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(continued)
G. If you work in a regulated area, you must remove any impermeable protective equipment or clothing before leaving the regulated area.
H. Ask your supervisor where DBCP is used in your work area and for any additional safety and health rules.
VI. Access to Information
A. Each year, your employer is required to inform you of the information contained in this Substance Safety Data Sheet for DBCP. In addition, your employer must instruct you in the safe use of protective equipment.
B. Your employer is required to determine whether you are being exposed to DBCP. You or your representative have the right to observe employee exposure measurements and to record the result obtained. Your employer is required to inform you of your exposure. If your employer determines that you are being overexposed, he is required to inform you of the actions which are being taken to reduce your exposure.
C. Your employer is required to keep records of your exposure and medical examinations. Your employer is required to keep exposure and medical data for at least 40 years or the duration of your employment plus 20 years, whichever is longer.
D. Your employer is required to release exposure and medical records to you, your physician, or other individual designated by you upon your written request.
VII. Transportation of DBCP
A. As a vehicle operator transporting DBCP, you are entitled to be given and allowed to keep a copy of this Substance Safety Data Sheet for DBCP.
B. All provisions of this substance data sheet except Section VI apply to the safe handling of DBCP by vehicle operators.
C. Any spill or leak of DBCP or anytime DBCP can be smelled, it is to be considered an emergency. Under these circumstances, get fresh air. Only adequately trained persons with appropriate respiratory protective equipment and protective clothing shall be permitted to approach the vehicle.






Appendix B
Substance Technical Guidelines for DBCP

I. Physical and Chemical Data

A. Substance Identification
1. Synonyms:1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane; DBCP, Fumazone; Nemafume; Nemagon; Nemaset; BBC 12; OS 1879. DBCP is also included in agricultural pesticides and fumigants which include the phrase "Nema ________" in their name.
2. Formula:C3H5Br2Cl.
3. Molecular Weight:236.
B. Physical Data:
1. Boiling point(760 mm Hg): 195<>C (383<>F)
2. Specific gravity(water = 1): 2.1
3. Vapor density(air = 1 at boiling point of DBCP): Data not available.
4. Melting point:6<>C (43<>F).
5. Vapor pressureat 20<>C (68<>F) 0.8mm Hg.

6. Solubilityin water: 1000 ppm.
7. Evaporation rate(Butyl Acetate = 1): very much less than 1.
8. Appearance and odor:Dense yellow or amber liquid with pungent odor at high concentrations. Any detectable odor of DBCP indicates overexposure.
II. Fire Explosion and Reactivity Hazard Data
A. Fire
1. Flash point: 170<>F (77<>C)
2. Autoignition temperature: Data not available.
3. Flammable limits in air, percent by volume: Data not available.
4. Extinguishing media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical.
5. Special fire-fighting procedures: Do not use a solid stream of water since a stream will scatter and spread the fire. Use water spray to cool containers exposed to a fire.
6. Unusual fire and explosion hazards: None known.
7. For purposes of complying with the requirements of Group 20 of the General Industry Safety Orders, liquid DBCP is classified as Class III A combustible liquid.
8. For the purpose of complying with the requirements of the Low Voltage Electrical Safety Orders (Title 8, California Administrative Code), the classification of hazardous locations as described in Article 500 of the National Electrical Code for DBCP shall be Class 1, Group D.
9. For the purpose of complying with the requirements of Section 6152, DBCP is classified as a Class B fire hazard.
10. For the purposes of complying with Section 3650(i), locations classified as hazardous due to the presence of DBCP shall be Class 1, Group D.
11. Sources of ignition are prohibited where DBCP presents a fire or explosion hazard.
B. Reactivity
1. Conditions contributing to instability: None known.
2. Incompatibilities: Reacts with chemically active metals, such as aluminum, magnesium and tin alloys.
3. Hazardous decomposition products: Toxic gases and vapors (such as HBr, HCl and carbon monoxide) may be released in a fire involving DBCP.
4. Special precautions: DBCP will attack some rubber materials and coatings.
III. Spill, Leak and Disposal Procedures
A. If DBCP is spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken:
1. The area should be evacuated at once and re-entered only while wearing appropriate protective equipment.

2. Contain the spill or leak.
3. If in liquid form, collect on absorbent material and place in sealed containers and/or destroy by chemical methods.
4. If in solid form, collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal or destruction.
B. Persons not wearing protective equipment must be restricted from areas of spills or leaks until cleanup has been completed and monitoring results indicate the area to be safe for re-entry.
C. Waste Disposal Methods:
1. For small quantities of liquid DBCP, absorb on paper towels, remove to safe place (such as a fume hood) and burn the paper. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. If liquid DBCP is absorbed in vermiculite, earth or similar material and placed in sealed containers it may be disposed of in a State-approved sanitary landfill.

2. If in solid form, for small quantities, place on paper towels, remove to a safe place (such as a fume hood) and burn. Large quantities may be reclaimed. However, if this is not practical, dissolve in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) and atomize in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. DBCP in solid form may also be disposed in a state-approved sanitary landfill.
IV. Monitoring and Measurement Procedures
A. Exposure above the permissible exposure limit.
1. Eight Hour Exposure Evaluation:Measurements taken for the purpose of determining employee exposure under this section are best taken so that the average 8-hour exposure may be determined from a single 8-hour sample or two (2) 4-hour samples. Air samples should be taken in the employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee).
2. Monitoring Techniques:The sampling and analysis under this section may be performed by collecting the DBCP vapor on petroleum based charcoal absorption tubes with subsequent chemical analyses. The method of measurement chosen should determine the concentration of airborne DBCP at the permissible exposure limit to an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent. If charcoal tubes are used, a total volume of 10 liters should be collected at a flow rate of 50 cc. per minute for each tube. Analyze the resultant samples as you would samples of halogenated solvent.
B. Since many of the duties relating to employee protection are dependent on the results of monitoring and measuring procedures, employers should assure that the evaluation of employee exposures is performed by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person.
V. Protective Clothing
Employees should be required to wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent any possibility of skin contact with DBCP. Because DBCP is absorbed through the skin, it is important to prevent skin contact with both liquid and solid forms of DBCP. The employer shall provide impermeable protective clothing and equipment to protect the area of the body which may come in contact with DBCP. Standard rubber and neoprene gloves do not offer adequate protection and should not be relied upon to keep DBCP off the skin. DBCP should never be allowed to remain on the skin. Clothing and shoes should not be allowed to become contaminated with the material, and if they do, they should be promptly removed and not worn again until completely free of the material. Any protective clothing which has developed leaks or is otherwise found to be defective should be repaired or replaced. Employees should also be required to wear splashproof safety goggles where there is any possibility of DBCP contacting the eyes.
VI. Housekeeping and Hygiene Facilities
1. The workplace must be kept clean, orderly and in a sanitary condition;
2. Dry sweeping and the use of compressed air is unsafe for the cleaning of floors and other surfaces where DBCP dust or liquids are found. To minimize the contamination of air with dust, vacuuming with either portable or permanent systems must be used. If a portable unit is selected the exhaust must be attached to the general workplace exhaust ventilation system, or collected within the vacuum unit equipped with high efficiency filters or other appropriate means of contamination removal and not used for other purposes. Units used to collect DBCP must be labeled.
3. Adequate washing facilities with hot and cold water must be provided, and maintained in a sanitary condition. Suitable cleansing agents should also be provided to assure the effective removal of DBCP from the skin.

4. Change or dressing rooms with individual clothes storage facilities must be provided to prevent the contamination of street clothes with DBCP. Because of the hazardous nature of DBCP, contaminated protective clothing must be stored in closed containers for cleaning or disposal.
VII. Miscellaneous Precautions
A. Store DBCP in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area.
B. Use of supplied-air suits or other impervious clothing (such as acid suits) may be necessary to prevent skin contact with DBCP. Supplied-air suits should be selected, used, and maintained under the supervision of persons knowledgeable in the limitations and potential life-endangering characteristics of supplied-air suits.
C. The use of air-conditioned suits may be necessary in warmer climates.
D. Advise employees of all areas and operations where exposure to DBCP could occur.
VIII. Common Operations
Common operations in which exposure to DBCP is likely to occur are: during its production; and during its formulation into pesticides and fumigants.






Appendix C
Medical Surveillance Guidelines for DBCP

I. Route of Entry
Inhalation; skin and eye absorption, ingestion.
II. Toxicology
Recent data collected on workers involved in the manufacture and formulation of DBCP has shown that DBCP can cause sterility at very low levels of exposure. This finding is supported by studies showing that DBCP causes sterility in animals. Chronic exposure to DBCP resulted in pronounced necrotic action on the parenchymatous organs (i.e., liver, kidney, spleen) and on the testicles of rats at concentrations as low as 5 ppm. Rats that were chronically exposed to DBCP also showed changes in the composition of the blood, showing low RBC, hemoglobin, and WBC, and high reticulocyte levels as well as functional hepatic disturbance, manifesting itself in a long prothrombin time. Reznik et al. noted a single dose of 100 mg produced profound depression of the nervous system of rats. Their condition gradually improved. Acute exposure also resulted in the destruction of the sex gland activity of male rats as well as causing changes in the estrous cycle in female rats. Animal studies have also associated DBCP with an increased incidence of carcinoma. Olson, et al. orally administered DBCP to rats and mice 5 times per week at experimentally predetermined maximally tolerated doses. As early as ten weeks after initiation of treatment, DBCP induced a high incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the stomach with metastases in both species, DBCP also induced mammary adenocarcinomas in the female rats at both dose levels.
III. Signs and Symptoms
A. Airborne Exposure:Nausea, eye irritation, conjunctivitis, respiratory irritation, pulmonary congestion or edema, CNS depression with apathy, sluggishness, and ataxia.Nausea, eye irritation, conjunctivitis, respiratory irritation, pulmonary congestion or edema, CNS depression with apathy, sluggishness, and ataxia.
B. Skin Contact:Erythema or inflammation and dermatitis on repeated exposure.
IV. Special Tests
A. Semen analysis:The following information excerpted from the document "Evaluation of Testicular Function," submitted by the Corporate Medical Department of the Shell Oil Company (exhibit 39-3), may be useful to physicians conducting the medical surveillance program;
In performing semen analyses certain minimal but specific criteria should be met:
1. It is recommended that a minimum of three valid semen analyses be obtained in order to make a determination of an individual's average sperm count.
2. A period of sexual abstinence is necessary prior to the collection of each masturbatory sample. It is recommended that intercourse or masturbation be performed 48 hours before the actual specimen collection. A period of 48 hours of abstinence would follow; then the masturbatory sample would be collected.
3. Each semen specimen should be collected in a clean, widemouthed, glass jar (not necessarily pre-sterilized) in a manner designated by the examining physician. Any part of the seminal fluid exam should be initiatedonly after liquefaction is complete, i.e., 30 to 45 minutes after collection.
4. Semen volume should be measured to the nearest 1/10 of a cubic centimeter.
5. Sperm density should be determined using routine techniques involving the use of a white cell pipette and a hemocytometer chamber. The immobilizing fluid most effective and most easily obtained for this process is distilled water.

6. Thin, dry smears of the semen should be made for a morphologic classification of the sperm forms and should be stained with either hematoxylin or the more difficult, yet more precise, Papanicolaou technique.
Also of importance to record is obvious sperm agglutination, pyospermia, delayed liquefaction (greater than 30 minutes), and hyperviscosity. In addition, pH, using nitrazine paper, should be determined.
7. A total morphology evaluation should include percentages of the following:
a. Normal (oval) forms,
b. Tapered forms,
c. Amorphous forms (include large and small sperm shapes),
d. Duplicated (either heads or tails) forms, and
e. Immature forms.
8. Each sample should be evaluated for spermviability (percent viable sperm moving at the time of examination) as well as spermmotility (subjective characterization of "purposeful forward sperm progression" of the majority of those viable sperm analyzed) within two hours after collection, ideally by the same or equally qualified examiner.
B. Serum determinations: The following serum determinations should be performed by radioimmuno-assay techniques using National Institutes of Health (NIH) specific antigen or antigen preparations of equivalent sensitivity:
1. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH);
2. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH); and
3. Serum total estrogen (females only).
V. Treatment
Remove from exposure immediately, give oxygen or artificial resuscitation if indicated. Contaminated clothing and shoes be removed immediately. Flush eyes and wash contaminated skin. If swallowed and the person is conscious, induce vomiting. Recovery from mild exposures is usually rapid and complete.
VI. Surveillance and Preventive Considerations
A. Other considerations. DBCP can cause both acute and chronic effects. It is important that the physician become familiar with the operating conditions in which exposure to DBCP occurs. Those with respiratory disorders may not tolerate the wearing of negative pressure respirators.
B. Surveillance and screening. Medical histories and laboratory examinations are required for each employee subject to exposure to DBCP. The employer should screen employees for history of certain medical conditions (listed below) which might place the employee at increased risk from exposure.
1. Liver disease. The primary site of biotransformation and detoxification of DBCP is the liver. Liver dysfunctions likely to inhibit the conjugation reactions will tend to promote the toxic actions of DBCP. These precautions should be considered before exposing persons with impaired liver function to DBCP.
2. Renal disease. Because DBCP has been associated with injury to the kidney it is important that special consideration be given to those with possible impairment of renal function.
3. Skin disease. DBCP can penetrate the skin and can cause erythema on prolonged exposure. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of DBCP.
4. Blood dyscrasias. DBCP has been shown to decrease the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and leukocytes in the blood, as well as increase the prothrombin time. Persons with existing blood disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of DBCP.
5. Reproductive disorders. Animal studies have associated DBCP with various effects on the reproductive organs. Among these effects are atrophy of the testicles and changes in the estrous cycle. Persons with pre-existing reproductive disorders may be at increased risk to these effects of DBCP.
REFERENCES

1. Reznik, Ya. B. and Sprinchan, G. K.: Experimental Data on the Gonadotoxic effect of Nemagon, Gig. Sanit., (6), 1975, pp. 101-102, (translated from Russian).

2. Faydysh, E. V., Rakhmatullaev, N. N. and Varshavskii, V. A.: The Cytotoxic Action of Nemagon in a Subacute Experiment, Med. Zh. Uzbekistana, (No. 1), 1970, pp. 64-65, (translated from Russian).
3. Rakhmatullaev, N. N.: Hygienic Characteristics of the Nematocide Nemagon in Relation to Water Pollution Control, Hyg. Sanit., 36(3), 1971, pp. 344-348, (translated from Russian).
4. Olson, W. A. et al:Induction of Stomach Cancer in Rats and Mice by Halogenated Aliphatic Fumigants, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, (51), 1973, pp. 1993-1995.
5. Torkelson, T. R. et al: Toxicologic Investigations of 1,2 Dibromo-3- chloropropane, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 3, 1961, pp. 545-559.






s 5213. Acrylonitrile.
(a) Scope and Application.
(1) This section applies to all occupational exposures to acrylonitrile (AN), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 107131, except as provided in Sections 5213(a)(2) and (a)(3).

(2) This section does not apply to exposures which result solely from the processing, use, and handling of the following materials:
(A) Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) resins, nitrile barrier resins, solid nitrile elastomers, and acrylic and modacrylic fibers, when these listed materials are in the form of finished polymers, and products fabricated from such finished polymers;
(B) Materials made from and/or containing AN for which objective data is reasonably relied upon to demonstrate that the material is not capable of releasing AN in airborne concentrations in excess of 1 part per million of air by volume (1 ppm) as an 8-hour time-weighted average, under the expected conditions of processing, use, and handling which will cause the greatest possible release; and
(C) Solid materials made from and/or containing AN which will not be heated above 170<>F during handling, use, or processing.
(3) An employer relying upon exemption under Section 5213(a)(2)(B) shall maintain records of the objective data supporting that exemption, and of the basis of the employer's reliance on the data, as provided in Section 5213(q).
(4) The requirements of this section are subject to the provisions of the Occupational Carcingens Control Act of 1976 (Health and Safety Code, Division 20, Chapter 2).
(b) Definitions.
Acrylonitrile or AN. Acrylonitrile monomer; chemical formula, CH2 = CHCN.
Action level. A concentration of 1 part AN per million parts of air by volume (1 ppm) as an 8-hour time-weighted average.
Authorized Person. Any person specifically authorized by the employer and whose duties require the person to be present in areas where AN concentrations exceed the permissible exposure limit and any person entering this area as a designated representative of employees exercising an opportunity to observe employee exposure monitoring pursuant to Title 8 Cal. Admin. Code 340.1.
Chief. The Chief of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 420603, San Francisco, California 94142.
Decontamination. Treatment of materials and surfaces by water washdown, ventilation, or other means, to assure that the materials will not expose employees to airborne concentrations of AN above 1 ppm.
Director. The Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 5600 Fisher Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
Emergency. Any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment, which results in an unexpected massive release of AN.
Liquid AN. Acrylonitrile monomer in liquid form, and liquid or semiliquid polymer intermediates, including slurries, suspensions, emulsions, and solutions, produced during the polymerization of AN.
Qualitative fit testing. A procedure which tests for leakage at the juncture of the respirator facepiece and the wearer's face by determining whether or not the odor of a test agent is detectable by the respirator wearer while exposed to a test atmosphere.
Quantitative fit testing. A procedure using sophisticated instrumentation which measures the concentration of a test agent inside a respirator while worn in a test atmosphere of known concentration; the ratio of the concentration of the agent in the test atmosphere to its concentration inside the respirator provides a numerical value (the protection factor) indicative of the degree of protection afforded the wearer by the respirator.
(c) Exposure Limits.
(1) Permissible Exposure Limits -Inhalation.
(A) Time-Weighted Average Limit (TWA). The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to a concentration in excess of 2 parts acrylonitrile per million parts of air by volume (2 ppm) as an 8-hour time-weighted average.
(B) Ceiling Limit. The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to a concentration in excess of 10 parts acrylonitrile per million parts of air by volume (10 ppm) as averaged over any 15-minute period during the working day.
(2) Dermal and Eye Exposure. The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to skin or eye contact with liquid AN.
(d) Reporting of Use and Emergencies. See section 5203.
(e) Exposure Monitoring.
(1) General. Determinations of exposure levels shall be made from air samples that are representative of each employee's exposure to AN over an 8-hour period. (For the purposes of this subsection, employee exposure is that which would occur if the employee were not using a respirator.)
(2) Initial Monitoring. Within 30 days of the effective date of this standard (or within 30 days of the introduction of AN into the workplace), each employer who has a place of employment in which AN is present shall monitor each such workplace and work operation to accurately determine the concentrations of airborne AN to which employees may be exposed. Such monitoring may be done on a representative basis, provided that the employer can demonstrate that these determinations are representative of employee exposures.
Note: Monitoring conducted under the provisions of the temporary emergency standard for AN may be relied upon to meet this initial monitoring requirement.

(3) Frequency.
(A) If the monitoring required by this subsection reveals employee exposure to be below the action level, the employer may discontinue monitoring for that employee.
(B) If the monitoring required by this subsection reveals employee exposure to be at or above the action level but below the permissible exposure limits, the employer shall repeat monitoring for each such employee within three months. Quarterly measurements shall be continued until at least two consecutive measurements taken at least 7 days apart, are below the action level and thereafter monitoring may be discontinued for that employee.
(C) If the monitoring required by this subsection reveals employee exposure to be in excess of the permissible exposure limits, the employer shall repeat these determinations for each such employee at least monthly. The employer shall continue these monthly measurements until at least two consecutive measurements, taken at least seven (7) days apart, are below the permissible exposure limits, and thereafter the employer shall monitor at least quarterly.

(4) Additional Monitoring. Whenever there has been a production, process, control, or personnel change which may result in new or increased exposures to AN, or whenever the employer has any reason to suspect a change which may result in new or increased exposures to AN, additional monitoring which complies with this subsection shall be conducted.
(5) Employee Notification.
(A) Within five (5) working days after the receipt of monitoring results, the employer shall notify each employee in writing of the results which represent that employee's exposure.
(B) Whenever the results indicate that the representative employee exposure exceeds the permissible exposure limits, the employer shall include in the written notice a statement that the permissible exposure limits were exceeded and a description of the corrective action being taken to reduce exposure to or below the permissible exposure limits.
(6) Accuracy of Measurement. The method of measurement shall be accurate, to a confidence level of 95 percent, to within plus or minus 35 percent for concentrations of AN at or above the permissible exposure limits, and to within plus or minus 50 percent for concentrations of AN below the permissible exposure limits.
(f) Regulated Areas.
(1) The employer shall establish regulated areas where AN concentrations are in excess of the permissible exposure limits.
(2) Regulated areas shall be demarcated and segregated from the rest of the workplace, in any manner that minimizes the number of persons who will be exposed to AN.
(3) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons.
(4) The employer shall assure that food or beverages are not present or consumed, tobacco products are not present or used, and cosmetics are not applied in the regulated area.
(g) Methods of Compliance.
(1) Engineering and Work Practice Controls.

(A) By November 2, 1980, the employer shall institute engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposures to AN, to or below the permissible exposure limits, except to the extent that such controls are not feasible.
(B) Wherever the engineering and work practice controls which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposures to or below the permissible exposure limits, the employer shall nonetheless use them to reduce exposures to the lowest levels achievable by these controls, and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protection which complies with the requirements of Section 5213(h).
(2) Compliance Program.
(A) The employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce employee exposures to or below the permissible exposure limits solely by means of engineering and work practice controls as required by Section 5213(g)(1).
(B) Written plans for these compliance programs shall be established within 60 days from the effective date of this standard and shall include at least the following:
1. A description of each operation or process resulting in employee exposure to AN above the permissible exposure limits;
2. An outline of the nature of the engineering controls and work practices to be applied to the operation or process in question;
3. A report of the technology considered in meeting the permissible exposure limits;
4. A schedule for implementation of engineering and work practice controls for operation or process, which shall project completion no later than November 2, 1980; and
5. Any other relevant information.
(C) The employer shall complete the steps set forth in the compliance program by the dates in the schedule.
(D) Written plans shall be submitted to the Chief upon the request of authorized representatives of the Chief and shall be available at the workplace for examination and copying by such authorized representatives or by any affected employee or employee representative.
(E) The plans required by this subsection shall be revised and updated at least every 6 months to reflect the current status of the program.
(h) Respiratory Protection.
(1) General. For employees who are required to use respirators by this section, the employer must provide respirators that comply with the requirements of this subsection. Respirators must be used during:
(A) Periods necessary to install or implement feasible engineering and work practice controls;
(B) Work operations, such as maintenance and repair activities or reactor cleaning, in which the employer establishes that engineering and work practice controls are not feasible;
(C) Work operations for which feasible engineering and work practice controls are not yet sufficient to reduce exposure to or below the permissible exposure limits; and
(D) Emergencies.
(2) Respirator program.
(A) The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with section 5144 (b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(C), and (d)(3)(C)2.a. and b.), and (f) through (m).
(B) If air-purifying respirators (chemical-cartridge or chemical canister type) are used:
1. The air-purifying canister or cartridge must be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or at the completion of each shift, whichever occurs first.
2. A label must be attached to the cartridge or canister to indicate the date and time at which it is first installed on the respirator.

(3) Respirator selection. The employer must select the appropriate respirator from the following table:

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR AIRBORNE ACRYLONITRILE
Concentration of
Acrylonitrile
or Condition of Use Respirator Type
1. Any concentration a. Any chemical cartridge respirator
not greater
than 20 ppm. with organic vapor cartridge and
half-mask; or
b. Any supplied-air respirator
with half-mask.
2. Any concentration a. Full facepiece respirator with
not greater
than 100 ppm or the vapor cartridge, organic vapor gas
maximum use
concentration (MUC) of mask(chin style), or organic vapor
cartridges

or canisters, whichever gas mask canister (front- or
is lower.
back-mounted);
b. Any supplied-air respirator with full
facepiece; or
c. Any self-contained breathing
apparatus with full facepiece.
3. Any concentration a. Supplied-air respirator in positive-
not greater
than 4,000 ppm. pressure mode with full facepiece,
helmet, hood, or suit.
4. Greater than 4,000 a. Supplied-air respirator and auxiliary
ppm or
unknown concentration. self-contained breathing apparatus
with full facepiece in positive-
pressure mode; or
b. Self-contained breathing apparatus with full
facepiece in positive-
pressure mode.
5. Firefighting. a. Self-contained breathing apparatus
with full facepiece in positive-

pressure mode.
6. Escape. a. Any organic vapor respirator; or
b. Any self-contained breathing
apparatus.


(i) Emergencies. Within fifteen (15) days of the effective date of this section, a written plan for emergency situations shall be developed for each workplace where liquid AN is present. The plan shall address, as a minimum, the implementation of the requirements of this subsection. Within 45 days of the effective date of this section, all elements of the emergency plan shall have been implemented.
(1) Written Procedures. Specific, written procedures prescribing the course of action to be followed in an emergency shall be posted in those areas of the workplace where liquid AN is present.
(A) The procedure shall require that employees involved in the abatement of an emergency be equipped with specific items of respiratory protective equipment and personal protective clothing appropriate to the emergency conditions.

(B) All employees potentially affected by an emergency shall be thoroughly familiarized with the emergency procedure and shall be instructed in the performance of their assigned or potential role in an emergency.
(C) Twin-headed eyewash fountains supplied with potable running water shall be installed near, within sight of, and on the same level with locations where eye contact with liquid AN would be likely to occur as the result of equipment failure or improper work practice.
(D) Necessary emergency equipment, including appropriate respiratory protective devices, shall be stored in readily accessible locations.
(E) Employees not engaged in correcting the emergency shall be evacuated from the area and shall not be permitted to return until the emergency is abated.
(F) Hazardous conditions created by the emergency shall be eliminated and the potentially affected area shall be decontaminated prior to the resumption of normal operations.
(2) Emergency Alarm. Where there is the possibility of employee exposure to AN in excess of the ceiling limit due to the occurrence of an emergency, a general alarm shall be installed, maintained, and used to promptly alert employees of such occurrence.
(j) Protective Clothing and Equipment.
(1) Provision and Use. Where eye or skin contact with liquid AN may occur, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee, and assure that employees wear, impermeable protective clothing or other equipment such as protective eye and face equipment, in accordance with Article 10, to protect any area of the body which may come in contact with liquid AN.
(2) Cleaning and Replacement.
(A) The employer shall clean, launder, maintain, or replace protective clothing and equipment required by this section as needed to maintain their effectiveness.
(B) The employer shall assure that impermeable protective clothing which contacts or is likely to have contacted liquid AN shall be decontaminated before being removed by the employee.

(C) The employer shall assure that an employee whose nonimpermeable clothing becomes wetted with liquid AN shall immediately remove that clothing and proceed to shower. The clothing shall be decontaminated before it is removed from the regulated area.
(D) The employer shall assure that no employee removes protective clothing or equipment from the change room, except for those employees authorized to do so for the purpose of laundering, maintenance, or disposal.
(E) The employer shall inform any person who launders or cleans protective clothing or equipment of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to AN.
(k) Housekeeping.
(1) All surfaces shall be maintained free of visible accumulations of liquid AN.
(2) For operations involving liquid AN, the employer shall institute a program for detecting leaks and spills of liquid AN, including regular visual inspections.

(3) Where spills of liquid AN are detected, the employer shall assure that surfaces contacted by the liquid AN are decontaminated. Employees not engaged in decontamination activities shall leave the area of the spill, and shall not be permitted in the area until decontamination is completed.
(l) Waste Disposal. Acrylonitrile-contaminated waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, or equipment shall be decontaminated before being incorporated in the general waste disposal system.
(m) Hygiene Facilities and Practices.
(1) Where employees are exposed to airborne concentrations of AN above the permissible exposure limits, or where employees are required to wear protective clothing or equipment pursuant to Section 5213(j), the facilities required by Article 9, including clean change rooms and shower facilities, shall be provided by the employer for the use of those employees, and the employer shall assure that the employees use the facilities provided.
(2) The employer shall assure that employees wearing protective clothing or equipment for protection from skin contact with liquid AN shall shower at the end of the work shift.

(3) The employer shall assure that, in the event of skin or eye exposure to liquid AN, the affected employee shall shower immediately to minimize the danger of skin absorption.
(4) The employer shall assure that employees working in the regulated area wash their hands and faces prior to eating.
(n) Medical Surveillance.
(1) General.
(A) The employer shall institute a program of medical surveillance for each employee who is or will be exposed to AN at or above the action level, without regard to the use of respirators. The employer shall provide each such employee with an opportunity for medical examinations and tests in accordance with this paragraph.
(B) The employer shall assure that all medical examinations and procedures are performed by or under the supervision of a California-licensed physician and that they shall be provided without cost to the employee.

(2) Initial Examinations. Within thirty (30) days of the effective date of this section, or thereafter at the time of initial assignment, the employer shall provide each affected employee an opportunity for a medical examination, including at least the following elements:
(A) A work history and medical history with special attention to skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, and those nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, or other central nervous system dysfunctions that may be associated with acute or chronic exposure to AN;
(B) A comprehensive physical examination giving particular attention to the peripheral and central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, skin, and thyroid;
(C) Posterior-anterior chest X-ray (14- by 17-inch); and
(D) Further tests of the intestinal tract, including fecal occult blood screening, for all workers 40 years of age or older, and for any other affected employees for whom, in the opinion of the physician, such testing is appropriate.
Note: Medical surveillance conducted under the provisions of the temporary emergency standard for AN may be relied upon by the employer to meet this initial medical surveillance requirement.
(3) Periodic Examinations.
(A) The employer shall provide the examinations prescribed by Section 5213(n)(2) at least annually for all employees specified in Section 5213(n)(1).
(B) If an employee has not had the examination specified in Section 5213(n)(2) within 6 months preceding termination of employment, the employer shall make such examination available to the employee prior to such termination.
(4) Additional Examinations. If the employee for any reason develops signs or symptoms which may be associated with exposure to AN, the employer shall provide an appropriate examination and emergency medical treatment.
(5) Information Provided to the Physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician:

(A) A copy of this standard and its appendices;
(B) A description of the affected employee's duties as the relate to the employee's exposure;
(C) The employee's representative exposure level;
(D) The employee's anticipated or estimated exposure level (for preplacement examinations or in cases of exposure due to an emergency);
(E) A description of any personal protective equipment used or to be used; and
(F) Information from previous medical examinations of the affected employee which is not otherwise available to the examining physician.
(6) Physician's Written Opinion.
(A) The employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physician which shall include:

1. The results of the medical examination and tests performed insofar as such findings relate to occupational exposure to AN;
2. The physician's opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical condition(s) which would place the employee at an increased risk of material impairment of the employee's health from exposure to AN;
3. Any recommended limitations upon the employee's exposure to AN or upon the use of protective clothing and equipment such as respirators; and
4. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the medical examination and any medical conditions which require further examination or treatment.
(B) The employer shall instruct the physician not to reveal in the written opinion specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure to AN.
(C) The employer shall provide a copy of the written opinion to the affected employee.
(o) Employee Information and Training.
(1) Training Program.
(A) Within 60 days of the effective date of this section, the employer shall institute a training program for, and assure the participation of, all employees exposed to AN above the action level, all employees whose exposures are maintained below the action level by engineering and work practice controls, and all employees subject to potential skin or eye contact with liquid AN.
(B) Training shall be provided at the time of initial assignment, or upon institution of the training program, and at least annually thereafter, and the employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following:
1. The information contained in Appendices A and B;
2. The quantity, location, manner of use, release, or storage of AN, and the specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to AN, as well as any necessary protective steps;

3. The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators and protective clothing;
4. The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program required by Section 5213(n);
5. The emergency procedures developed, as required by Section 5213(i);
6. First-aid measures for acute exposure to AN;
7. Engineering and work practice controls, their function, and the employee's relationship to these controls; and
8. A review of this standard.
(2) Access to Training Materials.
(A) The employer shall make a copy of this section and its appendices readily available to all affected employees and employee representatives.
(B) All materials relating to the employee information and training program shall be provided, upon request, to authorized representatives of the Chief.
(p) Signs and Labels.
(1) General.
(A) The employer may use labels or signs required by other statutes, regulations, or ordinances in addition to, or in combination with, signs and labels required by this subsection.
(B) The employer shall assure that no statement appears on or near any sign or label required by this paragraph which contradicts or detracts from the required sign or label.
(2) Signs.
(A) The employer shall post signs to clearly indicate all workplaces where AN concentrations exceed the permissible exposure limits. The signs shall bear the following legend:
DANGER ACRYLONITRILE (AN) CANCER HAZARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY RESPIRATOR
REQUIRED

(B) The employer shall assure that signs required by this paragraph are illuminated and cleaned as necessary so that the legend is readily visible.
(3) Labels.
(A) The employer shall assure that precautionary labels are affixed to all containers of liquid AN and AN-based materials not exempted under Section 5213(a)(2). The employer shall assure that the labels remain affixed when the materials are sold, distributed, or otherwise leave the employer's workplace.
(B) The employer shall assure that the precautionary labels required by this paragraph are readily visible and legible. The labels shall bear the following legend:
DANGER CONTAINS ACRYLONITRILE (AN) CANCER HAZARD

(q) Recordkeeping.
(1) Objective Data for Exempted Operations.

(A) Where the processing, use, or handling of materials made from or containing AN are exempted pursuant to Section 5213(a)(2)(B), the employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of objective data reasonably relied upon in support of the exemption.
(B) This record shall include at least the following information:
1. The material qualifying for exemption;
2. The source of the objective data;
3. The testing protocol, results of testing, and/or analysis of the material for the release of AN;
4. A description of the operation exempted and how the data supports the exemption; and
5. Other data relevant to the operations, materials, and processing covered by the exemption.

(C) The employer shall maintain this record for the duration of the employer's reliance upon such objective data.
(2) Exposure Monitoring.
(A) The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of all monitoring required by Section 5213(e).
(B) This record shall include:
1. The dates, number, duration, and results of each of the samples taken, including a description of the sampling procedure used to determine representative employee exposure;
2. A description of the sampling and analytical methods used and the data relied upon to establish that the methods used meet the accuracy and precision requirements of Section 5213(e)(6);
3. Type of respiratory protective devices worn, if any; and
4. Name, social security number, and job classification of the employee monitored and of all other employees whose exposure the measurement is intended to represent.
(C) The employer shall maintain this record for at least forty (40) years, or for the duration of employment plus twenty (20) years, whichever is longer.
(3) Medical Surveillance.
(A) The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveillance as required by Section 5213(n).
(B) This record shall include:
1. A copy of the physician's written opinions;
2. Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to AN;
3. A copy of the information provided to the physician as required by Section 5213(n)(5); and
4. A copy of the employee's medical and work history.

(C) The employer shall assure that this record be maintained for at least forty (40) years, or for the duration of employment plus twenty (20) years, whichever is longer.
(4) Availability of Records.
(A) The employer shall make all records required to be maintained by this subsection available, upon request, to authorized representatives of the Chief and the Director for examination and copying.
(B) Records required by Sections 5213(q)(1)-(3) shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and authorized representatives of the Chief in accordance with Section 3204. Records required by Section 5213(q)(1) shall be provided a collective bargaining agent in the same manner as exposure monitoring records under Section 3204.
(5) Transfer of Records.
(A) Whenever the employer ceases to do business, the successor employer shall receive and retain all records required to be maintained by this subsection for the prescribed period.
(B) Whenever the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor employer to receive and retain the records for the prescribed period, these records shall be transmitted to the Director.
(C) At the expiration of the retention period for the records required to be maintained pursuant to this section, the employer shall notify the Director at least 3 months prior to the disposal of the records, and shall transmit them to the Director upon request.
(D) The employer shall also comply with any additional requirements involving the transfer of records set forth in Section 3204.
(r) Observation of Monitoring. During any observation of monitoring by an affected employee or employees, or their representative, pursuant to Title 8, California Administrative Code, Section 340.1, the employer shall provide the observer with personal protective clothing or equipment required to be worn by employees working in the area, assure the use of such clothing and equipment, and require the observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.
(s) Appendices. The information contained in the appendices to this standard is not intended, by itself, to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed by the standard or to detract from any such obligation.


Note: Authority cited: Sections 142.3, 9020, 9030 and 9040, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3, 9004(d), 9009, 9020, 9030, 9031 and 9040, Labor Code.






Appendix A
Substance Safety Sheet for Acrylonitrile

I. Substance Identification

A. Substance: Acrylonitrile (CH2 = CHCN).
B. Synonyms: Acrylic nitrile; vinyl cyanide; cyanoethylene; AN; VCN; Acrylon; Carbacryl; Fumigrain; Ventox; propenenitrile.
C. Acrylonitrile can be found as a liquid or vapor, and can also be found in polymer resins, plastics, polyols, and other polymers having acrylonitrile as a raw or intermediate material.
D. AN is used in the manufacture of acrylic and modacrylic fibers, acrylic plastics and resins,specialty polymers, nitrile rubbers, and other organic chemicals. It has also been used as a fumigant. (continued)