CCLME.ORG - DIVISION 1. DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CHAPTERS 1 through 6

(continued)
3 medium......................... Head hooker
3 medium -4 short................ Second hooker and his crew
5 long........................... Climber
4 long........................... Foreman
1 long -1 short.................. Start or stop work
7 long -2 short.................. Man injured, call transportation and
stretcher
1 long -1 short repeated......... Fire

SKIDDER WHISTLE SIGNALS

1 short......................... Stops moving carriage. Stops or goes ahead on
slack puller as case may be, if carriage is
stopped
2 short......................... Go ahead on skidding line holding carriage
1 short -2 short................ Pick up skidding line, easy
2 short -1 short................ Shake up carriage to clear choker
2 short -2 short................ Ahead on receding line
3 short......................... Ahead on carriage, holding at present level,
using interlock
2 short -3 short -3 short....... Ahead easy on skidding line
2 short -2 short -2 short....... Slack skyline, cable down
2 short -2 short -2 short -1 Pick up skyline, cable up
short.........................
2 short -2 short -4 short....... Slack receding line
2 short -4 short................ Slack skidding line
2 short -2 short -1 short....... Tighten all lines
1 short -4 short................ Slack off slack puller
1 short -2 short................ Pick up slack puller when slack
2 short -2 short -1 short....... When carriage is in: to be
used for number of chokers wanted
2 short -2 short -1 long........ To be used for bull choker
1 short......................... When carriage is in: inspect butt rigging
2 short -4 short -1 short....... For each additional 10 feet of long line
1 long -1 short................. Number of coils of strawline wanted
5 medium........................ Tail or second rigger
5 medium -4 short............... Tail or second rigger and his crew
2 medium........................ Skidder head rigger
3 medium -4 short............... Hooker and his crew
2 long.......................... Ahead on transfer
2 long -4 short................. Slack transfer
1 short -3 short................ Ahead on carriage with slack puller line
1 long.......................... Ahead on strawline
1 long -4 short................. Slack strawline
1 long -3 short................. Ahead easy on strawline
5 long.......................... Climber
4 long.......................... Foreman
1 long -1 short................. Start or stop work
7 long -2 short................. Man injured, call transportation and
stretcher
1 long -1 short repeated........ Fire

RUNNING SKYLINE WHISTLE SIGNALS

1 short............................. STOP or DROP dropline
2 short............................. Go ahead on dropline
1 short -2 short.................... Go ahead on dropline EASY
2 short -2 short.................... Ahead on haulback
3 short-3 short..................... Ahead on mainline
3 short............................. Ahead on mainline EASY
2 short -2 short -2 short........... Slack carriage
2 short -2 short -1 short........... Tight line
1 long.............................. Ahead on strawline
1 long -4 short..................... Slack strawline
1 long -3 short..................... Ahead EASY on strawline
3 short............................. When carriage in: strawline back on
haulback
1 long -1 short..................... START or STOP WORK
4 long.............................. FOREMAN
2 short -2 short -plus "X" When carriage is in, number of
shorts............................
chokers WANTED
1 long -1 short -plus "X" shorts.... Number of strawline sections
WANTED

Appendix A
Recommended Hand Signals

The following signals are recommended for use during tractor logging operations:

Appendix A
Safe Practices For Helicopters

Do not approach or leave a helicopter while its engines are running unless the pilot or designee signals that it is safe to do so. Approach and leave the helicopter on a level with the craft or on a lower level, never from or to ground higher than that of the helicopter. Carry all materials to or from the helicopter in a horizontal position, not above waist level.
Do not place explosives, flammables, corrosives, or other dangerous materials on board any aircraft without the pilot's knowledge. Do not smoke within 50 feet of the helicopter, fuel storage, or fueling operation. Turn off the radio transmitter when in the vicinity of explosives or an explosive-loading operation.
Notify the person in charge of the project when you erect a suspended line, tower, or other navigational hazard. Know the escape procedure at each operation site. Always watch the helicopter, sling load, hook, or bottom end of the cable to avoid being hit. Listen to and be familiar with the normal sounds emitted by the helicopter in flight so that you will have the earliest notice of trouble and can avoid dangerous exposure.
Passengers transported by helicopter shall obey the following:
(1) Board and depart only on instructions from the pilot.
(2) Use seat belts during take-off, flight, and landing.
(3) Remain seated during the time aboard.
(4) Do not smoke unless permitted by the pilot.
(5) Do not talk unnecessarily to the pilot.
(6) Watch for other airborne aircraft and navigational hazards, and call them to the attention of the pilot.

Appendix A
Helicopter Hand Signals

Appendix A
Safeguarding Requirements Edger Anti-kickback Device

Suggested Anti-Kickback Device Applied to Gang Edgers with Saw Arbors Mounted
Below Feed Rolls.

A: Fingers shall extend across full length of rolls.
B: Fingers shall clear the bottom feed roll by 1/2-inch.
C: Fingers shall be spaced 3/8-inch maximum.
D: Finger shaft 1 13/16-inch diameter minimum (heavy duty, high powered edgers 1 15/16-inch diameter).
E: Fingers shall be installed so that they set at not more than 40 degrees to vertical on the maximum size stack the edger will cut.
F: Finger lift controls shall be mounted to the side of the edger and require constant pressure to hold the fingers up.

Appendix A
Rigging Spar Tree

Three Types Of Leads In Highlead Logging (Plan View)

SQUARE-LEAD. -Occurs when yarding or right angles to the yarder and spar. The resultant force on the spar must be sustained by the opposing guys.
STRAIGHT-LEAD. -Occurs when yarding is in line with the yarder and spar. This condition subjects the guys to the least strain.

Appendix B
Engineering Data

Strength and Weights of Wire Ropes

Breaking Strength
Rope Diameter Plow Steel in Tons Weight Per Foot
in Inches 6x 19 6 x17 6 x 21 in Pounds
1/4.............. 2.39 .10
5/16............. 3.71 .16
3/8.............. 5.31 .23
7/16............. 7.19 .31
1/2.............. 9.35 .40
9/16............. 11.8 .51
5/8.............. 14.5 .63
3/4.............. 20.7 .90
7/8.............. 28.0 1.2
1................ 36.4 1.60
1 1/8............ 45.7 2.03
1 1/4............ 56.2 2.50
1 3/8............ 67.5 3.03
1 1/2............ 80.0 3.60
1 5/8............ 93.4 4.23
1 3/4............ 108.0 4.90
1 7/8............ 123.0 5.63
2................ 39.0 6.40
2 1/8............ 156.0 7.23
2 1/4............ 174.0 8.10
2 1/2............ 212.0 10.00
2 3/4............ 254.0 12.10
3................ 300.0 15.00

When ropes are galvanized deduct 10 percent from the above listed strengths. When wire strand centers and independent wire rope centers are used add 7 1/2 percent to strengths.
Common Causes of Wire Rope Failure

1. Ropes of incorrect size, construction, or grade
2. Ropes allowed to drag over obstacles
3. Ropes not properly lubricated
4. Ropes operating over sheaves and drums of inadequate size
5. Ropes overwinding or crosswinding on drums
6. Ropes operating over sheaves and drums out of alignment
7. Ropes operating over sheaves and drums with improperly fitting groves or broken flanges.
8. Ropes permitted to jump sheaves
9. Ropes subjected to moisture of acid fumes and salt air
10. Ropes with improperly attached fittings
11. Ropes permitted to untwist
12. Ropes subjected to excessive heat
13. Ropes kinked
14. Ropes subjected to severe overloads due to inefficient operation
15. Ropes destroyed by internal wear caused by grit penetrating between strands and wires.
Rules for Discarding Wire Ropes

1. Safety factors must never fall below 4.5
2. Ropes of standard construction shall be discarded where there are 6 broken wires in 1 rope lay
3. When wires on crown are worn to 65 percent of their original diameter
4. When there are more than 8 broken wires reduced by wear more than 80 percent in cross-section
5. When marked corrosion appears When a new rope is installed, there is a short period (while the rope is taking its set and equalizing tension) during which breaks are relatively frequent. These breaks do not necessarily indicate that the rope is wearing out or that it is overstressed. After the period of their occurrence, the rope will run for sometime without more wires breaking. Toward the end of the life of the rope, however, it may happen that the number of breaks begins to increase rapidly. This condition is a sign that the rope is going to pieces and it should be taken off immediately. It is recommended, therefore, that not only should rope inspections be frequent, but that the number of broken wires be recorded so that the increase in breaking rate may be ascertained.
STRENGTH EFFICIENCY UNDER STATIC LOAD

Sheave Diameter Efficiency of Rope
10 times rope diameter.... 79% of strength of straight rope
12 times rope diameter.... 81% of strength of straight rope
14 times rope diameter.... 86% of strength of straight rope
16 times rope diameter.... 88% of strength of straight rope
18 times rope diameter.... 90% of strength of straight rope
20 times rope diameter.... 91% of strength of straight rope
24 times rope diameter.... 93% of strength of straight rope
30 times rope diameter.... 95% of strength of straight rope

EXAMPLE: Given a 1-inch rope (breaking strength 36.4 tons) reeved through a 10- inch pulley. The strength of the rope is (36.4) (.79) = 28.75 tons. (Based on U.S. Bureau of Standards tests.)
APPLICATION OF CLIPS

Diameter of Rope.... Number of Clips Space Between Clips
1 1/2 inch.......... 8 10 inches
1 3/8 inch.......... 7 9 inches
1 1/4 inch.......... 6 8 inches
1 1/8 inch.......... 5 7 inches
1 inch.............. 5 6 inches
7/8 inch............ 5 5 1/2 inches
3/4 inch............ 5 4 1/2 inches
3/8-5/8 inch........ 4 3 inches

Proper number ad spacing to develop 80 percent of rope strength.
EFFECTIVENESS OF GUYS ACCORDING TO ANGLE

Guys making angle with the horizontal greater than 60 will be considered less than 50% effective.

Degree Effectiveness
60 5 to 45 5.... 50% to 75%
45 5 to 30 5.... 75% to 85%
30 5 to 10 5.... 85% to 95%

EFFECTIVENESS OF GUYS ACCORDING TO NUMBER AND SPACING

No. Guys
Equally Guys Most Effective Guys Will Support Strain
Spaced When Pull Is Equal to Following
3 Opposite 1 guy 100% of strength of one guy
4 Halfway between 2 guys 140% of strength of one guy
5 Opposite 1 guy or halfway
between 2 guys 160% of strength of one guy
6 Opposite 1 guy or halfway
between 2 guys 200% of strength of one guy
7 Opposite 1 guy or halfway
between 2 guys 225% of strength of one guy
8 Halfway between 2 guys 260% of strength of one guy
9 Opposite 1 guy or halfway
between 2 guys 290% of strength of one guy
10 Opposite 1 guy or halfway
between 2 guys 325% of strength of one guy

LENGTH OF GUYS REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS ANGLES OF EFFICIENCY

The following table will furnish the answers to the following problems which usually arise when making up guy lines.
(1) What length of line is needed to reach from a certain height to the ground with the required angle of efficiency?
(2) If the guylines are already cut and the required angle of efficiency is known, how high above the ground can the guys be rigged?
(3) If you know how high the guys are to be rigged above the ground, the length of guys and the angle of efficiency needed, how far away from the base of the spar or mast should stumps be selected or "deadmen" be placed to hold the guys?

No. of Guys Most Effective Guys Will Support Lead
Guys When Pull Is Equal to:
8 Halfway between 2 guys 260% of strength of 1 guy
9 Either halfway between 2, 290% of strength of 1 guy
or opposite 1 guy

EXAMPLE: In lifting a 10-ton log between spreader bar rigger spar poles the horizontal force at the top of the pole is found to be 25 tons. Using a factor of safety of 5 the design strength of 1 1/2-inch guys is
80.0 = 16 tons. If the spar pole guys are rigged at 80 angle with the ground,
----
5 they are 85% effective (see table). How many guys should be used?

25 = 1.84 or 184%
------------
(16) (.85)

The number of guys needed to support 184% of strength of 1 guy in between 5 and 6 (see table). Therefore, 6 guys should be used with 1 1/2-inch cable. Other cable sizes will give a variety of numbers of guys for more practicable application.
INDIRECT METHOD OF DETERMINING THE LOAD ON A WIRE ROPE.

Since 1 horsepower is the rate at which 550 foot-pounds of work are done per second, the horsepower exerted by an engine on a rope may be expressed:
HP = feet x pounds
--------------
seconds x 550

By rearrangement:
Pull on rope in pounds = horsepower x seconds x 550
--------------------------
feet

Thus if you know the horsepower of a given engine and measure the number of seconds it takes a point on the rope to go a given distance the pull on the rope may be found.
EXAMPLE: A 100-HP gasoline donkey engine requires 10 seconds to reel in 30 feet of cable when working at nearly wide-open throttle. What is the pull on the cable?
Since 100 HP is the ideal SAE rating of a stripped engine it is not a true indication of the power delivered at the cable. A good assumption is 1/3 of rated horsepower.
Pull on rope in pounds = 33 x 10 x 550
________________ = 6,050 pounds
30

Providing a safety factor of 5 the required rope strength should be 30,250 pounds or 15.2 tons. From the table on page 112, in Appendix B, a 5/8-inch cable is nearest to this strength.

<<(Subchapter Originally Printed 4-20-45 Repealer and new Subchapter 14 filed
5-14-52)>>

s 6500. Purpose.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6501. Title.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6502. Application.
(a) These orders establish minimum safety standards and shall apply to the equipment and operations used in or appurtenant to the drilling for and production of petroleum and natural gas; servicing of oil and gas wells; storage and handling of petroleum, natural gas and their products; and shall include the construction, location, transportation, installation, testing, demolition, maintenance and operation of such equipment in "Employment" or a "Place of Employment" or by an "Employer" or an "Employee" as these terms are defined in Division 5, Part 1 of the Labor Code.
(b) These orders shall take precedence over other safety orders when applied to drilling for and production of crude oil and natural gas.
(c) Where petroleum drilling or oil well servicing equipment is being used for drilling or servicing wells other than petroleum wells, the applicable sections of these orders shall apply to such operations.
Exception: Existing installations which are in compliance with safety orders, or variances therefrom, in effect prior to the effective date of these safety orders, unless the hazard presented by the installations or equipment is in the judgment of the Chief of the Division of such severity as to warrant control by the application of the applicable sections of these orders.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6503. Scope.
(a) The operations to which these orders apply are those generally known as drilling and production. This includes:
(1) Well servicing; rig building; erection and dismantling of derricks and equipment; and raising and lowering of masts.
(2) Pipe line transportation on a lease(s): loading and unloading; storage, blending, and separation of crude oil from water and natural gas.

(3) Research, testing and experimenting.
(4) Construction, operation and maintenance of equipment applicable to the foregoing.
(b) Production of crude oil and/or natural gas shall be considered to end at the point where they leave the last producing facility, change custody, or where gas enters a natural gasoline plant.
(c) Pipe lines delivering gas for use in serving the producing facilities of a lease are included when located on such lease.
Diagrams Indicate the Extent to Which the Petroleum Safety Orders -Drilling and
Production and the Petroleum Safety Orders - Refining, Transportation and
Handling Apply, In Explanation of Article 1, Section 6503(a) and (b)

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6504. Variances.
(a) Any employer may apply to the Division for a temporary order granting a variance from an occupational safety and health standard. Such temporary order shall be granted only if the employer files an application which meets the requirements of Section 6450 through 6457, inclusive, of the California Labor Code.
(b) Any employer may apply to the Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board for a permanent variance from an occupational safety and health standard order, special order, or portion thereof upon a showing of an alternate program, method, practice, means, device or process which will provide equal or superior safety for employees. Such applications shall conform to the requirements of the California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Chapter 3.5, Section 411.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6505. Definitions.
The following definitions shall apply in the application of these Orders.
Alteration (Pressure Vessel). An alteration is any change to the item described on the manufacturer's data report which affects the pressure containing capacity or the pressure vessel. Nonphysical (re-rating) such as an increase in the maximum allowable working pressure (internal or external) or design temperature or the addition at loading not considered in the original design, shall be considered an alteration. A reduction in the (minimum) design metal temperature such that additional mechanical tests are required shall also be considered an alteration.
Anchor, Deadline. A means of holding the deadline to the derrick or substructure.
Approved. As defined in the General Industry Safety Orders. Section 3206.
A.N.S.I. American National Standards Institute.
A.P.I. American Petroleum Institute.
A.S.M.E. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
A.S.T.M. American Society for Testing Materials.
Authorized Person. A person assigned by an employer to perform or supervise the performance of a specific type duty or duties at the work site.
Auto Ignition Temperature. The minimum temperature to which a flammable or gas mixture in air must be heated in order to initiate self-sustained combustion.
Back-up Line. A length of wire rope used for holding the leverage arm or handle of a tong to prevent tong rotation.
Back-up Post. A post, column or stanchion to which a back-up line is secured.
Barrel. A liquid measure of 42 U. S. gallons (158.9 liters).
Bail. A cylindrical steel bar, similar to the handle or band of a bucket, only much larger, that supports the swivel and connects it to the hook. The links that attach the elevators to the hook may also be referred to as bails.
Bailer. A long cylindrical container, fitted with a valve at its lower end, used to remove water, sand, mud, or oil from a well.
Blind. A device such as metal plates inserted in flanged joints, blind flanges, and caps or plugs installed on the ends of pipe lines, used to prevent liquids, gases, or vapors from passing through a pipe line or nozzle. Valves are not blinds.
Blowout. An uncontrolled discharge of gas, liquid, or mixture of gases and liquids from a well to the atmosphere.
Blowout Preventer. A device attached to a casing head that allows the well to be sealed to confine the well fluid in the well bore.
Breaking Line. (Break-out Line, Make-up Line, Jerk Line, Snap Line). A wire rope or fiber rope or chain, one end of which is secured to a tong handle and the other end attached to or wound on a mechanical device to impart a pulling power on the tong leverage arm or handle.
Cathead. Unless referred to as "automatic" cathead, means a spool shaped metal mechanical device mounted on the end of a shaft on which a rope is wrapped. The rotating cathead imparts a pulling power to the rope that is wrapped on it.
Cathead, Automatic. A clutch operated metal mechanical device consisting of a wheel having a flanged or flat surfaced rim or a spool shaped drum mounted on a shaft to which the end of a wire or fiber rope or chain is attached. The rotating cathead imparts a pulling power to the line attached to it.
Catline. A rope, usually reeved on a crown block sheave in a derrick or mast, for the primary purpose of lifting and transferring materials from one place to another about the derrick or mast floor. A rotating cathead imparts the pulling power to the catline that is wrapped on it.
Catwalk (Derrick Walk or Mast Walk). A walkway extending from the derrick and/or mast to a point beyond the outer end of the drill pipe and casing storage rack at a well, the purpose of which is to facilitate the handling of such pipe between the rack and the derrick and/or mast.
Cellar. An excavation around the well head to provide space for equipment at the top of the well bore.
Circulating Hose (Bumper Hose). A hose for high pressure circulation between the high pressure side of the mud pump and the bottom of the standpipe.
Combustible Liquid. Any material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance with American Society For Testing and Materials. Designation D5-86, Standard Test Method For Penetration of Bituminous Materials, pages 1-5, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows:
Class II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 100 [FNo] F (37.8 [FNo] C) and below 140 [FNo] F (60 [FN0] C).
Class IIIA liquids include those having flash points at or above 140 [FNo] F (60 [FNo] C) and below 200 [FNo] F (93.4 [FNo] C).
Class IIIB liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 200 [FNo] F (93.4 [FNo] C).
Confined Space. As defined in General Industry Safety Orders, Section 5156.
Contractor's Standby. A half hitch in a wire line secured by a wire line clamp(s).
Corrosive. A substance that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.
Crown Block Assembly. An assembly of mechanical parts mounted on top of a derrick tower or mast, consisting of a framework to which a number of sheaves are fastened over which hoisting lines are reeved.
DBBS. Double block and bleeder system.
Dead Line. The line (which does not travel) from the crown block sheave to the anchor.
Dead Line Stabilizer. A device attached to the mast or derrick for restricting lateral movement of the dead line.
Derrick Crown Platform (Runaround, Water Table). A continuous platform that provides access to the crown block assembly and warning lights.
Derrick Ladder or Mast Ladder. Any fixed ladder providing access to any location in or on the derrick or mast.
Derrick. The tower component of a drilling or well servicing rig that supports the crown block assembly, traveling block and hoisting lines. Derricks and masts may be stationary structures normally requiring dismantling and disassembly when moved from location to location, or may be portable with the capability of being laid down and raised to and from ground level fully assembled.
Division. The Division of Occupational Safety and Health.
Drawworks. Any assembly of power transmission equipment and machine parts used in the rotary method of drilling or well servicing, for hoisting and lowering the drill pipe, casing, tubing and drilling tools used in a well.
Drilling. Includes redrilling and means digging a hole in earth formation with a power-driven drill bit for the purpose of exploring for or developing of oil or gas. Drilling includes those operations that are concerned with the completion of a well.
Drilling (Hoisting) Line. A wire line used in the main rig hoisting system.
Effective. Capable of performing with safety the particular function specified in the order.
Elevator. A metal mechanical device used in connection with and suspended from a traveling block or hoisting line, to hold pipe or sucker rods in suspension when being hoisted or lowered in a well.
Enclosed. As applied to mechanical guarding means that the moving parts are so guarded that physical contact by parts of the body is precluded as long as the guard remains in place. This does not prohibit the use of hinged, sliding, or otherwise removable doors or sections to permit inspection or lubrication.
Finger. A bar or structural steel shape which serves as a restraining support for pipe or other equipment racked in a derrick or mast.
Finger Board. A support for the finger. It may be a timber, metal bar, structural steel shape, or inside derrick platform secured in the derrick or mast.
Finger Brace. A bar or structural steel shape secured to the finger board or to the derrick or mast members to resist horizontal movement of the finger.
Flammable Liquid. A liquid having a flash point below 100 [FNo] F., (37.8 [FNo] C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 lb. per sq. in. (absolute) (176 kPa) at 100 [FNo] F (37.8 [FNo] C) and shall be known as Class I liquid. Class I Liquids shall be subdivided as follows:
Class IA shall include those having flash points below 73 [FNo] F., (22.8 [FNo] C.) and having a boiling point below 100 [FNo] F., (37.8 [FNo] C.).
Class IB shall include those having flash points below 73 [FNo] F., (22.8 [FNo] C.) and having a boiling point at or above 100 [FNo] F., (37.8 [FNo] C.).
Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 73 [FNo] F., (22.8 [FNo] C.) and below 100 [FNo] F., (37.8 [FNo] C.).
Flare. The stack, pit, or device, or location where waste or excess flammable gases and vapors are burned in the atmosphere.
Gas. A fluid, such as air, that has neither independent shape nor volume, but tends to expand indefinitely.
Gas Free or Free of Gas. Free from harmful or hazardous concentrations of vapors, fumes and gases.
Gin Pole Mast. A single or double leg type mast supported in working position by either guys or one or more auxiliary legs, normally used for supporting crown block and traveling block. This definition includes tripods.
Girt. A cross-brace between the legs of a mast or derrick.
Good Engineering Practice. The use of mathematics, scientific formulae, manufacturer's data and/or experience by a qualified person to determine the elements of safety, such as stress values, strength of materials, overturning moments and factors of safety, of equipment and component parts.
Guarded. Shielded, fenced, enclosed or otherwise protected to prevent injury to employees.
Hazardous Substance. One which is likely to cause injury by reason of being explosive, flammable, extremely flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritant, or otherwise harmful.
High Line. A specially rigged rope used to convey pipe, drilling tools or other equipment from a derrick or mast to the derrick, catwalk or other location outside the derrick or mast.
Inside Derrick Platform. A fixed platform for workers inside the derrick.
Kelly. The square or other shaped steel pipe connecting the swivel to the drill pipe. The kelly moves through the rotary table and transmits torque to the drill string.
Kelly Bushing. A device fitted to the master bushing that transmits torque to the kelly.
Kelly Cock. A valve installed at one or both ends of the kelly that can be used to confine pressure inside the drill string.
Ladder Climbing Assist Device (Angel Lift). A device consisting of a length of wire rope reeved over a sheave, with one end attached to a counterweight and the other end attached to a belt that passes under a person's buttocks. As a person ascends or descends the mast ladder, the device acts as an assist by lightening the person's weight.
Ladder Offset Platform. A platform installed on the derrick or mast at points where the ladder is offset to provide access from one ladder section to an adjacent offset section.
Lanyard. A flexible line to secure a wearer of a safety belt or harness to a drop line, lifeline, or fixed anchorage.
Lease. Any property, irrespective of the legal title or possession, from which gas or oil is being produced or sought. A single lease may include adjacent properties under the same employer.
Loading and Unloading Platform. A platform giving access to the tops of tank cars, tank trucks and trailers and to overhead valves and pipes.
Mast. The tower component of a drilling or well servicing rig that supports the crown block assembly, travelling block and hoisting lines. Derricks and masts may be stationary structures normally requiring dismantling and disassembly when moved from location to location, or may be portable with the capability of being laid down and raised to and from ground level fully assembled.
Monkey Board (Tubing Board or Racking Board). The derrickman's working platform.
Mousehole. An opening through the rig floor, usually lined with pipe, into which a length of drill pipe is placed temporarily for later connection to the drill string.
Oil Saver. A device used in conjunction with a wire line in an oil or gas well to direct liquids and gases from such wells into desirable outlets.
Owner-User Inspection Agency. An owner or user of pressure vessels who maintains a regularly established inspection department whose organization and inspection procedures have been accepted by the Division.
Pressure Relief Device. A device for relieving pressure, such as a direct spring-loaded safety valve, rupture disk, or shear-pin set safety valve.
Pressure Vessel. A container, including cylinders, used for the storage or accumulation of any gas or liquid under pressure and as defined in the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders with the following exceptions:
(a) Those exceptions defined in Section 451 of the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders.
(b) Pressure vessels constructed entirely of pipe and fittings conforming to and in service as prescribed in the applicable ANSI code.
(c) High and low pressure gas holder covered by General Order No. 94-B of the Public Utility Commission of the State of California with revised Section 4a, effective November 12, 1970.
This definition is not intended to include boilers as defined in the Boiler and Fired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders, and pressure chambers that are integral parts of such devices as pumps, motors, engines, clothes presses, flatwork ironers, tire molds, etc., where the pressure-containing part is subjected to severe mechancial stresses.
Production Facility. Typically, an area where production wells, stock tanks, separators, lease automatic custody transfer (LACT) units and other production equipment are located.
Qualified Inspector. An inspector as defined in the Unfired Pressure Safety Orders, and who holds a valid certificate of competency issued by the Division.

Qualified Person. A person designated by the employer who by reason of training and experience has demonstrated the ability to safely perform his duties and, where required, is licensed in accordance with federal, state, or local laws and regulations.
Rathole. A hole in the rig floor lined with a casing that projects above the floor into which the kelly and swivel are placed when hoisting operations are in progress.
Repair (Pressure Vessel). A repair is any work necessary to restore a pressure vessel to a safe operating condition, provided there is no deviation from the original design. Examples of repair include:
1. Weld repair or replacement of pressure retaining parts or attachments that have failed in a weld or in the base material;
2. Addition of welded attachments to pressure parts;
3. Replacement of pressure retaining parts identical or equivalent to those existing on the pressure vessel and described in the original ASME Manufacturer's Data Report;
4. Replacement or addition of a nozzle where reinforcement is not required to be considered by the code under which the vessel was constructed;
5. The addition of a nozzle where reinforcement is a considertaion provided the nozzle is identical or equivalent to the one in the original design and located in a similar part of the vessel;
6. Repairs of base material by weld overlay;
7. Repair or replacement of a pressure part with an ASME Code accepted material that has a nominal chemical composition and strength equivalent to the original material and is suitable for the intended service.
Reservoir. A roofed excavation for the storage of petroleum liquids.
Rod-Wheel Wrench. A spoked, circular metal wheel which when secured onto the sucker/polished rod is used to manually apply torque to the rod string.
Rotary Hose. (Kelly Hose). Length or section of hose between the swivel and the top of the standpipe.
Samson Post. The main upright post or column that supports the walking beam.
Secured. The device or object referred to is so anchored that it will not become accidentally detached, displaced or removed under normal use or foreseen circumstances.
Slips. The wedge-shaped pieces of metal with gripping elements used to prevent pipe from slipping down the well bore.
Source of Ignition. Any flame, arc, spark, or heat capable of igniting flammable liquids, gases or vapors.
Stabbing Board. A readily movable platform used in the derrick or on a mast which workmen stand on to perform work of a temporary nature and not normally performed from a fixed inside derrick platform or monkey board, or a fixed working platform on a mast.
Standpipe. A vertical pipe which joins the rotary hose to the circulating system.

Static Electricity. The type of electrical charge resulting from the separation of materials, friction or similar causes.
Stationary Internal Combustion Engine. An engine that is permanently attached to a fixed foundation.
Sump. A pit or excavation, for holding liquids.
Tank. A receptacle (covered or uncovered) of 60 gallons (227.1 liters) or greater capacity. Unless referred to in these Orders as "stationary," the above definition shall include such receptacle when used on tank cars, tank vehicles or skids.
Traveling Block. Two or more steel plates and other metal parts assembled into a framework within which are mounted one or more sheaves on which the hoisting line is reeved in connection with the sheaves on the crown block. The traveling block travels between the derrick or mast floor and the crown block.
Traveling Block Hook. A hook or equivalent device suspended from the traveling block and from which the elevator links, swivel bail or other equipment is attached.
Valve. A device for regulating or controlling the flow of material by means of a movable part or parts which open or close a passage.
Wall, Diversion. A wall made of concrete, earthwork or other noncombustible material, built for the purpose of protecting employees by diverting the flow of hazardous substances.
Wall, Retaining (Dike). A wall made of concrete, earthwork, or other noncombustible material, built for the purpose of protecting employees by confining hazardous substances.
Well Servicing. Remedial or maintenance work performed within the well casing on any well, other than a drilling well.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6507. Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
The employer shall establish, implement and maintain an Injury and Illness Prevention Program in accordance with the requirements of Section 3203 of the General Industry Safety Orders.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6508. Accident Prevention Program.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6509. Contractors.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6511. First Aid.
The employer shall provide first aid and medical services in accordance with the provisions of the General Industry Safety Orders. Section 3400.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6512. Emergency Medical Services.
Every employer shall establish a system of communication or plan of action to ensure response by emergency services or transportation of employees for medical help in the event of a serious injury.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6513. Clothing.
Wearing apparel and personal protective equipment shall in be accordance with the provisions of the General Safety Orders, Article 10.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6514. Permanent Change Rooms.
(a) Permanent change rooms shall be in accordance with the provisions of the General Industry Safety Orders, Article 9.
(b) Change rooms shall be kept clean, orderly, and in a sanitary condition.
(c) Change rooms shall be so located relative to working sites, as not to introduce or aggravate an accident, fire, or health hazards.
Exception: General Industry Safety Orders, Section 3366(f)(1). One shower facility shall be provided for each twenty-five employees or fraction thereof on a shift.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6515. Change Rooms, Drilling and Servicing Wells.
(a) Where the lack of such facilities would constitute a hazard to health or safety, change rooms shall be located where employees ordinarily change clothes at the beginning or end of shift.
(b) Facilities shall be provided with heating, lighting and ventilation and shall be kept in clean, orderly, and sanitary condition.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6516. Change Rooms, Miscellaneous.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6518. Smoking.
Smoking shall be permitted only in areas designated by the employer.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6519. Fire Protection and Fire Fighting Equipment.
(a) Fire fighting equipment shall be inspected and tested, and maintained in serviceable condition. A record shall be kept showing the date when fire extinguishers were last inspected, tested or recharged.
(b) A plan shall be established and implemented to ensure the safe and orderly evacuation of employees in accordance with the General Industry Safety Orders, Section 3220.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6520. Cleaning Oils.
(a) Light oils shall not be used for cleaning purposes in locations where these orders apply.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6521. Hazardous Areas.
(a) Before a source of ignition may be used in an area where flammable gases or vapors are likely to occur, a qualified person shall make a test by chemical analysis or with an approved device to determine if a flammable atmosphere exists.
(b) No source of ignition shall be permitted in an area where the content of flammable vapors or gases is greater than twenty percent (20%) of the lower explosive limit.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6522. Spontaneous Ignition.
(a) Iron sulfide during and after removal from the inside of equipment shall be kept wet or otherwise protected from auto-ignition until removed to a safe place.
(b) Where lime is used inside a vessel to dehydrate the oil or gas, steel wool shall not be used as a porous medium to hold the lime in place.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6523. Static Electricity.
(a) The accumulation of static electricity shall be controlled in accordance with the provisions of General Industry Safety Orders, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section.
(b) Steel derricks and masts shall be grounded.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6524. Flammable Waste Gases and Vapors.
(a) Flammable waste vapors or gases shall be burned or controlled to prevent hazardous concentrations reaching sources of ignition or otherwise endangering employees.
(b) Reliable and safe means of remote ignition shall be provided whenever flammable vapors or gases are released to the air through flares.
(c) Flares shall be located so that gases, vapors or products of combustion will be dispersed as to not create a hazard to employees.
(d) Means shall be provided to prevent the prolonged escape of hazardous quantities of unburned gases or vapors from flare installations.
(e) Employees shall not enter or be permitted to enter the area where a flare has become extinguished, and the means of igniting the flare has failed, until tests establish that the area is free from flammable gases or vapors.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6525. Transfer of Flammable and Combustible Liquids by Air Displacements.
(a) Air under pressure shall not be used to transfer flammable and combustible liquids from one tank or container to another tank or container. This shall not prohibit the use of air in blowing out pipe line or blow cases to free them of flammable and combustible liquids.
This section shall not apply to existing visible-type gasoline-dispensing pumps, to air-driven pumps, or to vacuum-tank truck operations.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6526. Location of Fired Equipment.
(a) Fired equipment shall be located at least 100 feet from a well being drilled or serviced which can release flammable vapors. If the area or situation will not permit the minimum distance of 100 feet, fired equipment shall be located at the greatest practicable distance from the well, and effective means shall be used to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors which develop in the area.
Note: This does not prevent the emergency or temporary use of fired equipment within one hundred feet (100 ') of a drilling or serviced well if the provisions of Section 6521 are followed. In locating fired equipment due regard shall be given to ground topography, direction of prevailing winds, atmospheric conditions, and the distance from likely gas and vapor conditions to be encountered.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6527. Electrical Equipment.
(a) All electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a type specified by and shall be installed in accordance with Title 8, Electrical Safety Orders.
(b) Electrical equipment shall be installed and maintained to conform with the appropriate area classification as defined in Title 8, Electrical Safety Orders, Article 60.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6528. Ventilation.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6529. Confined Spaces.
Every employer shall implement confined space procedures in accordance with the provisions of the General Industry Safety Orders, Article 108.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6531. Gas and Vapor Testing.
Tests for the presence of flammable or toxic vapors or gases, required by these orders, shall be made by the use of approved devices or apparatus or by chemical analysis; conducted by a qualified person.

Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.

s 6533. Pipe Lines, Fittings, and Valves.
(a) General.
(1) Pipe lines, piping, fittings, and valves installed prior to July 26, 2006, shall be installed, supported and maintained to withstand the stresses imposed by the internal and external loads, and by contraction, expansion and vibration. This section does not apply to drill pipe, casing or tubing in a well.

(2) The design, fabrication, and assembly of piping systems installed on or after July 26, 2006, and the testing, inspection, and repair of all piping systems shall comply with Title 8, Subchapter 7, Article 146 of the General Industry Safety Orders, and ASME B31.3-2002, Process Piping, ASME B31.4- 2002, Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids, ASME B31.8- 2003, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, or API 1104, Nineteenth Edition, September 1999, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities (including the October 31, 2001 Errata), as applicable, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
(3) Each owner or user of piping shall establish an inspection and maintenance program that will ensure that all piping has sufficient integrity for the intended service.
(A) Each owner or user shall employ appropriate engineering, inspection, classification and recording systems that meet all requirements of this Article.
(b) Inspections.
(1) The inspector shall be an authorized piping inspector as defined in Section 4 of API 570 Piping Inspection Code, Second Edition, October 1998, Addendum 3, August 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
(2) The inspector or piping engineer may employ the principles of API 570-2003 when developing inspection strategies and methodologies.
(3) The piping owner or user shall establish piping inspection risk classes by grouping piping systems into common classes of service, pressure/temperature rating, and risk.
(A) The classification of piping systems shall be determined by a qualified person and shall be based on:
1. The potential for the piping to fail due to corrosion, erosion, and other damage mechanisms;
2. The piping location, history, design basis, operating conditions, and previous inspections; and,
3. The consequences of piping failure relative to its location to employees or the public, potential damage to adjacent equipment, or extent of any environmental impact.
(B) Piping inspection risk classes shall be specified as either Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 or Class 4 as follows:
1. Class 1 piping systems are those that will result in an immediate emergency should a leak occur. Examples include, but are not limited to:
a. Piping systems that contain flammable services that may auto refrigerate;
b. Piping systems that contain hydrogen sulfide greater than 3%;
c. Piping systems that contain highly reactive chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid or anhydrous hydrogen chloride,
d. Piping systems located over or adjacent to public thoroughfares and continuously flowing waterways.
2. Class 2 piping systems are those that contain hydrocarbons that will vaporize slowly during release, strong acids and caustics, hydrogen, fuel gas, or natural gas.

3. Class 3 piping systems are those that contain a flammable liquid that does not significantly vaporize and is potentially harmful to human tissue, but located in remote areas.
4. Class 4 piping systems are those where there is minimal risk based on the likelihood and consequence of failure, such as low pressure water piping, lube oil piping, low pressure piping within secondary containments, or low pressure piping containing a chemical that is not flammable, corrosive, toxic, or reactive.
(4) Inspection intervals and inspection strategy shall be determined by the piping risk classification and the remaining life and corrosion rate calculations. Remaining life and corrosion rate calculations shall be performed in accordance with API 570-2003, Section 7, which is hereby incorporated by reference. When establishing maximum allowable pressure and temperature ratings, the material allowable stress and appropriate non-destructive examination factors from the original code of construction shall be used. (continued)