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(F) Scaffold, Special-Duty. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load that exceeds 75 pounds per square foot of scaffold platform, including weight of materials and workers on the platform.
(G) Ledger. The horizontal member of a scaffold that runs at right angles to the wall and directly supports the planking of the platform.
(H) Ribbon. The horizontal member in a scaffold which runs from upright to upright parallel to the building and is normally placed directly under the ledger.
(I) Uprights. The vertical members of a pole scaffold, such as posts, poles, or columns.
(J) Scaffold, Outrigger. A scaffold not suspended by ropes, that is supported by outrigger beams cantilevered out from the structure to which they are anchored.
(K) Scaffold, Suspended. A scaffold suspended from above by ropes or cables and rigged with pulley blocks, winches, or equivalent, so that the scaffold elevation is easily adjustable.
(L) Scaffold, Suspended, Power-Driven. Any suspended scaffold equipped with 1 or more power units for raising or lowering that are a part of and travel with the scaffold.
(M) Thrust-Out. The beam extending out from a structure to support a suspended scaffold.
(N) Stud Jack. A scaffold device of metal with saw-like teeth that grip the stud when the load is applied, and having a cantilevered ledger for the support of a working platform.
(O) Catenary or Stretch Cables. Cables for the support of staging, that are secured at each end and extend in a nearly horizontal plane. The staging is placed on and supported by these cables.
(P) Boatswain's Chair. A seat which may be raised or lowered by means of attached rigging which suspends it and the seated worker from above.
(Q) Working Load. Load imposed by workers, materials and equipment.
(R) Brace. A tie that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another.
(S) Coupler. A device for locking together the component parts of a tubular metal scaffold. (The material used for the couplers shall be of a structural type, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum.)
(T) Maximum Rated Load. The total of all loads including the working load, the weight of the scaffold, and such other loads that may be reasonably anticipated.
(U) Scaffold, Bricklayer's Square. A scaffold composed of framed wood squares which support a platform.
(V) Scaffold, Carpenter's Bracket. A scaffold consisting of wood or metal brackets that support a platform.
(W) Scaffold, Float. A scaffold hung from overhead supports by means of ropes and usually consisting of a3/4-inch plywood platform supported by 2 securely fastened bearers.
(X) Scaffold, Horse. A scaffold composed of horses supporting a work platform.
(Y) Scaffold, Interior Hung. A scaffold suspended from the ceiling or roof structure.
(Z) Scaffold, Ladder Jack. A light trade scaffold supported by brackets attached to ladders.
(AA) Scaffold, Manually Propelled Mobile. (See Rolling Scaffold.)
(BB) Scaffold, Needle Beam. (See Outrigger Scaffold.)
(CC) Scaffold, Pole. A scaffold built of one or two rows of vertical members, horizontal ledgers, platform planks, ribbons and braces.
(DD) Scaffold, Rolling. A portable rolling scaffold supported by caster wheels.
(EE) Scaffold, Tube and Coupler. An assembly consisting of tubing which serves as posts, ledgers, ribbons, ties and braces, a base supporting the posts, and special couplers which serve to connect the uprights and to join the various members.
(FF) Scaffold, Tubular Welded Frame. A sectional panel or frame metal scaffold substantially built-up of prefabricated, welded sections which consist of posts and horizontal ledgers with intermediate members.
(GG) Scaffold, Window Jack. A scaffold, the platform of which is supported by a bracket or jack which projects through a window opening.
(HH) Scaffold, Wooden Pole. A scaffold built of one or two rows of vertical members (uprights), horizontal ledgers, platform planks, ribbons and braces. A single pole scaffold consists of one row of uprights and a double pole scaffold consists of two rows of uprights.
Shall. Mandatory.
Sheet Pile. A pile, or sheeting, that may form one of a continuous interlocking line, or a row of timber, concrete, or steel piles, driven in close contact to provide a tight wall to resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials.
Shore. A supporting member that resists a compressive force imposed by a load.
Should. Recommended.
Side Pull or Side Loading. A load applied at any angle to the vertical plane of the boom.
Skip. A container with sides in which materials are hoisted.
Snaphook. A connector comprised of a hook-shaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object.
Stairs, Stairways. A series of steps and landings having 2 or more risers leading from one level or floor to another.
Standard. Standard as referred to ladders, ROPS, railings, etc., means as described elsewhere in the Orders, ultimately based upon standards established by ANSI, SAE, engineers competent in specialized fields, equipment manufacturers and other duly recognized authorities.
Standing Rope (Guy). A supporting rope which maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the two components connected by the rope.
Story. That portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above. If the finished floor level directly above a basement, cellar or unused underfloor space is more than 6 feet above grade as defined herein for more than 50 percent of the total perimeter or is more than 12 feet above grade as defined herein at any point, such basement, cellar or unused underfloor space shall be considered as a story.
Structural Competence. The ability of the machine and its components to withstand the stresses imposed by applied loads.
Structure. That which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner.
Toeboard. A barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform at the platform level used to guard against the falling of material.
Trench Jack. Screw, pneumatic or hydraulic type jacks used as cross bracing in a trench shoring system.
Trench Shield. A shoring system composed of plates and bracing, welded or bolted together, which can safely support the walls of a trench from the ground level to the trench bottom and which can be moved along as work progresses.
Unprotected Sides and Edges. Any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or standard guardrail or protection provided.
Vertical Slip Forms. Forms which are jacked vertically during placement of concrete.
Wall opening. A gap or void 30 inches or more high and 18 inches or more wide, in a wall or partition, through which employees can fall to a lower level.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1505. Approvals.
(a) Approvals.
(1) When the term "approved" is used in these orders, it shall refer to products, materials, devices, systems, or installations that have been approved, listed, labeled, or certified as conforming to applicable governmental or other nationally recognized standards, or applicable scientific principles. The approval, listing, labeling, or certification of conformity, shall be based upon an evaluation performed by a person, firm, or entity with appropriate registered engineering competence or by a person, firm, or entity, independent of the manufacturer or supplier of the product, with demonstrated competence in the field of such evaluation.
EXCEPTION: Where written approval by the Division is required in these orders.
(2) The term "approved" shall also refer to products, materials, devices, systems, or installations that have been approved, listed, labeled, or certified by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL).
(b) The division may require proof in addition to that under (a) that the products, materials, devices, systems, or installations will provide reasonable safety under the conditions of use.
(c) When these orders require an approval of products, materials, devices, systems, or installations and that approval is not available under (a), it will be necessary to submit to the division engineering calculations, stress analyses, and other data for each design, model, or make for which an approval is requested. The division will then approve or disapprove the product, material, device, system, or installation as submitted or under specified conditions.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1508. Permits.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1509. Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
(a) Every employer shall establish, implement and maintain an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program in accordance with section 3203 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(b) Every employer shall adopt a written Code of Safe Practices which relates to the employer's operations. The Code shall contain language equivalent to the relevant parts of Plate A-3 of the Appendix.
(c) The Code of Safe Practices shall be posted at a conspicuous location at each job site office or be provided to each supervisory employee who shall have it readily available.
(d) Periodic meetings of supervisory employees shall be held under the direction of management for the discussion of safety problems and accidents that have occurred.
(e) Supervisory employees shall conduct "toolbox" or "tailgate" safety meetings, or equivalent, with their crews at least every 10 working days to emphasize safety.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 6401.7, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 6401.7, Labor Code.
s 1510. Safety Instructions for Employees.
(a) When workers are first employed they shall be given instructions regarding the hazards and safety precautions applicable to the type of work in question and directed to read the Code of Safe Practices.
(b) The employer shall permit only qualified persons to operate equipment and machinery.
(c) Where employees are subject to known job site hazards, such as, flammable liquids and gases, poisons, caustics, harmful plants and animals, toxic materials, confined spaces, etc., they shall be instructed in the recognition of the hazard, in the procedures for protecting themselves from injury, and in the first aid procedure in the event of injury.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1511. General Safety Precautions.
(a) No worker shall be required or knowingly permitted to work in an unsafe place, unless for the purpose of making it safe and then only after proper precautions have been taken to protect the employee while doing such work.
(b) Prior to the presence of its employees, the employer shall make a thorough survey of the conditions of the site to determine, so far as practicable, the predictable hazards to employees and the kind and extent of safeguards necessary to prosecute the work in a safe manner in accordance with the relevant parts of Plate A-2-a and b of the Appendix.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1512. Emergency Medical Services.
(a) Provision of Services. Where more than one employer is involved in a single construction project on a given construction site, each employer is responsible to ensure the availability of emergency medical services for its employees. The employers on the project may agree to ensure employee access to emergency medical services for the combined work force present at the job site. Such an emergency medical service program shall be adequate to service the combined work force present, but only one emergency medical program need be established at such site.
(b) Appropriately Trained Person. Each employer shall ensure the availability of a suitable number of appropriately trained persons to render first aid. Where more than one employer is involved in a single construction project on a given construction site, the employers may form a pool of appropriately trained persons. However, such pool shall be large enough to service the combined work forces of such employers.
Exception: Engineering contractors or service providers on a job site not engaged in construction activity (e.g., operation of tools, equipment or machinery directly associated with construction) that are in compliance with the requirements of Section 3400(b) of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(c) First-Aid Kit.
(1) Every employer working on or furnishing personnel on a construction project, on line crews and on other short duration or transient jobs shall provide at least one first-aid kit in a weatherproof container. The contents of the first-aid kit shall be inspected regularly to ensure that the expended items are promptly replaced. The contents of the first-aid kit shall be arranged to be quickly found and remain sanitary. First-aid dressings shall be sterile in individually sealed packages for each item. The minimum first-aid supplies shall be determined by an employer-authorized, licensed physician or in accordance with the following Table:
Type of Supply Required
by Number of Employees
Supplies for First Aid ................................................. over
Dressings in adequate quantities consisting
of: ......................................... 1-5 .. 6-15 .. 16-200 .. 200
1. Adhesive dressings ........................ X .... X ..... X ....... X
2. Adhesive tape rolls, 1-inch wide .......... X .... X ..... X ....... X
3. Eye dressing packet ....................... X .... X ..... X ....... X
4. 1-inch gauze bandage roll or compress ..... X .... X ..... X
5. 2-inch gauze bandage roll or compress ..... X .... X ..... X ....... X
6. 4-inch gauze bandage roll or compress ..... X .... X ..... X
7. Sterile gauze pads, 2-inch square ......... X .... X ..... X ....... X
8. Sterile gauze pads, 4-inch square ......... X .... X ..... X ....... X
9. Sterile surgical pads suitable for
pressure dressings ........................ X .... X
10. Triangular bandages ....................... X .... X ..... X ....... X
11. Safety pins ............................... X .... X ..... X ....... X
12. Tweezers and scissors ..................... X .... X ..... X ....... X
[FNa1] Additional equipment in adequate
quantities consisting of:
13. Cotton-tipped applicators ................................ X ....... X
14. Forceps .................................................. X ....... X
15. Emesis basin ............................................. X ....... X
16. Flashlight ............................................... X ....... X
17. Magnifying glass ......................................... X ....... X
18. Portable oxygen and its
breathing equipment ................................................ X
19. Tongue depressors ......................... X
Appropriate record forms ...................... X .... X ..... X ....... X
Up-to-date 'standard' or 'advanced'
first-aid textbook, manual or
equivalent ................................... X .... X ..... X ....... X
[FNa1] To be readily available but not necessarily within the first-aid kit.
(2) Other supplies and equipment, when provided, shall be in accordance with the documented recommendations of an employer-authorized, licensed physician upon consideration of the extent and type of emergency care to be given based upon the anticipated incidence and nature of injuries and illnesses and availability of transportation to medical care.
(3) Drugs, antiseptics, eye irrigation solutions, inhalants, medicines, or proprietary preparations shall not be included in first-aid kits unless specifically approved, in writing, by an employer-authorized, licensed physician.
(d) Informing Employees of Emergency Procedures. Each employer shall inform all of his employees of the procedure to follow in case of injury or illness.
(e) Provision for Obtaining Emergency Medical Services. Proper equipment for the prompt transportation of the injured or ill person to a physician or hospital where emergency care is provided, or an effective communication system for contacting hospitals or other emergency medical facilities, physicians, ambulance and fire services, shall be provided. The telephone numbers of the following emergency services in the area shall be posted near the job telephone, telephone switchboard, or otherwise made available to the employees where no job site telephone exists:
(1) A physician and at least one alternate if available.
(2) Hospitals.
(3) Ambulance services.
(4) Fire-protection services.
(f) Emergency Washing Facilities. Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious or corrosive materials, suitable facilities for drenching the body or flushing the eyes with clean water shall be conspicuously and readily accessible.
(g) Emergency Call Systems. A two-way voice emergency communication system shall be installed, for buildings and structures five or more floors or 48 feet or more above or below ground level, to notify persons designated in the emergency medical services plan. The location and condition of the employee shall be able to be communicated over the system. The use of the construction passenger elevators for medical emergencies shall take precedence over all other use.
Exception: Where jobsite conditions prevent or impair the communication of the required information over the system, an alternative system acceptable to the Division shall be used.
(h) Basket Litter. At least one basket or equally appropriate litter equipped with straps and two blankets, or other similar warm covering, shall be provided for each building or structure five or more floors or 48 feet or more either above or below ground level.
(i) Written Plan. The employer shall have a written plan to provide emergency medical services. The plan shall specify the means of implementing all applicable requirements in this section. When employers form a combined emergency medical services program with appropriately trained persons, one written plan will be considered acceptable to comply with the intent of this subsection.
Note: The provisions of Section 1512 are not intended to exclude immediate treatment of minor injuries which do not require the services of a physician.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1513. Housekeeping.
(a) During the course of construction, alteration, or repairs, form and scrap lumber with protruding nails and all other debris shall be kept reasonably cleared from work areas, passageways, and stairs in and around buildings or other structures.
(b) The ground area within 6 feet of a building under construction shall be reasonable free from irregularities wherever it is practicable to attain this condition by grading or similar methods, and open ditches shall be bridged to provide passageways at convenient places.
(c) Material storage areas and walkways on the construction site shall be maintained reasonably free of dangerous depressions, obstructions, and debris.
(d) Combustible debris accumulated within the building or structure shall be removed promptly during the course of construction. Safe means shall be provided to expedite such removal.
(e) Flammable or hazardous wastes shall be placed in covered containers separate from the normal debris.
(f) All waste shall be disposed of at intervals determined by the rate of accumulation and capacity of the job site container.
(g) Waste, materials, or tools shall not be thrown from buildings or structures to areas where employee(s) may be located, unless the area where the material falls is guarded by fences, barricades, or other methods/means to prevent employee(s) from entering and being struck by falling objects. Signs shall be posted to warn employees of the hazard.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1514. Personal Protective Devices.
(a) The employer shall require employees to use the required personal protective equipment.
(b) Personal protective equipment required by these orders shall be approved and distinctly marked so as to facilitate identification.
EXCEPTION: Employer manufactured shields, barriers, etc.
(c) Personal protective equipment shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
(d) The employer shall assure that employee-owned personal protective equipment complies with these regulations and that this equipment is maintained in a safe, sanitary condition.
(e) Protectors shall be of such design, fit and durability as to provide adequate protection against the hazards for which they are designed. They shall be reasonably comfortable and shall not unduly encumber the employee's movements.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1515. Head Protection.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1516. Eye and Face Protection.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1517. Foot Protection.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1518. Protection from Electric Shock.
(a) Suitable protective equipment or devices shall be provided and used on or near energized equipment for the protection of employees where there is a recognized hazard of electrical shock or burns.
(b) When protective insulating equipment is used, it shall comply with the Electrical Safety Orders.
(c) In lieu of other protective equipment, barricades shall be used to provide protection from exposed, energized equipment.
(d) Before work is begun, the employer shall ascertain by inquiry, direct observation, or by instruments, whether any part of an energized electric power circuit, exposed or concealed, is so located that the performance of the work may bring any person, tool or machine into physical or electrical contact with the electric power circuit.
(1) Where such circuits exist, a legible marking shall be made indicating the presence and location of the energized circuit(s), or warning signs shall be posted in accordance with Section 3340 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(2) The employer shall advise the employee of the location of such energized circuits, the hazards involved, and the protective measures to be taken in accordance with Section 1509 of these Orders. Note:Section 1518(d) applies to electrical installations present on the jobsite which do not involve excavations. For electrical installations involving excavations as defined in Section 1540, see Section 1541.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1519. Sanitation.
Personal protective equipment shall be kept clean and in good repair. Safety devices, including protective clothing worn by the employee, shall not be interchanged among the employees until properly cleaned.
EXCEPTION: Safety devices worn over shoes or outer clothing, no part of which contacts the skin of the wearer, such as metal footguards.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1520. Hand Protection.
Hand protection shall be required for employees whose work involves unusual and excessive exposure to cuts, burns, harmful physical or chemical agents or radioactive materials which are encountered and capable of causing injury or impairments.
EXCEPTION: Hand protection shall not be required where there is a danger of the hand protection becoming caught in moving machinery or materials.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1521. Ear Protection.
Where required by Section 5096(b) of the General Industry Safety Orders, ear protection shall be provided by the employer and the employer shall require employees to wear the ear protection.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1522. Body Protection.
(a) Appropriate body protection shall be required for those employees whose work exposes them to injurious materials.
Note: Employees should be cautioned to wash promptly and thoroughly after exposure to injurious substances.
(b) Clothing appropriate for the work being done shall be worn. Loose sleeves, tails, ties, frills, lapels, cuffs, or other loose clothing shall not be worn around machinery in which it might become entangled.
(c) Clothing saturated or impregnated with flammable liquids, corrosive substances, irritants, or oxidizing agents shall be promptly removed, and shall not be worn until cleaned.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1523. Illumination.
(a) Construction areas, ramps, corridors, offices, shops and storage areas, etc., shall be lighted to not less than the minimum illumination intensities in the following Table while work is in progress.
Minimum Illumination Intensities In Foot-Candles
Foot-Candles .. Area or Operation
3............ General construction area lighting low activity.
5............ Outdoor active construction areas, concrete
placement, excavation and waste areas, accessways, active
storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and field
maintenance areas.
5............ Indoors: warehouses, corridors, hallways, stairways, and
exit-ways.
10............. General construction plant and shops (e.g., batch plants,
screening plants, mechanical and electrical equipment
rooms, carpenter shops, rigging lofts and active
storerooms, barracks or living quarters, locker or dressing
rooms, mess halls and indoor toilets and workrooms).
10............. Nighttime highway construction work.
30............. First-aid stations, infirmaries, and offices.
Note:For areas or operations not covered above, refer to the recommended illumination values contained in the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) of North America, Committee on Industrial Lighting, American National Standard, (ANSI/IES) Practice for Industrial Lighting, Publication RP-7-1991.
(b) Nighttime highway construction work lighting shall be provided within the work zone to illuminate the task(s) in a manner that will minimize glare to work crews and not interfere with the vision of oncoming motorists (e.g. providing screens, mounting lamps below the top edge of the barrier wall, varying the beam angle, etc.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1524. Water Supply.
(a) Potable Water.
(1) An adequate supply of potable water shall be provided in all places of employment.
(2) Portable containers used to dispense drinking water shall be equipped with a faucet or drinking fountain, shall be capable of being tightly closed and shall be otherwise designed, constructed and serviced so that sanitary conditions are maintained. Water shall not be dipped from containers.
(3) Any container used to store or dispense drinking water shall be clearly marked as to the nature of its contents and shall not be used for any other purpose.
(4) Where drinking fountains are not provided, single-service cups (to be used but once) shall be supplied. Where single-service cups are supplied, a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided.
(b) Nonpotable Water.
(1) Nonpotable water shall not be used for the purposes of drinking, washing, or food preparation.
(2) Outlets for nonpotable water, such as water for industrial or firefighting purposes, shall be posted in a manner understandable to all employees to indicate that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing or cooking purposes.
(3) Nonpotable water systems or systems carrying any other nonpotable substance shall be maintained so as to prevent backflow or backsiphonage into a potable water system.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1525. Glass.
(a) Employees shall be protected against the hazard of walking through glass by barriers or by conspicuous durable markings.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1526. Toilets at Construction Jobsites.
(a) A minimum of one separate toilet facility shall be provided for each 20 employees or fraction thereof of each sex. Such facilities may include both toilets and urinals provided that the number of toilets shall not be less than one half of the minimum required number of facilities.
EXCEPTION: Where there are less than 5 employees, separate toilet facilities for each sex are not required provided the toilet facilities can be locked from the inside and contain at least one toilet.
(b) Under temporary field conditions, not less than one toilet shall be available.
(c) Where the provision of water closets is not feasible due to the absence of a sanitary sewer or the lack of an adequate water supply, nonwater carriage disposal facilities shall be provided. Unless prohibited by applicable local regulations, these facilities may include privies (where their use will not contaminate either surface or underground waters), chemical toilets, recirculating toilets, or combustion toilets.
(d) Toilet facilities shall be kept clean, maintained in good working order, designed and maintained in a manner which will assure privacy and provided with an adequate supply of toilet paper.
(e) The requirements of this section shall not apply to mobile crews having readily available transportation to nearby toilet facilities.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1527. Washing Facilities, Food Handling, and Temporary Sleeping Quarters.
(a) Washing Facilities.
(1) General. Washing facilities shall be provided as follows: A minimum of one washing station shall be provided for each twenty employees or fraction thereof. Washing stations provided to comply with this requirement shall at all times:
(A) Be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition;
(B) Have an adequate supply of water for effective washing;
(C) Have a readily available supply of soap or other suitable cleansing agent;
(D) Have a readily available supply of single-use towels or a warm-air blower;
(E) Be located and arranged so that any time a toilet is used, the user can readily wash; and
(F) When provided in association with a nonwater carriage toilet facility in accordance with Section 1526(c),
1. Provide a sign or equivalent method of notice indicating that the water is intended for washing; and
2. Be located outside of the toilet facility and not attached to it. Exception to subsection (a)(1)(F)(2.): Where there are less than 5 employees, and only one toilet facility is provided, the required washing facility may be located inside of the toilet facility. Exception to subsection (a)(1): Mobile crews having readily available transportation to a nearby toilet and washing facility.
(2) Washing facilities for hazardous substances. Where employees are engaging in the application of paints or coatings, or in other operations involving substances which may be harmful to the employees, washing facilities shall be provided in near proximity to the worksite and shall be so equipped as to enable employees to remove such substances. Facilities provided to comply with this requirement shall at all times:
(A) Be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition;
(B) Have an adequate supply of water sufficient for effective removal of the hazardous substance from skin surfaces; and
(C) Have a readily available supply of soap, and where necessary to effect removal, special cleansing compounds designed specifically for removal of the hazardous substance from skin surfaces; and
(D) Have a readily available supply of single use towels or a warm-air blower.
(3) Showers. When showering is required by the employer or these orders, the shower shall meet the requirements of Section 3366(f).
(b) Food Handling. All food service facilities and operations shall meet the applicable laws, ordinances, and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they are located
(c) Temporary Sleeping Quarters. When temporary sleeping quarters are provided, they shall be heated, ventilated, and lighted and shall meet the applicable laws, ordinances and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they are located.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1528. General.
(a) Whenever an oxygen deficient atmosphere or harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases exist or are produced in the course of employment in quantities giving rise to harmful exposure of employees, such hazards shall be controlled by removing the employees from exposure to the hazard, by limiting the daily exposure of employees to the hazard, or by application of engineering controls. Whenever such controls are not practicable or fail to achieve full compliance, respiratory protective equipment shall be provided as prescribed in Section 1531.
(b) Employees exposed to hazardous substances shall be protected as required by Group 16 of the General Industry Safety Orders.
(c) When ventilation is used as an engineering control method, the system shall be installed and operated according to the requirements of this Article.
(d) The spraying of any substance containing any amount of asbestos in or upon a building or other structure during its construction, alteration or repair is prohibited.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Exterior and interior coatings and laminating resins containing encapsulated asbestos fibers bound within the finished product from manufacture through application.
2. Cold process asphalt roof coatings.
3. Substances containing less than one-quarter of 1 percent asbestos solely as a result of naturally occurring impurities in the substance or its components.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 25910, Health and Safety Code; and Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 1529. Asbestos.
(a) Scope and application.
(1) This section regulates asbestos exposure in all construction work as defined in Section 1502 including but not limited to the following:
(A) Demolition or salvage of structures where asbestos is present;
(B) Removal or encapsulation of materials containing asbestos;
(C) Construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, or renovation of structures, substrates, or portions thereof, that contain asbestos;
(D) Installation of products containing asbestos;
(E) Asbestos spill/emergency cleanup;
(F) Transportation, disposal, storage, containment of and housekeeping activities involving asbestos or products containing asbestos, on the site or location at which construction activities are performed;
(G) Excavation which may involve exposure to asbestos as a natural constituent which is not related to asbestos mining and milling activities;
(H) Routine facility maintenance; and
(I) Erection of new electric transmission and distribution lines and equipment, and alteration, conversion and improvement of the existing transmission and distribution lines and equipment.
(2) Whenever employee exposures to asbestos, as defined in subsection (b) of this section consist only of exposure to tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite in the nonasbestiform mineral habit, the provisions of Section 5208.1 shall apply.
(3) The provisions of this section are subject to the requirements of the Occupational Carcinogen Control Act of 1976 (Labor Code, Division 5, Part 10).
(4) Coverage under this Section shall be based on the nature of the work operation involving asbestos exposure.
(b) Definitions.
"Aggressive-method" means removal or disturbance of building material by sanding, abrading, grinding or other method that breaks, crumbles, or disintegrates intact ACM.
"Amended water" means water to which surfactant (wetting agent) has been added to increase the ability of the liquid to penetrate ACM.
"Asbestos" includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of these minerals that has been chemically treated and/or altered. For purposes of this standard, "asbestos" includes PACM, as defined below.
"Asbestos-containing material (ACM)", means any material containing more than one percent asbestos.
"Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or designee.
"Authorized person" means any person authorized by the employer and required by work duties to be present in regulated areas.
"Building/facility owner" is the legal entity, including a lessee, which exercises control over management and record keeping functions relating to a building and/or facility in which activities covered by this standard take place.
"Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH)" means one certified in the practice of industrial hygiene by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene.
"Chief" means the Chief of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 420603, San Francisco, CA 94142.
"Class I asbestos work" means activities involving the removal of TSI and surfacing ACM and PACM.
"Class II asbestos work" means activities involving the removal of ACM which is not thermal system insulation or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited to, the removal of asbestos-containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and siding shingles, and construction mastics.
"Class III asbestos work" means repair and maintenance operations, where "ACM", including TSI and surfacing ACM and PACM, is likely to be disturbed.
"Class IV asbestos work" means maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact but do not disturb ACM or PACM and activities to clean up dust, waste and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities.
"Clean room" means an uncontaminated room having facilities for the storage of employees' street clothing and uncontaminated materials and equipment.
"Closely resemble" means that the major workplace conditions which have contributed to the levels of historic asbestos exposure, are no more protective than conditions of the current workplace.
"Competent person" means, in addition to one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, one who is capable of identifying existing asbestos hazards in the workplace and selecting the appropriate control strategy for asbestos exposure, who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them: in addition, for Class I and Class II work who is specially trained in a training course which meets the criteria of EPA's Model Accreditation Plan (40 CFR part 763) for supervisor, or its equivalent and, for Class III and Class IV work, who is trained in a manner consistent with EPA requirements for training of local education agency maintenance and custodial staff as set forth at 40 CFR 763.92 (a)(2). Note: For operations involving more than 100 square feet of asbestos containing construction material as defined in subsection (r) of this section the competent person may fulfill the requirement contained in Section 341.9 to specify a certified supervisor for asbestos related work.
"Critical barrier" means one or more layers of plastic sealed over all openings into a work area or any other similarly placed physical barrier sufficient to prevent airborne asbestos in a work area from migrating to an adjacent area.
"Decontamination area" means an enclosed area adjacent and connected to the regulated area and consisting of an equipment room, shower area, and clean room, which is used for the decontamination of workers, materials, and equipment that are contaminated with asbestos.
"Demolition" means the wrecking or taking out of any load- supporting structural member and any related razing, removing, or stripping of asbestos products.
"Director" means the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee.
"Disturbance" means activities that disrupt the matrix of ACM or PACM, crumble or pulverize ACM or PACM, or generate visible debris from ACM or PACM. Disturbance includes cutting away small amounts of ACM and PACM, no greater than the amount which can be contained in one standard sized glove bag or waste bag in order to access a building component. In no event shall the amount of ACM or PACM so disturbed exceed that which can be contained in one glove bag or waste bag which shall not exceed 60 inches in length and width.
"Employee exposure" means that exposure to airborne asbestos that would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protective equipment.
"Equipment room (change room)" means a contaminated room located within the decontamination area that is supplied with impermeable bags or containers for the disposal of contaminated protective clothing and equipment.
"Fiber" means a particulate form of asbestos, 5 micrometers or longer, with a length-to-diameter ratio of at least 3 to 1.
"Glovebag" means an impervious plastic bag-like enclosure affixed around not more than a 60 x 60 inch asbestos-containing material, with glove-like appendages through which material and tools may be handled.
"High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter" means a filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of all mono-dispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter.
"Homogeneous area" means an area of surfacing material or thermal system insulation that is uniform in color and texture.
"Industrial hygienist" means a professional qualified by education, training, and experience to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and develop controls for occupational health hazards.
"Intact" means that the ACM has not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise deteriorated so that the asbestos is no longer likely to be bound with its matrix.
"Modification" for purposes of subsection (g)(6), means a changed or altered procedure, material or component of a control system, which replaces a procedure, material or component of a required system. Omitting a procedure or component, or reducing or diminishing the stringency or strength of a material or component of the control system is not a "modification" for purposes of subsection (g)(6) of this section.
"Negative Initial Exposure Assessment" means a demonstration by the employer, which complies with the criteria in subsection (f)(2)(C) of this section, that employee exposure during an operation is expected to be consistently below the PELs.
"PACM" means "presumed asbestos-containing material".
"Presumed Asbestos Containing Material" means thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980. The designation of a material as "PACM" may be rebutted pursuant to subsection (k)(5) of this section.
"Project Designer" means a person who has successfully completed the training requirements for an abatement project designer established by 40 U.S.C. Sec. 763.90(g).
"Regulated area" means: an area established by the employer to demarcate areas where Class I, II, and III asbestos work is conducted, and any adjoining area where debris and waste from such asbestos work accumulate; and a work area within which airborne concentrations of asbestos, exceed or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed the permissible exposure limit. Requirements for regulated areas are set out in subsection (e) of this section.
"Removal" means all operations where ACM and/or PACM is taken out or stripped from structures or substrates, and includes demolition operations.
"Renovation" means the modifying of any existing structure, or portion thereof.
"Repair" means overhauling, rebuilding, reconstructing, or reconditioning of structures or substrates, including encapsulation or other repair of ACM or PACM attached to structures or substrates.
"Surfacing material" means material that is sprayed, troweled-on or otherwise applied to surfaces (such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing materials on structural members, or other materials on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, and other purposes).
"Surfacing ACM" means surfacing material which contains more than 1% asbestos.
"Thermal system insulation (TSI)" means ACM applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts or other structural components to prevent heat loss or gain.
"Thermal system insulation ACM" is thermal system insulation which contains more than 1% asbestos.
(c) Permissible exposure limits (PELS).
(1) Time-weighted average limit (TWA). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air as an eight (8) hour time-weighted average (TWA), as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A to this section, or by an equivalent method.
(2) Excursion limit. The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 1.0 fiber per cubic centimeter of air (1 f/cc) as averaged over a sampling period of thirty (30) minutes, as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A to this section, or by an equivalent method.
(d) Multi-employer worksites.
(1) On multi-employer worksites, an employer performing work requiring the establishment of a regulated area shall inform other employers on the site of the nature of the employer's work with asbestos and/or PACM, of the existence of and requirements pertaining to regulated areas, and the measures taken to ensure that employees of such other employers are not exposed to asbestos.
(2) Asbestos hazards at a multi-employer work site shall be abated by the contractor who created or controls the source of asbestos contamination. For example, if there is a significant breach of an enclosure containing Class I work, the employer responsible for erecting the enclosure shall repair the breach immediately.
(3) In addition, all employers of employees exposed to asbestos hazards shall comply with applicable protective provisions to protect their employees. For example, if employees working immediately adjacent to a Class I asbestos job are exposed to asbestos due to the inadequate containment of such job, their employer shall either remove the employees from the area until the enclosure breach is repaired; or perform an initial exposure assessment pursuant to subsection (f) of this section.
(4) All employers of employees working adjacent to regulated areas established by another employer on a multi-employer work-site, shall take steps on a daily basis to ascertain the integrity of the enclosure and/or the effectiveness of the control method relied on by the primary asbestos contractor to assure that asbestos fibers do not migrate to such adjacent areas.
(5) All general contractors on a construction project which includes work covered by this standard shall be deemed to exercise general supervisory authority over the work covered by this standard, even though the general contractor is not qualified to serve as the asbestos "competent person" as defined by subsection (b) of this section. As supervisor of the entire project, the general contractor shall ascertain whether the asbestos contractor is in compliance with this standard, and shall require such contractor to come into compliance with this standard when necessary.
(e) Regulated areas.
(1) All Class I, II and III asbestos work shall be conducted within regulated areas. All other operations covered by this standard shall be conducted within a regulated area where airborne concentrations of asbestos exceed, or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed a PEL. Regulated areas shall comply with the requirements of subsections (2), (3), (4), and (5) of this subsection.
(2) Demarcation. The regulated area shall be demarcated in any manner that minimizes the number of persons within the area and protects persons outside the area from exposure to airborne asbestos. Where critical barriers or negative pressure enclosures are used, they may demarcate the regulated area. Signs shall be provided and displayed pursuant to the requirements of subsection (k)(7) of this section.
(3) Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons and to persons authorized by the Chief or Director.
(4) Respirators. All persons entering a regulated area where employees are required pursuant to subsection (h)(1) of this section to wear respirators shall be supplied with a respirator selected in accordance with subsection (h)(2) of this section. (continued)