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SULEV 0.100 0.143
5751-8500 LEV 0.39 0.56
ULEV 0.195 0.280
SULEV 0.117 0.167
8501-10,000 LEV 0.46 0.66
ULEV 0.230 0.330
SULEV 0.138 0.197
10,001-14,000 LEV 0.60 0.86
ULEV 0.300 0.430
SULEV 0.180 0.257

[FN5] Highway NOx.The maximum projected emissions of "Oxides of Nitrogen" (or "NOx") measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET; 40 CFR Part 600 Subpart B) shall be not greater than 2.00 times the applicable MDV standards shown in the table. Both the projected emissions and the HWFET standard shall be rounded in accordance with ASTM E29-67 to the nearest 0.1 g/mi before being compared.
[FN6] Particulate standards are only applicable for diesel vehicles and shall be determined on a 120,000 mile basis.
[FN7] "n/a" means not applicable.
[FN8] Certification of Incomplete and Diesel Vehicles.Manufacturers have the option of certifying engines used in incomplete and diesel MDVs to the heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures set forth in section 1956.8(g) or (h), Title 13, California Code of Regulations. Manufacturers certifying incomplete or diesel MDVs to the heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures shall specify in the application for certification an in-use compliance procedure as provided in section 2139(c), Title 13, California Code of Regulations. For diesel vehicles certifying to the standards set forth in Title 13, section 1960.1(h)(2), "NMOG" shall mean non-methane hydrocarbons.
[FN9] Intermediate In-Use Compliance Standards.The following intermediate in-use compliance standards for 50,000 miles and 120,000 miles for MDVs from 3751-14,000 lbs. TW, including fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles when operating on an available fuel other than gasoline, shall apply for the specified model years only:

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Emission Model Durability 3751-5750 lbs.
Category Year Vehicle
Basis (mi) NMOG NOx NMOG NOx
LEV through 50,000 0.238 0.7 0.293 1.1
1997
1998- 50,000 0.238 0.6 0.293 0.9 0.345
1999
2000 50,000 -- 0.6 -- 0.9 --
2000 120,000 -- 0.8 -- 1.2 --
ULEV through 50,000 0.128 0.6 0.156 0.9
1999
2000 50,000 0.128 0.6 0.156 0.9 0.184
2000 120,000 0.160 0.8 0.195 1.2 0.230
2001- 50,000 0.128 -- 0.156 -- 0.184
2002
2001- 120,000 0.160 -- 0.195 -- 0.230
2002
SULEV through 50,000 0.072 0.3 0.084 0.45
2002
2002 120,000 0.100 0.4 0.117 0.6 0.138
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70..

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5751-8500 lbs. 8501-10,000 lbs. 10,001-14,000 lbs.
NMOG NOx NMOG NOx
0.345 1.3 0.450 2.0
1.0 0.450 1.5
1.0 -- 1.5
1.3 -- 2.0
0.184 1.0 0.240 1.5
1.0 0.240 1.5
1.3 0.300 2.0
-- 0.240 --
-- 0.300 --
0.100 0.5 0.130 0.7
0.65 0.180 1.0
73....80....+...90....+....0....+...10....+...20....+...30..

Intermediate In-Use Compliance Standards [FNa1] (in grams per mile)
In-use compliance with standards beyond 50,000 miles shall be waived through the 1999 model year for LEVs and ULEVs and through the 2001 model year for SULEVs. Dashes mean that the standard in the section (h)92) table applies.
[FNa1] Dashes mean that the standard in the section (h)(2) table applies.
a.Reactivity Adjustment.For LEVs and ULEVs designed to operate on any available fuel other than conventional gasoline, including fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles when operating on any available fuel other than gasoline, NMOG exhaust mass emission results shall be multiplied by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor to determine compliance with intermediate in-use compliance standards for NMOG. In addition to multiplying the exhaust NMOG mass emission results by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor, natural gas vehicles shall multiply the exhaust methane mass emission results by the applicable methane reactivity adjustment factor and add that value to the reactivity-adjusted NMOG value. For fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles when operating on gasoline, NMOG emission results shall not be multiplied by a reactivity adjustment factor.
b.Gasoline Standards for Fuel-Flexible and Dual-Fuel Vehicles.For fuel-flexible and dual-fuel MDVs from 0-14,000 lbs. TW, intermediate in-use compliance standards for NMOG emissions at 50,000 miles when the vehicle is operated on gasoline, shall be:
Fuel-Flexible and Dual-Fuel MDVs
Intermediate In-Use Compliance Standards
Test Weight (lbs.) Vehicle Emission Category 50,000
(g/mi)
0-3750 LEV 0.32
ULEV 0.188
3751-5750 LEV 0.41
ULEV 0.238
SULEV 0.128
5751-8500 LEV 0.49
ULEV 0.293
SULEV 0.156
8501-10,000 LEV 0.58
ULEV 0.345
SULEV 0.184
10,000-14,000 LEV 0.75
ULEV 0.450
SULEV 0.240

Intermediate in-use compliance standards shall apply to LEVs and ULEVs through the 1999 model year and to SULEVs through the 2001 model year. Compliance with the standards beyond 50,000 miles shall be waived through the 1999 model year for LEVs and ULEVs and through the 2001 model year for SULEVs.
[FN10] Medium-Duty Vehicle Phase-In Requirements.Each manufacturer's MDV fleet shall be defined as the total number of MDVs from 0-14,000 lbs. TW certified and produced and delivered for sale in California.
a. Manufacturers of MDVs shall certify an equivalent percentage of their MDV fleet according to the following phase-in schedule:
Model Vehicles Certified to Vehicles Certified to
Title 13 CCR Title 13 CCR
Year Section 1960.1(h)(1) or Section 1956.8(g) or
(h)(2) (h)
(%) (%)
Tier 1 LEV ULEV Tier 1 LEV ULEV
1998 73 25 2 100 0 0
1999 48 50 2 100 0 0
2000 23 75 2 100 0 0

c. The percentages shall be appled to the manufacturer's total production of California-certified medium-duty vehicles delivered for sale in California.
d. These requirements shall not apply to small volume manufacturers. Small volume manufacturers shall comply with the requirements of note (16) below.
[FN11] Definition of HEV.For the purpose of calculating "Vehicle Equivalent Credits" (or "VECs"), the contribution of hybrid electric vehicles (or "HEVs") will be calculated based on the range of the HEV without the use of the engine. For the purpose of calculating the contribution of HEVs to the VECs, the following definitions shall apply:
"Type A HEV" shall mean an HEV which achieves a minimum range of 60 miles over the All-Electric Range Test as defined in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), or in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), as applicable.
"Type B HEV" shall mean an HEV which achieves a range of 40-59 miles over the All-Electric Range Test as defined in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), or in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), as applicable.
"Type C HEV" shall mean an HEV which achieves a range of 0-39 miles over the All-Electric Range Test as defined in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), or in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), as applicable, and all other HEVs excluding "Type A" and "Type B" HEVs.
a. For the purpose of calculating VECs, electric vehicles which utilize fuel fired heaters and which are not otherwise certified as ZEVs shall be treated as "Type A HEV ULEVs."
[FN12] Calculation of Vehicle Equivalent Credits. In 1992 through 2000 model years, manufacturers that produce and deliver for sale in California MDVs in excess of the equivalent requirements for LEVs and/or ULEVs certified to the exhaust emission standards set forth in this section (h)(2) or Title 13, CCR Section 1956.8(h), shall receive VECs calculated in accordance with the following equation, where the term "Produced" means produced and delivered for sale in California:
([(No. of LEVs Produced excluding HEVs) + (No. of "Type C HEV" LEVs Produced)] +
[(No. of "Type A HEV" LEVs Produced) x (1.2)] +
[(No. of "Type B HEV" LEVs Produced) x (1.1)] -
(Equivalent No. of LEVs Required to be Produced))+
((1.4) x [(No. of ULEVs Produced excluding HEVs) + (No. of "Type C HEV" ULEVs Produced) ] +
[(1.7) x (No. of "Type A HEV" ULEVs Produced)] +
[(1.5) x (No. of "Type B HEV" ULEVs Produced) ] -
[(1.4) x (Equivalent No. of ULEVs Required to be Produced)]) +
([(1.7) x [(No. of SULEVs Produced excluding HEVs) + (No. of "Type C HEV" SULEVs Produced)] +
[(No. of "Type A HEV" SULEVs Produced) x (1.7)] +
[(No. of "Type B HEV" SULEVs) x (1.5)] -
[(1.7) x [(Equivalent No. of SULEVs Required to be Produced)]) +
[(2.0) x (No. of ZEVs Certified and Produced as MDVs)].
a. Manufacturers that fail to produce and deliver for sale in California the equivalent quantity of MDVs certified to LEV and/or ULEV exhaust emission standards, shall receive "Vehicle-Equivalent Debits" (or "VEDs") equal to the amount of negative VECs determined by the aforementioned equation.
[FN13] 50 <> F Requirement.Manufacturers shall demonstrate compliance with the above standards for NMOG, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen at 50 degrees F according to the procedures specified in section 11k of the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), or according to the procedure specified in section II.C. of the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), as applicable. Hybrid electric, natural gas, and diesel-fuel vehicles shall be exempt from 50 degrees F test requirements.
[FN14] In-use compliance testing shall be limited to vehicles with fewer than 90,000 miles.
[FN15] HEV Requirements.Deterioration factors for hybrid electric vehicles shall be based on the emissions and mileage accumulation of the auxiliary power unit. For certification purposes only, Type A hybrid electric vehicles shall demonstrate compliance with 50,000 mile emission standards (using 50,000 mile deterioration factors), and demonstrating compliance with 120,000 mile emission standards shall not be required. For certification purposes only, Type B hybrid electric vehicles shall demonstrate compliance with 50,000 mile emission standards (using 50,000 mile deterioration factors). For certification purposes only, Type C hybrid electric vehicles shall demonstrate compliance with 50,000 mile emission standards (using 50,000 mile deterioration factors) and 120,000 mile emission standards (using 120,000 mile deterioration factors).
[FN16] Requirements for Small Volume Manufacturers.As used in Section 1960.1(h)(2), the term "small volume manufacturer" shall mean any vehicle manufacturer with California sales less than or equal to 3000 new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs per model year based on the average number of vehicles sold by the manufacturer each model year from 1992 to 1994, except as otherwise noted below. For manufacturers certifying for the first time in California, model-year sales shall be based on projected California sales.
a. Prior to the model year 2001, small volume manufacturers shall not be required to certify, produce, or deliver LEVs and ULEVs for sale in California.
b. If a manufacturer's average California sales exceeds 3000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average number of vehicles sold for any three consecutive model years, the manufacturer shall no longer be treated as a small volume manufacturer and shall comply with the LEV and ULEV requirements applicable for larger manufacturers as specified in 1960.1(h)(2) beginning with the fourth model year after the last of the three consecutive model years.
c. If a manufacturer's average California sales falls below 3000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average number of vehicles sold for any three consecutive model years, the manufacturer shall be treated as a small volume manufacturer and shall be subject to requirements for small volume manufacturers as specified in 1960.1(h)(2) beginning with the next model year.
d. The value of any VECs not used to equalize the previous model-year's debit, shall be discounted by 50% at the beginning of second model year after being earned, discounted to 25% of its original value if not depleted by the beginning of the third model year after being earned, and will have no value if not used by the beginning of the fourth model year after being earned.
e. Any VECs earned prior to the 1998 model year shall be treated as earned in the 1998 model year and discounted in accordance with the schedule specified in note (12)d.
f. Only ZEVs certified as MDVs shall be included in the calculation of VECs.
g. In order to verify the status of a manufacturer's compliance with the phase-in requirements of this section and in order to confirm the accrual of VECs or VEDs, each manufacturer shall submit an annual report to the Executive Officer which sets forth the production data used to establish compliance by no later than March 1 of the calendar year following the close of the model year.
b. Manufacturers shall equalize emission debits within one model year by earning VECs in an amount equal to their previous model-year's total of VEDs, or by submitting a commensurate amount of VECs to the Executive Officer that were earned previously or acquired from another manufacturer. Any manufacturer which fails to equalize emission debits within the specified time period shall be subject to the Health and Safety Code civil penalty applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new motor vehicle that does not meet the applicable emission standards adopted by the state board. The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue when the emission debits are not equalized by the end of the specified time period, for the purposes of Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number of vehicles not meeting the state board's emission standards shall be equal to the amount of VEDs incurred.
c. The VECs earned in any given model year shall retain full value through the subsequent model year.
(i) The exhaust emissions from new 1981 and subsequent model passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles certified to special standards authorized by sections 1960.2, 1960.3, and 1960.4, subchapter 1, Chapter 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, shall not exceed [FN1]:
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SPECIAL EXHAUST [FN10]EMISSION STANDARDS (grams per mile)


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Equivalent Durability
Inertia Vehicle
Vehicle Weight Basis Non-Methane Carbon Oxides of
Year Type [FN2] (lbs.) [FN3] (mi) Hydrocarbons Monoxide
1981.......... PC [FN6] All 50,000 0.39 (0.41)
LDT, MDV [FN7] 0-3999 50,000 0.39 (0.41) 9.0
1982 [FN8].... PC All 50,000 0.39 (0.41)
1983 [FN8].... PC All 50,000 0.39 (0.41)
LDT, MDV 0-3999 50,000 0.39 (0.41) 9.0
1984 [FN8].... PC All 50,000 0.39 (0.41)
LDT, MDV 0-3999 50,000 0.39 (0.41) 9.0
1985 [FN8].... LDT, MDV 0-3999 50,000 0.39 (0.41)
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+....

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Nitrogen [FN5]
7.0 1.5
1.5
7.0 1.0
7.0 0.7 9
1.0
7.0 0.7
0.7 9
9.0 0.7
80..+...90....+....0....

[FN1] Subsection (i) shall remain in effect until December 31, 1990, and as of that date is repealed unless a later regulation deletes or extends that date. Notwithstanding the repeal or expiration of this regulation on December 31, 1990, the provisions of the regulation as they existed prior to such repeal or expiration shall continue to be operative and effective for those events occurring prior to the repeal or expiration.
[FN2] "PC" means passenger cars. "LDT" means light-duty trucks. "MDV" means medium-duty vehicles.
[FN3] Equivalent inertia weights are determined under subparagraph 40 CFR 86.129-79(a).
[FN4] Hydrocarbon standards in parentheses apply to total hydrocarbons.
[FN5] The maximum projected emissions of oxides of nitrogen measured on the federal Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET; 40 CFR Part 600, Subpart B) shall be no greater than 1.33 times the applicable passenger car standards and 2.0 times the applicable light-duty truck and medium-duty vehicle standards shown in the table. Both the projected emissions and the HWFET standard shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 gm/mi before being compared.
[FN6] For vehicles certified to special standards authorized by section 1960.2, Article 2, Subchapter 1, Chapter 3, Title 13, California Administrative Code.
[FN7] For vehicles certified to special standards authorized by section 1960.3, Article 2, Subchapter 1, Chapter 3, Title 13, California Administrative Code.
[FN8] For vehicles certified to special standards authorized by section 1960.4, Article 2, Subchapter 1, Chapter 3, Title 13, California Administrative Code. Special standards revert to "1983 and subsequent" standards for 1985 and subsequent passenger cars and 1986 and subsequent LDTs and MDVs.
[FN9] The Executive Officer may grant limited relief from the 1983 passenger car and 1984 LDT and MDV special NO x standard to a manufacturer who exceeds the standard because of unforeseen technical problems.
[FN10] Diesel passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles are subject to the following particulate exhaust emission standards: 0.4 g/mi for the 1985 model year, 0.2 g/mi for the 1986 through 1988 model years, and 0.08 g/mi for the 1989 and subsequent model years. The particulate compliance shall be determined on a 50,000 mile durability vehicle basis.
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(j) For Option 1 in the tables in sections (f)(1) and (f)(2), the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide compliance shall be determined on a 50,000-mile durability vehicle basis. For Option 2 in the table in section (f)(2), the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide compliance shall be determined on a 100,000-mile durability basis.
(k) The test procedures for determining compliance with these standards are set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1981 through 1987 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," adopted by the state board on November 23, 1976, as last amended May 20, 1987, and in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," adopted by the state board on May 20, 1987, as last amended August 5, 1999, both of which are incorporated herein by reference, and in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). The test procedures for determining the compliance of 2001 through 2006 model-year hybrid electric vehicles with the standards set forth in this section are set forth in "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2005 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes, as incorporated by reference in section 1962(h).
(l) With respect to any new vehicle required to comply with the standards set forth in paragraphs (a) through (h), the manufacturer's written maintenance instructions for in-use vehicles shall not require scheduled maintenance more frequently than or beyond the scope of maintenance permitted under the test procedures referenced in paragraph (k) above. Any failure to perform scheduled maintenance shall not excuse an emissions violation unless the failure is related to or causative of the violation.
(m) Any 1982, 1983, and 1984 model year vehicle required to comply with the standards set forth in paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and (f) which is subject to a standard set by federal law or regulation controlling emissions of particulate matter must conform to such standard.
(n) For purposes of section 1960.1(a) through (f), section 1960.1(h)(1), and section 1960.1.5, "small volume manufacturer" for the 2000 and earlier model years is any vehicle manufacturer which was subject to "in lieu" standards pursuant to section 202(b)(1)(B) of the Federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. section 7521(b)(1)(B), as amended November 16, 1977) or a vehicle manufacturer with California sales not exceeding 3,000 new motor vehicles per model year based on previous model-year sales; however, for manufacturers certifying for the first time in California model year sales shall be based on projected California sales.
(o) [Reserved]
(p) The cold temperature exhaust carbon monoxide emission levels from new 1996 through 2000 and subsequent model-year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles shall not exceed:
1996 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL-YEAR COLD TEMPERATURE CARBON MONOXIDE EXHAUST
EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY
VEHICLES [FN1,2] (grams per mile)

Loaded Durability
Vehicle Vehicle
Vehicle Weight Basis Carbon
Type (lbs.) (mi) Monoxide
Passenger Car All 50,000 10.0
Light-Duty Truck 0-3750 50,000 10.0
Light-Duty Truck 3751-5750 50,000 12.5
Medium-Duty Vehicle 0-3750 50,000 10.0
Medium-Duty Vehicle 3750-8500 [FN3] 50,000 12.5

(1) These standards are applicable to vehicles tested in accordance with 40 CFR Part 86 Subpart C, at a nominal temperature of 20 [FN0] F (-7 [FN0] C).
(2) Natural gas vehicles, diesel-fueled vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and zero-emission vehicles are exempt from these standards.
(3) Medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 8,500 lbs. are exempt from this standard.
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(q) The Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) exhaust emission levels from new 2001 and subsequent model passenger cars and light-duty trucks, other than low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles, and zero-emission vehicles, shall not exceed:
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SFTP EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS FOR 2001 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL-YEAR PASSENGER
CARS AND LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS OTHER THAN LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES, ULTRA-LOW-EMISSION
VEHICLES, AND ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES (grams per mile) %n4,5,6,7,8,9,10

%n CO
Loaded Durability NMHC
Vehicle Vehicle Vehicle Fuel NOx A/C US06 Composite
Type Weight (lbs.) Basis (mi) Type Composite Test Test Option
PC All 50,000 Gasoline 0.65 3.0 9.0 3.4
Diesel 1.48 NA 9.0 3.4
100,000 Gasoline 0.91 3.7 11.1 4.2
Diesel 2.07 NA 11.1 4.2
LDT 0-3750 50,000 Gasoline 0.65 3.0 9.0 3.4
Diesel 1.48 NA 9.0 3.4
100,000 Gasoline 0.91 3.7 11.1 4.2
Diesel 2.07 NA 11.1 4.2
LDT 3751-5750 50,000 Gasoline 1.02 3.9 11.6 4.4
Diesel NA NA NA NA
100,000 Gasoline 1.37 4.9 14.6 5.5
Diesel NA NA NA NA

[FN1] Abbreviations.
"PC" means passenger car.
"LDT" means light-duty truck.
"NMHC+NOx" means non-methane hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen emissions.
"CO" means carbon monoxide emissions.
"A/C" means air-conditioning.
"US06" means the test cycle designed to evaluate emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving.
[FN2] Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Emissions.For PCs and LDTs certified to the FTP exhaust standards in section 1960.1(f)(2), hydrocarbon emissions shall be measured in accordance with the "California Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Test Procedures" as last amended May 15, 1990, which is incorporated herein by reference. For PCs and LDTs certified as transitional low-emission vehicles, hydrocarbon emissions shall be measured in accordance with Part B (Determination of Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Mass Emissions by Flame Ionization Detection) of the "California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(g)(1), note (3). For alcohol-fueled vehicles certifying to these standards, including flexible-fuel vehicles when certifying on methanol or ethanol, "Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" shall mean "Organic Material Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent."
[FN3] Composite Standards.Compliance with the composite standards shall be demonstrated using the calculations set forth in the section 86.164-00, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted October 22, 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[FN4] SFTP.SFTP means the additional test procedure designed to measure emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving, as described in section 86.159-00, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted October 22, 1996, over the US06 cycle, and also the test procedure designed to measure urban driving emissions while the vehicle's air conditioning system is operating, as described in section 86.160-00, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted October 22, 1996, over the SC03 cycle. These sections of the Code of Federal Regulations are incorporated herein by reference.
[FN5] Applicability to Alternative Fuel Vehicles.These SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles certified on fuels other than gasoline and diesel fuel, but the standards do apply to the gasoline and diesel fuel operation of flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles.
[FN6] Air to Fuel Ratio Requirement.With the exception of cold-start conditions, warm-up conditions and rapid-throttle motion conditions ( "tip-in" or "tip-out" conditions), the air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any time than, for a given engine operating condition (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters), the leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best torque), with a tolerance of six percent of the fuel consumption. The Executive Officer may approve a manufacturer's request for approval to use additional enrichment in subsequent testing if the manufacturer demonstrates that additional enrichment is needed to protect the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
[FN7] A/C-on Specific Calibrations. A/C-on specific calibrations (e.g. air to fuel ratio, spark timing, and exhaust gas recirculation), may be used which differ from A/C-off calibrations for given engine operating conditions (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters). Such calibrations must not unnecessarily reduce the NMHC+NOx emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the vehicle is operated under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered during normal operation and use. If reductions in control system NMHC+NOx effectiveness do occur as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer shall, in the Application for Certification, specify the circumstances under which such reductions do occur, and the reason for the use of such calibrations resulting in such reductions in control system effectiveness.
A/C-on specific "open-loop" or "commanded enrichment" air-fuel enrichment strategies (as defined below), which differ from A/C-off "open-loop" or "commanded enrichment" air-fuel enrichment strategies, may not be used, with the following exceptions: cold-start and warm-up conditions, or, subject to Executive Officer approval, conditions requiring the protection of the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware. Other than these exceptions, such strategies which are invoked based on manifold pressure, engine speed, throttle position, or other engine parameters shall use the same engine parameter criteria for the invoking of this air-fuel enrichment strategy and the same degree of enrichment regardless of whether the A/C is on or off.
"Open-loop" or "commanded" air-fuel enrichment strategy is defined as enrichment of the air to fuel ratio beyond stoichiometry for the purposes of increasing engine power output and the protection of engine or emissions control hardware. However, "closed-loop biasing," defined as small changes in the air-fuel ratio for the purposes of optimizing vehicle emissions or driveability, shall not be considered an "open-loop" or "commanded" air-fuel enrichment strategy. In addition, "transient" air-fuel enrichment strategy (or "tip-in" and "tip-out" enrichment), defined as the temporary use of an air-fuel ratio rich of stoichiometry at the beginning or duration of rapid throttle motion, shall not be considered an "open-loop" or "commanded" air-fuel enrichment strategy.
[FN8] "Lean-On-Cruise" Calibration Strategies.In the Application for Certification, the manufacturer shall state whether any "lean-on-cruise" strategies are incorporated into the vehicle design. A "lean-on-cruise" air-fuel calibration strategy is defined as the use of an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry, during non-deceleration conditions at speeds above 40 mph. "Lean-on-cruise" air-fuel calibration strategies shall not be employed during vehicle operation in normal driving conditions, including A/C-usage, unless at least one of the following conditions is met:
1. Such strategies are substantially employed during the FTP or SFTP, or
2. Such strategies are demonstrated not to significantly reduce vehicle NMHC+NOx emission control effectiveness over the operating conditions in which they are employed, or
3. Such strategies are demonstrated to be necessary to protect the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
If the manufacturer proposes to use a "lean-on-cruise" calibration strategy, the manufacturer shall specify the circumstances under which such a calibration would be used, and the reason or reasons for the proposed use of such a calibration.
The above provisions shall not apply to vehicles powered by "lean-burn" engines or Diesel-cycle engines. A "lean-burn" engine is defined as an Otto-cycle engine designed to run at an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry during the large majority of its operation.
[FN9] Phase-In Requirements.For the purposes of this section 1960.1(q) only, each manufacturer's PC and LDT fleet shall be defined as the total projected number of PCs and LDTs from 0-5750 pounds loaded vehicle weight certified to the FTP exhaust standards of section 1960.1(f)(2) and certified as transitional low-emission vehicles sold in California. As an option, a manufacturer may elect to have its total PC and LDT fleet defined, for the purposes of this section 1960.1(q) only, as the total projected number of the manufacturer's PCs and LDTs, other than zero-emission vehicles, certified and sold in California.
a. Manufacturers of PCs and of LDTs, except small volume manufacturers, shall certify a minimum percentage of their PC and LDT fleet according to the following phase-in schedule.
Model Year Percentage of PC and LDT Fleet
2001 25
2002 50
2003 85
2004 and subsequent 100

b. Small volume manufacturers of PCs and LDTs shall certify 100% of their PC and LDT fleet in the 2004 and subsequent model years.
[FN10] Single-Roll Electric Dynamometer Requirement.For all vehicles certified to the SFTP standards, a single-roll electric dynamometer or a dynamometer which produces equivalent results, as set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), must be used for all types of emission testing to determine compliance with the associated emission standards.
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(r) The Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) standards in this section represent the maximum SFTP exhaust emissions at 4,000 miles + 250 miles or at the mileage determined by the manufacturer for emission-data vehicles in accordance with the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), and with the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles," as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). The SFTP exhaust emission levels from new 2001 and subsequent model low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles in the passenger car and light-duty truck class, and new 2003 and subsequent low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles, and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles in the medium-duty class, shall not exceed:
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SFTP EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS FOR LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES, ULTRA-LOW-EMISSION
VEHICLES, AND SUPER-ULTRA-LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES IN THE PASSENGER CAR, LIGHT-
DUTY TRUCK, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES (grams per mile) %n6,7,8,9,10,11

%n US06 Test A/C Test
[FN1,5]
Vehicle Loaded Vehicle NMHC NMHC [FN4] +
[FN4]+
Type Weight (lbs.) [FN2] NOx [FN1] CO [FN1] NOx CO
[FN1] [FN1]
PC All 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7
LDT 0-3750 0.14 8.0 0.20 2.7
LDT 3751-5750 0.25 10.5 0.27 3.5
MDV 3751-5750 0.40 10.5 0.31 3.5
MDV 5751-8500 [FN3] 0.60 11.8 0.44 4.0
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

[FN1] Abbreviations and Definitions.For the purposes of this SFTP standards table only, the following abbreviations and definitions apply:
"PC" means passenger car.
"LDT" means light-duty truck, defined as any motor vehicle rated at 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less, which is designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.
"MDV" means medium-duty truck, defined as any motor vehicle having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 6,000 pounds and less than 14,001 pounds, except passenger cars.
"NMHC+NOx" means non-methane hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen emissions.
"CO" means carbon monoxide emissions.
"US06" means the test cycle designed to evaluate emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving.
"A/C" means air-conditioning.
[FN2] For MDVs, "Loaded Vehicle Weight" shall mean "Test Weight," which is the average of the vehicle's curb weight and gross vehicle weight.
[FN3] Vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating over 8,500 pounds are exempted from the requirements of this subsection.
[FN4] Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Emissions.Hydrocarbon emissions shall be measured in accordance with Part B (Determination of Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Mass Emissions by Flame Ionization Detection) of the "California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(g)(1), note (3). For alcohol-fueled vehicles certifying to these standards, including flexible-fuel vehicles when certifying on methanol or ethanol, "Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" shall mean "Organic Material Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent."
[FN5] A/C-on Specific Calibrations. A/C-on specific calibrations (e.g. air to fuel ratio, spark timing, and exhaust gas recirculation), may be used which differ from A/C-off calibrations for given engine operating conditions (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters). Such calibrations must not unnecessarily reduce the NMHC+NOx emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the vehicle is operated under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered during normal operation and use. If reductions in control system NMHC+NOx effectiveness do occur as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer shall, in the Application for Certification, specify the circumstances under which such reductions do occur, and the reason for the use of such calibrations resulting in such reductions in control system effectiveness.
A/C-on specific "open-loop" or "commanded enrichment" air-fuel enrichment strategies (as defined below), which differ from A/C-off "open-loop" or "commanded enrichment" air-fuel enrichment strategies, may not be used, with the following exceptions: cold-start and warm-up conditions, or, subject to Executive Officer approval, conditions requiring the protection of the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware. Other than these exceptions, such strategies which are invoked based on manifold pressure, engine speed, throttle position, or other engine parameters shall use the same engine parameter criteria for the invoking of this air-fuel enrichment strategy and the same degree of enrichment regardless of whether the A/C is on or off.
"Open-loop" or "commanded" air-fuel enrichment strategy is defined as enrichment of the air to fuel ratio beyond stoichiometry for the purposes of increasing engine power output and the protection of engine or emissions control hardware. However, "closed-loop biasing," defined as small changes in the air-fuel ratio for the purposes of optimizing vehicle emissions or driveability, shall not be considered an "open-loop" or "commanded" air-fuel enrichment strategy. In addition, "transient" air-fuel enrichment strategy (or "tip-in" and "tip-out" enrichment), defined as the temporary use of an air-fuel ratio rich of stoichiometry at the beginning or duration of rapid throttle motion, shall not be considered an "open-loop" or "commanded" air-fuel enrichment strategy.
[FN6] SFTP.SFTP means the additional test procedure designed to measure emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving, as described in section 86.159-00, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted October 22, 1996, over the US06 cycle, and also the test procedure designed to measure urban driving emissions while the vehicle's air conditioning system is operating, as described in section 86.160-00, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, as adopted October 22, 1996, over the SC03 cycle. These sections of the Code of Federal Regulations are incorporated herein by reference.
[FN7] Applicability to Alternative Fuel Vehicles.These SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles certified on fuels other than gasoline and diesel fuel, but the standards do apply to the gasoline and diesel fuel operation of flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles.
[FN8] Air to Fuel Ratio Requirement.With the exception of cold-start conditions, warm-up conditions and rapid-throttle motion conditions ( "tip-in" or "tip-out" conditions), the air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any time than, for a given engine operating condition (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters), the leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best torque), with a tolerance of six percent of the fuel consumption. The Executive Officer may approve a manufacturer's request for approval to use additional enrichment in subsequent testing if the manufacturer demonstrates that additional enrichment is needed to protect the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
[FN9] "Lean-On-Cruise" Calibration Strategies.In the Application for Certification, the manufacturer shall state whether any "lean-on-cruise" strategies are incorporated into the vehicle design. A "lean-on-cruise" air-fuel calibration strategy is defined as the use of an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry, during non-deceleration conditions at speeds above 40 mph. "Lean-on-cruise" air-fuel calibration strategies shall not be employed during vehicle operation in normal driving conditions, including A/C-usage, unless at least one of the following conditions is met:
1. Such strategies are substantially employed during the FTP or SFTP, or
2. Such strategies are demonstrated not to significantly reduce vehicle NMHC+NOx emission control effectiveness over the operating conditions in which they are employed, or
3. Such strategies are demonstrated to be necessary to protect the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
If the manufacturer proposes to use a "lean-on-cruise" calibration strategy, the manufacturer shall specify the circumstances under which such a calibration would be used, and the reason or reasons for the proposed use of such a calibration.
The above provisions shall not apply to vehicles powered by "lean-burn" engines or Diesel-cycle engines. A "lean-burn" engine is defined as an Otto-cycle engine designed to run at an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry during the large majority of its operation.
[FN10] Phase-In Requirements.For the purposes of this 1960.1(r) section only, each manufacturer's PC and LDT fleet shall be defined as the total projected number of low-emission and ultra-low-emission PCs and LDTs from 0- 5750 pounds loaded vehicle weight sold in California. Each manufacturer's MDV fleet shall be defined as the total projected number of low-emission, ultra-low-emission, and super-ultra-low-emission MDVs less than 8501 pounds gross vehicle weight rating sold in California.
a. Manufacturers of PCs, LDTs, and MDVs, except small volume manufacturers, shall certify a minimum percentage of their PC and LDT fleet, and a minimum percentage of their MDV fleet, according to the following phase-in schedule.
Percentage
Model Year PC, LDT MDV
2001 25 NA
2002 50 NA
2003 85 25
2004 100 50
2005 and subsequent 100 100

b. Manufacturers may use an "Alternative or Equivalent Phase-in Schedule" to comply with the phase-in requirements. An "Alternative Phase-in" is one that achieves at least equivalent emission reductions by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in. Model-year emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of vehicles (based on the manufacturer's projected California sales volume of the applicable vehicle fleet) meeting the new requirements per model year by the number of model years implemented prior to and including the last model year of the scheduled phase-in. The "cumulative total" is the summation of the model-year emission reductions (e.g., a four model-year 25/50/85/100 percent phase-in schedule would be calculated as: (25%*4 years) + (50%*3 years) + (85%*2 years) + (100%*1 year) = 520). Any alternative phase-in that results in an equal or larger cumulative total than the required cumulative total by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in shall be considered acceptable by the Executive Officer under the following conditions: 1) all vehicles subject to the phase-in shall comply with the respective requirements in the last model year of the required phase-in schedule and 2) if a manufacturer uses the optional phase-in percentage determination in section 1960.1(q) note (9), the cumulative total of model-year emission reductions as determined only for PCs and LDTs certified to this section 1960.1(r) must also be equal to or larger than the required cumulative total by end of the 2004 model year. Manufacturers shall be allowed to include vehicles introduced before the first model year of the scheduled phase-in (e.g., in the previous example, 10 percent introduced one year before the scheduled phase-in begins would be calculated as: (10%*5 years) and added to the cumulative total).
c. Small volume manufacturers of PCs, LDTs, and MDVs shall certify 100% of their PC and LDT fleet in 2004 and subsequent model years, and 100% of their MDV fleet in 2005 and subsequent model years.
[FN11] Single-Roll Electric Dynamometer Requirement.For all vehicles certified to the SFTP standards, a single-roll electric dynamometer or a dynamometer which produces equivalent results, as set forth in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles" as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), must be used for all types of emission testing to determine compliance with the associated emission standards.
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Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43103, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107 and 43204-43205.5, Health and Safety Code.



s 1960.1.5. Optional NOx Standards for 1983 and Later Model Passenger Cars, and Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles Less Than 4000 Lbs. Equivalent InertiaWeight (EIW) or 3751 Lbs. Loaded Vehicle Weight (LVW). (continued)