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(continued)
(f) Headroom. The minimum headroom of working space about switchboards, panelboards and motor controllers, which require manual operation or where there are energized parts exposed at any time, shall be 6 feet 3 inches.
WORKSPACE REQUIREMENTS (See Section 2340.16)
Plate 2340.16(a)(1)
WORKSPACE -PLAN VIEW (0-150 Volts)
WORKSPACE -PLAN VIEW (150-600 Volts)
Workspace--WIDTH: 30 inches wide, or the width of the equipment,PCAWORKSPACE REQUIREMENTS (See Section 2340.16)
Plate 2340.16(a)(2)
WORKSPACE--HEIGHT
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.17. Guarding of Energized Parts.
(a) Except as elsewhere required or permitted by these orders, energized parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded against accidental contact by approved cabinets or other forms of approved enclosures or by any of the following means:
(1) By location in a room, vault, or similar enclosure that is accessible only to qualified persons.
(2) By suitable permanent, substantial partitions or screens so arranged that only qualified persons will have access to the space within reach of the energized parts. Any openings in such partitions or screens shall be so sized and located that persons are not likely to come into accidental contact with the energized parts or to bring conducting objects into contact with them.
(3) By location on a suitable balcony, gallery, or platform so elevate and arranged as to exclude unqualified persons.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 110-17(a).)
(b) Entrances to rooms and other guarded locations containing exposed energized parts shall be marked with conspicuous warning signs forbidding unqualified persons to enter.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 110-17(c).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.18. Arcing Parts.
Parts of electric equipment which in ordinary operation produce arcs, sparks, flames, or molten metal shall be enclosed or separated and isolated from all combustible material.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 110-18.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.21. Marking.
On all electrical equipment, markings shall be provided giving voltage, current, wattage, or other ratings. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 110-21.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.22. Identification of Equipment.
(a) Each disconnecting means for motors and utilization equipment and for each service, feeder, or branch circuit at the point where it originates shall be legibly marked to indicate its purpose unless located and arranged so the purpose is evident. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 110-22.)
(b) Each service disconnecting means shall plainly indicate whether it is in the open or closed position.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 230-77.)
(c) Each motor controller shall be legibly marked to indicate the motor it controls. Each motor shall have corresponding marking unless located and arranged so that the control point is evident.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.23. Openings.
All openings in boxes, enclosures or fittings shall be effectively guarded or closed to afford protection substantially equivalent to that of the wall of the box, enclosure, or fitting.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-110-23.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.24. Discontinued Circuits.
When a circuit is abandoned or discontinued, its conductors shall be removed from the raceways, or be maintained as if in use.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-110-24.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.26. Mechanical Protection.
In locations where electric equipment would be exposed to physical damage, enclosures or guards shall be so arranged and of such strength as to prevent such damage.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-110-26.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2340.27. Location of Control and Protective Devices.
All switches, circuit breakers, fuses and other control and protective devices shall be so located or arranged that they may be safely operated, removed or repaired.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-110-27.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2350.2. General.
(a) Grounded conductors in premises wiring systems shall be identified in a suitable manner.
(b) The grounded conductor, when insulated, shall have insulation which is suitable, other than color, for any ungrounded conductor of the same circuit.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 200-2.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2350.3. Connection to Grounded System.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2350.6. Means of Identifying Grounded Conductors.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2350.7. Use of White or Natural Gray Color.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2350.9. Means of Identification of Terminals.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2350.10. Identification of Terminals.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2350.11. Polarity of Connections.
No grounded or grounding conductor shall be attached to any terminal or lead so as to reverse designated polarity.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 200-11.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2375.1. Scope.
This Article covers electric equipment, open wiring and cables located on or attached to the outside of buildings, or run between buildings, other structures or poles.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 225-1 without Exception.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2375.7. Lighting Equipment on Poles or Other Structures.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2375.10. Wiring on Buildings.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2375.12. Open-Conductor Supports.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2375.13. Festoon Supports.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2375.18. Clearance from Ground.
Open wiring and cables shall conform to the following:
Above areas (other than thoroughfares) where it is possible to drive 16 feet
vehicles ...........................................................
Above areas accessible to pedestrians only ........................... 12 feet
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-225-18.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2375.19. Clearances from Buildings.
(a) Over roofs. Open wiring and cables shall have a clearance of not less than 8 feet from the highest point of roofs over which they pass.
Exception: No. 1: Where the voltage between conductors does not exceed 300 and the roof has a slope of not less than 4 inches in 12 inches, a reduction in clearance to 3 feet shall be permitted.
Exception: No. 2: Where the voltage between conductors does not exceed 300, a reduction in clearance over the roof to 18 inches shall be permitted if:
a. They do not pass over more than 4 feet of the overhang portion of the roof; and
b. They are terminated at a (through-the-roof) raceway or approved support.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-225-19(a).)
(b) Horizontal Clearances. Open wiring and cables not attached to a building shall have a minimum horizontal clearance of 3 feet.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-225-19(b).)
(c) Final Spans.
(1) Open wiring and cables to a building they supply or from which they are fed shall be permitted to be attached to the building, but they shall be kept 3 feet from windows, doors, porches, fire escapes, or similar locations.
(2) Conductors run above the top level of a window shall be permitted to be less than 3 feet above the window provided that they are at the maximum practical distance and that in no case are they less than 1 foot above the window.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 3-225-19(c).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2375.25. Location of Outdoor Lamps.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2390.1. General.
Conductors and equipment shall be protected from overcurrent in accordance with their ability to safely conduct current.
(Title 24, Part 3, Sections 3-240-2 and 3-240-3.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2390.24. Location.
Overcurrent devices shall be readily accessible.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 240-24(a) without Exceptions.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2390.41. Arcing or Suddenly Moving Parts.
Arcing or suddenly moving parts shall comply with the following:
(a) Location. Fuses and circuit breakers shall be so located or shielded that persons will not be burned or otherwise injured by their operation.
(b) Suddenly Moving Parts. Handles or levers of circuit breakers, and similar parts which may move suddenly in such a way that persons in the vicinity are liable to be injured by being struck by them, shall be guarded or isolated.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 240-41.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2390.42. Indicating.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2390.43. Circuit Breakers Used as Switches.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2390.81. Indicating.
Circuit breakers shall clearly indicate whether they are in the open "off" or closed "on" position.
Where circuit breaker handles on switchboards or in panelboards are operated vertically rather than rotationally or horizontally, the up position of the handle shall be the "on" position.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 240-81.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2390.83. Circuit Breakers Used as Switches.
Where used as switches in 120-volt and 277-volt fluorescent lighting circuits, circuit breakers shall be approved for the purpose and shall be marked "SWD." (Title 24, Part 3, Section 240-83(d).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.1. Scope.
This Article covers general requirements for grounding and bonding of electrical installations, and specific requirements in Section 2395.1(a) through (g) below.
(a) Systems, circuits, and equipment required, permitted, or not permitted to be grounded.
(b) Circuit conductor to be grounded on grounded systems.
(c) Location of grounding connections.
(d) Types and sizes of grounding and bonding conductors and electrodes.
(e) Methods of grounding and bonding.
(f) Conditions under which guards, isolation, or insulation may be substituted for grounding.
(g) Connections for lightning rods.
Note: Circuits are grounded to limit excessive voltages from lightning line surges, or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines and to limit the voltage to ground during normal operation.
Note: Conductive materials enclosing electric conductors or equipment, or forming part of such equipment, are grounded for the purpose of preventing a voltage above ground on these materials.
(Title 24, Part 3, Sections 250-1 and 3-250-1(g).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.3. Direct-Current Systems.
(a) Two-Wire Direct Current Systems. Two-wire DC systems supplying premises wiring shall be grounded.
Exception: No.1: A system equipped with a ground detector and supplying only industrial equipment in limited areas.
Exception: No.2: A system operating at 50 volts or less between conductors.
Exception: No.3: A system operating at over 300 volts between conductors.
Exception: No.4: A rectifier derived DC system supplied from a grounded AC system.
Exception: No.5: DC Fire Protective Signaling Circuits having a maximum current of 0.030 amperes.
(b) Three-Wire Direct-Current Systems. The neutral conductor of all 3-wire DC systems supplying premises wiring shall be grounded.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-3).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.5. Alternating-Current Circuits and Systems to Be Grounded.
AC circuits and systems shall be grounded as provided for in this Section.
(a) AC circuits of less than 50 volts shall be grounded under any of the following conditions:
(1) Where supplied by transformers if the transformer supply system exceeds 150 volts to ground.
(2) Where supplied by transformers if the transformer supply is ungrounded.
(3) Where installed as overhead conductors outside of buildings.
(b) AC systems of 50 volts or more supplying premises wiring and premises wiring systems shall be grounded under any of the following conditions:
(1) Where the system can be so grounded that the maximum voltage to ground on the ungrounded conductors does not exceed 150 volts.
(2) Where the system voltage is rated 480Y/277, 3-phase, 4-wire in which the neutral is used as a circuit conductor.
(3) Where the system voltage is rated 240/120, 3-phase, 4-wire in which the midpoint of one phase is used as a circuit conductor.
(4) Where a service conductor is uninsulated.
Exception: No. 1: Electric systems used exclusively to supply industrial electric furnaces for melting, refining, tempering, and the like.
Exception: No. 2: Separately derived systems used exclusively for rectifiers supplying only adjustable speed industrial drives.
Exception: No. 3: Separately derived systems supplied by transformers that have a primary voltage rating less than 1000 volts provided that all of the following conditions are met:
a. The system is used exclusively for control circuits.
b. The conditions of maintenance and supervision assure that only qualified persons will service the installation.
c. Continuity of control power is required.
d. Ground detectors are installed on the control system.
Exception: No. 4: Isolated systems as permitted in health care facilities.
Note: The proper use of suitable ground detectors on ungrounded systems can provide additional protection.
(c) Separately Derived Systems. A premises wiring system, which is required to be grounded in Subsections (a) or (b) above and whose power is derived from generator, transformer, or convertor windings, shall be grounded. However, a separate system ground shall not be required where there is a direct electrical connection, including a solidly grounded circuit conductor, to supply conductors originating in another supply system.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-5(a), (b), (d).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.6. Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators.
(a) Under the following conditions, the frame of a portable or a vehicle-mounted generator need not be grounded and shall be permitted to serve as the grounding electrode for a system supplied by the generator:
(1) The noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment located on the vehicle and the equipment grounding conductor terminals of the receptacles are bonded to the generator or vehicle frame, and
(2) The generator supplies only equipment located on the vehicle or the generator and/or cord- and plug-connected equipment through receptacles mounted on the vehicle or on the generator, and
(3) The frame of a vehicle-mounted generator is bonded to the vehicle frame, or
(4) The generator is single-phase, portable or vehicle-mounted, rated not more than 5 KW, and the circuit conductors of the generator are insulated from the generator frame and all other grounded surfaces.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2395.7. Circuits Not to Be Grounded.
Circuits for electric cranes operating over combustible fibers in Class III locations shall not be grounded.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-7(a).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.21. Objectionable Current over Grounding Conductors.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.23. Grounding Connections for Alternating-Current Systems.
For a grounded system, a grounding electrode conductor shall be used to connect both the equipment grounding conductor and the grounded circuit conductor to the grounding electrode. Both the equipment grounding conductor and the grounding electrode conductor shall be connected to the grounded circuit conductor on the supply side of the service disconnecting means, or on the supply side of the system disconnecting means or overcurrent devices if the system is separately derived.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-23.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.25. Conductor to Be Grounded - Alternating-Current Systems.
For AC premises wiring systems the identified conductor shall be grounded.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-25.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.26. Grounding Separately Derived Alternating-Current Systems.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.32. Service Raceways and Enclosures.
Metal enclosures for service conductors and equipment shall be grounded.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-32.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.33. Other Conductor Enclosures.
Metal enclosures for other than service conductors shall be grounded.
Exception: Metal enclosures used to protect cable assemblies from physical damage shall not be required to be grounded where installed in a dry location.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-33 without Exception 1.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.42. Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods (Fixed).
Exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts of fixed equipment likely to become energized under abnormal conditions shall be grounded under any of the conditions specified in (a) through (g) below.
(a) Where within 8 feet vertically or 5 feet horizontally of ground or grounded metal objects and subject to contact by persons.
(b) Where located in a wet or damp location and not isolated.
(c) Where in electrical contact with metal.
(d) Where in a hazardous location as covered by Article 59.
(e) Where supplied by a metal-clad, metal-sheathed, or metal-raceway wiring method, except as permitted by Section 2395.33 for short sections of raceway.
(f) Where equipment operates with any terminal at over 150 volts to ground.
(g) Grounding of equipment mounted on poles shall comply with the Rules of Overhead Electric Line Construction of the California Public Utilities Commission, General Order No. 95.
(Title 24, Part 3, Sections 250-42(a)-(f) and 3-250-42(g).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.43. Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods (Fixed) -Specific.
Exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of the kinds of equipment described in (a) through (j) below, regardless of voltage, shall be grounded:
(a) Switchboard frames and structures supporting switching equipment.
Exception: Frames of DC, single-polarity switchboards where effectively insulated, and marked "Switchboard Frame Not Grounded," or equivalent wording.
(b) Generator and motor frames in an electrically operated organ.
Exception: Where the generator is effectively insulated from ground and from the motor driving it, and marked "Generator Frame Not Grounded," or equivalent wording.
(c) Motor frames.
(d) Enclosures for motor controllers
Exception: Lined covers of snap switches.
(e) Electric equipment for elevators and cranes.
(f) Electric equipment in garages, theaters, and motion picture studios.
Exception: Electric equipment specifically exempted by Section 2553.20.
(g) Electric signs and associated equipment.
Exception: Where insulated from ground and from other conductive objects and accessible only to qualified persons.
(h) Motion picture projection equipment.
(i) Equipment supplied by Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 remote-control and signalling circuits where required o be grounded by Sections 2395.3 and 2395.5 of this Article.
(j) Lighting fixtures.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-43.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.44. Nonelectrical Equipment.
The metal parts of nonelectrical equipment described in (a) through (c) below shall be grounded.
(a) Frames and tracks of electrically operated cranes.
(b) Frames of nonelectrically driven elevator cars to which electric conductors are attached.
(c) Metal partitions, grill work, and similar metal enclosures around equipment.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.45. Equipment Connected by Cord and Plug.
(a) The exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts of the following cord- and plug-connected equipment shall be grounded, where such exposed metal parts are likely to become energized:
(1) Refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioners.
(2) Clothes-washing, clothes-drying and dishwashing machines, sump pumps, and electrical aquarium equipment.
(3) Portable, hand-held, motor-operated tools and utilization equipment such as drills, hedge clippers, lawn mowers, wet scrubbers, sanders and saws.
(4) Utilization equipment used in damp or wet locations or by persons standing on the ground or on metal or exposed concrete floors or working inside of metal tanks or boilers.
(5) Utilization equipment used in hazardous locations (See Article 59).
(6) Any electric equipment which is operated at over 150 volts to ground.
(7) Portable hand lamps.
(8) Portable and mobile x-ray and associated equipment.
(b) The following equipment shall not be required to be grounded:
(1) Listed portable tools or utilization equipment supplied through an isolating transformer with an ungrounded secondary of not over 50 volts.
(2) Listed portable tools and utilization equipment protected by an approved system of double insulation. Where such a system is employed, the equipment shall be distinctively marked.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.50. Equipment Grounding Connections.
The grounding connection for metal noncurrent-carrying equipment shall be made on the supply side of the service disconnecting means or as outlined in Section 2395.5(c) if for a separately derived system.
(a) For Grounded System. The connection shall be made by bonding the equipment grounding conductor to the grounded circuit conductor and the grounding electrode conductor.
(b) For Ungrounded System. The connection shall be made by bonding the equipment grounding conductor to the grounding electrode conductor.
Exception: For replacement of nongrounding-type receptacles with grounding-type receptacles and for branch-circuit extensions only in existing installations which do not have a grounding conductor in the branch circuit, the grounding conductor of a grounding-type receptacle outlet shall be permitted to be grounded to a grounded cold water pipe near the equipment.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-50.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.51. Effective Grounding.
(a) The path to ground from circuits, equipment, and conductor enclosures shall:
(1) be permanent and continuous, and
(2) have ample carrying capacity to conduct safely any currents liable to be imposed on it, and
(3) have impedance sufficiently low to limit the potential above ground and to facilitate the operation of the overcurrent devices in the circuit.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-51.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.54. Common Grounding Electrode.
Where an AC system is connected to a grounding electrode in or at a building as specified in Section 2395.23, the same electrode shall be used to ground conductor enclosures and equipment in or on that building.
Note: Two or more electrodes that are effectively bonded together shall be considered as a single electrode in this sense.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-54).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.57. Equipment Fastened in Place or Connected by Permanent Wiring Methods (Fixed) -Grounding.
Noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other enclosures, where required to be grounded, shall be grounded by one of the methods indicated in (a) or (b) below:
(a) By any of the equipment grounding conductors permitted by Section 250- 91(b), Part 3, Title 24, California Administrative Code.
(b) By an equipment grounding conductor contained within the same raceway, cable, or cord or otherwise run with the circuit conductors. Bare, covered or insulated equipment grounding conductors shall be permitted. Individually covered or insulated grounding conductors shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green, or green with one or more yellow stripes.
Exception: No. 1: An insulated conductor larger than No. 6 shall, at the time of installation, be permitted to be permanently identified as a grounding conductor at each end and at every point where the conductor is accessible. Identification shall be accomplished by one of the following:
a. Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length,
b. Coloring the exposed insulation green, or c. Marking the exposed insulation with green colored tape or green colored adhesive labels.
Exception: No. 2: For direct-current circuits only, the equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to be run separately from the circuit conductors.
Exception: No. 3: Where the conditions of maintenance and supervision assure that only qualified persons will service the installation, an insulated conductor in a multiconductor cable shall, at the time of installation, be permitted to be permanently identified as a grounding conductor at each end and at every point where the conductor is accessible by one of the following means:
a. Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length,
b. Coloring the exposed insulation green, or
c. Marking the exposed insulation with green tape or green colored adhesive labels.
Note: See Section 2395.79 for equipment bonding jumper requirements.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-57.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.58. Equipment Considered Effectively Grounded.
The following noncurrent-carrying equipment, under the conditions specified in (a) and (b) below, shall be considered effectively grounded:
(a) Equipment Secured to Grounded Structural Metal. Electric equipment secured to, and in electrical contact with, a metal rack or structure provided for its support and grounded by one of the means indicated in Section 2395.57. The structural metal frame of a building shall not be used as the required AC equipment grounding conductor for installations made after February 25, 1993.
(b) Metal Car Frames. Metal car frames supported by metal hoisting cables attached to or running over metal sheaves or drums of grounded elevator machines.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-58.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.59. Cord- and Plug-Connected Equipment.
Noncurrent-carrying metal parts of cord- and plug-connected equipment, where required to be grounded, shall be grounded by one of the methods indicated in (a), (b), or (c) below:
(a) By means of the metal enclosure of the conductors supplying such equipment if grounding-type attachment plug with one fixed grounding contact is used for grounding the metal enclosure, and if the metal enclosure of the conductors is secured to the attachment plug and to equipment by connectors approved for the purpose.
(b) By means of a grounding conductor run with the power supply conductors in a cable assembly or flexible cord properly terminated in grounding-type attachment plug with one fixed grounding contact. An uninsulated grounding conductor shall be permitted but, if individually covered, the covering shall have a continuous outer finish that is either green or green with one or more yellow stripes .
(c) By means of a separate flexible wire or strap, insulated or bare, protected as well as practicable against physical damage, where part of an approved portable equipment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.61. Use of Grounded Circuit Conductor for Grounding Equipment.
(a) Supply-Side Equipment. A grounded circuit conductor shall be permitted to ground noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment on the supply side of the service disconnecting means, such as meter enclosures, service raceways, etc., and on the supply side of the main disconnecting means of separate buildings and of separately derived systems.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-61(a).)
(b) Load-Side Equipment. A grounded circuit conductor shall not be used for grounding noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment on the load side of the service disconnecting means or on the load side of a separately derived system disconnecting means or the overcurrent devices for a separately derived system not having a main disconnecting means.
Exception: It shall be permissible to ground meter enclosures by connection to the grounded circuit conductor on the load-side of the service disconnect if:
a. No service ground-fault protection is installed; and
b. All meter enclosures are located adjacent to the service disconnecting means.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-61(b) without Exceptions 1 or 2.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.70. General.
Bonding shall be provided where necessary to assure electrical continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any fault current likely to be imposed.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-70.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.71. Bonding Service Equipment.
The metal noncurrent-carrying parts of equipment indicated in (a), (b), and (c) below shall be effectively bonded together:
(a) Service raceways cable trays or service cable armor or sheath;
(b) All service equipment enclosures containing service-entrance conductors, including meter fittings, boxes, or the like, interposed in the service raceway or armor;
(c) Any metallic raceway or armor enclosing a grounding electrode conductor.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-71(a).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.74. Connecting Receptacle Grounding Terminal to Box.
An equipment bonding jumper shall be used to connect the grounding terminal of a grounding-type receptacle to a grounded box.
Exception: No. 1: Where the box is surface-mounted, direct metal-to-metal contact between the device yoke and the box shall be permitted to ground the receptacle to the box. This Exception shall not apply to cover-mounted receptacles unless the box and cover combination are listed as providing satisfactory ground continuity between the box and the receptacle.
Exception: No. 2: Contact devices or yokes designed and listed for the purpose shall be permitted in conjunction with the supporting screws to establish the grounding circuit between the device yoke and flush-type boxes.
Exception: No. 3: Floor boxes designed for and listed as providing satisfactory ground continuity between the box and the device.
Exception: No. 4: Where required for the reduction of electrical noise (electromagnetic interference) on the grounding circuit, a receptacle in which the grounding terminal is purposely insulated from the receptacle mounting means shall be permitted. The receptacle grounding terminal shall be grounded by an insulated equipment grounding conductor run with the circuit conductors. This grounding conductor shall be permitted to pass through one or more panelboards without connection to the panelboard grounding terminal so as to terminate directly at and equipment grounding conductor terminal of the applicable derived system or service.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-74.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.75. Bonding Other Enclosures.
Metal raceways, cable trays, cable armor, cable sheath, enclosures, frames, fittings and other metal noncurrent-carrying parts that are to serve as grounding conductors, shall be effectively bonded.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-75.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.78. Bonding in Hazardous Locations.
Regardless of the voltage of the electrical system, the electrical continuity of metal noncurrent-carrying parts of equipment, raceways, and other enclosures in any hazardous location as defined in Article 59 of these Orders shall be assured by any of the methods specified for services that are approved for the wiring method used.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-78.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.79. Equipment Bonding Jumpers.
(a) Material. Equipment bonding jumpers shall be of copper or other corrosion-resistant material.
(b) Attachment. Equipment bonding jumpers shall be attached in the manner specified by the applicable provisions of Section 2395.113 for circuits and equipment.
(c) Installation. The equipment bonding jumper shall be permitted to be installed inside or outside of a raceway or enclosure. Where installed on the outside, the length of the equipment bonding jumper shall not exceed six (6) feet and shall be routed with the raceway or enclosure.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-79(a), (b) and (e).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.81. Water Pipe Electrode.
Where available on the premises, a metal underground water pipe shall always be used as the grounding electrode, regardless of its length and whether supplied by a community or a local underground water piping system or by a well on the premises. Where the buried portion of the water pipe (including any metal well casing effectively bonded to the pipe) is less than 10 feet long or where the water pipe is or is likely to be isolated by insulated sections or joints so that the effectively grounded portion is less than 10 feet long, it shall be supplemented by the use of an additional electrode of a type specified by Section 2395.82 or Section 2395.83. The interior metal cold water piping system shall always be bonded to the service-equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor where of sufficient size, or to the one or more grounding electrodes used.
Note: Expanding use of nonmetallic piping for water systems and insulating couplings on metal water systems makes it more important that water piping within a building be adequately grounded without depending on connections to an outside piping system.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-81(a).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.82. Other Available Electrodes.
Where a water system as described in Section 2395.81 is not available, the grounding connection shall be made to any of the electrodes specified in (a) through (d) below, where available.
(a) The metal frame of the building, where effectively grounded.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-81(b).)
(b) An electrode encased by at least 2 inches of concrete, located within and near the bottom of a concrete foundation or footing that is in direct contact with the earth, consisting of at least 20 feet of one or more steel reinforcing bars or rods of not less that 1/2-inch diameter, or consisting of at least 20 feet of bare copper conductor not smaller than No. 4 AWG.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-81(c).)
(c) An electrically continuous metal underground gas piping system that is uninterrupted with insulating sections or joints and without an outer nonconductive coating, and then only if acceptable to and expressly permitted by both the serving gas supplier and the authority having jurisdiction.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-83(a).)
(d) Other local metal underground systems or structures, such as piping systems and underground tanks.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-83(b).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.83. Made Electrodes.
Where none of the electrodes specified in Sections 2395.81 and 2395.82 is available, one or more of the electrodes specified in (a) or (b) below shall be used. Where practicable, electrodes shall be embedded below permanent moisture level. Where more than one electrode is used (including those used for signaling or communication circuits, radio or television installations, or lightning rods), each electrode shall not be less than 6 feet from any other electrodes. All electrodes shall be free from nonconductive coatings, such as paint or enamel.
Note: Two or more electrodes that are effectively bonded together are to be treated as a single electrode in this sense.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-83(a).)
(a) Rod and Pipe Electrodes. Rod and pipe electrodes shall not be less than 8 feet in length and shall consist of the following materials, and shall be installed in the following manner:
(1) Electrodes of pipe or conduit shall not be smaller than 3/4-inch trade size and, where of iron or steel, shall have the outer surface galvanized or otherwise metal-coated for corrosion protection.
(2) Electrodes of rods of steel or iron shall be at least 5/8-inch in diameter. Nonferrous rods or their equivalent shall be listed and shall be not less than 1/2-inch in diameter.
(3) The electrode shall be installed such that at least 8 feet of length is in contact with the soil. It shall be driven to a depth of not less than 8 feet except that where rock bottom is encountered, the electrode shall be driven at an oblique angle not to exceed 45 degrees from the vertical or shall be buried in a trench that is at least 2 1/2 feet deep. The upper end of the electrode shall be flush with or below ground level unless the aboveground end and the grounding electrode conductor attachment are protected against physical damage.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-83(c).)
(b) Plate Electrodes. Each plate electrode shall expose not less than 2 square feet of surface to exterior soil. Electrodes of iron or steel plates shall be at least 1/4-inch in thickness. Electrodes of nonferrous metal shall be at least 0.06-inch in thickness.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-83(d).)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.84. Resistance of Made Electrodes.
A single electrode consisting of a rod, pipe, or plate which does not have a resistance to ground of 25 ohms or less shall be augmented by one additional electrode of any of the types specified in Sections 2395.82 or 2395.83.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-84.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.86. Use of Lightning Rods.
Lightning rod conductors and driven pipes, rods, or other made electrodes used for grounding lightning rods shall not be used in lieu of the made grounding electrodes required by Section 2395.83 for grounding wiring systems and equipment. This provision shall not prohibit the bonding together of grounding electrodes of different systems.
Note: Bonding together of all separate electrodes will limit potential differences between them and between their associated wiring systems.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-86.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.91. Material.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2395.95. Size of Equipment Grounding Conductors.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2395.113. Connection Devices for Grounding Conductors.
Connection devices or fittings that depend on solder shall not be used.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-113.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.114. Continuity and Attachment of Branch-Circuit Equipment Grounding Conductors to Boxes.
Where more than one equipment grounding conductor of a branch circuit enters a box, all such conductors shall be in good electrical contact with each other and the arrangement shall be such that the disconnection or removal of a receptacle, fixture, or other device fed from the box will not interfere with or interrupt the grounding continuity.
(a) Metal Boxes. A connection shall be made between the one or more equipment grounding conductors and a metal box by means of a grounding screw which shall be used for no other purpose, or an approved grounding device.
(b) Nonmetallic Boxes. One or more equipment grounding conductors brought into a nonmetallic outlet box shall be so arranged that a connection can be made to any fitting or device in that box requiring grounding.
(Title 24, Part 3, Section 250-114.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 2395.115. Connection to Electrodes.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2395.117. Protection of Attachment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2395.118. Clean Surfaces.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2405.1. Scope.
The provisions of this Article apply to temporary wiring methods other than those permitted for permanent installations in Subsection 2305.2(d). Except as specifically modified in this Article, all other requirements of this Order for permanent wiring shall apply to temporary wiring installations used during:
(a) The period of construction, remodeling, maintenance, repairs, or demolition of buildings, structures, equipment or similar activities; or
(b) The period of work associated with non-permanent work locations, such as carnivals, music festivals, Christmas tree lots, etc., or
(c) The period of work associated with experimental or developmental work.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 2405.2. General.
(a) Insulated single conductors, approved for the purpose and suitably supported, shall be permitted to be run as open conductors where not subject to mechanical injury. No bare conductors shall be used for temporary circuit wiring.
(b) Multi-conductor cords and cables shall be hard service type or equivalent, with multi-conductor fittings.
(c) Earth Returns. No earth returns shall be used for temporary circuit wiring nor for equipment grounding.
(d) Lamps. Lamps shall be so located or guarded that personnel are protected from accidental contact. Protection shall be provided by location of at least 7 feet vertically or 3 feet horizontally from normal working surfaces or by suitable fixtures or lamp guards.
(e) Open wire taps, not exceeding 6 inches in length, may be made from permanent wiring outlet boxes to supply approved lampholders. (continued)