crescent, pipe, end and socket wrenches, shall not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs.
(3) Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads.
(4) The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the tool.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-08005, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-08007
Abrasive wheels.
(1) Floor stand and bench mounted abrasive wheels used for external grinding shall be provided with safety guards (protection hoods). The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides shall be not more than 90 degrees, except that when work requires contact with the wheel below the horizontal plane of the spindle, the angular exposure shall not exceed 125 degrees. In either case the exposure shall begin not more than 65 degrees above the horizontal plane of the spindle. Safety guards shall be strong enough to withstand the effect of a bursting wheel.
(2) Floor and bench mounted grinders shall be provided with work rests which are rigidly supported and readily adjustable. Such work rests shall be kept a distance not to exceed 1/8 inch from the surface of the wheel.
(3) Cup type wheels use for external grinding shall be protected by either a revolving cup guard or a band type guard in accordance with the provisions of the United States of American Standard Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1.1970. All other portable abrasive wheels used for external grinding shall be provided with safety guards (protection hoods) meeting the requirements of (5) of this section, except as follows:
(a) When the work location makes it impossible, in which case a wheel equipped with safety flanges as described in (6) of this section shall be used.
(b) When wheels 2 inches or less in diameter which are securely mounted on the end of a steel mandrel are used.
(4) Portable abrasive wheels used for internal grinding shall be provided with safety flanges (protection flanges) meeting the requirements of (6) of this section, except as follows:
(a) When wheels 2 inches or less in diameter which are securely mounted on the end of a steel mandrel are used.
(b) If the wheel is entirely within the work being ground while in use.
(5) When safety guards are required, they shall be so mounted as to maintain proper alignment with the wheel, and the guard and its fastenings shall be of sufficient strength to retain fragments of the wheel in case of accidental breakage. The maximum angular exposure of the grinding wheel periphery and sides shall not exceed 180 degrees.
(6) When safety flanges are required, they shall be used only with wheels designed to fit the flanges. Only safety flanges of a type and design and properly assembled so as to insure that the pieces of the wheel will be retained in case of accidental breakage shall be used.
(7) All abrasive wheels shall be closely inspected and ring tested before mounting to ensure that they are free from cracks or defects.
(8) Grinding wheels shall fit freely on the spindle and shall not be forced on. The spindle nut shall be tightened only enough to hold the wheel in place.
(9) The power supply shall be sufficient to maintain the rated spindle speed under all conditions of normal grinding. The rated maximum speed of the wheel shall not be exceeded.
(10) The employer must ensure that all employees using abrasive wheels are protected by eye protection equipment that meets the requirements of WAC 296-304-09005 (1) and (2), except when adequate eye protection is provided by eye shields permanently attached to the bench or floor stand.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 98-02-006, § 296-304-08007, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Order 74-25, § 296-304-08007, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-08009
Powder-actuated fastening tools.
(1) The employer must ensure powder-actuated fastening tools are used, designed, constructed, and maintained according to the requirements of WAC 296-24-663, Safety requirements for powder-actuated fastening systems.
(2) The employer must ensure that employees using powder-actuated fastening tools are protected by personal protective equipment that meets the requirements of WAC 296-304-09005 (1) and (2). The employer must also meet the requirements of chapter 296-817 WAC, Hearing loss prevention (noise).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, and 49.17.060. 03-11-060, § 296-304-08009, filed 5/19/03, effective 8/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040,[49.17].050 and [49.17].060. 98-02-006, § 296-304-08009, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-006, § 296-304-08009, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/10/95; Order 76-7, § 296-304-08009, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-08009, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-08011
Internal combustion engines, other than ship's equipment.
(1) When internal combustion engines, furnished by the employer are used in a fixed position below decks, for such purposes as driving pumps, generators, and blowers, the exhaust shall be led to the open air, clear of any ventilation intakes and openings through which it might enter the vessel
(2) All exhaust line joints and connections shall be checked for tightness immediately upon starting the engine, and any leaks shall be corrected at once.
(3) When internal combustion engines on vehicles, such as forklifts and mobile cranes, or on portable equipment such as fans, generators, and pumps exhaust into the atmosphere below decks, the competent person shall make tests of the carbon monoxide content of the atmosphere as frequently as conditions require to ensure that dangerous concentrations do not develop. Employees shall be removed from the compartment involved when the carbon monoxide concentration exceeds 50 parts per million (0.005%). The employer shall use blowers sufficient in size and number and so arranged as to maintain the concentration below this allowable limit before work is resumed.
[Order 74-25, § 296-304-08011, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-090
Personal protective equipment (PPE) — General requirements.
The employer must provide and ensure that each affected employee uses the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the eyes, face, head, extremities, torso, and respiratory system, including protective clothing, protective shields, hearing protection, protective barriers, personal fall protection equipment, and life saving equipment, wherever the employee is exposed to hazards that require the use of PPE. The employer must furnish the personal protective equipment at no cost to employees if:
? The intended purpose is to protect against hazardous materials (the PPE may be contaminated by hazardous materials in the course of employment); or
? The PPE is of such a nature that it would not reasonably be worn outside the worksite.
The provision of personal protective equipment which may reasonably be worn outside of the workplace is subject to labor-management negotiations, but the employer must ensure that exposed employees are wearing the appropriate PPE.
Examples of PPE that must be provided at no cost to employees include but are not limited to:
? Boots worn to protect against chemicals;
? Nonprescription protective eye wear;
? Goggles to fit over prescription eye wear;
? Metatarsal protection;
? Full body harnesses and lanyards.
Examples of PPE that provision is subject to labor-management negotiation include but are not limited to:
? Leather boots with or without steel toes;
? Coats to protect against inclement weather;
? Prescription protective eye wear (except as part of a full facepiece or hooded respirator).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and[49.17].060 . 98-02-006, § 296-304-090, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Order 74-25, § 296-304-090, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-09001
Hazard assessment and equipment selection.
(1) The employer must assess its work activity to determine if hazards that require the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are present, or are likely to be present.
(a) If such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the employer must:
(i) Select, and require each affected employee to use, PPE that will protect the employee from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment;
(ii) Inform the affected employee what types of PPE to use;
(iii) Select PPE that properly fits the affected employee; and
(iv) Verify that the hazard assessment has been performed through a document that contains the following information:
? Work activity evaluated;
? Occupation;
? Date(s) of the hazard assessment; and
? The name of the person performing the hazard assessment.
Note: A hazard assessment conducted according to the trade or occupation of affected employees will be considered to comply with this requirement if it addresses all PPE - related hazards to which employees are exposed in the course of their work activities.
(2) The employer must ensure that employees do not use defective or damaged PPE.
(3) The employer must ensure that all unsanitary PPE, including all previously used PPE, is cleaned and disinfected before it is reissued.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and[49.17].060 . 98-02-006, § 296-304-09001, filed 12/26/97, effective 3/1/98; Order 76-7, § 296-304-09001, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-25, § 296-304-09001, filed 5/7/74.]
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296-304-09003
Training.
The employer must provide training to each employee for whom PPE is required by this section.
(1) Each employee whose work activities require the use of PPE must be trained to know at least the following:
(a) When PPE is necessary;
(b) What PPE is necessary;
(c) How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear PPE;
(d) The limitations of the PPE; and
(e) The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.
(2) The employer must ensure that each affected employee demonstrates the ability to use PPE properly before being allowed to perform work where its use is required.
(3) The employer must retrain any employee who does not understand or display the skills required by subsection (2) of this section. Circumstances where retraining is required include, but are not limited to, situations where:
(a) Changes in occupation or work make previous training obsolete; or
(b) Changes in the types of PPE to be used make previous training obsolete; or
(c) Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that theemployee has not retained the understanding or skill. (continued)