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(continued)
(b) Hoods or guards on feed rolls shall be constructed of suitable material, as specified in Section 3942, preferably metal. The bottom of the guard shall come down to within 3/8-inch of the plane formed by the bottom or working surfaces of the feed rolls. This distance (3/8-inch) may be increased to 3/4-inch, provided the lead edge of the hood is extended to be not less than 5 1/2-inches in front of the nip point between the front roll and the work.
(c) A spreader shall be fastened securely to the saw. It shall be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 4296.
(d) Every self-feed circular ripsaw shall be equipped with an anti-kickback device installed on the infeed side. Such an anti-kickback device shall be designed to be effective for all thicknesses of material and shall extend the full width of the rolls.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4302. Circular Knives and Crosscut Saws (Class B).
(a) A hood shall be used that will cover the saw blade to at least the depth of the teeth or cover the cutting edge of the circular knife.
(b) The hood shall automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut at the point where the stock encounters the saw or knife blade, or
(c) May be a fixed or manually adjusted hood or guard provided the space between the bottom of the guard and the material being cut does not exceed 1/2 inch.
Exception: Circular crosscut saws with stationary table where the saw blade moves forward when cutting (e.g. cut-off saws and radial arm saws).
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4303. Cordwood and Similar Saws (Class B).
All unused portions of the saw blade shall be guarded.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4304. Box Shook Cut-off Saws (California Cut-off Saws).
Box shook cut-off saws shall be guarded either by a hood or splitter-type guard. Either type guard shall cover the top back quarter of the saw blade and shall be kept adjusted close to the saw blade.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4305. Swing Cut-Off Saws and Sliding Cut-Off Saws Mounted Above the Table.
(a) The saw blade shall be encased on both sides in such a way that at least the upper half of the blade and the arbor end will be completely covered.
(b) There shall be an effective device to return the saw automatically to the back of the table when released at any point of its travel; such device shall prevent saw from rebounding and shall not depend on fibre rope, cord, or a spring for its functioning.
(c) If a counterweight is used all bolts supporting the bar and weight shall be provided with nuts and cotter pins. A bolt shall be put through the extreme end of counterweight bar, or where the weight does not enclose the rod, a safety chain shall be attached to the counterweight.
(d) Limit chains or other positive stops shall be provided to prevent the saw blade from swinging beyond the front edge of the table, or the table shall be extended beyond the swing of the saw blade.
(e) Where it is possible to pass behind a swing cut-off saw the rear of the saw shall be completely housed when the saw blade is in its back position. The housing shall enclose the swing frame as well as the saw blade.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4306. Underhung Swing Cut-Off Saws, Inverted Swing Cut-Off Saws, Jump Saws, Underslung Saws.
(a) All saws shall be effectively guarded above and below the table or roll case. The saw blade shall be fully enclosed when in the extreme back position, and the swing frame shall not pass the vertical position when at its extreme forward limit. A positive stop shall be furnished so that the saw cannot pass the front edge of the table.
(b) A hood-type guard shall cover the blade and extend at least 2 inches in front of the saw teeth when the blade is in the back position and the guard shall be securely fastened to the table.
(c) A traveling guard shall be provided that moves with the blade over the material and covers the exposed part of the blade above the material.
(d) The width of the hood of jump saws shall be limited so as to provide not more than 1/4-inch clearance on each side of the blade.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4307. Portable Power Driven Circular Hand Saws.
(a) The teeth on the upper half of the blade shall be permanently shielded from contact.
(b) The lower half (point of operation) of the saw blade shall be guarded to the root of the teeth with a telescopic or hinged guard that, for normal operation, opens up as the saw is fed into the cut and automatically returns to the position covering the saw teeth when removed from the cut.
Exception: The guard described in subsection (b) is not required on hand-held portable powered cut-off saws used by fire/rescue personnel for rescue procedures and/or roof ventilation for smoke removal provided the operator is wearing appropriate eye, face, head and body protection as specified in Articles 10 and 10.1 of the General Industry Safety Orders. This exception also applies to qualified persons (e.g. instructors) wearing personal protective equipment as described herein to instruct personnel in safe roof ventilation/rescue techniques.
(1) Telescopic guards shall be equipped with a lifting lug or lever, remote from the blade teeth, that will permit the operator to safely shift the guard for starting unusual cuts.
(2) Saws with hinged guards shall be equipped with 2 handles so arranged that neither hand is exposed to the hazard of the rotating blade. One handle shall be on the hinged guard, and of such design that its use will avoid exposure of the hand or fingers between the retracted guard and the blade.
(c) Guards shall not be prevented from operating automatically by pins, wedges, or other devices that hold them back in an inoperative position.
(d) Saws with hazardous defects, such as damaged guards or switches, shall be removed from service until repairs are complete.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4307.1. Miter Saws.
(a)(1) With the carriage in the full cut position as depicted in Figures A and B, a guard shall enclose the upper half of the blade and at least 50 percent of the arbor end.
Exception : The guard may have an opening for ejection of sawdust provided the opening is located beyond the outer circumference of the blade, or is located in such a manner that a 1/2 inch diameter probe inserted 2The guard may have an opening for ejection of sawdust provided the opening is located beyond the outer circumference of the blade, or is located in such a manner that a 1/2 inch diameter probe inserted 2 1/2 inches into the opening cannot contact the blade.
(2) The saw power shall be disconnected before cleaning or unjamming the guard opening designed for the ejection of sawdust.
(b) With the carriage in the full retract (raised) position as depicted in Figures A and B, the periphery of the lower blade teeth shall be fully guarded and the guard shall extend at least 3/4 of an inch radially inward beyond the root of the teeth.Exceptions : 1. Saws with guards that shield the lower blade and teeth on both sides may have the necessary opening between the lower blade guards to allow the blade teeth to make contact with the material being cut. 2. Lower blade guards may also have a side slot up to 1-1/2 inches in width on the motor side extending from the motor-shaft to the bottom of the guard, for motor-shaft clearance. 3. Blade exposure as depicted in Figures A and B is allowed in the lower blade quadrant furthest away from the operator's side of the saw, provided the blade exposure does not exceed 45 degrees within the quadrant.
(c) Employers shall instruct employees to keep hands and fingers outside the area below the blade until the blade has come to a complete stop.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4308. Circular Knives.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4309. Horizontal Pull Saws (Radial Arm Saw).
(a) The saw blade shall be encased on both sides in such a way that at least the upper half of the blade and the arbor ends will be completely covered.
(b) Limit chains or other positive means shall be used to prevent the saw blade from moving beyond the front edge of the table. Such limiting devices shall be so designed and located that they can be easily inspected and they shall be maintained in good condition.
(c) Where saw is used for ripping purposes, there shall be an anti-kickback device installed. Such a device shall be designed to be effective for any thickness and width of the stock to be cut. Where automatic feeding devices are used they shall be guarded.
(d) There shall be an effective device which will return the saw automatically to the back of the table when released at any point of its travel; such a device shall prevent the saw from rebounding. As an alternative, the front of the table shall be raised to a height that will cause the saw to return to the rear of the table without rebounding.
(e) When a saw is designed for ripping or ploughing, such operations shall be against the direction in which the saw blade turns, and the direction of the saw rotation shall be conspicuously marked on the hood. In addition, a permanent label not less than 1-1/2 inches by 3/4-inch shall be affixed to both sides of the rear of the guard at approximately the level of the arbor, reading as follows: DO NOT RIP FROM THIS END, or equivalent wording.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4310. Band Knives and Band Saws.
(a) Band knives and band saws (including band resaws having saw blades less than 7 inches in width or band wheels less than 5 feet in diameter) shall be guarded as follows:
(1) All portions of the saw or knife blade shall be enclosed or guarded except that portion between the bottom of the guide rolls and the table. The guard shall be kept adjusted as close as possible to the table without interfering with movement of the stock. The down travel guard from the upper wheel to the guide rolls shall be so adjusted that the blade will travel within the angle or channel.
Exception: For meat band saw blade guarding requirements see Section 4543 of these Orders.
(2) Band saw wheels shall be fully enclosed.
(3) Feed rolls of band resaws and band ripsaws shall be protected with a semicylindrical guard to prevent the hands of the employee from coming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point.
(4) The guard shall be constructed of heavy material, preferably metal and the edge of the guard shall come to within 1/2-inch of the plane formed by the inside face of the feed roll in contact with the stock being cut.
(b) A blade tension control device with indicator shall be provided and used on all band saws.
(c) Band saws and band knives shall not be run at speeds in excess of the manufacturers recommended speed.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4311. Jointers and Hand Fed Planers.
(a) All jointers and hand fed planers shall be equipped with cylindrical cutting heads, the knife of which shall not project more than 1/8-inch.
(b) A suitable guard which will automatically adjust itself to cover that portion of the cutting head not protected by material in process shall be used. The guard shall be capable of protecting the entire length of the cutting space in the table.
(c) The exposed portion of the cutting head at the rear of the fence shall be covered.
(d) Where equipped with automatic feed, the feeding mechanism shall be guarded.
(e) Where knives are exposed beneath the table, they shall be guarded.
(f) A push stick of suitable design shall be provided and used.
(g) The opening in the table shall be kept as small as possible. The clearance between the edge of the rear table and the cutter head shall be not more than 1/8-inch. The table throat opening shall be not more than 2-1/2 inches when tables are set or aligned with each other for zero cut.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4312. Belt Sanders (Class B).
Belt sanders shall have both pulleys and the unused run of the sanding belt enclosed. Rim guards will be acceptable for pulleys with smooth disc wheels provided that in-running nip points are guarded.
Exception: Portable belt sanding machines provided with: (1) Guarding on one side at the nip point where the sanding belt runs onto a pulley. (2) Handles located so that a barrier interrupts any straight line path between the gripping surface of a handle and the nip point of a pulley; and, (3) The unused run of the sanding belt guarded on one side and at the rear.
Note: Guards on stationary belt sanders may be hinged to permit sanding on the pulley.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4313. Disc Sanders.
Disc sanders shall have the periphery and back of revolving disc guarded, and the space between revolving disc and edge of table shall not be greater than 1/4-inch.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4314. Drum Sanders.
(a) The exposed parts of the drum, except that portion where the material comes in contact with the abrasive surfaces, shall be guarded.
(b) Feed rolls and pressure rolls shall be enclosed except such part as may be necessary to feed stock.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4315. Elbow Sanders.
The revolving head shall be fully guarded except where the abrasive comes in contact with the material.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4316. Boring and Mortising Machines.
(a) Boring bits shall be provided with a guard that will enclose all portions of the bit and chuck above the material being worked.
(b) The top of the cutting chain and driving mechanism on chain mortisers shall be enclosed.
(c) Where counterweights are used, one of the following or equivalent means shall be used to prevent the counterweights from dropping:
(1) It shall be bolted to the bar by means of a bolt passing through both bar and counterweight; or
(2) A bolt shall be put through the extreme end of the bar; or
(3) Where the counterweight does not encircle the bar, a safety chain shall be attached to it.
(d) Bolts used to hold counterweights shall be equipped with nuts and cotter pins.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4317. Tenoning Machines.
Cutting heads and saw blades of tenoning machines shall be guarded.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4318. Planing, Moulding, Sticking, and Matching Machines.
(a) Each planing, molding, sticking and matching machine shall have all cutting heads, and saw blades, if used, covered by a metal guard. If such guard is constructed of sheet metal, the material used shall not be less than 1/16- inch in thickness, and if cast iron is used, it shall not be less than 3/16- inch in thickness.
(b) Where an exhaust system is used, the guards shall form part or all of the exhaust hood and shall be constructed of metal of a thickness not less than that specified in Section 4318(a).
(c) Feed rolls shall be guarded by a hood or suitable guard to prevent the hands of the operator from coming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point. The guard shall be fastened to the frame carrying the rolls so as to remain in adjustment for any thickness of stock.
(d) Surfacers or planers used in thicknessing multiple pieces of material simultaneously shall be provided with sectional infeed rolls having sufficient yield in the construction of the sections to provide feeding contact pressure on the stock, over the permissible range of variation in stock thickness specified or for which the machine is designed. In lieu of such yielding sectional rolls, suitable anti-kickback devices shall be provided at the infeed end.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4318.1. Wood Shapers and Similar Equipment (Class B).
(a) The cutting heads of each wood shaper, hand-fed panel raiser, or other similar machine not automatically fed, shall be enclosed with a cage or adjustable guard so designed as to keep the operator's hand away from the cutting edge. The diameter of circular shaper guards shall be not less than the greatest diameter of the cutter. In no case shall a warning device of leather or other material attached to the spindle be acceptable.
(b) All double-spindle shapers shall be provided with a spindle starting and stopping device for each spindle.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4319. Automatic Lathes (Shoe Last, Spoke and All Other Automatic Lathes of the Rotating Knife Type).
(a) A hood or cover shall completely enclose the cutter blades while the stock is being worked. Hood or cover shall be of not less than 1/8-inch sheet steel.
(b) Shoe last and spoke lathes, doweling machines, wood heel turning machines, and other automatic wood-turning lathes of the rotating knife type shall be equipped with hoods enclosing the cutter blades completely except at the contact points while the stock is being cut.
(c) Lathes used for turning long pieces of wood stock held only between the two centers shall be equipped with long curved guards extending over the tops of the lathes in order to prevent the work pieces from being thrown out of the machines.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4320. Combination Woodworking Machines (Class B).
Each point of operation of any tool shall be guarded as required for such tool in a separate machine. Such machines shall be equipped with a separate starting and stopping device for each point of operation.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4321. Cracked Saws.
Any band saw, band knife, circular saw or circular knife blade found to have developed a crack shall be removed from service until the width or diameter is so reduced as to eliminate the crack or the cracked section is repaired and the tension corrected.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4322. Speed of Circular Saw Blades or Knives.
Circular saw blades or knives shall not be operated at speeds in excess of those recommended by the manufacturer.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4323. Wobble Saws.
Wobble saws shall not be used.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4324. Exhaust Systems.
(a) Suitable exhaust systems shall be required whenever the chips and sawdust produced by woodworking machines accumulate on the floor so as to endanger employees.
(b) Where an exhaust system is used the guard shall form part or all of the exhaust hood and shall be constructed of a suitable solid material of a thickness not less than that specified in Section 3943.
(c) Provision for the removal of refuse shall be made in all operations not required to have an exhaust system or having refuse too heavy, bulky, or otherwise unsuitable to be handled by the exhaust system.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4325. Heading Bolt Sawing Machine.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4342. Scope.
The requirements of this Article apply to mobile refuse and trash collection equipment.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4343. Definitions.
Hoist Equipment. The hoist arms, chains, and frame used to elevate, support, transport, dump, and unload refuse containers. Hoisting equipment is mounted on an engine-powered cab and chassis.
Refuse Collection Vehicle. An engine-powered cab and chassis upon which mobile equipment is mounted for the receiving, compacting, transporting, and unloading of refuse, or for the receiving, transporting, and unloading of containers.
Refuse Container. A receptacle that receives and holds refuse for unloading by mechanical means into the body of a refuse collection vehicle, or used in conjunction with tilt-frame and hoist equipment.
Tailgate. The hinged gate or door(s) that closes the rear of the body of a refuse collection vehicle.
Tilt-Frame Equipment. The tilt frame, tilt-frame support equipment, hoisting devices, tilt cylinders, and controls for operating the tilt-frame and hoisting devices for loading, dumping, and unloading refuse containers.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4344. Refuse and Trash Collection Equipment.
(a) Mobile collection equipment which compacts refuse shall meet the applicable requirements of Article 61.
(b) Every refuse collection vehicle shall be equipped with a back-up warning device or other method as required by Section 3706(b).
(c) The surfaces and edges of steps shall be slip-resistant and self-cleaning.
(d) Grab handles shall be provided in conjunction with riding steps and be so located as to provide employees with a safe and comfortable riding stance.
(e) The maximum height of the loading sill on curb service manual side-loading collection equipment shall be 42 inches above the standing/loading surface.
(f) Automatic visual or audible warning devices shall be installed in the cab to indicate when any part of container-lifting mechanism, hopper covers, body, or tailgate is not in the safe position for travel, or other effective means shall be provided to prevent the vehicle from travelling when not in a travel mode.
(g) The locking mechanism of unloading doors shall be designed to limit their sudden opening upon being unlatched to protect employees from being struck by the doors.
(h) For side-hinged tailgate door(s), devices shall be provided to secure the tailgate in the open position to prevent it from swinging freely when refuse is being unloaded.
(i) Adequate illumination of the loading/unloading location shall be assured.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4345. Hoist and Tilt-Frame Refuse and Trash Collection Equipment.
(a) Hoist and tilt-frame equipment placed in service on or after December 2, 1998, which is used for handling refuse containers, shall be equipped with a permanent plate or marking which states the equipment is designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable sections of ANSI Z245.1-1992, "American National Standard for Refuse Collection, Processing, and Disposal Equipment-Mobile Refuse Collection and Compaction Equipment-Safety Requirements."
(b) Hoist and tilt-frame equipment placed in service before December 2, 1998 which is used for handling refuse containers shall be equipped with a permanent plate or marking which states the equipment is designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable ANSI Z245.1 standard in effect at the time the equipment was manufactured.
(c) Every hoist and tilt-frame vehicle shall be equipped with a back-up warning device or other method as required by Section 3706(b).
(d) Employees shall not be permitted to ride on any part of the vehicle other than in the cab when the hoist or tilt-frame equipment is in motion.
(e) The controls of hoist or tilt-frame equipment shall not be actuated if any employee is in a position to be endangered by the movement resulting from that actuation.
Figure RC-1 Hoist-Type Equipment
Figure RC-2 Tilt-Frame Equipment
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4350. Scope.
The requirements of this Article apply to stationary and mobile compaction equipment and balers as defined in Section 4351. Excluded are stationary compactors at solid waste transfer stations.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4351. Definitions.
Access Cover, Balers and Compactors. The panel(s) located on the baler or compactor that when opened permits access to the inside of the baler or compactor for the purpose of loading the baler or compactor.
Access Door, Baler. A hinged or sliding panel that allows access to the inside of the baler for the purpose of regular servicing and/or maintenance.
Access Door, Mobile Compactors. A panel covering an opening located on the body of mobile equipment that is designed to permit access by a person to the inside of the body for the purpose of service or maintenance.
Access Door, Stationary Compactors. A panel covering an opening that is designed to permit access by a person to the interior of the stationary compactor for the purpose of service or maintenance.
Automatic Cycling Control. A control that initiates the operation of a stationary compactor by an automatic actuator sensor on demand when refuse is loaded into the charging chamber and continues to cycle until signaled to stop.
Bale. A large closely pressed package of material which is bound and/or wrapped.
Baler. A form of compaction equipment which compresses loose material into compact bales and secures them for binding or wrapping.
Body. The refuse-carrying portion of mobile equipment. For rear-loading compacting equipment, the body does not include the tailgate.
Compaction Equipment, Mobile. Powered equipment which receives loose material and compresses the material by the action of a moving device into the body of the vehicle.
Compaction Equipment, Stationary. Powered equipment which receives loose material and compresses the material by the action of a ram or tramper into a portable container or into a smaller, compact mass which may be bound or wrapped.
Deadman Control. A control that requires continuous pressure by the operator.
Ejector Panel. The movable panel used for ejecting the compacted refuse from the body of mobile collection and compaction equipment. For front loaders and some side loaders the ejector panel is also the packer panel.
Loading Sill. The ledge over which refuse is deposited into the loading hopper.
Packer Panel. The plate(s) that moves the refuse from or through the loading hopper into the body of mobile collection and compaction equipment.
Ram/Tramper. The powered component of a stationary compactor or baler that moves the material from the charging chamber to the compaction area where it is compacted.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4352. Construction, Reconstruction, and Modification.
(a) Refuse Compaction Equipment.
(1) Stationary and mobile refuse compaction equipment placed in service on or after January 3, 1996 shall be equipped with a permanent plate or marking which states the compactor is designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of ANSI Z245.2-1992, "American National Standard for Refuse Collection, Processing, and Disposal Equipment-Stationary Compactors-Safety Requirements" and ANSI Z245.1-1992 "American National Standard for Refuse Collection, Processing, and Disposal Equipment-Mobile Refuse Collection and Compaction Equipment-Safety Requirements," respectively, and, in addition, shall comply with the requirements of these Orders.
(2) Stationary and mobile compaction equipment placed in service before January 3, 1996 shall be equipped with a permanent plate or marking which states the compactor is designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable ANSI Z245 standard in effect at the time the compaction equipment was manufactured.
(3) Equipment shall have a permanent identification of the name of the manufacturer and the date the equipment was manufactured.
(4) Any reconstruction or modification of compaction equipment shall be in accordance with the applicable ANSI Z245 safety standard indicated in subsections (a) and (b).
(b) Other Compaction Equipment. Balers placed in service on or after January 3, 1996 shall be equipped with a permanent plate or marking which indicates the baler meets the requirements of ANSI Z245.5-1990, "American National Standard for Refuse Collection, Processing, and Disposal-Baling Equipment-Safety Requirements." Other compaction equipment shall be designed and constructed in accordance with good engineering practice.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4353. Stationary Compaction Equipment and Balers.
(a) All power-driven compaction equipment and balers shall be guarded in at least one of the following ways:
(1) By the installation of a point-of-operation guard or cover having the following features:
(A) When closed will prevent the entry of any part of an employee's body.
(B) Cannot close while any part of an employee's body is within the point-of-operation.
(C) Is interlocked in a manner that prevents travel of the ram unless the guard or cover is in place.
(D) In itself does not create a shearing or crushing hazard.
(2) By deadman controls so located that the operator cannot reach the point of operation while operating the controls.
(3) By other means which will positively prevent employees from entering the zone of travel of the ram while it is in operation, or will positively prevent any travel of the ram whenever an employee enters or reaches into the zone of travel of the ram.
(b) Compactor access covers/doors shall require the use of hand tools to open, or be interlocked with the ram controls to prevent movement of the ram when the doors are open.
Exception: Access covers on stationary compactors where the point of operation of the ram is guarded by location. For the purpose of this regulation, guarded by location shall mean that the ram point of operation is so located from the employee's working level or working area or by its location with reference to the frame, foundation or structure (i.e. the chute) of the compactor as to remove the hazard of accidental contact with the moving ram.
(c) Each control shall be conspicuously labeled as to its function.
(d) Operating controls shall be designed to prevent unintentional activation.
(e) A means of stopping and controlling the movement of the ram at any point shall be provided and shall be readily accessible to the operator.
(f) Automatic cycling controls shall be used only on compaction equipment provided with point-of-operation guards as described in (a)(1) or (a)(3).
(g) Compaction equipment shall be provided with a locking system to prevent unauthorized operation.
(h) An automatic interlock shall be installed on all vertical compactors and balers so that the upper gates cannot be opened while the ram/tramper is operating and the ram/tramper cannot operate while the gates are open.
Figure CE-1 Commercial/Industrial-Type Stationary Compactor
Figure CE-2 Apartment/Institutional-Type Stationary Compactor
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4354. Mobile Compaction Equipment.
(a) Mobile refuse collection and compaction equipment shall meet the applicable requirements of Article 60.
(b) On rear- and side-loaders, point-of-operation protection shall be provided during the packing cycle by one of the following means:
(1) Deadman control from the initiation of the packing cycle until the packer panel clears all pinch points.
(2) A movable guard that is interlocked with the packing cycle so that it is in place before the packer panel is within 6 inches of all pinch points, and in itself does not create a shearing or crushing hazard.
(3) A control that provides an interrupted cycle. Actuation of the control shall cause the packer panel to stop not less than 6 inches or more than 16 inches from pinch points created by the movement of the packer panel. The control shall require reactivation to complete the cycle by a subsequent motion by the operator.
(4) Other means, at least as effective as those given in (1) through (3), that will effectively protect an employee from pinch points.
(c) On front loaders, all controls for operating any part of the container-lifting mechanism shall be deadman controls.
(d) Each control shall be conspicuously labeled as to its function.
(e) Operating controls shall be designed to prevent unintentional activation.
(f) Means for stopping the packer panel, ejector panel or lifting device at any point of travel shall be provided.
(g) Access covers/doors shall be secured by lockable or latchable devices.
(h) On a collection vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission, a neutral-position interlock shall be provided if a throttle is automatically advanced far enough to put the vehicle in motion when the packing cycle is actuated.
Figure CE-3 Front-Loading Collection Vehicle
Note: Authority and reference cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4355. Operating Rules for Compaction Equipment.
(a) General.
(1) The employer shall develop a written set of operating procedures. These operating procedures shall include at least the applicable operating rules contained in this section.
(2) Employees shall not be assigned or permitted to operate compaction equipment unless they have been trained and instructed in safe methods for such operation. Such training shall include the operating instructions provided by the manufacturer for each machine.
(b) Stationary Compaction Equipment.
(1) The operator shall be instructed to attach the locks between the stationary compactor and the compactor container in conformance with the manufacturer's instructions. Such locks shall be capable of withstanding the forces generated by the action of the ram.
(2) The operator shall be instructed to ascertain that all individuals are clear of the point of operation and pinch-point area before actuating the controls.
(c) Mobile Collection/Compaction Equipment.
(1) The operator shall be instructed to ascertain that all individuals are clear of the point of operation or any pinch points before actuating the controls, and shall be ready to stop the packing cycle or loading operation.
(2) No employee shall be positioned in the path of the moving vehicle, standing on front or rear steps or on side steps, or in any other location where he cannot be seen by the vehicle operator and is subject to being struck by the vehicle or being thrown off the vehicle.
(3) No employee shall be permitted to ride on a loading sill.
(4) When parts of collection equipment are raised, they shall be blocked in accordance with Section 3314 before work is performed beneath the raised parts.
(5) Before cleaning, repairing, servicing or adjusting collection equipment, a lockout procedure complying with Section 3314 shall be established and shall be followed.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4401. Scope and Application.
This Article applies to establishments, firms, persons and corporations dealing with the manufacturing, processing, storing, finishing or converting of pulp, paper, or paperboard.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4402. Employee Instruction.
Employees shall be instructed and trained as required by Section 3203 to include at least the following:
(a) Employees shall be instructed in proper lifting or moving techniques and methods;
(b) In areas where breaks, ruptures or spills would create a hazardous condition, employees shall be trained in emergency procedures;
(c) When a lone employee is assigned to work in a remote or isolated area where a recognized potential hazard exists, a system shall be instituted for the employee to report by radio or telephone periodically or a designated person shall check the area at reasonable intervals. All affected employees shall be advised of the procedures to be followed;
(d) When unloading chips using a tipple type unloading device, railcars, trucks and trailers shall be properly secured in place and all employees shall be in the clear before a dumping operation is started;
(e) Employees shall not be allowed to walk on the rolls of roller type conveyors except in an emergency;
(f) Water shall not be used to unplug quick lime stops or plugs in pipes;
(g) Cores on winders shall not be cut with pocket knives;
(h) Open pipes shall not be used as punch bars to dislodge smelt in the recovery boiler if the use would create a hazard;
(i) Employees shall wear eye protection while removing staples from the dies or while adjusting slitter knives;
(j) When an employee is working inside of a dryer gas hood, a second employee shall be available to render assistance in the event of an emergency.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4403. Work Areas.
(a) Not less than two unobstructed exits shall be provided in each room and on each floor of a batch digester building.
(b) When overhead work is in process above work or access areas, warning signs shall be placed in conspicuous locations and shall be removed when work is completed.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4404. Controls and Safety Devices.
Brakes, back stops, antirunaway devices, overhead releases and other similar type safety devices shall be inspected and tested frequently to ensure that all are operative and maintained in good repair.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4405. Working Over Water.
Where work is being performed on docks or adjacent to open water five feet or more in depth, in addition to the requirements of Section 3389, the following shall apply:
(a) Permanently installed or portable ladders available for emergency use shall be provided on all waterfront docks.
(1) Such ladders shall extend from the face of the dock to the water line at its lowest elevation;
(2) Spacing between ladder installations shall not exceed 400 feet;
(3) The ladder shall be secured to the dock or pier before use; and
(4) The dock area immediately adjacent to ladder locations shall be painted a contrasting bright color.
(b) Runways between the pond or pier and the shore shall be equipped with:
(1) Standard handrails and toeboards; and
(2) Inclined portions shall have cleated or equivalent non-slip surfacing.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4406. Guards and Guarding.
(a) Sharp-edged slitter knives subject to accidental contact shall be effectively guarded. Carriers shall be provided and used when transporting or carrying sharp-edged slitter knives.
(b) Where workers may be exposed to contact, the wheels for the traveling sections of conveyors or similar track or guide controlled equipment shall be equipped with sweep guards. Sweep guards shall have not greater than 1/4-inch clearance above the rail or guide.
(c) Carton or bag stitching machines shall be guarded to prevent persons from coming in contact with the stitching head.
(d) The shear area between the floor and the equipment used to elevate the front end of the chip containers during dumping operations shall be guarded.
(e) Knives used for chip, hog fuel machines, or guillotine cutters shall be secured in containers during transportation.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4407. Personal Protection.
(a) Personal protective clothing and equipment, as required in Article 10, shall be provided.
(b) Emergency respiratory protective equipment shall be provided for the posted number of employees in elevators where exposure to harmful concentrations of toxic substances may occur.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4408. Illumination.
(a) In addition to complying with the requirements of Section 3317 and Table IL-1, there shall be an emergency or secondary lighting system which can be actuated immediately upon failure of the normal power supply system. The emergency or secondary lighting system shall provide illumination in at least the following areas:
(1) Wherever it is necessary for workers to remain at their machine or station to shut down equipment in case of power failure;
(2) In all plant first aid and/or medical facilities;
(b) Emergency lighting facilities shall be inspected at least every 30 days. Defective or inoperative equipment shall be repaired or replaced with an operating unit.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4409. Mobile Equipment.
(a) Mobile equipment with an enclosed cab shall be provided with an escape hatch or other method of exist in case the regular exit cannot be used.
(b) Control levers of lift trucks, front end loaders, or similar types of equipment shall not be operated except when the operator is in his/her proper operating position.
(c) Whenever vehicles using LP gas as a fuel are parked for more than one hour, the service valve of the fuel container shall be closed.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4410. Offloading of Railcars and Trucks.
(a) Where employee access is required, rolled chip nets shall not be positioned where they cover the ladders of railcars or trucks.
(b) Elevating platform-type or cable-lift type unloading devices shall have back bumper stops.
(c) Side rails or other positive means shall be used to prevent the trailer from falling while unloading the single trailer units.
(d) The truck or tractor shall be secured when elevating platform lifts are used to elevate both the tractor and trailer or single unit trucks.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4411. Bridge and Dock Plates.
In addition to the requirements of Section 3337:
(a) Bridge or dock plates shall be furnished and used to bridge the area between a dock and truck or railcar.
(b) The sides of bridge or dock plates shall have an upturn or lip of at least 4 inches extending between the edge of the loading dock and edge of car or truck floor or other devices whenever the span exceeds 18 inches to prevent wheeled equipment from running off the sides.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4412. Conveyers.
In addition to the requirements of Section 3999, chip, hog fuel or other conveyors not attended by an operator shall have an emergency stop cable extending the length of the conveyor.
Exception: Those conveyors which are fully enclosed and pose no hazard to employees.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4413. De-Energizing and Lockout.
Machines shall be locked-out in accordance with Section 3314 during set-up, repair, clean-up and maintenance procedures. The employees shall be instructed to retain possession of the key(s) to the lock(s) and personally remove the lock(s) or, if used, blocking means upon completion of the work.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4414. Handling Liquid Sulfur.
Every employer receiving, handling and storing liquid sulfur shall establish a written procedure requiring, but not limited to the following:
(a) Employees at unloading or usage points shall be trained to recognize the dangers of escapement from the system and the property first aid practices to be followed in the event of exposure;
(b) Use of personal safety devices and safeguards shall be in accordance with Article 10.
(c) A minimum of two employees trained in safe procedures for the handling of liquid sulfur shall be assigned when a tank car is opened in preparation for venting and unloading. Approved respiratory protective equipment for H2S exposure, chemical splash goggles and gloves shall be worn. Spark producing or electric tools shall not be used to unplug railcar vents.
(d) Where venting can cause harmful exposure to unprotected workers in the area, a venting system shall be installed to vent the gas to a safe location for discharge or circulated through a scrubbing system. The venting system shall be installed before valves are opened.
(e) No smoking, open burning, or welding shall be permitted while unloading is in process or danger of gas escapement exists.
(f) The precautions to be taken when heating, welding, or cutting are to be done on any part of the system.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 4415. Stock Preparation and Reprocessing.
(a) Digester Valves and Piping.
(1) The digester blow valve shall be arranged so as to be operated from another room, remote from safety valves.
(2) Digester piping installed after May 30, 1999, shall conform with Sections 122-135 ASME B31.1-1995, Power Piping, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Digester piping installed on or before May 30, 1999, shall conform with either Sections 122-135 ANSI B31.1-1997, or the updated version of the ANSI/ASME B31.1 standard in effect at the time of installation.
(3) Couplings and flanges shall be secured by bolted studs.
(4) Digester blow valves or controls shall be pinned or locked in closed position throughout the entire cooking period.
(5) Heavy-duty pipe, valves, and fitting shall be used between digester and blow-pit. The piping system shall be inspected at least semiannually to determine the degree of deterioration and, repaired or replaced when necessary.
(6) Test holes in blow lines of piping systems shall not be covered with insulation or other materials.
(b) Blowing Digester.
(1) Audible warning signals and red warning lights shall be installed in areas which may be hazardous to personnel while digesters are being blown. Such devices shall be activated prior to blowing a digester and the warning lights shall remain lighted as long as the hazard exists.
(2) After the digester has started to be blown, the blow-off valve shall be left open, and the hand plate shall not be removed until the person responsible signals the blow-pit person that the blow is completed.
(3) Whenever it becomes necessary to remove the hand plate to clear stock, operators shall wear eye protection equipment and protective clothing to guard against burns from hot stock.
(c) Blow pits and blow tanks.
(1) When located on top, openings shall be provided with guardrails.
Note: Blow-pit openings should be on the side of the pit.
(2) The blow-pit door shall remain open when the access ladder is in place or when employees are in the blow-pit.
(3) A signaling device shall be installed in the digester, blow-pit rooms and chip bins to be operated as a warning before and while digesters are being blown.
(4) Blow-pit hoops shall be maintained in a safe condition.
Note: Sections (a), (b), and (c) pertain to batch digesters.
(d) Bleach Plant.
(1) An audible emergency alarm system shall be installed and it shall be activated whenever a serious leak or break develops in the bleach plant area.
(2) Chlorine gas shall be exhausted from the bleach plant by an exhaust system meeting the requirements of Article 107.
(3) The gas shall be rendered neutral or harmless before being discharged into the atmosphere.
(4) The requirements of ANSI Z9.2-1979 shall apply.
(e) Pulping Device.
(1) When beaters are fed from the floor above, the chute opening, if less than 42 inches from the floor, shall beprovided with a standard railing or other enclosure. Openings for manual feeding shall be sufficient only for entry of stock and shall be provided with at least two permanently secured crossrails, in accordance with Section 3209. (continued)