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(continued)
(c) Connections for hose, metallic hose, flexible metal hose and tubing shall be designed with a burst pressure of at least 4 times the most severe pressure and temperature conditions expected.
(d) The components of the hose and metallic hose shall be tested after assembly and prior to use to at least 2 times the service pressure, and also tested to a pneumatic pressure of at least 600 psi under water. After the original installation, all hoses shall be examined visually at such intervals as are necessary to assure that they are safe for use. In no case shall such examination interval exceed one year. Hose shall be tested for leaks with soap suds or equivalent at least annually and any leakage shall be reason for rejection. This test shall be recorded and the record shall be available to the qualified inspector.
(e) All hose, metallic hose, flexible metal hose and tubing and their connections shall be maintained in a safe condition.
(f) While in transit, all hose and flexible metal hose and tubing to be used in the transfer operation, including their connections, shall be protected from wear or injury and shall be capped.
(g) Hose, metallic hose, flexible metal hose and tubing shall be distinctly marked either by the manufacturer's permanently attached tag or by distinct markings every 5 feet indicating the manufacturer's name or trademark, service and working pressure.
[FNa1] For Appendix A, refer to end of Subchapter 1.











s 539. Pressure Gages.
Every bulk storage tank, dispensing tank, transportation tank and bulk delivery tank shall be provided with a suitable pressure gage. The pressure gage shall be installed in a special gage outlet installed permanently on the tank or tank system and having an opening not to exceed No. 54 drill size opening at the tank connection. Pressure gages for LNG vessels shall have their connection above the maximum permissible liquid level. The pressure gage shall have a dial graduated to read approximately double the operating pressure, but in no case less than 1.2 times the pressure at which the pressure relief valve is set to function.
[FNa1] For Appendix A, refer to end of Subchapter 1.











s 540. LNG Vaporizer Installation.
(a) Vaporizers in excess of 1-gallon capacity shall be provided with suitable automatic means to prevent liquid from passing into the vapor system. This is not applicable to vaporizers discharging back to the vessel only.
(b) Vaporizers in excess of 1-gallon capacity shall be provided with one or more safety relief valves suitable for use with natural gas and set to open at not less than the maximum working pressure and not more than 110 percent of the maximum working pressure of the vaporizer.
(c) The minimum relieving capacity of the safety relief valves shall be at least equal to the capacity marking on the vaporizer nameplate as required in Section 525 (c)(5). This marking shall be determined for exposure to external fire and shall be sufficient to prevent pressure in the vaporizer from exceeding 120 percent of the maximum working pressure. When determined by calculation, the applicable formula in Appendix A shall be used.
The safety relief valve discharge shall be led outside of the vaporizer building, if any, and be discharged at a safe place.
(d) No coil or other device carrying artificial heat for vaporization shall be located inside of any LNG vessel not constructed for vaporizing only.
(e) Vaporizers shall not be installed inside of buildings unless the building is specifically designed for housing LNG vaporizers; in which case the building shall be constructed of non-combustible material and be adequately ventilated at both the floor line and ceiling. Ventilation shall be designed to prevent gasses lighter than air from being trapped at ceiling level.
Note: Ventilation is considered adequate when no mixture of flammable gases is permitted in concentrations exceeding 1/5 of the lower flammability limit for such mixture.
(f) Surge tanks, containing vapor only at 20 psi or less, shall be located at least 10 feet from important buildings and property lines. Such tanks operating at pressures exceeding 20 psi shall be located with respect to important buildings and property lines in accordance with Order 531 (a).
[FNa1] For Appendix A, refer to end of Subchapter 1.












s 541. Safety Relief Devices.
(a) General.
(1) Unless covered elsewhere in these Orders, every natural gas tank shall be provided with one or more spring-loaded safety relief valves set to open as follows with relation to the maximum allowable working pressure:


Minimum Safety Maximum Safety
Relief Valve Relief Valve
Type of Vessel ..................... Setting Setting
ASME Code Constructed Vessels
with a factor of
safety of 5 or more....................... 100% 125%
ASME Code Constructed Vessels
built with a factor of safety of
less than 5............................... 100% 110%
DOT Cylinders -
Safety Relief Devices............... As approved by Bureau of Explosives


All safety relief valves required by this Order shall be ASME labeled except for safety relief devices on DOT cylinders and safety relief valves as required in 537 (c)(3), which may be ASME or Underwriters' Laboratories rated and stamped.
(2) Each safety relief valve shall be plainly marked by the manufacturer of the valve with the pressure in pounds per square inch at which the valve is set to start to discharge and the discharge capacity in cubic feet per minute (cfm) air.
(3) No shutoff valves shall be installed between the safety relief valves and the tank without written permission from the Division except that a shutoff valve may be used on multiple valve installations where the arrangement of the valves will provide full required flow through the safety relief valves at all times. The opening or connection between the tank and safety relief valve or valves shall have at least the combined areas of all connected safety relief valve inlets.
(4) Safety relief valves shall be so arranged that they will have an unobstructed full size discharge to a safe place, and shall be so arranged that escaping gas will not impinge on the vessel, valves or fittings.
(5) Except for safety valves that are integral with service valves, safety relief valves on tanks and cylinders shall be installed in a vertical position and shall be fitted with suitable raincaps.
(6) Safety relief valves for natural gas service shall not be fitted with lifting devices. The adjustment if external shall be provided with means for sealing the adjustment to prevent tampering by unauthorized persons. If at any time it is necessary to break such seal, the valve shall be removed from service until it has been reset and sealed. Any adjustments necessary to natural gas safety relief valves shall be made by the manufacturer or other companies having competent personnel and adequate facilities for the repair, adjustment and testing of such valves. The organization making such adjustment shall attach a permanent tag with the setting, capacity and date. All safety relief devices shall be tested at least annually and maintained in proper operating condition.
(7) If pressure regulators are used, a safety relief device shall be provided on the low-pressure side of each final stage regulator and on the low-pressure side of all other regulators unless the piping and/or fittings from the low-pressure side of such regulators to the high-pressure side of the next stage regulation are suitable for full tank pressure.
(8) Safety relief valves for surge tanks containing vapor only shall have a relieving capacity of not less than the maximum input from the system, vaporizer or reducing valves.

(9) Fusible plugs and/or rupture discs are prohibited for primary relief devices except as permitted in (b) (3) below.
(10) On underground installations, the discharge from safety relief valves shall be vertically upward and shall be piped to a point at least 10 feet aboveground, and shall meet the requirements for the location of tanks as specified in Order 531 (a) (1), (2) and (3).
(b) Compressed Natural Gas.
(1) The minimum required rate of discharge of the safety relief valves for aboveground CNG tanks shall be at least equal to any input from the system, whether stored or being compressed.
(2) Safety relief valves located on stationary tanks of over 166,000 cubic feet capacity, shall be fitted with ferrous standpipes which will discharge at least 2 feet above the top of the tank, but not less than 10 feet above ground level. These standpipes shall not be threaded at the open end, and shall be fitted with suitable drain openings. Return bends and pipe fittings at the upper ends of safety relief valve discharge pipes are prohibited. Standpipes shall be adequately braced or otherwise supported if over 4 feet in length.

(3) Safety relief devices for DOT cylinders shall be provided in accordance with DOT regulations.
(4) Safety relief valves for underground CNG tanks shall have a relieving capacity of not less than that required for aboveground tanks.
(c) Liquefied Natural Gas.
(1) The minimum relieving capacity of the safety relief valves for LNG tanks shall be at least equal to the capacity marking on the vessel nameplate required in 523 (c) (4).
(2) Safety relief capacity shall be determined for exposure to external fire and shall be sufficient to prevent pressure in the tank from exceeding 120 percent of the allowable working pressure for tanks built with a factor of safety of less than 5 and 150 percent for tanks built with a factor of safety of 5 or more. For calculating, the applicable formula in Appendix A shall be used to determine minimum relieving capacity.
(3) Safety relief valves for underground LNG tanks shall have a relieving capacity at least equal to the relief valve capacity markings on the vessel nameplate. When the capacity is not based on exposure of the vessel to fire, such underground tanks shall not be uncovered until they are free of liquid.
(4) Unless otherwise provided for in these Orders, safety relief valves shall have direct communication with the vapor space of the vessel.
(5) Safety relief valves located on stationary tanks over 2,000 gallons capacity shall be fitted with ferrous or suitable copper alloy standpipes which will discharge at least 2 feet above the top of the tank but not less than 10 feet above ground level. These standpipes shall not be threaded at the open end, and shall be fitted with suitable raincaps and shall be provided with a drain opening at their lower end unless the safety relief valves discharging into the standpipes are fitted with suitable drain openings. Return bends and pipe fittings at the upper ends of safety relief valve discharge pipes shall be prohibited. Standpipes shall be adequately braced or otherwise supported if over 4 feet in length.
(6) The outer tank of LNG vessels shall be provided with one or more relief devices set to open at not more than the maximum design working pressure of the outer tank. The discharge area shall be not less than .00024 square inch per pound of water capacity of the inner tank.
[FNa1] For Appendix A, refer to end of Subchapter 1.











s 542. Warning Signs.
(a) All tanks and cylinders in excess of 60 gallons capacity, except transportation tanks and fuel tanks on motor vehicles, shall have the word "FLAMMABLE" painted or otherwise suitably applied on each side that is readily visible. The letters of this sign shall be standard type and shall have a height of at least 1/12 of the diameter of the tank, but need not be in excess of 1 1/2 inches for tanks of 575 gallons capacity or less, or 4 inches for tanks exceeding 575 gallons capacity.
Transportation tanks shall have warning signs as required by the Department of Highway Patrol.
(b) Warning signs with the words "NO SMOKING OR OPEN FLAMES PERMITTED WITHIN ____FEET" shall be painted or otherwise suitably applied in letters at least 1 1/2 inches high, in sharply contrasting colors on each stationary tank or on a sign posted adjacent to the tank. This sign shall also be posted adjacent to all loading and unloading terminals and vaporizers located more than 50 feet from the tank.
Note: The distance shall be that shown in the following table:

Volumetric Capacity of
Tanks and Cylinders ...................... Minimum Distance
in U. S. Gallons ....................... From Open Flame
60 to 575 U. S. gallons inclusive.......... 10 feet
576 to 2,000 U. S. gallons inclusive....... 25 feet

Over 2,000 U. S. gallons................... 50 feet


(c) When 2 or more tanks are installed in battery, the requirements of Order 542 (a) and (b) will be considered as being complied with when the required warning signs are prominently displayed on all exposed sides of tanks.
[FNa1] For Appendix A, refer to end of Subchapter 1.











s 543. Storage, Transfer and/or Vaporization of Natural Gas Within Buildings for the Purpose of Filling Motor Fuel Tanks or for Operating Stationary Internal Combustion Engines.
(a) CNG may be stored and LNG may be stored or vaporized within a building or an enclosure providing that the structure is of non-combustible construction, that it is used for industrial purposes only and that the floor area does not exceed 500 square feet.
(b) The space shall be used exclusively for the vaporization of the CNG or LNG or for the storage of not more than a total of 41,500 standard cubic feet of CNG or 500 gallons of LNG. If vapors heavier than air can be present, the structure shall not be below ground level and the space below the floor shall either be of solid fill or else properly ventilated to the open air.
(c) In all cases ventilation must be provided at both floor and ceiling levels and shall be considered adequate when no mixture of flammable gases is permitted in concentrations exceeding 20 percent of the lower flammability limit for the mixture. The requirements of this paragraph may be met by either:
(1) A continuously operating mechanical ventilation system.
(2) A gravity ventilation system composed of a combination of wall vents at the floor level and roof ventilators, or
(3) A combination of the two.
(d) Pumps and compressors should be located outdoors in a freely ventilated area. If installed within a building, such building shall be open on at least one side or be of louvered construction on at least two sides unless other acceptable ventilation is provided and it shall also be equipped with adequate roof ventilators.
(e) All electrical wiring and electrical equipment shall be suitable for use in Class 1, Division 1 location if natural gas is transferred within a building or enclosure. All other electrical wiring and electrical equipment located within a building where there is no transfer shall be suitable for use in a Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location.
(f) All gas piping to the building shall be provided with shutoff valves located outside the building. (Title 24, T8-543)
[FNa1] For Appendix A, refer to end of Subchapter 1.











s 544. Installation of Fuel Tanks or Cylinders for Motor Vehicles and Industrial Trucks.
Note: This Section does not apply to those vehicles under the control of the Department of Highway Patrol, except subsections (p), (q), and (r).
(a) Motor fuel tanks or cylinders shall be located in a place and in a manner to minimize the possibility of physical damage.
(b) Motor fuel tanks or cylinders for passenger type vehicles may be located in the trunk compartment provided the trunk compartment is properly ventilated and the safety relief valve discharge is piped outside. When a motor fuel tank or cylinder is installed inside a trunk or other compartment, positive means shall be provided to prevent leakage of natural gas into the passenger or driver's compartment. Vehicle tanks or cylinders that have their connections or appurtenances in the end shall have as much space as possible for connecting the required flexible metal hose or tubing and for operating the manually operated shutoff valve.
(c) If radio transmitting or receiving equipment is located in the same compartment as the fuel tank or cylinder such transmitting or receiving equipment shall be enclosed in a vapor-tight compartment or otherwise protected from escaping fuel, unless the radio equipment is approved for use in a Class 1, Division 1, Group D location.
(d) For passenger-carrying or other commercial vehicles, motor fuel tanks or cylinders and their valves and appurtenances may be installed in a recess which is vapor-tight to the inside of the vehicle and accessible from and vented to the outside.
(e) Valves, fittings and appurtenances containing natural gas shall not be located in the passenger or driver compartment unless all such valves fittings and appurtenances are positively sealed off from and vented to a point outside the passenger or driver compartment.
(f) Each motor fuel tank shall be provided with a manually operated shutoff valve screwed directly into the tank connection. The manual shutoff valve shall be readily accessible or an electrically operated valve shall be installed in the line next to the manual valve. The manual shutoff valve shall be legibly labeled "Shutoff Valve." In installations of multiple cylinder manifolding, there shall also be a master shut-off valve either electrically or manually operated and located downstream from but as close as possible to the last cylinder in the series. In these cases there shall be a label indicating "Shut-off Valve" at the master valve and the individual tank valves need not be labeled.
(g) Motor fuel tanks or cylinders shall be installed in such a manner that the bottom of the vessel and/or any connection thereto shall not be lower than the lowest horizontal axle when the vehicle is fully loaded.
(h) Vents from control devices shall discharge outside the trunk compartment or other confined space.
(i) Motor fuel tanks or cylinders shall be secured in a manner to prevent jarring loose, slipping or rotating of the tanks. Such fastening shall be designed to withstand loadings in any direction equal to the filled weight of the tank with a factor of safety of at least 8. Motor fuel tanks or cylinders shall not be fastened directly to the gasoline fuel tank. Compensation shall be made for the added weight by proper design or redesign of the vehicle suspension system when the loaded weight of the vehicle exceeds the manufacturer's maximum specifications.
(j) Manifolded motor fuel tanks or cylinders shall be supported and held together as a unit by structurally adequate means. Manifolded branch lines shall be sufficiently flexible to prevent damage to the lines, valves and tanks due to vibration, expansion or contraction. Valves and appurtenances shall be protected from mechanical damage either by being located in recessed wells or by adequate guarding.
(k) All connecting parts of the fuel system shall be installed in such a manner as to prevent abrasion, vibration or fatigue and physical damage.
(l) Field welding, where necessary, shall be made only on saddle plates, brackets or other non-pressure parts that were provided and installed by the manufacturer of the tank or cylinder. There shall be no welding on the vessel shell or heads other than that by the manufacturer unless the welding is acceptable to the authorized inspector.
(m) The connection between the motor fuel tanks or cylinders and the reducing valves, vaporizer or other devices used to reduce the pressure to that needed for carburetion shall be of flexible metallic tubing, wire-braided hose or equivalent with a factor of safety of not less than 5 for the most severe pressure and temperature design conditions. There shall be as few connections and fittings as practicable.
(n) Automatic pressure reducing equipment shall be used for the purpose of reducing the pressure of natural gas to the carburetor, which shall not exceed 5 psi. Positive means shall be provided to prevent malfunction due to refrigeration effects. There shall be a device in the fuel supply system which will automatically stop the flow of fuel when the engine is not running.
(o) Each driver shall be trained in the safe use of this fuel system and be provided with a set of operating instructions. The driver's employer shall be responsible to see that this is done.
(p) While the natural gas motor fuel tank or cylinder is being filled, the vehicle parking or emergency brakes shall be set and the motor shut off. All transfer operations shall be supervised by an attendant familiar with the transfer operation. The attendant may be considered familiar with the transfer operation after he has been provided with a set of instructions and has performed the transfer operation at least through 3 full cycles under supervision. Where LNG motor fuel tanks or cylinders are being filled, the attendant shall remain at the controls necessary to stop the transfer operation.
(q) Fill connections for motor fuel tanks or cylinders shall have at least one back-flow check valve or device. Quick disconnect couplings may be used provided they are designed for the most severe pressure and temperature conditions with a factor of safety of at least 5 and provided they are leak-tight in the connected and disconnected shutoff conditions. These couplings shall not be used in lieu of any required manually operated shutoff valves.
(r) When motor vehicles are to be parked within buildings, adequate provisions shall be made such as roof ventilation to prevent gases lighter than air from being trapped at ceiling level. No source of ignition, electrical or otherwise, shall be permitted at those levels. (Title 24, T8-544(r))
[FNa1] For Appendix A, refer to end of Subchapter 1.









s 560. Safe Practices.
(a) No person shall do any of the following:
(1) Remove, displace, damage, destroy, or carry off any safety device, safeguard, notice, or warning for use in any employment or place of employment, or interfere in any way with their use by any other person (this is not intended to prohibit the removal for repair or maintenance of any safety device provided such device or a suitable replacement is reinstalled before the unit is replaced in service).

(2) Interfere with the use of any method or process adopted for the protection of any employee, including himself, in such employment or places of employment.
(3) Fail or neglect to do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life and safety of employees.
(b) The following Safety Orders from California Administrative Code, Title 8, are hereby made a part of these orders.
(1) General Industry Safety Order 3301: Use of Compressed Air or Gases. See Appendix B.
(2) General Industry Safety Order 3304: Miscellaneous Use of Compressed Cylinder Gas. See Appendix B.
(3) General Industry Safety Order 3312: Entering Combustion Chambers, Flues, Boilers or Unfired Steam Pressure Vessels. See Appendix B.
(4) General Industry Safety Order 3518: Air Compressors. See Appendix B.
(c) Compressed gases shall not be used to elevate or otherwise transfer any substance from or to a container unless the container(s) is/are designed to withstand the maximum possible pressure that may be applied with a factor of safety of at least 4.
Compressed gases shall not be used for pressure testing of any object until a safe pressure and procedure have been established.
Except where pressure tested in accordance with (d), elastic materials must not be gas tested at pressures above 67% of the minimum specified yield point at test temperature. Brittle materials must not be gas tested above 40% of the minimum specified ultimate strength without remote operation and missile shielding. "Brittle Material" is defined for this section as having a minimum specified elongation of 4% or less.
(d) Hydrostatic or Pneumatic Testing (subchapters 1 and 2) of Pressure Vessels, and included piping over 2 " diameter.
(1) The rules of applicable Codes or Standards shall be used for hydrostatic, pneumatic or combination hydrostatic-pneumatic testing. Proof tests and tests to failure must also use procedures allowed by applicable codes or standards. If no applicable code or standard exists, the test procedure must be reviewed and accepted by the Division.
(2) All valves, fittings and flanges used for pressure testing equipment, for either new construction or repair, shall have a minimum pressure rating equal to the test pressure. Use of an applicable ANSI standard pressure-temperature table such as in ANSI B16.5, is acceptable to determine the pressure rating.
(3) Except as allowed in (4), all temporary closures shall be threaded, flanged with full bolting, or attached with full penetration welds; welded temporary closures must be so placed to preclude distortion or damage to the vessel or piping being tested.
Threaded connections shall conform to the following table:
MINIMUM NUMBER OF THREADS PER CONNECTION



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assemble a printout of the table. The information for each piece includes: (1)
a three line message preceding the tabular data showing by line # and
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position of the piece within the entire table; and (2) a numeric scale
following the tabular data displaying the character positions.]
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(a) Pressures up to and including 300 psi
Size of pipe connection, in................ 1 & 1 1/4 1 1/2 & 2 2 1/2 to 4
Threads engaged ........................... 4 5 7
Min. plate thickness required, in.......... 0.348 0.435 0.875
(b) Pressures above 300 psi
Size of pipe connection, in................ 1/2 & 3/4 1 to 1 1/2 2
Threads engaged ........................... 6 7 8
Min. plate thickness required, in.......... 0.43 0.61 0.70
1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+...


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4 1/2 to 6 7 & 8 9 & 10 12
8 10 12 13
1.0 1.25 1.5 1.625
2 1/2 to 3 4 to 6 10 12
8 10 13 14
1.0 1.25 1.62 1.75
79....+...90....+....0....+...10..


(4) The use of expansion plugs or serrated plugs without through stays is limited to 6 " nominal pipe size and/or 150 psi; for use of such devices above these limits specific written test procedures must be developed by the employer to protect against injury in the event the plug blows out.
Such instructions may include applicable data and recommendations furnished by the plug manufacturer and must include the following as a minimum:
(A) Identification by function of the personnel responsible for the various procedures.
(B) The test plugs must be well maintained and inspected by the designated employee before use.
(C) Any opening to be plugged shall satisfy any limitation on straightness, roundness and diameter and shall be cleaned of dirt, mill scale or oil.
(D) The plug must be of the correct size and pressure rating, including any limitations on the test fluid or test temperature. It must be inserted for full length of engagement, in accordance with the plug manufacturer's instructions.
(E) The test piece must be so oriented to minimize probability of the plug striking personnel or equipment if the plug is ejected. All air must be vented from objects to be hydrostatically tested. Test plugs shall be barricaded or equipped with arresting devices when pneumatic pressure is used for testing.
(F) Provision shall be provided for safe egress. No one shall be allowed to stand in front of the test plug or in line of probable trajectory during test.
(G) No one shall be allowed to stand on top of the object being tested, or on a ladder to the test section until the test object is brought up to full test pressure, held at test pressure for at least ten minutes, and pressure is reduced to a predetermined safe level.
(H) Pressurization shall be stopped at intervals to check pressure gage (s) and position of test plug (s).
(I) The test pressure shall be reduced to zero before the plugs are loosened for removal.
(J) Damaged or expanded closure ends must be cut off.
(K) All repairs to test plugs shall follow the plug manufacturer's instructions.
(5) Pipe test machines are acceptable for use after they have been reviewed by the Division for safe operational procedures.

(6) Pressure during test must be controlled within 5% above the required test procedure. Protection against overpressure must be provided at 110% of the test pressure. A relief valve setting of 133% of the test pressure may be used, for elastic materials only, where calculations show that 133% of the test pressure will not exceed 90% of the specified minimum yield strength of the material. The discharge from the safety relief valve or rupture disc must be led full size to a safe place.
The requirement for a relief valve may be waived by a Qualified Pressure Vessel Safety Engineer or Certified Pressure Vessel Inspector if the only source of test pressure is a handpump.
(e) Railroad tank cars containing compressed gas may not be used for interrupted unloading into smaller containers, unless permitted by the Federal Department of Transportation. Provisions for such unloading shall conform to DOT regulations
See Petroleum Safety Orders, Sections 6879, 6880 and 6881 for requirements covering transfer operations at sidings inside petroleum refineries and distribution plants.

(1) An adequate unloading facility must be provided, and provisions must be made to support the transfer hoses. The transfer attendant must not be required to haul the transfer hoses up or down the tank car ladder.
(2) A bulkhead must be provided to prevent pullaway of the transfer hoses and/or to prevent imposing piping loads on the tank car valves. The bulkhead must be designed to withstand a horizontal pull of at least 2,000 pounds in any direction unless other adequate protection is provided. The unloading connections shall be firmly secured to the bulkhead. Excess flow valves, check valves or equivalent devices shall be provided where pipe or hose size is reduced.
The Qualified Transfer Attendant shall be instructed in all phases of the transfer operation. The instructions shall include a prohibition against overfilling any tank. Note: All valves in the transfer system must be fully open in order for an excess flow valve to function, so internal valves or check valves should be used whenever possible. The tank car excess flow valves are located in the internal piping beneath the dome.
Note: Bonding and grounding of the tankcar and transfer equipment may be required for compressed flammable gases by railroad leasing agreement or by the local fire official.
(3) Written notification shall be given the Division and the local fire official of each non-permanently equipped transfer site. In emergencies, verbal notice may be given followed by written confirmation. Each such site shall be located, with respect to the minimum distance tables as outlined in Section 501(c) for NH sub3 or Sections 475(a) and (b) for Flammable Compressed Gas. Sites for transfer of other compressed gases must be at least 50 feet from railroad main track or important buildings. The working areas must be kept clear of debris and all transfer equipment must be protected from physical damage. Transfer shall be done only during daylight hours unless the transfer area is equipped with a lighting system and which provides at least 5 foot candles of illumination at all points of operations.
(4) Vehicle and tank car wheels must be blocked during transfer. Tank car brakes must be set. Tank cars must not be left connected to hoses and/or pipelines except during the unloading operation and while the qualified transfer attendant is present and in charge, unless the tank car valves are closed and locked, hoses are depressurized and/or a hydrostatic relief valve is installed between shutoff valves.

Valves on vehicles must be closed and locked except during transfer. Where vehicular container valves cannot be locked closed, the filling hose(s) must be disconnected when the qualified attendant is not present.
(5) Transport tank trucks and towed vehicles may load into the tank cars if they are also equipped with pullaway protection, in addition to meeting the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (4). A brake interlock system that is acceptable to the Division, and is connected to the truck tank unloading hose connection, is considered as an adequate pullaway safeguard.
Personal protective devices and safety equipment which are required and used for stationary storage facilities must be provided. Fire extinguishers must be provided for flammable compressed gases and anhydrous ammonia as required by the applicable safety order.









Appendix A.
Minimum Capacity Requirement Of Relief Valves for Fire Exposure For Liquefied
Natural Gas Tanks and Vaporizers

A1. The minimum total heat influx during a possible fire exposure of an insulated container shall be computed by the applicable formula:
Note: Equation (1) shall be used for vaporizers with external insulation and Equation (2) for uninsulated vaporizers. The value of A is obtained by adding the area of the shell in contact with LN-Gas and the area of heat exchange surface in contact with LN-Gas.
(1) H = 1560C sub1 A 0.82 + Hn
where:
H = Total heat influx, Btu per hour.
C sub1 = Conductance of the insulation, Btu/sq. ft.-hr.-deg. F. (The value of C increases with temperature and a mean value for the range from -260 F to 1660 F should be used.)
A = Total exposed wetted surface area in sq. ft.
Hn = Total normal heat gain to the stored liquid without fire exposures and at maximum ambient temperatures, Btu per hour.
A2. If the insulation system, including any jacketing material, is such that it will disappear, deteriorate or dislodge in an exposure fire, a higher heat gain will occur. This requires special consideration depending upon the extent of loss of the insulating properties. If only a part of the insulation is lost, the heat gain may be estimated by the formula:
(2) H = (34,500 - 360C sub2)A 0.82 + Hn
In this case, the value of C sub2 should be the mean value for the range from -260 degrees F to 100 degrees F.
A3. The required relief valve capacity shall be computed by the formula
(3) Qa = 3.09(H/L) / (T/M)
where:
Qa = Required flow capacity of air, cu. ft. per hour at 60 F and 14.7 psia.
H = Total heat influx, Btu per hour from the formula (1) or (2).
L = Latent heat of vaporization of the stored liquid, Btu per lb. (219 may be used for LN-Gas).
T = Absolute temperature of the gas at the relief valve inlet, deg. R.
M = Molecular weight of the gas (16.0 may be used for LNG).









Appendix B.
3301. [FN1] Use of Compressed Air or Gases.
(a) Compressed air and other compressed gases in excess of 10 pounds per square inch gauge shall not be used to blow dirt, chips, or dust from clothing while it is being worn.
(b) Compressed air or gases shall not be used to empty containers of liquids where the pressure can exceed the safe working pressure of the container.

(c) The use of compressed air shall be so controlled, and proper personal protective equipment or safeguards utilized, as to protect against the possibility of eye or body injury to the operator or other workers.
(d) Abrasive blast cleaning nozzles shall be equipped with an operating valve which must be held open manually. A support shall be provided on which the nozzle may be mounted when it is not in use.
(e) Compressed gases shall not be used to elevate or otherwise transfer any hazardous substance from one container to another unless the containers are designed to withstand, with a factor of safety of at least four, the maximum possible pressure that may be applied.
Note: For further guidance in the utilization of compressed gases in cylinders see Group 10; for portable tanks, rail tank cars, or motor vehicle cargo tanks, see Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet P-1-1965.
[FN1] Reprint General Industry Safety Order, Section 3301, Use of Compressed Air or Gases, from the California Administrative Code, Title 8, Subchapter 7 (Register 75, No. 29).
3304. [FN2] Miscellaneous Use of Compressed Cylinder Gas.
(a) Employers shall not permit the use of compressed cylinder gas for testing pressure vessels unless there is installed in the compressed gas supply line or on the vessel being tested a pressure relief device set to function at a pressure not to exceed the safe working pressure of the vessel.
(b) Compressed gas shall never be used from a cylinder or cylinder manifold where pressures dangerous to employees may develop unless an accepted pressure regulating device is installed on the cylinder valve or manifold. The term "accepted" here means that the pressure regulating device is listed by Underwriters' Laboratories or some other recognized authority of equivalent standing.
Note: Cylinder as used in this order means an Interstate Commerce Commission compressed gas cylinder.
[FN2] Reprint General Industry Safety Order, Section 3304, Miscellaneous Use of Compressed Cylinder Gas, from the California Administrative Code, Title 8, Subchapter 7 (Register 72, No. 23).
3312. [FN3] Entering Combustion Chambers, Flues, Boilers or Unfired Steam Pressure Vessels.
(a) Before employees are allowed to enter, through a manhole, the shell or drum of a steam boiler or an unfired steam pressure vessel for maintenance or repair, where such a boiler or pressure vessel is one of a battery of two or more boilers or vessels or is connected to another source of steam, the valves connecting to the steam header or other source of steam shall be closed and effectively blinded or two valves shall be installed with a bleeder between them and the valves shall be closed and bleeder open. Blow down valves and other valves on lines through which harmful material might accidentally flow back to the boiler or vessel shall be either sealed or closed and locked and the key retained by the employee or his supervisor while the employee is in the boiler or vessel. When lines are effectively blinded the valves need not be locked or sealed.
(b) Employees shall not enter or be required to enter the fire boxes, flues or combustion chambers of fired apparatus until:
(1) The pilot light, fuel and steam lines to burners entering the fire box or combustion chamber have been blinded, disconnected or effectively closed by the use of two block valves with an open bleeder between them.
(2) All probability of ignition of any solid combustibles in the fire box or combustion chamber has been removed.
[FN3] Reprint of General Industry Safety Order, Section 3312, Entering Combustion Chambers, Flues, Boilers or Unfired Steam Pressure Vessels, from the California Administrative Code, Title 8, Subchapter 7 (Register 72, No. 23).
3518. [FN4] Air Compressors.
(a) Air compressor discharge lines having a block valve between the air receiver and compressor shall have a pressure relieving safety device installed in the line between the compressor and block valve. The pressure relieving safety device shall be set to open at a pressure not to exceed the rated working pressure of the cylinder. The relieving capacity of the pressure relieving safety device shall be such as to prevent a rise of pressure in the compressor cylinder of more than 10 percent above its maximum allowable working pressure, and the discharge shall be to a safe place.

The installation of this pressure relieving safety device is not to be considered as providing the required safety relief valve for the protection of the air receiver.
(b) Air compressor intake lines shall not be located in atmospheres containing explosive concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
[FN4] Reprint of General Industry Safety Order, Section 3518, Air Compressors, from the California Administrative Code, Title 8, Subchapter 7 (Register 72, No. 23).




Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.








Appendix C
Acceptance Tests for Plastic Piping

The following are tests that shall be passed for acceptance of plastic piping for the conveyance of compressed air:
1. Test for impact resistance at 0 <> C: (32 <> F)
Objective: To determine if the material will withstand the energy of impact without fracturing through the complete wall thickness.
Form of test specimen: Each specimen shall be a section of pipe, of a length equal to twice the nominal size or 150 mm (6" ), whichever is greater, subject to a maximum length of 300 mm (12" ). The ends of the specimen shall be cut clean and equal to the axis of the pipe.
For "round-the-clock" testing, each specimen shall be marked with the number of longitudinal lines shown in Table 1.
Note: For pipe sizes 50 mm (2 " ) and over, specimens are subjected to impact equally spaced around the pipe; this procedure is known as "round-the-clock" testing.
Apparatus: A falling weight machine (an example of which is shown in Figure 1) shall be used and shall consist essentially of the following:
a. A main frame which can be rigidly fixed in a true vertical position.
b. Guide rails, carried from the inside of the main frame, on side bearings which can be adjusted to keep them parallel and vertical.

c. A weighted striker that can fall freely within the guide rails and that is equipped with a hardened hemispherical striking surface 25 mm (1" ) in diameter. The striking surface shall be free from flats and/or other imperfections.
d. An appropriate set of weights which can be firmly attached to the striker to enable the combined weight to be adjusted to the values shown in Table 2.
Procedure: Adjust the total energy of the striker to the value appropriate to the pipe diameter being tested as shown in Table 2.
Condition each specimen in a water or ethylene glycol bath for at least one hour prior to the test at a temperature of 0 <> C (32 <> F) + 1 <>. Test individual specimens within 10 seconds of removal from the bath. allow the striker to fall freely onto the pipe specimen, which is centrally mounted on the vee block support.
Specimens from 10 mm (3/8" ) to 38 mm (1-1/2" ) (inclusive) nominal size shall be subjected to a single strike only.

For pipe size 50 mm (2" ) and above. Place the pipe on the vee block, so that one of the marked lines is uppermost. Then allow the weight striker to fall freely on the marked line on the pipe as described above. If the specimen does not fail as a result of cracking or splitting through the pipe wall, rotate the specimen until the next marked line is uppermost in the vee block, and cause a second blow to be made by the striker. Repeat the process until all the marked lines have been tested, or until a failure is recorded.
If the required sequence of impacts has not been completed within 10 seconds, interrupt the procedure and immediately recondition the specimen at a temperature of 0 <> C (32 <> F) + 1 <> for at least 10 minutes.
Fracturing or cracking through the complete wall thickness of the test specimen shall be a failure.
The following tests (Nos. 2 & 3) are intended to simulate a potential destructive impact. Splitting through the pipe wall or puncture is acceptable for passing results, if:
(a) No separation of one part of piping length from its mating part occurs.

(b) No separation of any material fragment from the body of the piping occurs.
2. Test for impact resistance at design pressure at 0 <> C (32 << degrees>> F) with blunt striker. Testing procedures and apparatus shall be the same as Test No. 1, except:
(a) Pressurize and maintain pipe sample at design pressure and cool to 0 << degrees>> C (32 <> F) as in Test No. 1.
(b) Energy of the striker to be twice the total energy of Table 2.
(c) Only one drop required.
3. Test for impact resistance at design pressure at 0 <> C (32 << degrees>> F) with sharp striker. Same as Test No. 2 in all cases, except with a chisel edged sharp striker (Figure 2).
4. The plastic piping systems shall be capable of sustaining without failure at least 600 psi when tested to the Standard Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings, using ASTM Designation No. D1599-86 (1986) which is herein incorporated by reference. This test shall be performed on each batch of pipe and fittings.
5. The plastic piping system shall be capable of sustaining without failure at least 460 psi when tested to the Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure using ASTM Designation No. D1598- 86 (1986), which is herein incorporated by reference, for at least 1,000 hours. This test shall be performed anytime there is a change in:
(a) material composition, compound or processing technique;
(b) design or size of joint or fitting;
(c) but, in any case not less than every 12 months.
Table 1.

Number of Lines For "Round-the-Clock" Testing


Number of Equidistant

Normal Size mm (inches) .. Lines to be Drawn
50 ......................... mm (2 3
63 ......................... mm (2-1/2 4
75 ......................... mm (3 4
100 ........................ mm (4 6


Table 2.

Energy of Striker


Total Energy
Normal Size of Pipe .. of Striker
mm (inches ..... ft. lbs.
10 ........................ mm (3/8 22
12 ........................ mm (1/2 33
19 ........................ mm (3/4 43
25 ........................ mm (1 54
38 ........................ mm (1-1/2 65
50 ........................ mm (2 76

63 ........................ mm (2-1/2 98
75 ........................ mm (3 98
100 ....................... mm (4 110


(c) Whenever an owner or user of any apparatus or equipment fails to pay the fees required under this section within 60 days after notification, said owner or user shall pay, in addition to the fees required under this section, a penalty fee equal to 100 percent of such fee. For the purpose of this section, the date of the invoice shall be considered the date of notification.











Appendix D










Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

















<<(Subchapter Originally Printed 4-20-45 As Boiler Safety Orders Repealer and
New Subchapter 2 Filed 8-18-55)>>










s 750. Application of Boiler and Fired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders.
(a) These orders establish minimum standards for:
(1) The design, construction, installation, inspection, operation, and repair of all power boilers and nuclear boilers in California not specifically exempted from these Orders.
(2) The design, construction, installation, operation, and repair of all low-pressure boilers and high-temperature water boilers in California not specifically exempted from these Orders.
(3) The design and construction of fired pressure vessels in California not specifically exempted from these orders.
(b) After the date on which these orders become effective, all installations and equipment shall conform to these orders.
Exception: Existing installations and equipment which were in compliance with safety orders, or variances therefrom, in effect prior to the effective date of these safety orders, unless the hazard presented by the installation or equipment is, in the judgment of the Chief of the Division, of such severity as to warrant control by the application of the applicable sections of these orders.
Note: Unless otherwise designated in this subchapter, the phrase "Division" refers to the current Division of Occupational Safety and Health or any of its predecessors including the former Division of Industrial Safety or the Division of Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Reference to the former Division of Industrial Safety or Division of Occupational Safety and Health Administration in these orders is meant to refer to their successor, the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, or any subsequent successor agency.




Note: Authority cited: Section 6307, Labor Code. Additional authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3 and 6302(d), Labor Code.








s 751. Boilers and Fired Pressure Vessels Not Subject to These Orders.
These orders are not applicable to the following:
(a) Boilers and fired pressure vessels under the jurisdiction or inspection of the United States Government.
(b) Boilers and fired pressure vessels used in household service.
(c) Automobile boilers and boilers used exclusively to operate highway vehicles.









s 752. Variances.
(a) Any employer may apply to the Division for a temporary order granting a variance from an occupational safety and healthstandard. Such temporary order shall be granted only if the employer files an application which meets the requirements of Sections 6450 through 6457, inclusive, of the California Labor Code. (continued)