Loading (50 kb)...'
(continued) ce value for robin
Units: mg/kg - day
Value: chemical-specific (see Table 749-5)
Home range 0.6 Acres
Mammalian herbivore
Surrogate receptor: Vole (Microtus)
PPlant, vole Proportion of contaminated food (plants) in vole diet
Units: unitless
Value: 1.0
FIRVole,DW Food ingestion rate (dry weight basis)
Units: kg dry food/kg body weight - day
Value: 0.315
SIRVole,DW Soil ingestion rate (dry weight basis)
Units: kg dry soil/kg body weight - day
Value: 0.0079
RGAFSoil, vole Gut absorption factor for a hazardous substance in soil expressed relative to the gut absorption factor for the hazardous substance in food.
Units: unitless
Value: chemical-specific (see Table 749-5)
TVole Toxicity reference value for vole
Units: mg/kg - day
Value: chemical-specific (see Table 749-5)
Home range 0.08 Acres
Soil concentrations for wildlife protectionb
(1) Mammalian predator:
SCMP = (TShrew)/[(FIRShrew,DW x PSB (shrew) x BAFWorm) (SIRShrew,DW x RGAFSoil, shrew)]
(2) Avian predator:
SCAP = (TRobin)/[(FIRRobin,DW x PSB (Robin) x BAFWorm) (SIRRobin,DW x RGAFSoil, robin)]
(3) Mammalian herbivore:
SCMH = (TVole)/[(FIRVole,DW x PPlant, vole x KPlant) (SIRVole,DW x RGAFSoil, vole)]
Footnotes:
a Substitutions for default receptors may be made as provided for in WAC 173-340-7493(7). If a substitute species is used, the values for food and soil ingestion rates, and proportion of contaminated food in the diet, may be modified to reasonable maximum exposure estimates for the substitute species based on a literature search conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4).
Additional species may be added on a site-specific basis as provided in WAC 173-340-7493 (2)(a).
The department shall consider proposals for modifications to default values provided in this table based on new scientific information in accordance with WAC 173-340-702(14).
b Use the lowest of the three concentrations calculated as the wildlife value.
Table 749-5
Default Values for Selected Hazardous Substances for use with the Wildlife Exposure Model in Table 749-4.a
Toxicity reference value (mg/kg - d)
Hazardous Substance BAFWorm KPlant Shrew Vole Robin
METALS:
Arsenic III 1.16 0.06 1.89 1.15
Arsenic V 1.16 0.06 35 35 22
Barium 0.36 43.5 33.3
Cadmium 4.6 0.14 15 15 20
Chromium 0.49 35.2 29.6 5
Copper 0.88 0.020 44 33.6 61.7
Lead 0.69 0.0047 20 20 11.3
Manganese 0.29 624 477
Mercury, inorganic 1.32 0.0854 2.86 2.18 0.9
Mercury, organic 1.32 0.352 0.27 0.064
Molybdenum 0.48 1.01 3.09 2.36 35.3
Nickel 0.78 0.047 175.8 134.4 107
Selenium 10.5 0.0065 0.725 0.55 1
Zinc 3.19 0.095 703.3 537.4 131
PESTICIDES:
Aldrine 4.77 0.007b 2.198 1.68 0.06
Benzene hexachloride (including lindane) 10.1 7
Chlordane 17.8 0.011b 10.9 8.36 10.7
DDT/DDD/DDE 10.6 0.004b 8.79 6.72 0.87
Dieldrin 28.8 0.029b 0.44 0.34 4.37
Endrin 3.6 0.038b 1.094 0.836 0.1
Heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide 10.9 0.027b 2.857 2.18 0.48
Hexachlorobenzene 1.08 2.4
Pentachlorophenol 5.18 0.043b 5.275 4.03
OTHER CHLORINATED ORGANICS:
Chlorinated dibenzofurans 48 1.0E-05
Dioxins 48 0.005b 2.2E-05 1.7E-05 1.4E-04
PCB mixtures 4.58 0.087b 0.668 0.51 1.8
OTHER NONCHLORINATED ORGANICS:
Benzo(a)pyrene 0.43 0.011 1.19 0.91
Footnotes:
a For hazardous substances not shown in this table, use the following default values. Alternatively, use values established from a literature survey conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4) and approved by the department.
KPlant: Metals (including metalloid elements): 1.01
Organic chemicals: KPlant=10(1.588-(0.578log Kow)),
where log Kow is the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient.
BAFWorm: Metals (including metalloid elements): 4.6
Nonchlorinated organic chemicals:
log Kow < 5: 0.7
log Kow > 5: 0.9
Chlorinated organic chemicals:
log Kow < 5: 4.7
log Kow > 5: 11.8
RGAFSoil (all receptors): 1.0
Toxicity reference values (all receptors): Values established from a literature survey conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4).
Site-specific values may be substituted for default values, as described below:
KPlant Value from a literature survey conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4) or from empirical studies at the site.
BAFWorm Value from a literature survey conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4) or from empirical studies at the site.
RGAFSoil (all receptors): Value established from a literature survey conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4).
Toxicity reference values (all receptors): Default toxicity reference values provided in this table may be replaced by a value established from a literature survey conducted in accordance with WAC 173-340-7493(4).
b Calculated from log Kow using formula in footnote a.
Table 830-1
Required Testing for Petroleum Releases.
Gasoline Range Organics (GRO) (1) Diesel Range Organics (DRO) (2) Heavy Oils (DRO) (3) Mineral Oils (4) Waste Oils and Unknown Oils (5)
Volatile Petroleum Compounds
Benzene X (6) X (7) X (8)
Toluene X (6) X (7) X (8)
Ethyl benzene X (6) X (7) X (8)
Xylenes X (6) X (7) X (8)
n-Hexane X (9)
Fuel Additives and Blending Compounds
Dibromoethane, 1-2 (EDB); and Dichloroethane, 1-2 (EDC) X (10) X (8)
Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) X (11) X (8)
Total lead other additives X (12) X (8)
Other Petroleum Components
Carcinogenic PAHs X (13) X (13) X (8)
Naphthalenes X (14) X (14) X (14) X (14)
Other Compounds
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) X (15) X (15) X (8)
Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) X (8)
Other X (16) X (16) X (16) X (16) X (16)
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Methods
TPH Analytical Method for Total TPH (Method A Cleanup Levels) (17) NWTPH-Gx NWTPH-Dx NWTPH-Dx NWTPH-Dx NWTPH-Gx & NWTPH-Dx
TPH Analytical Methods for TPH fractions (Methods B or C) (17) VPH EPH EPH EPH VPH and EPH
Use of Table 830-1: An "X" in the box means that the testing requirement applies to ground water and soil if a release is known or suspected to have occurred to that medium, unless otherwise specified in the footnotes. A box with no "X" indicates (except in the last two rows) that, for the type of petroleum product release indicated in the top row, analyses for the hazardous substance(s) named in the far-left column corresponding to the empty box are not typically required as part of the testing for petroleum releases. However, such analyses may be required based on other site-specific information. Note that testing for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) is required for every type of petroleum release, as indicated in the bottom two rows of the table. The testing method for TPH depends on the type of petroleum product released and whether Method A or Method B or C is being used to determine TPH cleanup levels. See WAC 173-340-830 for analytical procedures. The footnotes to this table are important for understanding the specific analytical requirements for petroleum releases.
Footnotes:
(1) The following petroleum products are common examples of GRO: automotive and aviation gasolines, mineral spirits, stoddard solvents, and naphtha. To be in this range, 90 percent of the petroleum components need to be quantifiable using the NWTPH-Gx; if NWTPH-HCID results are used for this determination, then 90 percent of the "area under the TPH curve” must be quantifiable using NWTPH-Gx. Products such as jet fuel, diesel No. 1, kerosene, and heating oil may require analysis as both GRO and DRO depending on the range of petroleum components present (range can be measured by NWTPH-HCID). (See footnote 17 on analytical methods.)
(2) The following petroleum products are common examples of DRO: Diesel No. 2, fuel oil No. 2, light oil (including some bunker oils). To be in this range, 90 percent of the petroleum components need to be quantifiable using the NWTPH-Dx quantified against a diesel standard. Products such as jet fuel, diesel No. 1, kerosene, and heating oil may require analysis as both GRO and DRO depending on the range of petroleum components present as measured in NWTPH-HCID.
(3) The following petroleum products are common examples of the heavy oil group: Motor oils, lube oils, hydraulic fluids, etc. Heavier oils may require the addition of an appropriate oil range standard for quantification.
(4) Mineral oil means non-PCB mineral oil, typically used as an insulator and coolant in electrical devices such as transformers and capacitors.
(5) The waste oil category applies to waste oil, oily wastes, and unknown petroleum products and mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum substances. Analysis of other chemical components (such as solvents) than those listed may be required based on site-specific information. Mixtures of identifiable petroleum products (such as gasoline and diesel, or diesel and motor oil) may be analyzed based on the presence of the individual products, and need not be treated as waste and unknown oils.
(6) When using Method A, testing soil for benzene is required. Furthermore, testing ground water for BTEX is necessary when a petroleum release to ground water is known or suspected. If the ground water is tested and toluene, ethyl benzene or xylene is in the ground water above its respective Method A cleanup level, the soil must also be tested for that chemical. When using Method B or C, testing the soil for BTEX is required and testing for BTEX in ground water is required when a release to ground water is known or suspected.
(7)(a) For DRO releases from other than home heating oil systems, follow the instructions for GRO releases in Footnote (6).
(b) For DRO releases from typical home heating oil systems (systems of 1,100 gallons or less storing heating oil for residential consumptive use on the premises where stored), testing for BTEX is not usually required for either ground water or soil. Testing of the ground water is also not usually required for these systems; however, if the ground water is tested and benzene is found in the ground water, the soil must be tested for benzene.
(8) Testing is required in a sufficient number of samples to determine whether this chemical is present at concentrations of concern. If the chemical is found to be at levels below the applicable cleanup level, then no further analysis is required.
(9) Testing for n-hexane is required when VPH analysis is performed for Method B or C. In this case, the concentration of n-hexane should be deleted from its respective fraction to avoid double-counting its concentration. n-Hexane's contribution to overall toxicity is then evaluated using its own reference dose.
(10) Volatile fuel additives (such as dibromoethane, 1 - 2 (EDB) (CAS# 106-93-4) and dichloroethane, 1 - 2 (EDC) (CAS# 107-06-2)) must be part of a volatile organics analysis (VOA) of GRO contaminated ground water. If any is found in ground water, then the contaminated soil must also be tested for these chemicals.
(11) Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) (CAS# 1634-04-4) must be analyzed in GRO contaminated ground water. If any is found in ground water, then the contaminated soil must also be tested for MTBE.
(12)(a) For automotive gasoline where the release occurred prior to 1996 (when "leaded gasoline" was used), testing for lead is required unless it can be demonstrated that lead was not part of the release. If this demonstration cannot be made, testing is required in a sufficient number of samples to determine whether lead is present at concentrations of concern. Other additives and blending compounds of potential environmental significance may need to be considered for testing, including: tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA); tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME); ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE); ethanol; and methanol. Contact the department for additional testing recommendations regarding these and other additives and blending compounds.
(b) For aviation gasoline, racing fuels and similar products, testing is required for likely fuel additives (especially lead) and likely blending compounds, no matter when the release occurred.
(13) Testing for carcinogenic PAHs is required for DRO and heavy oils, except for the following products for which adequate information exists to indicate their absence: Diesel No. 1 and 2, home heating oil, kerosene, jet fuels, and electrical insulating mineral oils. The carcinogenic PAHs include benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene.
(14)(a) Except as noted in (b) and (c), testing for the noncarcinogenic PAHs, including the "naphthalenes" (naphthalene, 1-methyl-naphthalene, and 2-methyl-naphthalene) is not required when using Method A cleanup levels, because they are included in the TPH cleanup level.
(b) Testing of soil for naphthalenes is required under Methods B and C when the inhalation exposure pathway is evaluated.
(c) If naphthalenes are found in ground water, then the soil must also be tested for naphthalenes.
(15) Testing for PCBs is required unless it can be demonstrated that: (1) the release originated from an electrical device manufactured for use in the United States after July 1, 1979; (2) oil containing PCBs was never used in the equipment suspected as the source of the release (examples of equipment where PCBs are likely to be found include transformers, electric motors, hydraulic systems, heat transfer systems, electromagnets, compressors, capacitors, switches and miscellaneous other electrical devices); or, (3) the oil released was recently tested and did not contain PCBs.
(16) Testing for other possible chemical contaminants may be required based on site-specific information.
(17) The analytical methods NWTPH-Gx, NWTPH-Dx, NWTPH-HCID, VPH, and EPH are methods published by the department of ecology and available on the department's internet web site: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/tcp/cleanup.html.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105D RCW. 01-05-024 (Order 97-09A), § 173-340-900, filed 2/12/01, effective 8/15/01.]
Notes:
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency.