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glass products; fumigant
1,2-Dichloroethane Discharge from industrial chemical factories
1,1-Dichloroethylene Discharge from industrial chemical factories
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene Discharge from industrial chemical factories;
major biodegradation byproduct of TCE and PCE
groundwater contamination
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene Discharge from industrial chemical factories;
minor biodegradation byproduct of TCE and PCE
groundwater contamination
Dichloromethane Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical
factories; insecticide
1,2-Dichloropropane Discharge from industrial chemical factories;
primary component of some fumigants
1,3-Dichloropropene Runoff/leaching from nematocide used on
croplands
Ethylbenzene Discharge from petroleum refineries; industrial
chemical factories
Methyl-tert-butyl ether Leaking underground storage tanks; discharge
(MTBE) from petroleum and chemical factories.
Monochlorobenzene Discharge from industrial and agricultural
chemical factories and drycleaning facilities
Styrene Discharge from rubber and plastic factories;
leaching from landfills
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Discharge from industrial and agricultural
chemical factories; solvent used in production of
TCE, pesticides, varnish and lacquers
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Discharge from factories, dry cleaners, and auto
shops (metal degreaser)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Discharge from textile-finishing factories
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories; manufacture of food wrappings
1,1,2-Trichloroethane Discharge from industrial chemical factories
Trichloroethylene (TCE) Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
factories
TTHMs [total By-product of drinking water chlorination
trihalomethanes]
Toluene Discharge from petroleum and chemical
factories; underground gas tank leaks
Trichlorofluoromethane Discharge from industrial factories; degreasing
solvent; propellant and refrigerant
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2- Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
Trifluoroethane factories; drycleaning solvent; refrigerant
Vinyl chloride Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from
plastics factories; biodegradation byproduct of
TCE and PCE groundwater contamination
Xylenes Discharge from petroleum and chemical
factories; fuel solvent
Appendix 64481-B. Typical Origins of Contaminants with Secondary MCLs
Contaminant Major origins in drinking water
Aluminum Erosion of natural deposits; residual from some
surface water treatment processes
Color Naturally-occurring organic materials
Corrosivity Natural or industrially-influenced balance of
hydrogen, carbon and oxygen in the water;
affected by temperature and other factors.
Foaming Agents (MBAS) Municipal and industrial waste discharges
Iron Leaching from natural deposits; industrial wastes
Manganese Leaching from natural deposits
Methyl-tert-butyl ether Leaking underground storage tanks; discharge
(MTBE) from petroleum and chemical factories;
Odor -Threshold Naturally-occurring organic materials
Silver Industrial discharges
Thiobencarb Runoff/leaching from rice herbicide
Turbidity Soil runoff
Zinc Runoff/leaching from natural deposits; industrial
wastes
Total dissolved solids Runoff/leaching from natural deposits
Specific conductance Substances that form ions when in water;
seawater influence
Chloride Runoff/leaching from natural deposits; seawater
influence
Sulfate Runoff/leaching from natural deposits; industrial
wastes
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116350 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116275 and 116470, Health and Safety Code.
s 64482. Required Additional Health Information.
(a) A system that detects arsenic at levels above 25 ug/L, but below the MCL, shall include the following in its Consumer Confidence Report: "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing the drinking water standard for arsenic because of special concerns that the standard may not be stringent enough. Arsenic is a naturally-occurring mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations."
(b) A system that detects nitrate at levels above 23 mg/L (as nitrate), but below the MCL, shall include the following in its Consumer Confidence Report: "Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 45 mg/L is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. Such nitrate levels in drinking water can interfere with the capacity of the infant's blood to carry oxygen, resulting in a serious illness; symptoms include shortness of breath and blueness of the skin. Nitrate levels above 45 mg/L may also affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen in other individuals, such as pregnant women and those with certain specific enzyme deficiencies. If you are caring for an infant, or you are pregnant, you should ask advice from your health care provider. If a system cannot demonstrate to the Department with at least five years of the most current monitoring data that its nitrate levels are stable, it shall also add the following language to the preceding statement on nitrate: "Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity."
(c) A system that detects lead above the action level in more than 5%, and up to and including 10%, of sites sampled, shall include the following in its Consumer Confidence Report: "Infants and young children are typically more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the general population. It is possible that lead levels at your home may be higher than at other homes in the community as a result of materials used in your home's plumbing. If you are concerned about elevated lead levels in your home's water, you may wish to have your water tested and/or flush your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using tap water. Additional information is available from the USEPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791)."
(d) A community water system serving 10,000 or more people that has a running annual average for total trihalomethanes compliance determined pursuant to section 64439 that exceeds 0.080 mg/L, but does not exceed the total trihalomethanes MCL, shall include the health effects language in Appendix 64465-G in its Consumer Confidence Report.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116350 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116275 and 116470, Health and Safety Code.
s 64483. Consumer Confidence Report Delivery and Recordkeeping.
(a) Each water system shall mail or directly deliver one copy of the Consumer Confidence Report to each customer.
(b) The system shall make a good faith effort to reach consumers who are served by the water system but are not bill-paying customers, such as renters or workers, using a mix of methods appropriate to the particular system such as: Posting the Consumer Confidence Reports on the Internet; mailing to postal patrons in metropolitan areas; advertising the availability of the Consumer Confidence Report in the news media; publication in a local newspaper; posting in public places such as cafeterias or lunch rooms of public buildings; delivery of multiple copies for distribution by single-biller customers such as apartment buildings or large private employers; and delivery to community organizations.
(c) No later than the date the water system is required to distribute the Consumer Confidence Report to its customers, each water system shall mail a copy of the report to the Department, followed within 3 months by a certification that the report has been distributed to customers, and that the information is correct and consistent with the compliance monitoring data previously submitted to the Department.
(d) No later than the date the water system is required to distribute the Consumer Confidence Report to its customers, each privately-owned water system shall mail a copy of the report to the California Public Utilities Commission.
(e) Each water system shall make its Consumer Confidence Report available to the public upon request.
(f) Each water system serving 100,000 or more persons shall post its current year's Consumer Confidence Report on a publicly-accessible site on the Internet.
(g) Each water system shall retain copies of its Consumer Confidence Reports for no less than 3 years.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116350 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116275 and 116470, Health and Safety Code.
s 64530. Applicability of this Chapter.
(a) Community water systems and nontransient, noncommunity water systems that treat their water with a chemical disinfectant in any part of the treatment process or which provide water that contains a chemical disinfectant shall comply with the requirements of this chapter beginning on the dates specified in paragraphs (1) or (2).
(1) Systems using approved surface water and serving 10,000 or more persons shall comply beginning January 1, 2002.
(2) Systems using approved surface water and serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water shall comply beginning January 1, 2004.
(b) Transient noncommunity water systems using chlorine dioxide shall comply with the requirements for chlorine dioxide in this chapter beginning on the dates specified in paragraphs (1) or (2).
(1) Systems using approved surface water and serving 10,000 or more persons shall comply beginning January 1, 2002.
(2) Systems using approved surface water and serving fewer than 10,000 persons and systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water shall comply beginning January 1, 2004.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Section 116350, Health and Safety Code.
s 64531. Definitions Governing Terms Used in this Chapter.
The definitions in sections 64400 through 64402.20 of chapter 15 and sections 64651.10 through 64651.93 of chapter 17 shall govern the interpretation of terms used in this chapter.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116275 and 116350, Health and Safety Code.
s 64533. Maximum Contaminant Levels for Disinfection Byproducts.
(a) Using the monitoring and calculation methods specified in sections 64534, 64534.2, 64535, and 64535.2, the primary MCLs for the disinfection byproducts shown in table 64533-A shall not be exceeded in drinking water supplied to the public.
Table 64533-A
Maximum Contaminant Levels and Detection Limits for Purposes of Reporting
Disinfection Byproducts
Disinfection Byproduct Maximum Detection Limit for
Contaminant Purposes of Reporting
Level ( mg/L) (mg/L)
Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) 0.080
Bromodichloromethane 0.0005
Bromoform 0.0005
Chloroform 0.0005
Dibromochloromethane 0.0005
Haloacetic acids (five) (HAA5) 0.060
Monochloroacetic Acid 0.002
Dichloroacetic Acid 0.001
Trichloroacetic Acid 0.001
Monobromoacetic Acid 0.001
Dibromoacetic Acid 0.001
Bromate 0.010 0.005
Chlorite 1.0 0.02
(b) A system installing GAC, membranes, or other technology to limit disinfectant byproducts to comply with this section may apply to the Department for an extension up to December 31, 2003. Applications for extensions shall include the results of disinfection byproduct monitoring, a description of the technology being installed and how it is expected to affect future disinfection byproduct levels, and a proposed schedule for compliance. If granted an extension, a system shall meet the schedule and interim treatment and monitoring requirements established by the Department.
(c) The best technology, treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for disinfection byproducts are identified in table 64533-B.
Table 64533-B
Best Available Technology Disinfection Byproducts
Disinfection Byproduct Best Available Technology
TTHM and HAA5 Enhanced coagulation or enhanced
softening or GAC10, with chlorine as the
primary and residual disinfectant
Bromate Control of ozone treatment process to reduce
production of bromate
Chlorite Control of treatment processes to reduce
disinfectant demand and control of
disinfection treatment processes to reduce
disinfectant levels
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116365 and 116370, Health and Safety Code.
s 64533.5. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels.
(a) Using the monitoring and calculation methods specified in sections 64534, 64534.4, 64535, and 64535.4, the MRDLs for the disinfectants shown in table 64533.5-A shall not be exceeded in drinking water supplied to the public.
Table 64533.5-A
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
Disinfectant Residual MRDL (mg/L)
Chlorine 4.0 (as Cl 2)
Chloramines 4.0 (as Cl 2)
Chlorine dioxide 0.8 (as ClO 2)
(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), systems may increase residual disinfectant levels of chlorine or chloramines (but not chlorine dioxide) in the distribution system in excess of the levels specified in table 64533.5-A in order to protect public health, to address specific microbiological contamination problems caused by circumstances such as, but not limited to, distribution line breaks, storm run-off events, source water contamination events, natural disasters, or cross-connection events. In such circumstances, systems shall immediately notify the Department of the source and cause of contamination, the levels of residual disinfectant, other actions being taken to correct the problem, and the expected duration of the exceedance.
(c) The best technologies, treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum residual disinfectant levels in this section are control of treatment processes to reduce disinfectant demand and control of disinfection treatment processes to reduce disinfectant levels.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116365 and 116370, Health and Safety Code.
s 64534. General Monitoring Requirements.
(a) Analyses required pursuant to this chapter shall be performed by laboratories certified to perform those analyses by the Department, pursuant to section 116390, Health and Safety Code. Analyses shall be made in accordance with EPA approved methods as prescribed in Section 141.131 of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as published in the December 16, 1998, Federal Register (Vol. 63, No. 241) and revised in the January 16, 2001, Federal Register (Vol. 66, No. 10).
(b) Sample collection, and field tests including pH, alkalinity, and chlorine, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide residual disinfectants, shall be performed by a water treatment or distribution operator certified by the Department pursuant to section 106875 of the Health and Safety Code or by personnel trained to collect samples and/or perform these tests by the Department, a certified laboratory, or a certified operator.
(c) Systems shall take all samples during normal operating conditions, which exclude those circumstances covered under section 64533.5(b).
(d) A system may apply to the Department for approval to consider multiple wells drawing water from a single aquifer as one treatment plant for determining the minimum number of TTHM and HAA5 samples required. In order to qualify for this reduction in monitoring requirements a system shall demonstrate to the Department that the multiple wells produce water from the same aquifer. To make this demonstration, a system shall submit information to the Department regarding the location, depth, construction, and geologic features of each well, and water quality information for each well. The Department will use this information to determine whether the wells produce water from a single aquifer.
(e) Systems shall use only data collected under the provisions of this chapter or 40 CFR Part 141 Subpart M (Information Collection Rule), as published in the May 14, 1996 Federal Register (Vol. 61, No. 94), to qualify for reduced monitoring pursuant to this article.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64534.2. Disinfection Byproducts Monitoring.
(a) Community and nontransient noncommunity water systems shall monitor for TTHM and HAA5 at the frequencies and locations indicated in table 64534.2-A.
Table 64534.2-A
Routine and Increased Monitoring Frequency for TTHM and HAA5
1 If a system elects to sample more frequently than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples collected each quarter (including those taken in excess of the required frequency) shall be taken at locations that represent the maximum residence time of the water in the distribution system. The remaining samples shall be taken at locations representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system. If a system elects to sample more frequently than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples collected each quarter (including those taken in excess of the required frequency) shall be taken at locations that represent the maximum residence time of the water in the distribution system. The remaining samples shall be taken at locations representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system.If a system elects to sample more frequently than the minimum required, at least 25 percent of all samples collected each quarter (including those taken in excess of the required frequency) shall be taken at locations that represent the maximum residence time of the water in the distribution system. The remaining samples shall be taken at locations representative of at least average residence time in the distribution system.
(1) Systems may apply to the Department to monitor at a reduced frequency in accordance with table 64534.2-B. The application shall include the results of all TOC, TTHM, and HAA5 monitoring conducted in the previous 12 months and the proposed revised monitoring plan as required by section 64534.8. The Department will evaluate data submitted with the application to determine whether or not the system is eligible for the reduced monitoring specified in table 64534.2-B.
Table 64534.2-B
Reduced Monitoring Frequency for TTHM and HAA5
1 TOC, TTHM, and HAA5 values based on annual averages.
(2) Systems on reduced monitoring shall resume monitoring at the frequency specified in column C of table 64534.2-A in the quarter immediately following the quarter in which the system exceeds 0.060 mg/L for the TTHM annual average or 0.045 mg/L for the HAA5 annual average. For systems using only ground water not under the direct influence of surface water and serving fewer than 10,000 persons or systems using approved surface water and serving fewer than 500 persons, if either the TTHM annual average is >0.080 mg/L or the HAA5 annual average is >0.060 mg/L, the system shall go to increased monitoring identified in column D of table 64534.2-A in the quarter immediately following the quarter in which the system exceeds 0.080 mg/L or 0.060 mg/L for the TTHM and HAA5 annual averages, respectively.
(3) Systems on increased monitoring pursuant to column D of table 64534.2-A may return to routine monitoring specified in column C of table 64534.2-A if, after at least one year of monitoring, TTHM annual average is <0.060 mg/L and HAA5 annual average is <0.045 mg/L.
(b) Community and nontransient noncommunity water systems using chlorine dioxide shall conduct monitoring for chlorite as follows:
(1) Systems shall take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the chlorite MCL, the system shall take three additional chlorite distribution system samples the following day (in addition to the daily sample required at the entrance to the distribution system) at these locations: As close to the first customer as possible, at a location representative of average residence time, and at a location reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system.
(2) Systems shall take a three-sample set each month in the distribution system. The system shall take one sample at each of the following locations: As close to the first customer as possible, at a location representative of average residence time, and at a location reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system. Any additional routine sampling shall be conducted in the same manner (as three-sample sets, at the specified locations). The system may use the results of additional monitoring conducted under paragraph (1) to meet the monitoring requirement in this paragraph.
(3) Systems may apply to the Department to reduce monthly chlorite monitoring in the distribution system pursuant to paragraph (2) to one three-sample set per quarter after one year of monitoring during which no individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution system has exceeded the chlorite MCL and the system has not been required to conduct additional monitoring under paragraph (1). The application shall include the results of all chlorite monitoring conducted in the previous 12 months and the proposed revised monitoring plan as required by section 64534.8. The Department will evaluate data submitted with the application and determine whether or not the system is eligible to reduce monitoring to one three-sample set per quarter. The system may remain on the reduced monitoring schedule until either any of the three individual chlorite samples taken quarterly in the distribution system under paragraph (2) exceeds the chlorite MCL or the system is required to conduct additional monitoring under paragraph (1), at which time the system shall revert to routine monitoring.
(c) Community and nontransient noncommunity systems using ozone shall monitor for bromate as follows:
(1) Systems shall take one sample per month for each treatment plant in the system using ozone. Samples shall be taken at the entrance to the distribution system while the ozonation system is operating under normal conditions.
(2) Systems may reduce bromate monitoring from monthly to once per quarter, if the average source water bromide concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L based upon representative monthly bromide measurements for one year. The system shall continue monthly bromide monitoring of the source water to remain on reduced bromate monitoring. If the running annual average source water bromide concentration, computed quarterly, is equal to or greater than 0.05 mg/L based upon representative monthly measurements, the system shall resume routine bromate monitoring pursuant to paragraph (1).
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64534.4. Disinfectant Residuals Monitoring.
(a) Community and nontransient noncommunity water systems that use chlorine or chloramines shall measure the residual disinfectant levels at the same points in the distribution system and at the same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified in section 64421. Systems using approved surface water may use the results of residual disinfectant concentration sampling conducted under section 64656, in lieu of taking separate samples.
(b) Public water systems that use chlorine dioxide shall monitor for chlorine dioxide daily at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the MRDL, the system shall take three chlorine dioxide distribution system samples the following day as follows:
(1) If chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system, or if chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are no disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e., no booster chlorination), the system shall take three samples as close to the first customer as possible, at intervals of at least six hours.
(2) If chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are one or more disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system (i.e., booster chlorination), the system shall take one sample at each of the following locations: As close to the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average residence time, and as close to the furthest customer as possible (reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system).
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64534.6. Disinfection Byproduct Precursors (DBPP) Monitoring.
(a) Systems that use approved surface water and conventional filtration treatment (as defined in section 64651.23) shall take one paired TOC sample (source water and treated water) and one source water alkalinity sample per month per treatment plant at a time representative of normal operating conditions and influent water quality. TOC and alkalinity in the source water shall be monitored prior to any treatment and at the same time as TOC monitoring in the treated water. TOC in the treated water shall be monitored no later than the point of combined filter effluent turbidity monitoring and shall be representative of the treated water.
(b) Systems using approved surface water with an annual average treated water TOC of less than 2.0 mg/L for two consecutive years, or less than 1.0 mg/L for one year, may reduce monitoring for both TOC and alkalinity to one paired sample and one source water alkalinity sample per plant per quarter. The system shall revert to monitoring pursuant to subsection (a) in the first month following the quarter that the annual average treated water TOC is equal to or greater than 2.0 mg/L.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64534.8. Monitoring Plans.
Each system shall develop and submit to the Department a monitoring plan. The system shall implement the plan after Department review and approval. The system shall maintain the plan and make it available for inspection by the general public no later than 30 days following the applicable compliance date in section 64530(a) or (b). The Department will evaluate the plan based on the following required elements:
(a) Specific locations and schedules for collecting samples for any parameters included in this chapter, including seasonal variations if applicable.
(b) How the system will calculate compliance with MCLs, MRDLs, and treatment techniques.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385, 116530 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64535. General Requirements for Determining Compliance.
(a) All samples taken and analyzed in accordance with section 64534.8 shall be included in determining compliance, pursuant to sections 64535.2, 64535.4, and 64536.4.
(b) For violations of the MCLs in section 64533 or MRDLs in section 64533.5 that may pose an acute risk to human health, notification shall be pursuant to section 64465.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116450 and 116460, Health and Safety Code.
s 64535.2. Determining Disinfection Byproducts Compliance.
(a) During the first year of monitoring for disinfection byproducts under section 64534.2 the system shall comply with the following:
(1) The average of the first quarter's results shall not exceed four times the MCLs specified in section 64533.
(2) The average of the first and second quarter's results shall not exceed two times the MCLs specified in section 64533.
(3) The average of the first, second, and third quarter's results shall not exceed 1.33 times the MCLs specified in section 64533.
(b) TTHM and HAA5 MCL compliance is determined as follows:
(1) For systems monitoring quarterly, the running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of quarterly arithmetic averages of all samples collected pursuant to section 64534.2(a) shall not exceed the MCLs specified in section 64533.
(2) For systems monitoring less frequently than quarterly, the average of samples collected that calendar year pursuant to section 64534.2(a) shall not exceed the MCLs specified in section 64533. If the average of the samples collected under section 64534.2(a) exceeds the MCL, the system shall increase monitoring to once per quarter per treatment plant. Compliance with the MCL shall then be determined by the average of the sample that triggered the quarterly monitoring and the following three quarters of monitoring, unless the result of fewer than four quarters of monitoring will cause the running annual average to exceed the MCL, in which case the system is in violation at the end of that quarter. After monitoring quarterly for four consecutive quarters (including the quarter that triggered the quarterly monitoring), and until such time as monitoring returns to routine monitoring pursuant to section 64534.2(a)(3), compliance shall be determined pursuant to paragraph (1).
(3) If the running annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and shall notify the public pursuant to sections 64464.3 and 64467, including language in section 64468.5, in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6.
(4) If a public water system fails to complete four consecutive quarters of monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance period shall be based on an average of the available data.
(c) Compliance for bromate shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly samples (or, for months in which the system takes more than one sample, the average of all samples taken during the month) collected by the system as prescribed by section 64534.2(c). If the average of samples covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and shall notify the public pursuant to sections 64464.3 and 64467, including language in section 64468.5, in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6. If a public water system fails to complete 12 consecutive months of monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last four-quarter compliance period shall be based on an average of the available data.
(d) Compliance for chlorite shall be based on an arithmetic average of each three-sample set taken in the distribution system as prescribed by sections 64534.2(b)(1), (2) and (3). If the arithmetic average of any three-sample set exceeds the MCL, the system is in violation of the MCL and shall notify the public pursuant to sections 64464.3 and 64467, including language in section 64468.5, in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116450 and 116460, Health and Safety Code.
s 64535.4. Determining Disinfectant Residuals Compliance.
(a) During the first year of monitoring for disinfection residuals under section 64534.4 the system shall comply with the following:
(1) The average of the first quarter's results shall not exceed four times the MRDLs specified in section 64533.5.
(2) The average of the first and second quarter's results shall not exceed two times the MRDLs specified in section 64533.5.
(3) The average of the first, second, and third quarter's results shall not exceed 1.33 times the MRDLs specified in section 64533.5.
(b) Chlorine and chloramines MRDL compliance is determined as follows:
(1) Compliance shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected by the system under section 64534.4(a). If the average covering any consecutive four-quarter period exceeds the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall notify the public pursuant to sections 64464.3 and 64467, including language in section 64468.5, in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6.
(2) In cases where systems switch between the use of chlorine and chloramines for residual disinfection during the year, compliance shall be determined by including together all monitoring results of both chlorine and chloramines. Reports submitted pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6 shall clearly indicate which residual disinfectant was analyzed for each sample.
(c) Compliance for chlorine dioxide shall be based on consecutive daily samples collected by the system under section 64534.4(b).
(1) If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL, and one (or more) of the three samples taken in the distribution system exceed the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall take immediate corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below the MRDL. The system shall notify the Department within 48 hours of the determination, notify the public pursuant to the procedures for acute health risks in section 64465, including language in section 64468.5(c), in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6. Failure to take samples in the distribution system the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is also an MRDL violation and the system shall notify the public pursuant to the procedures for acute health risks in section 64465, including language in section 64468.5(c), in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6.
(2) If any two consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceed the MRDL and all distribution system samples taken are below the MRDL, the system is in violation of the MRDL and shall take corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below the MRDL at the point of sampling. The system shall notify the public pursuant to the procedures for nonacute health risks in section 64464.3, including language in section 64468.5(c), in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6. Failure to monitor at the entrance to the distribution system the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at this site is also an MRDL violation and the system shall notify the public pursuant to the procedures for nonacute health risks in section 64464.3, including language in section 64468.5(c), in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116450 and 116460, Health and Safety Code.
s 64536. Alternative Compliance Criteria to the Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Softening Performance Requirements.
(a) Systems using approved surface water and conventional filtration treatment shall meet any one of the alternative compliance criteria in paragraphs (1) through (6) to comply with this article or comply with the requirements of section 64536.2. Systems that meet one of the criteria in paragraphs (1) through (6) shall still comply with monitoring requirements in section 64534.6.
(1) The system's source water TOC level is less than 2.0 mg/L, calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
(2) The system's treated water TOC level is less than 2.0 mg/L, calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
(3) The system's source water TOC level is less than 4.0 mg/L, calculated quarterly as a running annual average; the source water alkalinity is greater than 60 mg/L (as CaCO 3), calculated quarterly as a running annual average; and either
(A) The TTHM and HAA5 running annual averages are no greater than 0.040 mg/L and 0.030 mg/L, respectively; or
(B) Prior to the applicable compliance date in section 64530(a) or (b), the system has applied to the Department for the approval of, and committed funds to the installation of, technologies that will limit the levels of TTHM and HAA5 to no more than 0.040 mg/L and 0.030 mg/L, respectively. The application to the Department shall include a description of the technology to be installed, evidence of a commitment to complete the installation, such as a signed contract, bid solicitation, or approved bond measure, and a schedule containing milestones and periodic progress reports for installation and operation of the technology. These technologies shall be installed and operating not later than June 30, 2005.
(4) The TTHM and HAA5 running annual averages are no greater than 0.040 mg/L and 0.030 mg/L, respectively, and the system uses only chlorine for primary disinfection and maintenance of a residual in the distribution system.
(5) The system's source water SUVA, prior to any treatment and measured monthly, is less than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m, calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
(6) The system's finished water SUVA, measured monthly, is less than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m, calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
(b) Systems using approved surface water and conventional filtration treatment and practicing softening that cannot achieve the TOC removal required by section 64536.2(a) shall meet any one of the criteria in paragraphs (1) through (2) below or any one of the criteria in section 64536(a), paragraphs (1) through (6) to comply with this article. Systems that meet one of the criteria in paragraphs (1) through (2) below or one of the criteria in section 64536(a), paragraphs (1) through (6) shall still comply with the monitoring requirements in section 64534.6.
(1) Softening that results in lowering the treated water alkalinity to less than 60 mg/L (as CaCO 3), measured monthly and calculated quarterly as a running annual average; or
(2) Softening that results in removing at least 10 mg/L of magnesium hardness (as CaCO 3), measured monthly and calculated quarterly as an annual running average.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325, 116370 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64536.2. Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Softening Performance Requirements.
(a) Systems using approved surface water and conventional filtration treatment (as defined in section 64651.23) shall operate with enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening to achieve the TOC percent removal levels specified in this section, unless the system meets at least one of the alternative compliance criteria listed in section 64536(a) or (b).
(b) Systems shall achieve the Step 1 percent reduction of TOC specified in table 64536.2-A between the source water and the combined filter effluent, unless the Department approves a system's request for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements under subsection (c). Systems practicing softening shall meet the Step 1 TOC removals in the far-right column (Source water alkalinity >120 mg/L) of table 64536.2-A for the specified source water TOC:
Table 64536.2-A
Step 1 Required Removal of TOC by Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Softening
Systems Using Conventional Treatment 1, 2
Required Removal of TOC
Source-Water Source-Water Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3
TOC,mg/L 0-60 >60-120 >120%
>2.0-4.0 35.0% 25.0% 15.0%
>4.0-8.0 45.0% 35.0% 25.0%
>8.0 50.0% 40.0% 30.0%
1 Systems that meet one of the criteria in section 64536(a), paragraphs (1) through (6) do not have to operate with enhanced coagulation.
2 Softening systems that meet one of the criteria in section 64536(b), paragraphs (1) through (2) do not have to operate with enhanced softening.
(c) Systems using approved surface water and conventional treatment that cannot achieve the Step 1 TOC removals required by subsection (b) due to water quality parameters or operational constraints shall apply to the Department, within three months of failure to achieve the TOC removals required by subsection (b), for approval of Step 2 removal requirements. If the Department approves the Step 2 removal requirements pursuant to subsection (d), and the system conducted monthly TOC monitoring beginning one year prior to the compliance date specified in section 64530, the Step 2 removal requirements will be retroactive to the compliance date for the purposes of determining compliance.
(d) Applications made to the Department by systems using enhanced coagulation for approval of Step 2 removal requirements under subsection (c) shall include, as a minimum, results of bench-scale or pilot-scale testing conducted under paragraph (1) of this subsection that were used to determine the alternate enhanced coagulation level.
(1) Alternate enhanced coagulation level is defined as coagulation at a coagulant dose and pH as determined by the method described in paragraphs (1) through (4) such that an incremental addition of 10 mg/L of alum (or equivalent addition of iron coagulant) results in a TOC removal of <0.3 mg/L. The percent removal of TOC at this point on the "TOC removal versus coagulant dose" curve is then defined as the Step 2 removal requirement for the system. Once approved by the Department, this Step 2 removal requirement supersedes the minimum TOC removal required by subsection 64536.2(b). This requirement shall be effective until such time as the Department approves a new value based on the results of a new bench-scale or pilot-scale test.
(2) Bench-scale or pilot-scale testing of enhanced coagulation shall be conducted by using representative water samples and adding 10 mg/L increments of alum (or equivalent addition of iron coagulant) until the pH is reduced to a level less than or equal to the enhanced coagulation Step 2 target pH shown in table 64536.2-B.
Table 64536.2-B
Enhanced Coagulation Step 2 Target pH
Alkalinity
mg/L as CaCO3 Target pH
0-60 5.5
>60-120 6.3
>120-240 7.0
>240 7.5
(3) For waters with alkalinities of less than 60 mg/L for which the addition of small amounts of alum (or equivalent addition of iron coagulant) drives the pH below 5.5 before significant TOC removal occurs, the system shall add necessary chemicals to maintain the pH between 5.3 and 5.7 in samples until the TOC removal of 0.3 mg/L per 10 mg/L alum added (or equivalent addition of iron coagulant) is reached.
(4) If the TOC removal is consistently less than 0.3 mg/L of TOC per 10 mg/L of incremental alum dose at all dosages of alum (or equivalent addition of iron coagulant), the system is eligible to apply for a waiver of enhanced coagulation requirements. The application shall include, as a minimum, the results of bench-scale or pilot-scale testing conducted under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325, 116370 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64536.4. Disinfection Byproduct Precursor Compliance Calculations.
(a) Systems not meeting any of the criteria identified in sections 64536(a) or (b) shall comply with requirements contained in sections 64536.2(a) or (b) and shall calculate compliance quarterly, beginning after the system has collected 12 months of data, by determining an annual average using the following method:
(1) Determine actual monthly TOC percent removal, equal to:
(1 - [treated water TOC/source water TOC]) x 100.
(2) Determine the required monthly TOC percent removal (from either table 64536.2-A or from section 64536.2(c)).
(3) Divide the value in paragraph (a)(1) by the value in paragraph(a)(2).
(4) Add together the results of paragraph (a)(3) for the last 12 months and divide by 12.
(5) If the value calculated in paragraph (a)(4) is less than 1.00, the system is not in compliance with the TOC percent removal requirements.
(b) In any month that one or more of the conditions of sections 64536.4(b)(1) through (b)(6) are met, the system may assign a monthly value of 1.0 (in lieu of the value calculated in section 64536.4(a)(3)) when calculating compliance under the provisions of subsection (a).
(1) The system's source water TOC level, prior to any treatment, is less than or equal to 2.0 mg/L.
(2) The system's treated water TOC level is less than or equal to 2.0 mg/L.
(3) The system's source water SUVA, prior to any treatment, is less than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m.
(4) The system's finished water SUVA is less than or equal to 2.0 L/mg-m.
(5) A system practicing softening removes at least 10 mg/L of magnesium hardness (as CaCO 3).
(6) A system practicing enhanced softening lowers alkalinity below 60 mg/L (as CaCO 3).
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325, 116370 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64536.6. Disinfection Byproduct Precursors (DBPP) Public Notification Requirements.
For systems using conventional treatment, enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening are identified as treatment techniques to control the level of disinfection byproduct precursors in drinking water treatment and distribution systems. If a system fails to comply with the enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening requirements established in this article the system shall notify the public pursuant to sections 64464.3 and 64467, including language in section 64468.5, in addition to reporting to the Department pursuant to sections 64537 through 64537.6.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325, 116370 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Section 116350, Health and Safety Code.
s 64537. General Reporting Requirements.
Systems required to sample quarterly or more frequently, pursuant to section 64534.2, 64534.4, or 64534.6, shall report to the Department within 10 days after the end of each quarter in which samples were collected according to section 64451(c), notwithstanding the provisions of sections 64451(a) and (b). Systems required to sample less frequently than quarterly shall report to the Department within 10 days after the end of each monitoring period in which samples were collected. Systems shall report information to the Department in conformance with the requirements of sections 64537.2, 64537.4, and 64537.6.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385, 116530 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64537.2. Disinfection Byproducts Reporting.
Systems shall report to the Department the information specified in table 64537.2-A.
Table 64537.2-A
Disinfection Byproducts Reporting
Note: Authority cited: Sections 116325 and 116375, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 116350, 116385, 116530 and 116555, Health and Safety Code.
s 64537.4. Disinfectants Reporting.
Systems shall report to the Department the information specified in table 64537.4-A
Table 64537.4-A
Disinfectants Reporting
If the system is
monitoring under the
requirements of section
64534.4 for... The system shall report...
Chlorine or chloramines (1) The number of samples taken during each
month of the last quarter.
(2) The monthly arithmetic average of all samples
taken in each month for the last 12 months.(3) The arithmetic average of all monthly averages (continued)