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(continued)
Separ-
ators, Impounding ator, or basin. Also up to 18 inches above
Basins
grade within 15 feet horizontally from any
edge.
[FNa1] The release of Class I liquids may generate vapors to the extent that
the entire building, and possibly a zone surrounding it, should be considered
a Class I, Division 2 location.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5531. Scope.
This article shall apply only to the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in drums or other containers (including flammable aerosols) not exceeding 60 gallons individual capacity and those portable tanks not exceeding 660 gallons individual capacity.
Exceptions: This article shall not apply to the following:
(1) Storage of containers in bulk plants, service stations, refineries, chemical plants, wineries and distilleries.
(2) Flammable or combustible liquids in the fuel tanks of a motor vehicle, aircraft, boat or portable or stationary engine.
(3) Flammable or combustible paints, oils, varnishes and similar mixtures used for painting or maintenance when not kept for a period in excess of 30 days.
(4) Beverages when packaged in individual containers not exceeding one gallon in size.
(5) Medicines, foodstuffs, cosmetics and other consumer items containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water miscible flammable or combustible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being flammable when packaged in individual containers not exceeding one gallon in size.
(Title 24, T8-5531)
s 5532. Design, Construction, and Capacity of Containers.
(a) Only approved containers and portable tanks shall be used. Metal containers and portable tanks meeting the requirements of and containing products authorized by Chapter 1, Title 49, of the Code of Federal Regulations (DOT Regulations), or NFPA No. 386, Standard for Portable Shipping Tanks, shall be deemed to be acceptable.
(b) Each portable tank shall be provided with one or more devices installed in the top with sufficient emergency venting capacity to limit internal pressure under fire exposure conditions to 10 psig, or 30 percent of the bursting pressure of the tank, whichever is greater. The total venting capacity shall be not less than that specified in Subsections 5593(d) or (f). At least one pressure-actuated vent having a minimum capacity of 6,000 cu. ft. of free air per hour (14.7 psia and 60 degrees F) shall be used. It shall be set to open at not less than 5 psig. If fusible vents are used, they shall be actuated by elements that operate at a temperature not exceeding 300 F. When used for paints, drying oils, and similar materials where plugging of the pressure-actuated vent may occur, fusible vents or vents of the type that soften to failure at a maximum of 300 F. under fire exposure, may be used for the entire emergency venting requirement.
(c) Containers and portable tanks for flammable and combustible liquids shall conform to Table FL-2.
Exceptions:
(1) Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other common consumer items, when packaged according to commonly accepted practices, shall be exempt from the requirements of 5532(a).
(2) Class IA and Class IB flammable liquids may be stored in glass containers of not more than one-gallon (3.78 l.) capacity if the required liquid purity (such as ACS analytical reagent grade or higher) would be affected by storage in metal containers or if the liquid would cause excessive corrosion of the metal container.
TABLE FL-2
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SIZE
OF CONTAINERS AND PORTABLE TANKS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flammable Liquids Combustible Liquids
---------------------------- ---------------------
Container Type Class IA Class IB Class IC Class II Class III
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glass 1 pt. 1 qt. 1 gal. 1 gal. 5 gal.
(472 ml) (945 ml) (3.78 l) (3.78 l) (18.9 l)
Metal (Other than DOT 1 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal.
Drums) or approved
plastic
Safety Cans 2 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal. 5 gal.
Metal Drum (DOT Spec) 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal. 60 gal.
Approved Portable Tanks 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal. 660 gal.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5533. Design, Construction, and Capacity of Storage Cabinets.
(a) Not more than 120 gallons of Class I, Class II and Class IIIA liquids may be stored in a storage cabinet. Of this total, not more than 60 gallons may be of Class I and Class II liquid. Not more than three such cabinets may be located in a single fire area, except that in an industrial occupancy additional cabinets may be located in the same fire area if the additional cabinet, or group of not more than three cabinets, is separated from any other cabinets or group of cabinets by at least 100 feet.
(b) Storage cabinets shall be designed and constructed to limit the internal temperature to not more than 325 degrees F when subjected to a ten-minute fire test using the standard time temperature curve as set forth in Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, NFPA No. 251-1972. All joints and seams shall remain tight and the door shall remain securely closed during the fire test. Cabinets shall be labeled in conspicuous lettering, "FLAMMABLE -KEEP FIRE AWAY."
(1) Metal cabinets constructed in the following manner shall be deemed to be in compliance with (b). The bottom, top, door and sides of cabinet shall be at least No. 18 gage sheet iron and double walled with 1 1/2-inch air space. Joints shall be riveted, welded or made tight by some equally effective means. The door shall be provided with a three-point lock, and the door sill shall be raised at least two inches above the bottom of the cabinet.
(2) Wooden cabinets constructed in the following manner shall be deemed in compliance with (b). The bottom, sides and top shall be constructed of an approved grade of plywood at least 1-inch in thickness, which shall not break down or delaminate under fire conditions. All joints shall be rabbeted and shall be fastened in two directions with flathead wood screws. When more than one door is used, there shall be a rabbeted overlap of not less than 1-inch. Hinges shall be mounted in such a manner as to not lose their holding capacity due to loosening or burning out of the screws when subjected to the fire test.
s 5534. Design and Construction of Inside Storage Rooms.
(a) Inside storage rooms shall be constructed to meet the required fire-resistive rating for their use. Such construction shall comply with the test specification set forth in Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, NFPA No. 251-1972. Where an automatic sprinkler system is provided, the system shall be designed and installed in an approved manner. Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombustible liquid-tight raised sills or ramps at least four inches in height, or the floor in the storage area shall be at least four inches below the surrounding floor. Openings shall be provided with approved self-closing fire doors. The room shall be liquid-tight where the walls join the floor. A permissible alternate to the sill or ramp is an open-grated trench inside of the room which drains to a safe location. Where other portions of the building or other properties are exposed, windows shall be protected as set forth in the Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, NFPA No. 80-1974, for Class E or F openings. Wood at least one-inch nominal thickness may be used for shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay and similar installations.
(b) Storage in inside storage rooms shall comply with the following:
TABLE FL-3
_______________________________________________________________________________
Automatic Total Allowable
Fire Protection Fire Maximum Quantities
[FNa1]
Provided Resistance Floor Area Gals./sq.
ft./floor area
_______________________________________________________________________________
yes 2-hour 500 sq. ft. 10
no 2-hour 500 sq. ft. 4
yes 1-hour 150 sq. ft. 5
no 1-hour 150 sq. ft. 2
_______________________________________________________________________________
[FNa1] Fire protection system shall be sprinkler, water spray, carbon dioxide,
dry chemical, halon or other approved system.
(1) Electrical wiring and equipment located in inside storage rooms used for Class I liquids shall be approved for Class I, Division 2 Locations; for Class II and Class III liquids, shall be approved for general use.
(2) Every inside storage room shall be provided with either a gravity or a continuous mechanical exhaust ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be used if Class I liquids are dispensed within the room.
(A) Exhaust air shall be taken from a point near a wall on one side of the room and within 12 inches of the floor with one or more make-up air inlets located on the opposite side of the room within 12 inches from the floor. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be arranged to provide, as far as practicable, air movements across all portions of the floor to prevent accumulation of flammable vapors. Exhaust from the room shall be directly to the exterior of the building. If ducts are used they shall not be used for any other purpose and shall comply with the Standard for the Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock and Vapor Removal or Conveying, NFPA No. 91-1973 (ANSI Z33.1). If make-up air to a mechanical system is taken from within the building, the opening shall be equipped with an approved fire door or damper, as required in the Standard for the Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems, for Dust, Stock and Vapor Removal or Conveying, NFPA 91-1973 (ANSI Z33.1). For gravity systems, the make-up air shall be supplied from outside the building.
(B) Mechanical ventilation systems shall provide at least one cubic foot per minute of exhaust per square foot of floor area, but not less than 150 CFM. (Title 24, T8-5534)
s 5535. Storage in Inside Storage Rooms.
In every inside storage room there shall be maintained one clear aisle at least three feet wide. Containers over 30 gallons capacity storing Class I or Class II liquids shall not be stacked one upon the other. Dispensing shall be by approved pump or self-closing faucet only. [Section 5607(a)]. (Title 24, T8- 5535)
s 5536. Storage Inside Buildings.
(a) Flammable or combustible liquids, including stock for sale, shall not be stored so as to limit use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people.
(b) The storage of flammable or combustible liquids in containers or portable tanks shall comply with Sections 5537 through 5541. (Title 24, T8-5536)
s 5537. Assembly Occupancies, Buildings Containing More Than Three Dwelling Units and Hotels.
Storage in excess of 10 gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined or 60 gallons of Class IIIA liquids shall be in containers stored in a storage cabinet or in safety cans or in an inside storage room not having an opening directly into that portion of the building used by the public. (Title 24, T8- 5537)
s 5538. Office, Educational and Institutional Occupancies.
(a) Storage shall be limited to that required for operation of office equipment, maintenance, demonstration, treatment, and laboratory work. All liquids in laboratories and at other points of use shall meet the following storage provisions:
(1) No container for Class I or Class II liquids shall exceed a capacity of one gallon except that safety cans can be of two gallons capacity.
(2) Not more than 10 gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored outside of a storage cabinet or storage room, except in safety cans.
(3) Not more than 25 gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored in safety cans outside of a storage room or storage cabinet.
(4) Not more than 60 gallons of combustible liquids shall be stored outside of a storage room or storage cabinet.
(5) Quantities of flammable and combustible liquids in excess of those set forth in this section shall be stored in an inside storage room or storage cabinet. (Title 24, T8-5538)
s 5539. Mercantile Occupancies and Other Retail Stores.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5540. General Purpose or Industrial Plant Warehouses.
Storage shall be in accordance with Table FL-4 or FL-5 and in buildings or in portions of such buildings cut off by fire walls of not less than 2-hour fire-resistive construction. Material creating no fire exposure hazard to the flammable or combustible liquids may be stored in the same area. (Title 24, T8- 5540)
s 5541. Flammable and Combustible Liquid Warehouses or Storage Buildings.
(a) If storage building is located 50 feet or less from a building or line of adjoining property that may be built upon, the exposing wall shall have a fire-resistance rating of at least two hours with any openings protected by approved fire doors.
(b) The total quantity of liquids within a building shall not be restricted, but the arrangement of storage shall comply with Tables FL-4 or FL-5.
(c) Containers in piles shall be separated by pallets or dunnage where necessary to provide stability and to prevent excessive stress on container walls.
(d) Portable tanks stored over one tier high shall be designed to nest securely, without dunnage, and adequate materials handling equipment shall be available to handle tanks safely at the upper tier level.
(e) No pile shall be closer than three feet to the nearest beam, chord, girder or other obstructions, and shall be three feet below sprinkler deflectors or discharge orifices of water spray, or other overhead fire protection systems.
(f) Aisles at least three feet wide shall be provided where necessary for reasons of access to doors, windows or standpipe connections. (Title 24, T8- 5541)
Table FL-4 Indoor Container Storage
_______________________________________________________________________________
Protected Storage Unprotected Storage
[FNa1]
Maximum Per Pile Maximum Per Pile
Class Storage
Liquid Level Gals. Gals.
_______________________________________________________________________________
IA Ground 2,750 660
& Upper (50) (12)
Floors
Basement Not permitted Not permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
IB Ground 5,500 1,375
& Upper (100) (25)
Floors
Basement Not Permitted Not Permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
IC Ground 16,500 4,125
& Upper (300) (75)
Floors
Basement Not permitted Not permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
II Ground 16,500 4,125
& Upper (300) (75)
Floors
Basement 5,500 Not permitted
(100)
_______________________________________________________________________________
III Ground 55,000 13,750
& Upper (1,000) (250)
Floors
Basement 8,250 Not permitted
(150)
_______________________________________________________________________________
[FNa1] A sprinkler or equivalent fire protection system installed in accordance
with the applicable NFPA Standard.
(Numbers in parentheses indicate corresponding number of 55-gallon drums.)
Note: 1: When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum gallonages.
Note: 2: Aisles shall be provided so that no container is more than 12 feet from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least eight Feet wide and side aisles at least four feet wide.
Note: 3: Each pile shall be separated from each other pile by at least four feet. When stored on suitably protected racks or when the storage is suitably protected, containers may be piled up to the height limits in Section 5541(e).
Table FL-5 Indoor Portable Tank Storage
_______________________________________________________________________________
Protected Storage Unprotected Storage
[FNa1]
Maximum Per Pile Maximum Per Pile
Class Storage
Liquid Level Gals. Gals.
_______________________________________________________________________________
IA Ground Not permitted Not Permitted
& Upper
Floors
______________________________________________________________________
Basement Not permitted Not permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
IB Ground 20,000 2,000
& Upper
Floors
______________________________________________________________________
Basement Not Permitted Not Permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
IC Ground 40,000 5,500
& Upper
Floors
______________________________________________________________________
Basement Not permitted Not permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
II Ground 40,000 5,500
& Upper
Floors
______________________________________________________________________
Basement 20,000 Not permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
III Ground 60,000 22,000
& Upper
Floors
______________________________________________________________________
Basement 20,000 Not permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________
[FNa1] A sprinkler or equivalent fire protection system installed in accordance
with the applicable NFPA Standard.
Note: 1: When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage permitted in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate maximum gallonages.
Note: 2: Aisles shall be provided so that no portable tank is more than 12 feet from an aisle. Main aisles shall be at least eight feet wide and side aisles at least four feet wide.
Note: 3: Each pile shall be separated from each other pile by at least four feet. When stored on suitably protected racks or when the storage is suitably protected, portable tanks may be piled up to the height limits in Section 5541(e).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5542. Storage Outside Buildings.
(a) Storage outside buildings shall be in accordance with Table FL-6 or FL-7 and (b) and (d).
(b) A maximum of 1,100 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids may be located adjacent to buildings located on the same premises and under the same management. Where the quantity stored exceeds 1,100 gallons a minimum distance of 10 feet between buildings and nearest container of flammable or combustible liquid shall be maintained.
(c) The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be surrounded by a curb at least six inches high. When curbs are used, provisions shall be made for draining of accumulations of ground or rain water or spills of flammable or combustible liquids. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire conditions.
(d) Storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debrisand other combustible material not necessary to the storage. (Title 24, T8-5542)
Table FL-6 Outdoor Container Storage
__________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5
Distance to Distance to
Maximum Distance Property Line Street,
Per Pile Between That Can Be Alley,
Gallons Piles Built Upon Public Way
Class (See Note 1) (See Note 2) (See Notes 3 & 4) (See Note 4)
__________________________________________________________________
IA 1,100 5 feet 20 feet 10 feet
IB 2,200 5 feet 20 feet 10 feet
IC 4,400 5 feet 20 feet 10 feet
II 8,800 5 feet 10 feet 5 feet
III 22,000 5 feet 10 feet 5 feet
__________________________________________________________________
Note: 1: When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate gallonages.
Note: 2: Within 200 feet of each container, there shall be a 12-foot wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
Note: 3: The distances listed apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column four shall be doubled.
Note: 4: When total quantity stored does not exceed 50% of maximum per pile, the distances in columns four and five may be reduced 50%, but not less than three feet.
Table FL-7 Outdoor Portable Tank Storage
_______________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5
Distance to Distance to
Maximum Distance Property Line Street,
Per Pile Between Property Line Street,
Gallons Piles That Can Be Alley, Public
Class (See Note 1) (See Note 2) Built Upon Way
_______________________________________________________________
IA 2,200 5 feet 20 feet 10 feet
IB 4,400 5 feet 20 feet 10 feet
IC 8,800 5 feet 20 feet 10 feet
II 17,600 5 feet 10 feet 5 feet
III 44,000 5 feet 10 feet 5 feet
_______________________________________________________________
Note: 1: When two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be the smallest of the two or more separate gallonages.
Note: 2: Within 200 feet of each portable tank, there shall be a 12-foot wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5543. Fire Control.
(a) Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers, shall be available at locations where flammable or combustible liquids are stored.
(1) At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 10-B units shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 feet from, the door opening into any room used for storage.
(2) At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 10-B units shall be located not less than 10 feet, nor more than 25 feet, from any Class I or Class II liquid storage area located outside of a storage room but inside a building.
(b) When sprinklers are provided, they shall be installed in an approved manner. The Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA No. 13- 1974, provides information on the installation of sprinkler systems.
(c) Open flames and smoking shall not be permitted in flammable or combustible liquid storage areas.
(d) Materials which will react with water shall not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids. (Title 24, T8-5543)
s 5545. General.
This Section shall be applicable to those portions of an industrial plant where the use and handling of flammable or combustible liquids is only incidental to the principal business, such as automobile assembly, construction of electronic equipment, furniture manufacturing or other similar activities.
(a) Flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored in tanks or closed containers.
(1) Except as provided in (2) and (3), all storage shall comply with Article 141, Container Storage.
(2) The quantity of liquid that may be located in a building or in any one fire area of a building outside of an inside storage room or storage cabinet shall not exceed that given in (A), (B) and (C) below:
(A) 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers and
(B) 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II or III liquids in containers and
(C) One portable tank not exceeding 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, Class II, or Class III liquids.
(3) Where large quantities of flammable or combustible liquids are necessary, storage may be in tanks, which shall comply with the applicable requirements of Articles 140 and 146 and Sections 5546, 5548, 5549, 5550, and 5551.
(b) Areas in which flammable or combustible liquids are transferred from one tank or container to another container shall be separated from other operations in the building by adequate distance or by construction having adequate fire resistance. Drainage or other means shall be provided to control spills. Natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided in accordance with Section 5143.
(c) Class I and Class II liquids shall be kept in covered containers when not actually in use.
(d) Where flammable or combustible liquids are used or handled, except in closed containers, means shall be provided to dispose promptly and safely of leakage or spills.
(e) Class I liquids may be used only where there are no open flames or other sources of ignition within the possible path of vapor travel.
(f) Class I and Class II liquids shall be drawn from or transferred into vessels, containers or portable tanks within a building only through a closed piping system, from original shipping containers, from safety cans, by means of a device drawing through the top or from a container or portable tanks by gravity through a self-closing valve or faucet [Section 5607(a)]. Transferring any liquids by means of air pressure on the container or portable tanks shall be prohibited. (Title 24, T8-5545(b))
s 5546. General.
This Section shall be applicable in those portions of industrial plants where flammable or combustible liquids are handled or used in unit physical operations such as mixing, drying, evaporating, filtering, distillation, and similar operations which do not involve chemical change. Examples are plants compounding cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, solvents, cleaning fluids, insecticides and similar types of activities.
(a) Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs, scuppers, or special holding basins or tanks.
(1) Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators.
(b) Areas as defined in Section 5546 using Class I liquids shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than one cubic foot per minute per square foot of solid floor area. This shall be accomplished by natural or mechanical ventilation with discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building. Provision shall be made for introduction of make-up air in such a manner as not to short circuit the ventilation. Ventilation shall be arranged to include all floor areas or pits where flammable vapors may collect. Local or spot general ventilation may be needed for the control of special fire or health hazards. Such ventilation, if provided, may be utilized for up to 75 percent of the required ventilation.
(c) Equipment used in a building and the ventilation of the building shall be designed so as to limit flammable vapor-air mixtures under normal operating conditions to the interior of equipment, and to not more than five feet from equipment which exposes Class I liquids to the air. Examples of such equipment are dispensing stations, open centrifuges, plate and frame filters, open vacuum filters, and surfaces of open equipment.
(d) The storage, transfer and handling of liquids shall comply with Section 5557. (Title 24, T8-5546)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5547. Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading.
(a) Tank vehicle and tank car loading or unloading facilities shall be separated from aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings or nearest line of adjoining property, which may be built upon by a distance of 25 feet for Class I liquids and 15 feet for Class II and Class III liquids measured from the nearest position of any fill stem. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnel may be a part of the facility. Operations of the facility shall comply with the appropriate portions of Section 5619.
s 5548. Fire Control.
(a) Portable fire extinguishment and control equipment shall be provided in such quantities and types as are needed for the special hazards of operation and storage. See Article 157.
(b) Water shall be available in volume and at adequate pressure to supply water hose streams, foam-producing equipment, automatic sprinklers or water spray systems as the need is indicated by the special hazards of operation, dispensing and storage.
(c) All plant fire protection facilities shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of Group 27.
Note: An approved fire alarm system is recommended for prompt notification of fire. Where service is available, it is recommended that a public fire alarm box be located nearby. It may be advisable to connect the plant system with the public system. (Title 24, T8-5548)
s 5549. Sources of Ignition.
(a) Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors by open flames; lightning; smoking; cutting and welding; hot surfaces; frictional heat; static, electrical and mechanical sparks; spontaneous ignition, including heat-producing chemical reactions; radiant heat; or other sources of ignition.
(b) Class I liquids shall not be dispensed into metal containers unless the nozzle or fill pipe is in electrical contact with the container. This can be accomplished by maintaining metallic contact during filling, by a bond wire between them, or by other conductive path having an electrical resistance not greater than 10 6 ohms. Bonding is not required where a container is filled through a closed system, or the container is made of glass or other nonconducting material.
(c) See Article 140 for electrical classifications.
s 5550. Repairs to Equipment.
Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark-producing power tools, and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of a qualified person. The individual in charge shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified.
s 5551. Housekeeping.
(a) Maintenance and operating practices shall be in accordance with established procedures which will tend to control leakage and prevent the accidental escape of flammable or combustible liquids.Spills shall be cleaned up promptly.
(b) Adequate aisles shall be maintained for unobstructed movement of personnel and so that fire protection equipment can be brought to bear on any part of flammable or combustible liquid storage, use, or any unit physical operation.
(c) Combustible waste material and residues in a building or unit operating area shall be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily.
(d) Ground area around buildings and unit operating areas shall be kept free of weeds, trash or other unnecessary combustible materials.
s 5554. Scope.
This Article shall apply to those plants or buildings which contain chemical operations such as oxidation, reduction, halogenation, hydrogenation, alkylation, polymerization, and other chemical processes but shall not apply to chemical plants, wineries, refineries or distilleries as defined which are covered in Article 148, Refineries, Chemical Plants, Wineries, and Distilleries. (Title 24, T8-5554)
s 5555. Location.
(a) The location of each processing vessel shall be based upon its flammable or combustible liquid capacity. Processing vessels shall be located, with respect to distances to lines of adjoining property which may be built upon, in accordance with Table FL-8, except when the processing plant is designed in accordance with (b).
Table FL-8
_________________________________________________________________________
Processing Vessels With
Emergency Relief Venting
to Permit Pressure Stable Liquids Unstable Liquids
_________________________________________________________________________
Not in excess of 2.5 psi.... Table FL-15 [FNa1] 2 1/2 times
Table FL-15 [FNa1]
Over 2.5 psig............... 1 1/2 times 4 times
Table FL-15 [FNa1] Table FL-15 [FNa1]
_________________________________________________________________________
[FNa1] Double distances where protection of exposure is not provided.
(b) The distances required in (a) may be waived when the vessels are housed within a building and the exterior wall facing the line of adjoining property which may be built upon is a blank wall having a fire resistance rating of not less than four hours. When Class IA or unstable liquids are handled, the blank wall shall have explosion resistance in accordance with good engineering practice, see Section 5556(f). (Title 24, T8-5555)
s 5556. Construction.
(a) Processing buildings shall be of not less than noncombustible construction, except heavy timber construction with load-bearing walls may be permitted for plants utilizing only stable Class II or Class III liquids. Except as provided in Section 5555(b) or in the case of explosion resistant walls used in conjunction with explosion relieving facilities, see (f), load-bearing walls shall be prohibited. Buildings handling Class I or Class II liquids shall be without basements or covered pits.
(b) Areas shall have adequate exit facilities arranged to prevent occupants from being trapped in the event of fire (see Article 2).
(c) Exits shall not be exposed by the drainage facilities described in Section 5546(a) and (b).
(d) Enclosed processing buildings handling Class I or Class II liquids shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than one cubic foot per minute per square foot of solid floor area. This shall be accomplished by natural or mechanical ventilation with discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building. Provision shall be made for introduction of make-up air in such a manner as not to short circuit the ventilation. Ventilation shall be arranged to include all floor areas or pits where flammable vapors may collect. Local (or spot) ventilation may be needed for the control of special fire or health hazards. Such ventilation, if provided, may be utilized for up to 75 percent of the required ventilation.
(e) Equipment used in a building and the ventilation of the building shall be designed so as to limit flammable vapor-air mixtures under normal operating conditions to the interior of equipment, and to not more than five feet from equipment which exposes Class I liquids to the air. Examples of such equipment are dispensing stations, open centrifuges, plate and frame filters, open vacuum filters, and surfaces of open equipment.
(f) Areas where Class IA or unstable liquids are processed shall have explosion venting through one or more of the following methods:
(1) Open air construction;
(2) Lightweight walls and roof;
(3) Lightweight wall panels and roof hatches;
(4) Windows of explosion venting-type. (Title 24, T8-5556)
s 5557. Storage.
(a) The storage of flammable or combustible liquids in tanks shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Article 145, Tank Storage.
(b) Storage tanks inside of buildings shall be permitted only in areas at or above grade which have adequate drainage and are separated from the processing area by construction having a fire resistance rating of at least two hours. Day tanks, running tanks and surge tanks are permitted in process areas. Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombustible liquid-tight raised sills or ramps at least 4 inches in height, or the floor in the storage area shall be at least 4 inches below the surrounding floor. Openings shall be provided with approved self-closing fire doors. The room shall be liquid-tight where the walls join the floor. (See Article 2 for exit requirements).
(c) The storage of flammable or combustible liquids in containers shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of Article 141, Container and Portable Tank Storage.
(d) Piping, valves and fittings shall be in accordance with Article 146, Piping, Valves and Fittings.
(e) Piping containing flammable or combustible liquids shall be identified. See Section 3321.
(f) The transfer of large quantities of flammable or combustible liquids shall be through piping by means of pumps or water displacement. Except as required in process equipment, gravity flow shall not be used. The use of compressed air as a transferring medium shall be prohibited.
(g) Positive displacement pumps shall be provided with pressure relief discharging back to the tank or to pump suction.
(h) Equipment shall be designed and arranged to prevent the unintentional escape of liquids and vapors and to minimize the quantity escaping in the event of accidental release. Note:Where the vapor space of equipment is usually within the flammable range, the probability of explosion damage to the equipment can be limited by inerting, by providing an explosion suppression system, or by designing the equipment to contain the peak explosion pressure which may be modified by explosion relief. Where the special hazards of operation, sources of ignition, or exposures indicate a need, consideration shall be given to providing protection by one or more of the above means. NFPA 69-2002, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, provides information on inerting.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5558. Tank Vehicle and Tank Car Loading and Unloading.
Tank vehicle and tank car loading or unloading facilities shall be separated from aboveground tanks, warehouses, other plant buildings or nearest line of adjoining property which may be built upon by a distance of 25 feet for Class I liquids and 15 feet for Class II and Class III liquids measured from the nearest position of any fill stem. Buildings for pumps or shelters for personnel may be a part of the facility. Operations of the facility shall comply with the appropriate portions of Article 147, Bulk Plants.
s 5559. Fire Control.
(a) Approved portable fire extinguishers of appropriate size, type and number shall be provided. See Article 157.
(b) An approved automatic sprinkler system or an equivalent extinguishing system shall be installed when required by state or local regulations. Such systems shall comply with the applicable NFPA standard. (Title 24, T8-5559)
s 5560. Sources of Ignition.
(a) Precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors. Sources of ignition include but are not limited to open flames; lightning; smoking; cutting and welding; hot surfaces; frictional heat; static, electrical and mechanical sparks; spontaneous ignition, including heat-producing chemical reactions; and radiant heat.
(b) Class I liquids shall not be dispensed into metal containers unless the nozzle or fill pipe is in electrical contact with the container. This can be accomplished by maintaining metallic contact during filling, by a bond wire between them, or by other conductive path having an electrical resistance not greater than 106 ohms. Bonding is not required where a container is filled through a closed system, or the container is made of glass or other nonconducting material.
(c) See Article 140 for electrical classifications.
s 5561. Maintenance and Repair.
(a) When necessary to do maintenance work in a flammable or combustible liquid processing area, the work shall be authorized by a responsible member of supervision.
(b) Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark-producing power tools, and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of a qualified person. The individual in charge shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified.
s 5562. Housekeeping.
(a) Maintenance and operating practices shall be in accordance with established procedures which will tend to control leakage and prevent the accidental escape of flammable or combustible liquids. Spills shall be cleaned up promptly.
(b) Adequate aisles shall be maintained for unobstructed movement of personnel and so that fire protection equipment can be brought to bear on any part of the processing equipment.
(c) Combustible waste material and residues in a building or operating area shall be kept to a minimum, stored in closed metal waste cans, and disposed of daily.
(d) Ground area around buildings and operating areas shall be kept free of tall grass, weeds, trash or other combustible materials.
s 5565. Scope.
This Article applies to both automotive and marine service stations. (Title 24, T8-5565)
s 5566. Storage.
(a) Liquids shall be stored in closed containers not exceeding 60 gallons capacity, in tanks in special enclosures as described in 5567, in aboveground tanks as provided for in (e), or in tanks located underground as in Sections 5597, 5598 and 5599. Vent pipes on tanks storing gasoline shall discharge only upward in order to disperse vapors. Also see Section 5578.
(b) Aboveground tanks, located at an adjoining bulk plant, may be connected by piping to service station underground tanks if, in addition to valves at aboveground tanks, a valve is also installed within control of service station personnel. Apparatus dispensing Class I liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles of the public shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted.
(c) Class I liquids shall not be stored or handled within a building having a basement or pit into which flammable vapors may travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation which will prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein.
(d) Tanks supplying marine service stations and pumps not integral with the dispensing unit shall be on shore or on a pier of the solid-fill type, except as provided in (1) and (2).
(1) Where a shore location would require excessively long supply lines to dispensers, tanks may be installed on piers provided that applicable portions of Article 145 relative to spacing, diking and piping are complied with and the quantity so stored does not exceed 1,100 gallons aggregate capacity.
(2) Shore tanks supplying marine service stations may be located aboveground where rock ledges or high water tables make underground tanks impractical.
(e) Where tanks are at an elevation which produces a gravity head on the dispensing unit, the tank outlet shall be equipped with a device, such as a solenoid valve, positioned adjacent to and downstream from the valve specified in Section 5596(b), so installed and adjusted that liquid cannot flow by gravity from the tank in case of piping or hose failure when the dispenser is not in use.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5567. Special Enclosures.
(a) When installation of tanks in accordance with Sections 5597, 5598 and 5599 is impractical because of property or building limitations, tanks for flammable or combustible liquids may be installed in buildings if enclosed as described in (b).
(b) Enclosure shall be liquid and vaportight without backfill. Sides, top and bottom of the enclosure shall be of reinforced concrete at least six inches thick, with openings for inspection through the top only. Tank connections shall be so piped or closed that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space. Means shall be provided to use portable equipment to discharge to the outside any liquid or vapors which might accumulate should leakage occur.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 5568. Inside Buildings.
(a) Except where stored in tanks as provided in Section 5567, no Class I liquids shall be stored within any service station building except in closed containers of aggregate capacity not exceeding 120 gallons. One container not exceeding 60 gallons capacity equipped with an approved pump is permitted.
(b) Class I liquids may be transferred from one container to another in lubrication or service rooms of a service station building provided the electrical installation complies with Table FL-9 and provided that any heating equipment complies with Section 5575. See also Section 5580 for other possible sources of ignition.
(c) Class II and Class III liquids may be stored and dispensed inside service station buildings from tanks of not more than 120 gallons each.
s 5569. Piping, Valves and Fittings.
(a) The design, fabrication, assembly, test and inspection of the piping system shall be in accordance with Article 146 except that, where dispensing is from a floating structure, suitable lengths of oil-resistant flexible hose may be employed between the shore piping and the piping on the floating structure as made necessary by change in water level or shore line.
(1) Where excessive stray currents are encountered, piping handling Class I and Class II liquids at marine service stations shall be electrically insulated from the shore piping.
(2) Piping shall be located so as to be protected from physical damage.
(3) A readily accessible valve to shut off the supply from shore shall be provided in each pipeline at or near the approach to the pier and at the shore end of each marine pipeline adjacent to the point where a flexible hose is attached.
(4) After completion of the installation, including any paving, that section of the pressure piping system between the pump discharge and the connection for the dispensing facility shall be tested for at least 30 minutes at the maximum operating pressure of the system. Such tests shall be repeated at 5-year intervals thereafter.
s 5570. Remote Pumping Systems.
(a) This Section shall apply to systems for dispensing Class I liquids where such liquids are transferred from storage to individual or multiple dispensing units by pumps located elsewhere than at the dispensing units.
(b) Pumps shall be designed or equipped so that no part of the system will be subjected to pressures above its allowable workingpressure. Each pump shall have installed on the discharge side an approved leak detection device which will provide an indication if the piping and dispensers are not essentially liquid-tight. (continued)