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(continued)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1670. Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Personal Fall Restraint Systems and Positioning Devices.
(a) Approved personal fall arrest, personal fall restraint or positioning systems shall be worn by those employees whose work exposes them to falling in excess of 7 1/2 feet from the perimeter of a structure, unprotected sides and edges, leading edges, through shaftways and openings, sloped roof surfaces steeper than 7:12, or other sloped surfaces steeper than 40 degrees not otherwise adequately protected under the provisions of these Orders. Note: (1) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees working at elevated locations on poles, towers and other structures are provided in Section 2940.6(b) and (c) of the High Voltage Electrical Safety Orders. (2) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees working on poles, towers, or similar structures are provided in Section 8615(g) of the Telecommunications Safety Orders. (3) Requirements relating to fall protection for employees working in roofing operations are provided in Section 1730 of the Construction Safety Orders.
(b) Personal fall arrest systems and their use shall comply with the provisions set forth below. Effective January 1, 1998, except as permitted in subsections (c) and (d), body belts shall not be used as part of a personal fall arrest system.
(1) On suspended scaffolds or similar work platforms with horizontal lifelines which may become vertical lifelines, the devices used to connect to a horizontal lifeline shall be capable of locking in both directions on the lifeline.
(2) Horizontal lifelines shall be designed, installed, and used, under the supervision of a qualified person, as part of a complete personal fall arrest system, which maintains a safety factor of at least two.
(3) Lanyards and vertical lifelines shall have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds.
(4) Except as provided in Section 1670(b)(5), when vertical lifelines are used, each employee shall be attached to a separate lifeline.
(5) During the construction of elevator shafts, two employees may be attached to the same lifeline in the hoistway, provided both employees are working atop a false car that is equipped with guardrails; the strength of the lifeline is 10,000 pounds [5,000 pounds per employee attached]; and all other criteria specified in this section for lifelines have been met.
(6) Lifelines shall be protected against being cut or abraded.
(7) Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards which automatically limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 3,000 pounds applied to the device with the lifeline or lanyard in the fully extended position.
(8) Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards which do not limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less, ripstitch lanyards, and tearing and deforming lanyards shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 5,000 pounds applied to the device with the lifeline or lanyard in the fully extended position.
(9) Ropes and straps (webbing) used in lanyards, lifelines, and strength components of body belts and body harnesses shall be made from synthetic fibers except for when they are used in conjunction with hot work where the lanyard may be exposed to damage from heat or flame.
(10) Anchorages used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment shall be independent of any anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms and capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds per employee attached, or shall be designed, installed, and used as follows:
(A) as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at least two; and (B) under the supervision of a qualified person.
(11) Personal fall arrest systems, when stopping a fall, shall:
(A) limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds when used with a body harness;
(B) be rigged such that an employee can neither free fall more than 6 feet, nor contact any lower level, and, where practicable, the anchor end of the lanyard shall be secured at a level not lower than the employee's waist;
(C) bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance an employee travels to 3.5 feet; and
(D) have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of an employee free falling a distance of 6 feet, or the free fall distance permitted by the system, whichever is less.
(12) The attachment point of the body belt shall be located in the center of the wearer's back. The attachment point of the body harness shall be located in the center of the wearer's back near shoulder level, or above the wearer's head.
(13) Body belts, harnesses, and components shall be used only for employee protection and not to hoist materials. Body belts used in conjunction with fall restraint systems or positioning devices shall limit the maximum arresting force on an employee to 900 pounds.
(14) The employer shall provide for prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall or shall assure that employees are able to rescue themselves.
(15) Personal fall arrest systems shall be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage, and other deterioration, and defective components shall be removed from service.
(16) Body belts shall be at least one and five-eighths (1 5/8) inches wide.
(17) Personal fall arrest systems shall not be attached to hoists, except as specified in these Orders, nor shall they be attached to guardrails.
(18) When a personal fall arrest system is used at hoist areas, it shall be rigged to allow the movement of the employee only as far as the edge of the working level or working area.
(19) Each personal fall arrest system shall be inspected not less than twice annually by a competent person in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The date of each inspection shall be documented.
(c) Positioning device systems.
Positioning device systems and their use shall conform to the following provisions:
(1) Positioning devices shall be rigged such that an employee cannot free fall more than 2 feet.
(2) Positioning device systems shall be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage, and other deterioration, and defective components shall be removed from service.
(3) The use of non-locking snaphooks shall be prohibited after January 1, 1998.
(4) Anchorage points for positioning device systems shall be capable of supporting two times the intended load or 3,000 pounds, whichever is greater.
(d) Personal fall restraint.
(1) Body belts or harnesses may be used for personal fall restraint.
(2) Body belts shall be at least one and five-eights (1-5/8) inches wide.
(3) Anchorage points used for fall restraint shall be capable of supporting 4 times the intended load.
(4) Restraint protection shall be rigged to allow the movement of employees only as far as the sides of the working level or working area.
(e) Lanyards shall be secured to a substantial member of the structure or to securely rigged lines.
(f) All fall arresting, descent control, and rescue equipment shall be approved as defined in Sections 1504 and 1505 and used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(g) If an employee's duties require horizontal movement, rigging shall be provided so that the attached lanyard will slide along with the employee. Such rigging shall be provided for all suspended staging, outdoor advertising sign platforms, floats, and all other catwalks, or walkways 7 1/2 feet or more above the ground or level beneath. Note: For additional fall protection requirements during steel erection operations, see Article 29.
(h) Any lanyard, safety belt, harness, dropline, lifeline or other component subjected to in-service loading, as distinguished from static load testing, shall be immediately removed from service and shall not be used again for employee safeguarding. Note: For the purpose of this subsection, "in-service loading" shall mean loading equivalent to that received in a drop test.
(i) Lifelines and anchorages shall be capable of supporting a minimum dead weight of 5000 pounds.
Exception: Retractable lanyards, controlled descent and rescue devices provided they are approved as defined in Sections 1504 and 1505.
(j) Lifelines subject to excessive fraying or rock damage shall be protected and shall have a wire rope center. Seriously worn or damaged rope shall be promptly removed from service.
(k) All safety belts, harnesses and lanyards placed in service or purchased on or before February 1, 1997, shall be labeled as meeting the requirements contained in ANSI A10.14-1975, Requirements for Safety Belts, Harnesses, Lanyards, Lifelines and Drop Lines for Construction and Industrial Use or be in compliance with the requirement stated in Subsection (l).
(l) All personal fall arrest, personal fall restraint and positioning device systems purchased or placed in service after February 1, 1997, shall be labeled as meeting the requirements contained in ANSI A10.14-1991 American National Standard for Construction and Demolition Use, or ANSI Z359.1-1992 American National Standard Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Subsystems and Components.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1671. Safety Nets.
(a) Where the elevation is 25 feet or more above the ground, water surface, or continuous floor level below, and when the use of personal fall arrest systems, personal fall restraint systems, positioning device systems or more conventional types of protection are clearly impractical, the exterior and/or interior perimeter of the structure shall be provided with an approved safety net extending at least 8 feet horizontally from such perimeter and being positioned at a distance not to exceed 10 feet vertically below where such hazards exist, or equivalent protection provided safety nets shall extend outward from the outermost projection of the work surface as follows:
Vertical distance from .............. Minimum required horizontal
working level to horizontal .......... distance of outer edge of net
plane of net.......................... from the edge of working surface.
Up to 5 feet ......................... 8 feet
More than 5 feet up to 10 feet........ 10 feet
More than 10 feet but not to exceed .. 13 feet
30 feet
Nets shall be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent user's contact with the surfaces or structures below. Such clearances shall be determined by impact load testing.
Exception: See Section 1709(c) and 1710(k) and ( l) for flooring requirements and nets for steel erection in tiered buildings and structures.
(b) Only one level of nets shall be required for bridge construction.
(c) Safety nets purchased on or after January 1, 1998 shall be labeled as meeting the requirements of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A10.11-1989, American National Standard for Construction and Demolition Operations - Personnel and Debris Nets, Repair and Demolition Operations. Safety nets purchased before January 1, 1998 shall be labeled as meeting the requirements of ANSI A10.11-1979, Safety Nets Used During Construction, Repair and Demolition Operations, or ANSI A10.11-1989.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1671.1. Fall Protection Plan.
(a) This section applies to all construction operations when it can be shown that the use of conventional fall protection is impractical or creates a greater hazard.
(1) The fall protection plan shall be prepared by a qualified person and developed specifically for the site where the construction work is being performed and the plan must be maintained up to date. The plan shall document the identity of the qualified person. Note:The employer need only develop a single site fall protection plan for sites where the construction operations are essentially identical.
(2) Any changes to the fall protection plan shall be approved by a qualified person. The identity of the qualified person shall be documented.
(3) A copy of the fall protection plan with all approved changes shall be maintained at the job site.
(4) The implementation of the fall protection plan shall be under the supervision of a competent person. The plan shall document the identity of the competent person.
(5) The fall protection plan shall document the reasons why the use of conventional fall protection systems (guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, or safety nets) are infeasible or why their use would create a greater hazard.
(6) The fall protection plan shall include a written discussion of other measures that will be taken to reduce or eliminate the fall hazard for workers who cannot be provided with protection provided by conventional fall protection systems. For example, the employer shall discuss the extent to which scaffolds, ladders, or vehicle mounted work platforms can be used to provide a safer working surface and thereby reduce the hazard of falling.
(7) The fall protection plan shall identify each location where conventional fall protection methods cannot be used. These locations shall then be classified as controlled access zones and the employer must comply with the criteria in Section 1671.2(a).
(8) Where no other alternative measure (i.e. scaffolds, ladders, vehicle mounted work platforms, etc.) has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system in conformance with Section 1671.2(b).
(9) The fall protection plan must include a statement which provides the name or other method of identification for each employee (i.e., job title) who is designated to work in controlled access zones. No other employees may enter controlled access zones.
(10) In the event an employee falls, or some other related, serious incident occurs (e.g., a near miss), the employer shall investigate the circumstances of the fall or other incident to determine if the fall protection plan needs to be changed (e.g., new practices, procedures, or training) and shall implement those changes to prevent similar types of falls or incidents.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1671.2. Controlled Access Zones and Safety Monitoring Systems.
(a) Controlled access zones.
(1) When used to control access to areas where leading edge and other operations are taking place, the controlled access zone shall be defined by a control line or by any other means that restricts access. Signs shall be posted to warn unauthorized employees to stay out of the controlled access zone.
(2) When control lines are used, they shall be erected not less than 6 feet nor more than 25 feet from the unprotected or leading edge, except when erecting precast concrete members.
(3) When erecting precast concrete members, the control line shall be erected not less than 6 feet nor more than 60 feet or half the length of the member being erected, whichever is less, from the leading edge.
(4) The control line shall extend along the entire length of the unprotected or leading edge and shall be approximately parallel to the unprotected or leading edge.
(5) The control line shall be connected on each side to a standard railing or wall, or securely anchored on each end.
(6) Control lines shall consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent materials, and supporting stanchions as follows:
(A) Each line shall be flagged or otherwise clearly marked at not more than 6- foot intervals with high-visibility material.
(B) Each line shall be rigged and supported in such a way that its lowest point (including sag) is not less than 39 inches from the working level/working area and its highest point is not more than 45 inches.
(C) Each line shall have a minimum breaking strength of 200 pounds.
(b) Safety monitoring systems.
(1) The employer shall designate a competent person to monitor the safety of other employees and the employer shall ensure that the safety monitor complies with the following requirements:
(A) The safety monitor shall be competent to recognize fall hazards;
(B) The safety monitor shall warn the employee when it appears that the employee is unaware of a fall hazard or is acting in an unsafe manner;
(C) The safety monitor shall be within visual sighting distance of the employee and shall always be in communication with the employee being monitored; and,
(D) The safety monitor shall not have other responsibilities which could take the monitor's attention from the monitoring function.
(2) No employee, other than an employee covered by a fall protection plan, shall be allowed in an area where an employee is being protected by a safety monitoring system.
(3) Each employee working in a controlled access zone shall be directed to comply promptly with fall hazard warnings from safety monitors.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1672. Tests.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1675. General.
(a) General requirements. Except where either permanent or temporary stairways or suitable ramps or runways are provided, ladders described in this section shall be used to give safe access to all elevations.
(b) The use of ladders with broken or missing rungs or steps, broken or split side rails, or other faulty or defective construction is prohibited. When ladders with such defects are discovered they shall be immediately withdrawn from service. Inspection of metal ladders shall include checking for corrosion of interiors of open end hollow rungs.
(c) Manufactured portable wood ladders provided by the employer shall be labeled as being designed and manufactured in accordance with the provisions of the American National Standards Institute, A 14.1 1982, ladders - portable wood - safety requirements. Labels are not required on portable wood ladders purchased prior to July 1, 1992.
(d) Portable metal ladders shall be of strength equivalent to that of wood ladders. Manufactured portable metal ladders provided by the employer shall be labeled as being designed and manufactured in accordance with the provisions of the American National Standards Institute, A14.2 1982, ladders - portable metal - safety requirements. Labels are not required on portable metal ladders purchased prior to July 1, 1992.
(e) Portable ladder feet shall be placed on a substantial base, and the area around the top and bottom of the ladder shall be kept clear.
(f) Planks shall not be used on the top step of stepladders.
(g) Portable ladders shall be used at such a pitch that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is about one-quarter of the working length of the ladder (the length along the ladder between the foot and the top support). Ladders shall not be used in a horizontal position as platforms, runways, or scaffolds.
(h) Ladders shall not be placed in passageways, doorways, driveways, or any location where they may be displaced by activities being conducted on any other work, unless protected by barricades or guards.
(i) The side rails shall extend not less than 36 inches above the landing. When this is not practical, grab rails, which provide a secure grip for an employee moving to or from the point of access, shall be installed.
(j) Portable ladders in use shall be tied, blocked, or otherwise secured to prevent their being displaced.
(k) No one shall be permitted to stand and work on the top 3 rungs or cleats of a ladder unless there are members of the structure that provide a firm handhold or the employee is protected by a personal fall protection system (e.g., positioning device or fall restraint system) in accordance with the requirements of Article 24 (commencing with Section 1669) of the Construction Safety Orders.
(l) Portable metal ladders shall not be used for electrical work or where they may contact electrical conductors.
(m) All fixed ladders used in construction shall comply with the provisions of Section 3277 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(n) Stepladders. Employees shall not stand on the topcap or the step below the topcap of a stepladder.
Note: For the purposes of subsection (n) the topcap is not a step.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1676. Job-Made Ladders.
(a) Job-made ladders shall be constructed for intended use. If a ladder is to provide the only means of access or exit from a working area for 25 or more employees, or simultaneous two-way traffic is expected, a double cleat ladder shall be installed. Note : Cleats for job-made ladders are defined as crosspieces used by a person in ascending or descending a ladder. Cleats are also known as steps or rungs.
(b) Side rails, when of wood, shall be the equivalent of dressed Douglas fir "selected lumber", free from sharp edges and splinters, and shall not have knots, except for an occasional one less than 1/2-inch in diameter that appears only on the wide face and is at least 1/2-inch back from either edge.
If splicing of side rails is necessary to attain the required length, the splice shall develop the full strength of a continuous side rail of the same length.
(c) Cleats of wood shall be clear, straight-grained and absolutely free from knots of any size that appear in the narrow face. Knots appearing in the wide faces of cleats shall not exceed a diameter of 1/4-inch. Cleats shall be uniformly spaced within 1/4-inch tolerance, and not farther apart than 12 inches measured from the tops of cleats. The clear space in the plane of the cleats between the top of any cleat and an obstruction above shall be at least 4 1/2 inches.
Exception: The cleats of ladders used only by hod carriers and plaster tenders shall be uniformly spaced within 1/4-inch tolerance at not more than 9 inches measured from the tops of cleats.
(d) Double cleat ladders shall not exceed 24 feet in length.
(e) Single cleat ladders shall not exceed 30 feet in length between supports (base and top landing). If ladders are to connect different landings, or if the length required exceeds this maximum length, two or more separate ladders shall be used, offset with a platform between each ladder. Guardrails and toeboards shall be erected on the exposed sides of the platforms.
(f) The width of single cleat ladders shall be at least 15 inches, but not more than 20 inches, between rails at the top.
(g) Side rails shall be parallel or flared top to bottom by not more than one-quarter of an inch for each 2 feet of length.
(h) 2-inch by 4-inch lumber shall be used for side rails of single cleat ladders up to 16 feet long: 3-inch by 6-inch lumber shall be used for single cleat ladders from 16 to 30 feet in length.
(i) 2-inch by 4-inch lumber shall be used for side and middle rails of double cleat ladders up to 12 feet in length: 2-inch by 6-inch lumber for double cleat ladders from 12 to 24 feet in length.
(j) Cleats shall be inset into the edges of the side rails one-half inch, or filler blocks shall be used on the rails between the cleats. The cleats shall be secured to each rail with three 10d common wire nails or other fasteners of equivalent strength. Cleats shall be uniformly spaced, 12 inches top-to-top. Double-head nails shall not be used for ladder construction.
(k) Every portable ladder shall be of such material, size, and construction that it will safely carry the load to be placed thereon. Ladders which are customarily used for special purposes, such as those used for access to and additional support for overhead platforms, ladder brackets, and ladder scaffolding, shall be of such design, material, and construction that they will support all normal loads which may be imposed upon them.
Note: It is recognized that the stresses in ladders are of a somewhat indeterminate nature and are difficult of analysis, but when the Division has determined that ladders may not safely carry the loads placed thereon, the Division may require that they be tested according to the following: The material, size, and construction of every portable ladder to be such that when placed at an angle obtained by moving the foot of the ladder out of the perpendicular a distance equal to 1/4 its length, it will support a vertical load of at least 200 pounds applied at the center of the middle step without imposing stresses in excess of the allowable working stresses of the material used in the ladder. The material, size, and construction of every fixed ladder to be such that it will support a vertical load of at least 200 pounds applied at the center of any step without imposing stresses in excess of the allowable safe working stresses of the materials used in the ladder.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1677. Manufactured Ladders -Specifications and Fabrication.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1678. Extension Ladders.
(a) Extension ladders shall not exceed 44 feet in length when extended to the limit permitted by the following lap schedule.
(b) Extension ladders shall not be fully extended but shall have the following minimum laps:
(1) Two-Section Ladders.
3 feet for ladders with working length up to 33 feet.
4 feet for ladders with working length 33 to 44 feet.
(2) Three-Section Ladders.
4 feet for each section.
Note: See General Industry Safety Orders Article 59 for regulations applying to woodworking machines.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Note: See General Industry Safety Orders Article 59 for regulations applying to woodworking machines.
s 1680. Portable Circular Power Saws -Guards.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1681. Radial Arm Saw or Horizontal Pull Saw.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1682. Table Saw.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1684. Tool Design Requirements.
(a) Only powder-actuated tools shall be used that:
(1) are approved for their intended use as defined in Section 1505 of these orders, or
(2) have California approval numbers.
Exception: This article does not apply to devices designed for attaching objects to soft construction materials such as wood, plaster, tar, dry wallboard, or to stud welding equipment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1685. Operator and Instructor Qualifications.
(a) Operator Qualifications.
(1) The employer shall ensure that only qualified persons who carry valid operator's cards for the tools used be permitted to operate powder-actuated tools.
Exception: A person who is receiving training may be permitted to operate a powder-actuated tool when under the direct supervision of a qualified instructor.
(2) The operators' cards shall be issued either by qualified instructors who carry a valid, authorized instructor(s) card(s) issued by the tool manufacturer(s) or by persons acceptable to the Division.
(b) Instructor Qualifications.
(1) Qualified instructors shall be trained in accordance with the training requirements established by either the tool manufacturer or by the Powder Actuated Tool Manufacturers Institute (PATMI).
(2) Instructors authorized by the Division shall certify in writing to the Division that they are knowledgeable in the use, maintenance and repair of the tool(s) that is (are) acceptable to the Division and that their instructions will cover applicable safety orders.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1686. Approvals.
s 1687. Container and Label Requirements.
(a) A lockable container shall be provided and kept with each tool. The words "POWDER-ACTUATED TOOL" shall appear in plain sight on the outside of the container. The following notice shall be attached on the inside of the cover of the container:
"WARNING-POWDER-ACTUATED TOOL TO BE USED ONLY BY A QUALIFIED OPERATOR AND TO BE KEPT UNDER LOCK AND KEY WHEN NOT IN USE."
(b) Each tool shall be supplied with the following:
(1) Operator's instruction and service manual.
(2) Power load and fastener chart.
(3) Tool inspection and service record.
(4) Service tools and accessories.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1688. Pole Tool Assemblies.
(a) Only approved pole tool assemblies shall be used by employees.
Note: See Appendix Plate C-37 for pole tool approval criteria.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1689. Maintenance and Storage.
(a) The tool shall be serviced and inspected for worn or damaged parts at regular intervals as recommended by the tool manufacturer. Prior to the tool being put back into use, all worn or damaged parts shall be replaced by a qualified person. A record of this inspection and service shall be noted and dated on the tool inspection record.
(b) Instruction manuals, maintenance tools and accessories supplied with the tool shall be stored in the tool container when not in use.
(c) Powder-actuated tools and power loads shall be locked in a container and stored in a safe place when not in use and shall be accessible only to authorized personnel.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1690. Limitations of Use.
(a) The tool shall not be used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.
(b) A loaded tool shall never be left unattended.
(c) Fasteners shall not be driven into very hard or brittle materials including, but not limited to, cast iron, glazed tile, hardened steel, glass block, natural rock, hollow tile or most brick.
(d) Fasteners shall not be driven into easily penetrated or thin materials or materials of questionable resistance unless backed by a material that will prevent the fastener from passing completely through the other side.
(e) Fasteners shall not be driven closer than 1/2 inch (13 mm) from the edge of steel except for specific applications recommended by the tool manufacturer.
(f) Fasteners shall not be driven closer than 3 inches (76 mm) from the unsupported edge of masonry materials except for specific applications recommended by the tool manufacturer.
(g) Fasteners shall not be driven into concrete unless material thickness is at least three times the fastener shank penetration.
(h) Fasteners shall not be driven into any spalled area.
(i) Fasteners shall not be driven through existing holes unless a specific guide means, as recommended and supplied by the tool manufacturer, is used to assure positive alignment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1691. Operation.
The employer shall require that:
(a) Tools be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
EXCEPTION: Loads and fasteners meeting Section 1691(f).
(b) Eye or face protection be worn by operators and assistants when the tool is in use.
(c) Prior to use, the operator inspect the tool to determine that it is in proper working condition in accordance with the testing methods recommended by the manufacturer of the tool.
(d) Any tool found not to be in working condition be immediately removed from service, tagged "DEFECTIVE" and not used until it has been repaired in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
(e) The shield, fixture, adapter, or accessory suited for the application as recommended and supplied by the manufacturer, be used.
(f) Only those fasteners and power loads recommended by the tool manufacturer for a particular tool, or those providing the same level of safety and performance, be used.
(g) Tools not be loaded until just prior to the intended firing time.
(h) If the work is interrupted after loading, then the tool shall be unloaded immediately.
(i) Neither loaded nor empty tools be pointed at any person.
(j) Hands and feet be kept clear of the open barrel end.
(k) The tool always be held perpendicular to the work surface when fastening into any material, except for specific applications recommended by the tool manufacturer.
(l) In the event of a misfire, the operator hold the tool firmly against the work surface for a period of 30 seconds and then follow the instructions set forth in the manufacturer's instructions.
(m) Power loads of different power levels and types be kept in separate compartments or containers.
(n) A sign at least 8 x 10 inches (20 x 25 cm), using boldface type no less than 1-inch (2.5 cm) in height, be conspicuously posted within 50 feet (15 m) of the area where the tools are being used. The sign shall bear wording similar to the following:
CAUTION POWDER-ACTUATED TOOL IN USE
Note: Caution signs shall meet the requirements of Section 3340.
(o) Signs be removed promptly when no longer applicable.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1692. Power Loads.
(a) Identification of Cased Power Loads. Cased power loads shall be coded to identify power load levels by case color and power load color as specified in Table 1.
(b) Identification of Caseless Power Loads. Caseless power loads shall be coded to identify power load levels by power load color as specified in Table 1 and by configuration.
(c) Power Load Use Limitation. No power load (cased or caseless) shall be used if it will properly chamber in any existing commercially available tool and will cause a fastener to have a test velocity in excess of the maximum test velocities specified for the tool.
(d) Identification of Power Load Packages. Power load packages shall provide a visual number-color indication of the power level of the power load as specified in Table 1.
Table 1
Power Load Identification
_____________________________________________________________
Nominal .... Nominal
Power .. Color Identification ...... Velocity ... Velocity
__________________________
Level .. Case Color .. Load Color .. (+-45'/s) .. (+-14m/s)
_____________________________________________________________
1 ...... Brass ....... Gray ........ 300 ........ 90
2 ...... Brass ....... Brown ....... 390 ........ 120
3 ...... Brass ....... Green ....... 480 ........ 145
4 ...... Brass ....... Yellow ...... 570 ........ 175
5 ...... Brass ....... Red ......... 660 ........ 200
6 ...... Brass ....... Purple ...... 750 ........ 230
7 ...... Nickel ...... Gray ........ 840 ........ 255
8 ...... Nickel ...... Brown ....... 930 ........ 285
9 ...... Nickel ...... Green ....... 1020 ....... 310
10 ..... Nickel ...... Yellow ...... 1110 ....... 340
11 ..... Nickel ...... Red ......... 1200 ....... 365
12 ..... Nickel ...... Purple ...... 1290 ....... 395
_____________________________________________________________
Note: The nominal velocity applies to a 3/8-inch (9 mm), 350-grain (113 carat) ballistic slug fired in a test device and has no reference to actual fastener velocity developed in any specific tool.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1693. Temporary Heating Devices.
(a) Temporary heating devices shall be of an approved type.
(b) Ventilation.
Fresh air shall be supplied in sufficient quantities to maintain the health and safety of employees. Where natural means of fresh air supply is inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
(c) Clearance and Mounting.
(1) Temporary heating devices shall be installed to provide clearance to combustible material not less than the amount in Table A.
(2) Temporary heating devices, which are listed for installation with lesser clearances than specified in Table A, may be installed in accordance with their approval.
Table A
_____________________________________________________________________
MINIMUM CLEARANCE
(Inches)
________________________________
Heating ................................................. Chimney
Appliances ......................... Sides .. Rear ...... Connector
_____________________________________________________________________
Room heater, circulating type....... 12 ..... 12 ........ 18
Room heater, radiant-type........... 36 ..... 36 ........ 18
_____________________________________________________________________
(3) Heaters not intended by the manufacturer for use on wood floors shall not be set directly upon them or other combustible materials. When such heaters are used, they shall rest on suitable heat insulating material or at least 1-inch concrete, or equivalent. The insulating material shall extend beyond the heater 2 feet or more in all directions.
(4) Heaters used in the vicinity of combustible tarpaulins, canvas, or similar coverings shall be located at least 10 feet from the coverings. All coverings shall be securely fastened so as to prevent action by the wind from displacing a loose covering and upsetting the heater or igniting the coverings.
(d) Stability. Heaters, when in use, shall be set horizontally level, unless otherwise permitted by the manufacturer's markings.
(e) Solid Fuel Salamanders.
Solid fuel salamanders are prohibited in buildings and on scaffolds.
(f) Oil-Fired Heaters.
(1) Flammable liquid-fired heaters shall be equipped with a primary safety control to stop the flow of fuel in the event of flame failure. Barometric or gravity oil feed shall not be considered a primary safety control.
(2) Heaters designed for barometric or gravity oil feed shall be used only with the integral tanks.
(3) Heaters specifically designed and approved for use with separate supply tanks may be directly connected for gravity feed, or an automatic pump, from a supply tank.
(g) Fire Protection.
At least a 4A:40-B:C rated fire extinguisher shall be readily available for use when temporary heating devices are used.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1694. Sideboom Cranes.
Sideboom cranes mounted on wheel or crawler tractors shall meet the requirements of SAE J 743 DEC80.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1695. Pneumatic Impact Tools.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1696. Portable Compressors.
(a) When portable compressors on wheels stand unattached to other equipment, they shall be positively locked, blocked, or otherwise adequately prevented from rolling.
(b) Fans shall be guarded with a shroud or side screens.
(c) Compressed air tanks shall be drained of liquid as recommended by the manufacturer's specifications.
(d) Compressor safety valves shall be popped at least weekly.
(e) Compressed air tanks shall comply with all applicable safety orders of Article 3 of the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders, Title 8, California Code of Regulations, applying to tank design, safety devices and operating permits.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1697. Weed Burner Pressure Hoses.
The hose on weed-burning equipment shall be of a type designed to handle the pressure and solvents used. Water hose shall not be used.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1698. Concrete and Masonry Equipment.
(a) Concrete Mixers. Concrete mixers equipped with 1-yard, or larger, loading skips shall be provided with a device to clear the skip of material. Skip clearing shall not be done by a worker standing under or near a raised skip while striking it with a hand-held implement.
(b) On concrete mixers of 1 yard capacity, or larger, guardrails of pipe or similar material shall be provided on each side of the dangerous area under the raised skip.
(c) Bull float handles, which could come in contact with energized electrical conductors, shall be constructed of nonconductive material.
(d) Concrete troweling machines -of the powered, rotating-blade type -that are guided manually shall be equipped with a control or switch that will automatically shut off the power whenever the operator's hands are removed from the equipment handles.
(e) Mortar, Plaster or Fireproofing Mixers.
(1) Grid guards on mortar, plaster or fireproofing mixers of 1 yard capacity or smaller shall have a grid opening not to exceed 16 square inches with a minimum clearance of 5 inches from the top of the grid guard to the top of the mixing paddles.
(2) All mortar, plaster or fireproofing mixers of 1 yard capacity or smaller ordered or purchased after the effective date of this regulation shall be equipped with grid guards with an opening not to exceed 16 square inches with a minimum clearance of 5 inches from the top of the grid guard to the top of the mixing paddles.
(f) Tremies. Sections of tremies and similar concrete conveyances shall be secured with wire rope in addition to the regular couplings or connections.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1699. Hand Tools.
(a) Tools having mushroomed heads, split or defective handles, worn parts, or other defects that impair their strength or render them unsafe for use shall be removed from service and shall not be reissued until the necessary repairs have been made.
(b) Tools not needed for the work to be done shall not be left on scaffolds, ladders, or overhead levels. When work is being performed overhead on scaffolds, ladders, or on other surfaces, positive methods shall be used to prevent tools from falling.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1700. Application Equipment.
When air hose, water hose, electric cable, or other equipment of this type is used on staging or other elevated locations by an employee, it shall be securely fastened to a substantial anchorage independent of the employee. The anchorage shall be at or near the working level, and the hose or other equipment shall be attached at a point no more than 15 feet from the working end.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1701. Hot Pipes and Hot Surfaces.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1702. Warning Signs.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1703. Rigging Equipment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1704. Pneumatically Driven Nailers and Staplers.
(a) All pneumatically driven nailers and staplers which operate at more than 100 psi pressure at the tool, shall have a safety device on the muzzle to prevent the tool from operating unless muzzle is in contact with the surface, to prevent accidental discharge.
(b) When not in use, or unattended, all pneumatically driven nailers and staplers shall be disconnected from the air supply at the tool.
(c) All hoses exceeding 1/2 inch inside diameter shall have a safety device at the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure.
(d) When these tools are used on roofs of 1/3 pitch and steeper, the operator shall wear a safety belt with a lanyard securely fastened to a substantial anchorage. On roofs of 1/4 pitch or steeper, the air hose shall be secured at roof level in such a manner as to provide ample, but not excessive, amounts of hose.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1705. Airless Spray Guns.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1706. LP-Gas Fired Space Heaters.
(a) The floor areas immediately adjacent to where such heaters are used must be kept clean and clear of combustible materials.
(b) While a building is under construction or alteration and before occupancy, not more than 60 U. S. gallons of LP-Gas shall be permitted in any one room having a floor area of 2,000 square feet or less or in any floor area of 2,000 square feet in rooms having floor areas exceeding 2,000 square feet. Under all other conditions the provisions of Section 492 (a) of the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders shall apply.
The maximum water capacity of individual containers shall be 245 pounds (nominal 30 gallons LP-Gas).
(c) No cylinders or tanks of LP-Gas shall be filled or stored in any building under construction or renovation. The cylinders shall be removed from the building and into an area at least 10 feet from any building or source of ignition when being refilled.
Container safety relief devices and regulator relief vents shall be located at least 5 feet in any direction from air openings into sealed combustion system appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes.
(d) The valves and connections on the cylinders shall be protected by a cap or collar during transportation, storage, and handling to prevent damage to the valves and fittings, and shall be protected from damage while in use.
(e) The cylinders shall be in a position to keep the safety valve in direct communication with the vapor space in the cylinder at all times.
(f) When in use, the LPG cylinder shall be installed so that the heat from the burner will not increase temperature of the tank more than 10 degrees Fahrenheit above that ambient at the installation after 1 hour of operation of the burner at full capacity. "In use" means connected for use.
(g) Means shall be provided to prevent the cylinders from being accidentally knocked over or upset. This can be done by chaining or securing each cylinder to a column or wall or by use of a stand.
Containers, regulating equipment, manifolds, pipe, tubing, and hose shall be located to minimize exposure to high temperatures or physical damage.
(h) Adequate ventilation close to the floor must be provided so any escaping or unburnt gas is dispersed.
(i) Heaters shall be equipped with a 100 percent safety pilot, have regulation stamped LP-Gas hose and LP-Gas pressure regulator, and be in safe working order.
Note: The fire department having jurisdiction in the area where LP-Gas is used in this service shall be notified before LP-Gas heaters are used.
(j) Heaters shall be equipped with an approved regulator in the supply line between the fuel cylinder and the heater unit. Cylinder connectors larger than 1/2 inch pipe size shall be provided with an excess flow valve to minimize the flow of gas in the event the fuel line becomes ruptured.
(k) Regulators and low-pressure relief devices shall be rigidly attached to the cylinder valves, cylinders, supporting standards, the building walls, or otherwise rigidly secured, and shall be so installed or protected that the elements (rain, sleet, snow or ice) will not affect their operation.
( 1) Hose shall be designed for a working pressure of at least 250 p.s.i. Design, construction, and performance of hose, and hose connections shall have their suitability determined by listing by a nationally recognized testing agency. The hose length shall be as short as practicable. Hoses shall be long enough to permit compliance with spacing provisions without kinking or straining, or causing hose to be so close to a burner as to be damaged by heat.
(m) For temporary heating, heaters (other than integral heater-container units) shall be located at least 6 feet from any LP-Gas container. This shall not prohibit the use of heaters specifically designed for attachment to the container or to a supporting standard, provided they are designed and installed so as to prevent direct or radiant heat application from the heater onto the containers. Blower and radiant type heaters shall not be directed toward any LP-Gas container within 20 feet.
(n) Container valves, connectors, regulators, manifolds, piping, and tubing shall not be used as structural supports for heaters.
(o) If two or more heater-container units, of either the integral or nonintegral type, are located in an unpartitioned area on the same floor, the container or containers of each unit shall be separated from the container or containers of any other unit by at least 20 feet.
(p) When heaters are connected to containers for use in an unpartitioned area on the same floor, the total water capacity of containers, manifolded together for connection to a heater or heaters, shall not be greater than 735 pounds (nominal 300 pounds LP-Gas capacity). Such manifolds shall be separated by at least 20 feet.
(q) The storage of containers awaiting use shall comply with Section 1706(r) and Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders Section 492.
(r) Storage outside of buildings, for containers awaiting use, shall be located from the nearest building or group of buildings, in accordance with the following:
Quantity of LP-Gas stored: .... Distance
(feet)
500 lbs............................... 0 (continued)