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Class 5. Tree overmature, over 300 years of age, crown dominant or
extending above the general level of the crown cover, top flat,
foliage thin, and risk poor.
Class 6. Tree immature, 60 to 150 years of age, crown intermediate to
or suppressed by the general level of the crown cover, top pointed,
d.b.h. 12 inches (30.5 cm) to 15 inches (38.1 cm), foliage moderately
dense and risk fair to good.
Class 7. Tree mature or overmature, over 150 years of age, crown
intermediate or suppressed by the general level of the crown cover,
top flat, d.b.h. rarely over 18 inches (45.7 cm), foliage sparse and
risk poor. (Reference: Section 4531, Public Resources Code.)
"Dying Trees" means trees which exhibit one or more of the following:
fifty percent or more of the foliage-bearing crown is dead or fading
in color from a normal green to yellow, sorrel, or brown, excluding
normal autumn coloration changes; successful bark beetle attacks with
indications of dead cambium and brood development distributed around
the circumference of the bole; seventy-five percent or more of the
circumference of the lower bole is girdled by wildlife; or trees
designated by an RPF as likely to die within one year.
"Effects" means effects and impacts as defined in 14 CCR 15358.
"Emergency" means those conditions that will cause waste or loss of
timber resources to the timber owner that may be minimized by
immediate harvesting of infected, infested or damaged timber or
salvaging down timber, or those conditions that will cause
appreciable financial loss to the timber owner that may be minimized
by immediate harvesting of timber.
"Endhauling" means the removal and transportation of excavated
material to prevent sidecast.
"Energy dissipator" means a device or material used to reduce the
energy of flowing water.
"Equipment exclusion zone (EEZ)" means the area, as explained in the
THP, where heavy equipment associated with timber operations is
totally excluded for the protection of water quality, the beneficial
uses of water, and/or other forest resources.
"Equipment limitation" is the term used when the use of timber
harvesting equipment is to be limited for the protection of water
quality, the beneficial uses of water, and/or other forest resources.
"Equipment limitation zone (ELZ)" means the area, as explained in the
THP, where heavy equipment associated with timber operations is
limited for the protection of water quality, the beneficial uses of
water, and/or other forest resources.
"Erosion controls" means drainage facilities, soil stabilization
treatments, road and landing abandonment, removal and treatment of
watercourse crossings, and any other features or actions to reduce
surface erosion, gullying, channel erosion, and mass erosion.
For the Coast Forest District
"Erosion Hazard Rating" means the rating derived from the procedure
specified in 14 CCR 912.5 designed to evaluate the susceptibility of
the soil within a given location to erosion.
For the Southern Forest District:
"Erosion Hazard Rating" Means the rating derived from the procedure
specified in 14 CCR 952.5 designed to evaluate the susceptibility of
the soil within a given location to erosion. (Reference: Section
4562, Public Resources Code.)
"Erosion potential" see 14 CCR 952.5. (Reference: Section 4562, Public
Resources Code.)
"Estimated erosion potential" means the product of the soil and slope
values derived from the table in 14 CCR 932.5 or as such product may
be modified in accordance with the instructions contained in that
section.(Reference: Section 4562, Public Resources Code.)
"Excess material" means material that is not used or needed as a
functional part of the road or a landing.
"Executive Officer" means the Executive Officer of the State Board of
Forestry authorized by PRC 739.
"Extended dry periods" means those periods during the winter period
when saturated soil conditions do not exist.
"Feasible" means capable of being accomplished in a successful manner
within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic,
environmental, legal, social and technical factors. With regard to
economic feasibility, the issue shall be whether the plan as revised
could be conducted on a commercial basis within 3 years of the
submission of the plan and not solely on the basis of whether extra
cost is required to carry out the alternatives.
"Fifty-year flood flow" means that magnitude of peak flow which one
would expect to be equaled or exceeded, on the average, once ever 50
years. This flow shall be estimated by empirical relationships
between precipitation and watershed characteristics and runoff and
then may be modified by direct channel cross section measurements and
local experience.
"Fill" means material that is placed in low areas and built up to form
the roadbed or landing surface.
Fort the Coast Forest District:
"Fire Protection Zone" means that portion of the logging area within
100 feet (30.48 m) as measured along the surface of the ground, from
the edge of the traveled surface of all public roads and railroads;
and within 200 feet (60.96 m) as measured along the surface of the
ground, from permanently located structures currently maintained for
human habitation.
For the Northern Forest District:
"Fire protection zone" means that portion of the logging area within
100 feet (30.48 m), as measured along the surface of the ground, from
the edge of the traveled surface of all public roads and railroads,
and 50 feet (15.24 m) as measured along the surface of the ground
from the traveled surface of all private roads, and within 100 feet
(30.48 m), as measured along the surface of the ground, from
permanently located structures currently maintained for human
habitation.(Reference: Section 4561.6, Public Resources Code.)
For the Southern Forest District:
"Fire Protection Zone" means that portion of the logging area within
100 feet (30.48 m), as measured along the surface of the ground, from
the edge of the traveled surface of all public roads and railroads;
and within 200 feet (60.96 m), as measured along the surface of the
ground from permanently located structures currently maintained for
human habitation.
"Fuelbreak" 4528(-
e)
"Functional Nesting Habitat" means habitat with a dominant and
codominant tree canopy closure of at least 40% and a total canopy
(including dominant, codominant, and intermediates) of at least 60%.
Usually the stand is distinctly multi-layered with an average stem
diameter in dominant, codominant conifers, and hardwoods > 11 "
D.B.H. The stand usually consists of multi-specied trees (including
hardwoods) of mixed sizes. All nests, snags, down logs, and decadent
trees shall also be considered as part of the habitat. Nesting
substrates are provided by broken tops, cavities, or platforms such
as those created by a hawk or squirrel nest, mistletoe broom, or
accumulated debris. Owls are known to occasionally nest in less than
optimal habitat. Nesting areas may also be associated with
topographical relief and aspect which alter microclimates.
"Functional Roosting Habitat" during the territorial season consists
of stands where average stem diameter is > 11 "D.B.H. among dominant
and codominant trees. Hardwood and conifers provide an average of at
least 40% canopy closure but the stand can have a high degree of
variability. Stand size and configuration must be sufficient to
provide multiple perch sites which are suitable for protection from
various environmental conditions including wind, heat, and
precipitation.
"Functional Foraging Habitat" is dependent on the presence and
availability of prey on the forest floors or in the canopy; presence
of accessible perching limbs; and adjacency to stands with canopy
closures > 40%. Average stem diameter is usually 6 "D.B.H. for
hardwoods and > 11 "D.B.H. for conifers among dominant, codominant,
and the total overhead canopy closure, including intermediate trees,
is at least 40%. Where overall canopy closure is > 80%, forage
habitat is limited to areas with ample flight space below limbs and
among stems. Habitat between 40 and 25% must be verified by local
information.
"Functional Wildlife Habitat" means vegetative structure and
composition which function to provide essential characteristics for
wildlife feeding, reproduction, cover and movement between habitats.
The habitat components must be in sufficient quantities and
arrangement to support the diverse assemblage of wildlife species
that are normally found on or use forestlands within that area.
Within this definition the following terms mean:
Function(al): Refers to ecological relationships between both the
habitat components and needs of the species which allows for all of
the normal life cycle including, migration corridors, genetic
pathways, food availability, temperature protection, moisture
retention, nutrient cycling, denning, spawning, nesting, and other
functions necessary to complete a life cycle.
Composition: Refers to the types, abundance, distribution, and
ecological relationships of species of terrestrial and aquatic
vegetation within the forest stand including, dominance, richness,
trophic levels and other population and community features at levels
which affect the long-term survival of individual forest species.
Structure: Refers to the physical arrangement of and relationships
between living and non-living terrestrial and aquatic components
within the forest stand including, age, size, height and spacing of
live vegetation in the forest in addition to seeps, spawning gravels,
pools, springs, snags, logs, den trees, meadows, canopy coverage,
levels of canopies and other physical features necessary to allow
species to function.
"Good cause is shown" as used in PRC 4590 means when: the plan
submitter presents facts which describe the factors beyond the
control of the plan submitter and his or her agents, such as market
conditions, weather, technical difficulties or natural disaster, that
have prevented feasible completion of the timber operation within the
effective period of the plan.
"Hard frozen conditions" means those frozen soil conditions where
loaded or unloaded vehicles can travel without sinking into the road
surfaces to a depth of more than six inches over a distance of more
than 25 feet.
"Harm" means an act where it actually kills or injures a federally
listed wildlife species. Such acts may include a significant habitat
modification or degradation which actually kills or injures wildlife
by significantly impairing essential behavior patterns, including
breeding, feeding or sheltering.
"Harass" means an intentional or negligent act or omission which
creates the likelihood of injury to a federally listed wildlife
species by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt
normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to,
breeding, feeding or sheltering.
"Harvesting method" means the process used to cut and remove timber.
It may have as its silvicultural objective either stand regeneration
or intermediate treatments.
"Inner Gorge" means a geomorphic feature formed by coalescing scars
originating from landsliding and erosional processes caused by active
stream erosion. The feature is identified as that area beginning
immediately adjacent to the stream channel below the first break in
slope.
"Intermediate treatments" means harvests conducted to modify or guide
the development of an existing stand of trees, but not to replace
(regenerate) the stand with a new one. The treatments involve the
removal of trees to allow expansion of the crowns and root systems.
"Intermediates" means trees with crowns below the general level of the
forest canopy and receiving little light from either above or the
sides. Intermediates have minimally-developed crowns and are crowded
on the sides.
"Lake" is a permanent natural body of water of any size, or an
artificially impounded body of water having a surface area of at
least one acre, isolated from the sea, and having an area of open
water of sufficient depth and permanency to prevent complete coverage
by rooted aquatic plants.
"Lake Tahoe Region" means those portions of Placer and El Dorado
Counties lying with the authority of the Tahoe Regional Planning
Agency.
"Landing" means that area where forest products are concentrated prior
to loading for transportation to market.
"Late succession forest stands" means stands of dominant and
predominant trees that meet the criteria of WHR class 5M, 5D, or 6
with an open, moderate or dense canopy closure classification, often
with multiple canopy layers, and are at least 20 acres in size.
Functional characteristics of late succession forests include large
decadent trees, snags, and large down logs.
"Layout" means a prepared bed into which a tree is felled. A layout is
generally constructed by tractor and is intended to reduce the
breakage that occurs during the felling of trees.
"License" 4524
"Listed Species" means a plant or animal species which is listed as
rare, threatened or endangered under federal or state law, or a
sensitive species by the Board.
"Live and healthy" as used in PRC 4528(b)(2) means a tree that is a
potential crop tree.
"Log culvert" means a drainage structure consisting of logs or logs
and fill material placed in a drainage in such a manner as to allow
for the passage of water. Also commonly referred to as a "Humboldt
crossing."
"Logging area" means that area on which timber operations are being
conducted as shown on the map accompanying the Timber Harvesting
Plan, and within 100 feet as measured on the surface of the ground,
from the edge of the traveled surface of appurtenant roads owned or
controlled by the timberland owner, timber operator or timber owner,
and being used during the harvesting of the particular area. The
traveled surface of such appurtenant roads is also part of the
logging area.
"Logging road" means a road other than a public road used by trucks
going to and from landings to transport logs and other forest
products.
"Long-term significant adverse effect on fish, wildlife, or listed
species known to be primarily associated with late succession forest
stands" means an effect that creates an identifiable trend or set of
conditions which provide a substantial level of scientific evidence
that a population of one or more species of fish, wildlife, or listed
species primarily associated with late succession forest stands will
become extirpated from a significant portion of its current range in
the Forest District within the planning horizon.
"Long Term Sustained Yield" means the average annual growth
sustainable by the inventory predicted at the end of a 100 year
planning period.
For the Coast Forest District:
"Lopping" means severing and spreading of slash so that no part of it
remains more than 30 inches (76.2 cm) above the ground.
For the Northern Forest District:
"Lopping" means severing and spreading of slash so that no part of it
remains more than 30 inches (76.2 cm) above the ground.(Reference:
Section 4551.5, Public Resources Code.)
For the Southern Forest District:
"Lopping" means severing limbs from the exposed sides of the
unutilized portions of trees so that portions of the severed limbs
are in contact with the ground. (Reference: Section 4551.5, Public
Resources Code.)
"Lopping For Fire Hazard Reduction" means severing and spreading slash
so that no part of it generally remains more than 30 inches above the
ground except where a specific rule provides another standard.
Mainline road: Roads on non federal lands that are used as the primary
route for the transportation of forest products that are fed by
arterial (secondary) haul roads.
"Manmade watercourse" means a watercourse which is constructed and
maintained to facilitate man's use of water and includes, but is not
limited to ditches and canals used for domestic, hydropower,
irrigation, and other beneficial uses (manmade watercourses as
defined do not include roadside drainage ditches).
"Marking" means a painted horizontal band or other distinguishing
designation which is visible from two sides of a tree, and a stump
designation, if required in the THP, which is visible after felling
operations.
For the Northern Forest District:
"Meadows and wet areas" means those areas which are moist on the
surface throughout most of the year and/or support aquatic
vegetation, grasses and forbs as their principal vegetative
cover.(Reference: Section 4562.7, Public Resources Code.)
For the Southern Forest District:
"Meadows and Wet Areas" means those areas which are moist on the
surface throughout most of the year and/or support aquatic
vegetation, grasses and forbs as their principal vegetative cover.
"Mechanical site preparation" means all site preparation activities
undertaken by motorized heavy equipment to prepare an area for
regeneration.
"Minor deviations" means any change, minor in scope, in a plan which
can reasonably be presumed not to make a significant change in the
conduct of timber operations and which can reasonably be expected not
to significantly adversely affect timberland productivity or values
relating to soil, water quality, watershed, wildlife, fisheries,
range and forage, recreation, and aesthetic enjoyment.
"Native Americans" means the Native American Heritage Commission and
those local Native American tribal groups and individuals to be
notified or consulted pursuant to the Forest Practice Rules as
defined in the Native American Contact List.
"Native American Contact List" means the list that identifies those
Native Americans that must be notified or consulted pursuant to the
Forest Practice Rules. The Department shall maintain this list
utilizing information and advice provided by the Native American
Heritage Commission (NAHC). The list shall identify the appropriate
contacts to be notified or consulted during preparation or review of
Timber Harvesting Plans. The list shall be organized by counties or
portions of counties and shall include all local federally recognized
tribal governments. It shall also include other California Native
American organizations or individuals that the Department places on
the list based upon demonstrated knowledge concerning the location of
archaeological or cultural resources within California. The NAHC
shall also be included as a required contact for each county on the
list to enable the NAHC to complete a check of their Sacred Lands
File which is authorized by PRC ss 5097.94(
"Native American Archaeological or Cultural Site" means any
archaeological or other cultural resource that is associated with
Native Americans. These sites must be identifiable by a specific
physical location containing specific physical attributes. Native
American archaeological or cultural sites include but are not limited
to: village sites, camp sites, petroglyphs, prehistoric trails,
quarries, milling stations, cemeteries, ceremonial sites or
traditional cultural sites and properties.
"Nest site" means the geographic area and surrounding habitat that
includes the nest tree(s), perch tree(s), screening tree(s), and
replacement tree(s) of a bird species of special concern.
"Nest tree" means the tree, snag, or other structure that contains the
nest of a species of special concern.
"Occupied nest" means a nest currently being used by one or more adult
birds with eggs or young present.
"Overhanging bank" means a condition in which the upper portion of a
cut slope projects (hangs) over the lower portion of a cut slope.
"Overstory" means that portion of the trees, in a forest of more than
one story, forming the upper canopy layers.
"Owl habitat" means Type A, B, or C owl habitat or those areas with
functional foraging habitat, functional nesting habitat, and
functional roosting habitat which support the owl's biological needs
for breeding, sheltering, and feeding. An area of habitat could have
characteristics which support all of the functional needs for
nesting, roosting, and foraging or combination of those functions.
Because owls are known to occasionally inhabit less than optimal
forest structure, local information can be used to justify the
modification of functional habitat definitions.
"Past projects" means previously approved, on-going, or completed
projects which may add to or lessen impact(s) created by the THP
under consideration. These generally include, but may not be limited
to, projects completed within the last ten years.
"Perch tree" means a tree or snag identified and designated by the RPF
or supervised designee in consultation with the Department of Fish
and Game as utilized periodically by a species of special concern for
nesting, territorial defense, or as an approach to its nest or
feeding area.
"Permanent road" means a road which is planned and constructed to be
part of a permanent all-season transportation facility. These roads
have a surface which is suitable for hauling of forest products
throughout the entire winter period and have drainage structures, if
any, at watercourse crossings which will accommodate the fifty-year
flood flow. Normally they are maintained during the winter period.
"Permanent watercourse crossing" means a watercourse crossing that
will be constructed to accommodate the estimated fifty-year flood
flow and will remain in place when timber operations have been
completed.
"Person" 4525
"Plan" means: 4582
(a) Timber Harvesting Plan (THP) as described in PRC 4582.
(b) Nonindustrial Timber Management Plan (NTMP) as described in PRC
4593.2(e).
(c) Program Timber Harvesting Plan (PTHP) as described in 14 CCR 1092
and 1092.1.
"To plan" means examination of feasible alternatives, field review of
alternatives, and reflection of this examination and field review in
choice of road or landing locations, and other factors, together with
associated mitigation measures in the harvest plan.
"Planning Watershed" means the contiguous land base and associated
watershed system that forms a fourth order or other watershed
typically 10,000 acres or less in size. Planning watersheds are used
in planning forest management and assessing impacts. The Director has
prepared and distributed maps identifying planning watersheds plan
submitters must use. Where a watershed exceeds 10,000 acres, the
Director may approve subdividing it. Plan submitters may propose and
use different planning watersheds, with the director's approval.
Examples include but are not limited to the following: when 10,000
acres or less is not a logical planning unit, such as on the Eastside
Sierra Pine type, as long as the size in excess of 10,000 acres is
the smallest that is practical. Third order basins flowing directly
into the ocean shall also be considered an appropriate planning
watershed.
"Predominant" trees are those whose crowns are above the general level
of the canopy and are significantly older than the surrounding stand.
"Prescribed maintenance period" means the period, beginning with
filing of the work completion report provided the report is approved
during which erosion controls which are required and constructed as
part of a timber operation must be maintained in a functional
condition. The period shall not exceed three years from the filing of
the work completion report provided that the report is subsequently
approved by the director.
"Professional Archaeologist" means a person who holds at least a
Bachelor of Arts or Science degree in Anthropology or Archaeology
from a college or university and has completed at least three years
of professional experience in research, writing, or project
supervision in archaeological investigation or cultural resource
management and protection programs.
Program Timberland Environmental Impact Report (PTEIR), means a Program
Environmental Impact Report in compliance with CEQA for ongoing
management of timberlands, including timber operatrions and related
land management practices which require permits from public agencies.
Subsequent PTHPs shall be tied to a PTEIR.
Program Timber Harvesting Plan (PTHP), means a Timber Harvesting Plan
prepared by an RPF which relies upon a PTEIR for CEQA compliance and
meets the standards of PRC Section 4581. PTHPs must be within the
scope of the PTEIR, the rules of the board and other applicable state
laws.
"Project" means an activity which has the potential to cause a
physical change in the environment, directly or ultimately, and that
is 1) undertaken by a public agency, or 2) undertaken with public
agency support, or 3) requires the applicant to obtain a lease,
permit, license or entitlement from one or more public agencies. This
includes Timber Harvesting Plans.
"Public fire agency" means California Department of Forestry and Fire
Protection, United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management,
and other federal fire protection agencies, counties providing fire
protection pursuant to PRC 4129, or city, county, or local fire
agencies.
"Public road" means a road open to the general public which is (a) in
the State or County road system, or (b) a road on which a public
agency has a deeded, unlimited easement.
"Quality of water" means the level of water quality as specified by
the applicable Water Quality Control Plan, including its water
quality objectives, policies and prohibitions.
"Range of the Northern Spotted Owl" means the following counties:
Marin, Napa, Del Norte, Mendocino, Colusa, Shasta (north of Highway
299, west of Interstate 5), Tehema (west of Interstate 5), Sonoma,
Humboldt, Lake, Trinity, Siskiyou, Glenn (west of Interstate 5),
Modoc (west of Highway 139).
"Reasonably Foreseeable Probable future projects" means projects with
activities that may add to or lessen impact(s) of the proposed THP
including but not limited to:
(1) if the project is a THP on land which is controlled by the THP
submitter, the THP is currently expected to commence within but not
limited to, 5 years or,
(2) if the project is a THP on land which is not under the control of
the THP submitter the THP has been submitted or on-the-ground work
including THP preparation has materially commenced, or
(3) if the project is not a THP, and a permit is required from a public
agency, and the project is under environmental review by the public
agency, or
(4) if the project is one which is under taken by a public agency, the
agency has made a public announcement of the intent to carry out the
project.
"Reconstructed roads" means those existing roads that are to be
restored or improved to make them useable for hauling forest
products.
"Reconstructed" does not include routine or annual maintenance or
rehabilitation that does not require substantial change in the
original prism of the road.
"Reconstruction of existing tractor roads" means restoring or
improving the surface of pre-existing tractor roads or skid trails in
a manner that requires substantial cutting or filling of soil or
rock.
"Regeneration method" means the process used to secure replacement of
a forest stand. Section 895.1, Table 1, entitled "Relationship of
Standard Silvicultural Treatments to Objectives and Stand Conditions"
shows the general relationships of regeneration methods and
intermediate treatments to even-aged and uneven-aged management.
"Registered Professional Forester" means a person who holds a valid
license as a professional forester pursuant to article 3, chapter 2,
division 1 of the Public Resources Code.
"Replacement Tree" means a tree or snag within the nest site of a
species of special concern identified and designated by the RPF or
supervised designee in consultation with the Department of Fish and
Game as being suitable as a replacement for a nest or perch tree
should the existing tree become unusable.
"Reproduction" means young trees of commercial species that are less
than 4 inches (10.2 cm) d.b.h., i.e., seedlings and saplings.
"Resource conservation standards" 4525.3
"Rigging" means the cable (wire rope), blocks, and hook equipment used
in cable yarding systems.
"Riparian" means the banks and other adjacent terrestrial environs of
lakes, watercourses, estuaries, and wet areas, where transported
surface and subsurface freshwaters provide soil moisture to support
mesic vegetation.
"Rip-rap" means rock or other suitable material placed to prevent or
reduce erosion.
"Road failure" means damage to the roadbed not permitting vehicular
passage for hauling of forest products, but does not mean cut bank or
fill sloughing incidental to road settling.
"Rolling dip" means a drainage facility that is constructed to remain
effective while allowing passage of motor vehicles at reduced road
speed.
"Rules" 4525.5
"Sampling area" means the area delineated on a map accompanying a
report of stocking showing the area sampled by one of the procedures
specified in 14 CCR 10172.
"Saturated soil conditions" means that site conditions are
sufficiently wet that timber operations displace soils in yarding or
mechanical site preparation areas or displace road and landing
surface materials in amounts sufficient to cause a turbidity increase
in drainage facilities that discharge into Class I, II, III, or IV
waters, or in downstream Class I, II, III, or IV waters that is
visible or would violate applicable water quality requirements.
In yarding and site preparation areas, this condition may be evidenced
by: a) reduced traction by equipment as indicated by spinning or
churning of wheels or tracks in excess of normal performance, b)
inadequate traction without blading wet soil, c) soil displacement in
amounts that cause visible increase in turbidity of the downstream
waters in a receiving Class I, II, III, or IV waters, or in amounts
sufficient to cause a turbidity increase in drainage facilities that
discharge into Class I, II, III, or IV waters, or d) creation of ruts
greater than would be normal following a light rainfall.
On logging roads and landing surfaces, this condition may be evidenced
by a) reduced traction by equipment as indicated by spinning or
churning of wheels or tracks in excess of normal performance, b)
inadequate traction without blading wet soil, c) soil displacement in
amounts that cause visible increase in turbidity of the downstream
waters in receiving Class I, II, III, or IV waters, or in amounts
sufficient to cause a turbidity increase in drainage facilities that
discharge into Class I, II, III, or IV waters, d) pumping of road
surface materials by traffic, or e) creation of ruts greater than
would be created by traffic following normal road watering, which
transports surface material to a drainage facility that discharges
directly into a watercourse.
Soils or road and landing surfaces that are hard frozen are excluded
from this definition.
"Scattered parcel" means a timberland ownership within a planning
watershed is less that 10% of the area of the watershed and does not
adjoin a planning watershed where the timberland ownership is greater
than 20% of the watershed.
"Screening trees" means those trees or snags identified and designated
by the RPF or supervised designee in consultation with the Department
of Fish and Game as necessary to protect nest trees of species of
special concern from the impacts of human activities and natural
elements.
"Seasonal road" means a road which is planned and constructed as part
of a permanent transportation facility where: (1) commercial hauling
may be discontinued during the winter period, or (2) the landowner
desired continuation of access for fire control, forest management
activities, Christmas tree growing, or for occasional or incidental
use for harvesting of minor forest products, or similar activities.
These roads have a surface adequate for hauling of forest products in
the non-winter periods, and in the extended dry periods or hard
frozen conditions occurring during the winter period; and have
drainage structures, if any, at watercourse crossings which will
accommodate the fifty-year flood flow. Some maintenance usually is
required.
"Seed Tree" a thrifty vigorous tree of commercial species of seed
bearing age, with full crown, and free from damage caused by timber
operations and hazard abatement which would impair seed productivity.
"Sensitive Species" means those species designated by the Board of
Forestry pursuant to 14 CCR 898.2(d). These species are the Bald
eagle, Golden eagle, Great blue heron, Great egret, Northern goshawk,
Osprey, Peregrine falcon, California condor, Great gray owl, Northern
Spotted Owl, and Marbled Murrelet.
"Sidecast" means excess earthen material pushed or dumped to or over
the side roads or landings.
"Significant adverse impact on the environment" means a substantial,
or potentially substantial, adverse change in any of the physical
conditions within the area affected by the project including land,
air, water, minerals, flora, fauna, ambient noise, and objects of
historic or aesthetic significance. An economic or social change by
itself shall not be considered a significant effect on the
environment. A social or economic change related to a physical change
may be considered in determining whether the physical change is
significant.
"Significant archaeological or historical site" means a specific
location which may contain artifacts, or objects and where evidence
clearly demonstrates a high probability that the site meets one or
more of the following criteria:
(a) Contains information needed to answer important scientific research
questions.
(b) Has a special and particular quality such as the oldest of its type
or best available example of its type.
(c) Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important
prehistoric or historic event or person.
(d) Involves important research questions that historical research has
shown can be answered only with archaeological methods.
(e) Has significant cultural or religious importance to Native
Americans as defined in 14 CCR s 895.1.
"Silviculture" is the theory and practice of controlling the
establishment, composition and growth of forests.
"Silvicultural system" is the planned program of forest stand
treatments during the life of a stand. It consists of a number of
integrated steps conducted in logical sequence leading to maintaining
a forest stand of distinctive form for the level of management
intensity desired.
"Silvicultural methods" in Public Resources Code section 4852(d) is
referred to as "silvicultural systems" for purposes of these
regulations.
"Site classification" 4528(-
d)
"Site preparation" means any activity involving mechanical disturbance
of soils or burning of vegetation which is performed during or after
completion of timber harvesting and is associated with preparation of
any portion of a logging area for artificial or natural regeneration.
"Site preparation addendum" means an addendum to the THP which
describes proposed site preparation areas, site preparation
practices, and related measures.
"Site preparation area" means any portion of a logging area in which
site preparation is conducted.
"Site survey area" means: the area where a field survey is conducted
for archaeological and historical sites which includes the entire
logging area except appurtenant roads and those portions of the 100
foot strip along such roads unless there are timber operations to
remove commercial wood products that could affect an archaeological
or historical site.
"Skidding" (see "yarding" in this section).
"Slash" 4525.7
"Slide areas" are areas indicated by the following characteristics:
1. Shallow-seated Landslide. An area where surface material
(unconsolidated rock colluvium, and soil) has moved downslope along a
relatively steep, shallow failure surface. The failure surface is
generally greater than 65% in steepness and less than 5 feet in
depth. It is usually characterized by: (1) a scarp at the top; (2) a
concave scar below the scarp, where surface material has been
removed; and sometimes (3) a convex area at the bottom where slide
material is deposited. Vegetation is usually disturbed (tilted
trees), anomalous (younger, even-aged stand), or absent (bare soil).
Minor bank slumps are excluded from this definition.
2. Deep-seated Landslide. An area where landslide material has moved
downslope either as a relatively cohesive mass (rotational slides and
translational block slides) or as an irregular, hummocky mass
(earthflow). The failure surface is generally deeper than five feet
and is usually well-exposed at the head scarp. Complex failures with
rotational movement at the head and translational movement or
earthflows downslope are common. Vegetation on rotational and
translational slides is relatively undisturbed, although trees and
shrubs may be pistol-butted or tilted. Deep-seated landsides may have
intermediate tension cracks, scraps, and shallow slides superimposed
throughout the slide mass. Deep-seated landslide risk is usually
associated with cohesive soils.
"Small Group" means groups of trees in areas up to 2 1/2 acres.
"Snag" means a standing dead tree or standing section thereof,
regardless of species.
"Southern Subdistrict" of the Coast Forest District is comprised of
the timberlands in the Counties of Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, San
Mateo, San Francisco and Marin situated within the boundaries of the
Coast Forest District.
"Special Treatment Areas" are specific locations which contain one or
more of the following significant resource features which may be at
risk during timber operations.
a. Within 200 feet of the watercourse transition line of federal or
state designated wild and scenic rivers;
b. Within 200 feet of national, state, regional, county or municipal
park boundaries;
c. Key habitat areas of federal or state designated threatened, rare or
endangered species;
d. Coastal Commission special treatment areas;
e. Within 200 feet of state designated scenic highways or within scenic
corridors established pursuant to Article 2.5 (commencing with
Section 260) of Chapter 2 of Division 1 and Section 154 of Chapter 1
of Division 1 of the Streets and Highways Code.
"Species" means a native species or subspecies of animal or plant in
California.
"Specific Forest" means the area delineated under a timber management
plan.
"Spotted Owl Resource Plan" means a plan that demonstrates an approach
to preventing a taking of the northern spotted owl while conducting
timber harvest operations. A Spotted Owl Resource Plan necessarily
involves more than one timber harvest plan area.
"Stable operating surface" means that throughout the period of use,
the operating surface of a logging road or landing does not either
(1) generate waterborne sediment in amounts sufficient to cause a
turbidity increase in downstream Class I, II, III, or IV waters, or
in amounts sufficient to cause a turbidity increase in drainage
facilities that discharge into Class I, II, III, or IV waters or,
that is visible or would violate applicable water quality
requirements; or (2) channel water for more than 50 feet that is
discharged into Class I, II, III, or IV waters.
"Stand Vigor" is a measure of stand health. A measure of good stand
vigor is an exhibition of characteristics which include large live
crowns or leaf surface area, high needle retention, pointed tops,
crown dominance relative to other trees in the same age or size
class, and disease-free.
"Stocking" 4528(-
c)
For the Coast Forest District:
"Stocking Standards" mean the resource conservation standards
established in 14 CCR 912.7 defining minimum acceptable stocking of
an area with commercial tree species (Ref. 14 CCR 912)after the
harvesting of timber therefrom.
For the Northern Forest District:
"Stocking standards" mean the resource conservation standards
established in 14 CCR 932.7 defining minimum acceptable stocking of
an area with commercial tree species (Ref. 14 CCR 932) after
harvesting timber therefrom.(Reference: Section 4561, Public
Resources Code.)
For the Southern Forest District:
"Stocking standards" mean the resource conservation standards
established in 14 CCR 952.7 defining minimum acceptable stocking of
an area with commercial tree species (Ref. 14 CCR 952) after
harvesting timber therefrom. (Reference: Section 4561, Public
Resources Code.)
"Stream" 4528(-
f)
For the Coast Forest District:
"Stream and Lake Protection Zone" means a strip of soil and vegetation
along both sides of a stream or around the circumference of a lake
defined as follows: 100 feet (30.48 m) as measured along the surface
of the ground from the stream and lake transition line of any stream
or lake which supports and is used by trout or anadromous fish at any
time of the year, and downstream therefrom; and within 50 feet (15.24
m) as measured along the surface of the ground from the stream or
lake transition line of any other streams or lakes as defined in
"Stream" (14 CCR 895.1) or "Lake" in this section except that the
above definition may be modified as it pertains to a particular plan
when the forester (RPF) and the Director agree, after on-the-ground
inspection, if requested by either party, to either increase or
decrease the above distances not to exceed 50%, based on soil, slope,
or climatic factors necessary to protect soil, water, or fish and
wildlife resources. Such change
For the Northern Forest District:
"Stream and Lake Protection Zone" means a strip of soil and vegetation
along both sides of a stream or around the circumference of a lake
defined as follows:
(a) 150 feet (45.72 m), as measured along the surface of the ground,
from the stream or lake transition line of any stream or lake in
areas with an extremely high Estimated Erosion Potential.
(b) 100 feet (30.48 m), as measured along the surface of the ground,
from the stream or lake transition line of any stream or lake in
areas with high Estimated Erosion Potential.
(c) 50 feet (15.24 m), as measured along the surface of the ground,
from the stream or lake transition line of any stream or lake in
areas with a moderate or low Estimated Erosion Potential.
The forester (RPF) and the Director may agree, after on-the-ground
inspection, if requested by either party, to either increase or
decrease the above distances not to exceed 50% on soil, slope, or
climatic factors necessary to protect soil, water, or fish and
wildlife resources. Such changes will be designated in the
plan.(Reference: Section 4562.7, Public Resources Code.)
For the Southern District:
"Stream and Lake Protection Zone" means a required strip of land on
each side of perennial streams, lakes and those portions of
intermittent streams which support trout at any time of the year, and
downstream therefrom; to protect existing water quality and fish and
wildlife habitat. The width of the zone shall be determined by
on-the-ground investigation. The investigation shall consider:
(a) Soil type and permeability,
(b) The type or types, stabilizing effect, and amount of vegetative
cover,
(c) The slope of the land within the zone and its effectiveness in
preventing sediment from reaching streams or lakes.
The zone will be 100 feet (30.48 m) from the stream transition line of
a perennial stream or lake provided however that said distance may be
50 feet (15.24 m) where the Erosion Potential is low or medium
(moderate).
The forester (RPF) and the Director may agree, after on-the-ground
inspection, if requested by either party, to either increase or
decrease the above distances not to exceed 50%, based on soil, slope,
or climatic factors necessary to protect soil, water, or fish and
wildlife resources. Such changes will be designated on the plan.
(Reference: Section 4562.7, Public Resources Code.)
"Substantial adverse change" means demolition, destruction,
relocation, or alteration such that the significance of an
archaeological or historical site would be impaired.
"Substantial deviation" means changes that are not "minor deviations"
as defined in 895.1 and are presumed to be substantial deviations
because they could significantly affect the conduct of timber
operations and potentially could have a significant adverse affect on
timber productivity or values relating to soil, water quality,
watershed, wildlife, fisheries, range and forage, recreation and
aesthetic enjoyment. Such actions include, but are not limited to:
(1) Change in location of timber harvesting operations or enlargement
of the area to be cut.
(2) Change in the silvicultural method and cutting system on any
portion of the plan area.
(3) Change in type or location of logging (yarding) system or basic
type of equipment.
(4) Change in location, nature or increase in length of proposed
logging roads incorporating one or more of the following criteria:
(A) Any road in the Watercourse and Lake Protection Zone or where
sidecast will extend into the Watercourse and Lake Protection Zone.
(B) Any road located in an extreme Erosion Hazard Rating area in the
Coast Forest District, extreme Estimated Erosion Potential area in
the Northern Forest District, or a high Erosion Potential area in the
Southern Forest District.
(C) Any road where the average side slope exceeds 50%.
(D) Any road where unstable areas, active soil movement, or slide areas
must be traversed.
(E) Any increase in gradient allowed by the District Rules as an
exception and not provided for in the original plan.
(F) Any road extension of more than 600 feet (182.9 m).
(5) Any use of existing roads not shown in the original plan when
reconstruction work to allow for vehicle travel will be substantial.
Substantial work on an existing road means more than minor repair and
dressing of the travel surface and removal of vegetation to allow for
vehicle passage.
(6) Use of any roads not shown in the plan which would affect the key
habitat of rare or endangered species or other critical wildlife
habitat.
(7) Enlargement of landings where such enlargement was not justified in
the original plan.
(8) Any change of operation in, or designation of, the Watercourse and
Lake Protection Zone.
(9) Any downgrading of stream classification.
(10) A change to winter operation where summer operations was
previously specified.
"Substantially damaged timberlands" means areas of timberland where
wildfire, insects, disease, wind, flood, or other blight caused by an
act of God occurs after January 1, 1976 and the damage reduced
stocking below the requirements of PRC 4561 or other higher minimum
stocking requirements that may be applicable under Articles 3 and 11
of Subchapter 4, Article 3 of Subchapter 5, and Articles 3 and 11 of
Subchapter 6.
"Supervised Designee" means a person who need not be an RPF, acting as
an assistant under the supervision of an RPF pursuant to Article 3,
Chapter 2, Division 1 of the Public Resources Code. For the purposes
of this definition, "supervision" means the RPF must perform regular
and timely quality control, work review and inspection, both in the
office and in the field, and be able to take, or effectively
recommend, corrective actions where necessary; the frequency of
review, inspection and guidance shall take into consideration the
experience of the non-RPF and technical complexity of the job, but
shall be sufficiently frequent to ensure the accomplishment of work
to professional standards.
"Suppressed" trees are those which have their crowns in the lower
layers of the canopy. They receive virtually no direct sunlight, and
they are generally growing very slowly.
"Surface cover" means the cover of litter, downed woody material
(including slash, living vegetation in contact with the ground, and
loose rocks (excluding rock outcrops)) that resist erosion by
raindrop impact and surface flow.
"Sustained Yield" means the yield of commercial wood that an area of
commercial timberland can produce continuously at a given intensity
of management consistent with required environmental protection and
which is professionally planned to achieve over time a balance
between growth and removal.
"Take" means to harass harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap,
capture, collect or to attempt to engage in any such conduct with
regard to a federally listed species.
"Temporary road" means a road that is to be used only during the
timber operation. These roads have a surface adequate for seasonal
logging use and have drainage structures, if any, adequate to carry
the anticipated flow of water during the period of use.
"THP" means Timber Harvesting Plan as described in PRC 4582.
"Tight-lining" means to move rigging from one tailblock location to
another and tightening the main line to pull the cable to the new
position."Timberland" 4526 (continued)