Loading (50 kb)...'
(continued)
(3) Every outbound loaded container which is received at a marine terminal ready to load aboard a vessel without further consolidation or loading shall be weighed to obtain the actual gross weight, either at the terminal or elsewhere, before being hoisted.
(4) (A) When container weighing scales are located at a marine terminal, any outbound container with a load consolidated at that terminal shall be weighed to obtain an actual weight before being hoisted.
(B) If the terminal has no scales, the actual gross weight may be calculated on the basis of the container's contents and the container's empty weight. The weights used in the calculation shall be posted conspicuously on the container, with the name of the person making the calculation and the date.
(5) Open type vehicle carrying containers and those built specifically and used solely for the carriage of compressed gases are excepted from Subsections (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this section.
(6) The weight of loaded inbound containers from foreign ports shall be determined by weighing or by the method of calculation described in Subsection (b)(4)(B) or by shipping documents.
(7) Any scale used within the United States to weigh containers for the purpose of the requirements of this section shall meet the accuracy standards of the state or local public authority in which the scale is located.
(c) No container or containers shall be hoisted if its actual gross weight exceeds the weight marked as required in Subsection (a)(3) of this section or it exceeds the capacity of the crane or other hoisting device intended to be used.
(d) (1) Marked or designated areas shall be set aside within a container or roll-on roll-of terminal for passage of employees to and from active cargo transfer points, except where transportation to and from those points is provided by the employer.
(2) The employer shall direct employees to stay clear of the area beneath a suspended container.
(e) Employees either working in the immediate area of container handling equipment such as cranes or industrial trucks or in the terminal's traffic lanes, shall wear high visibility vests, shirts, jackets or other articles of clothing marked with or made of reflectorized or high visibility material.
(f) Containers shall be handled using lifting fittings or other arrangements suitable and intended for the purpose except when damage to an intermodal container makes special means of handling necessary.
(1) Loaded intermodal containers of 20 feet (6.1 m) or more in length shall be hoisted as follows:
(A) When hoisting by the top fitting, the lifting forces shall be applied vertically from at least four (4) such fittings or by means which will safety do so without damage to the container, and using the lifting fittings provided.
(B) If hoisted from bottom fittings, the hoisting connections shall bear on the fittings only, making no other contact with the container. The angles of the four bridle legs shall not be less than 30 to the horizontal in the case of 40- foot (12.2 m) containers; 37 in the case of 20-foot (6.1 m) containers.
(C) Lifting containers by fork lift trucks or by grappling arms from above or from one side may be done only if the container is designed for this type of handling.
(D) Other means of hoisting may be used only if the containers and hoisting means are designed for such use.
(2)(A) When using intermodal container spreaders that employ lanyards for activation of load disengagement, all possible precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental release of the load.
(B) Intermodal container spreader twistlock systems shall be designed and used so that a suspended load cannot accidently be released.
(3) Flat bed trucks or container chassis used to move intermodal containers shall be equipped with pins, flanges, or other means to prevent the container from shifting.
(g) (1) Intermodal containers shall be inspected for defects in structural members or fittings before handling.
(2) Any intermodal container found to be unsafe shall be identified as such, promptly removed from service and repaired before being returned to service.
(h) Containers shall not be hoisted unless all engaged chassis twist locks are released.
(i) When intermodal container spreaders are used to transfer employees to or from the tops of containers, the spreaders shall be equipped with a personnel platform equipped with fixed standard railings, provided that the railings have one or more openings for access. The openings shall be fitted with a means of closure, such as chains with hooks.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3467. Log Handling.
(a) The employer shall ensure that structures (bunks) used to contain logs have rounded corners and rounded structural parts to avoid sling damage.
(b) Two or more binders or equivalently safe means of containment shall remain on logging trucks and railcars to secure logs during movement of the truck or car within the terminal. During unloading, logs shall be prevented from moving while binders are being removed.
(c) Logs shall be hoisted by two slings or by other gear designed for safe hoisting.
(d) Logs placed adjacent to vehicle curbs on the dock shall not be over one tier high unless placed in bunks or so stacked as not to roll or otherwise create a hazard to employees.
(e) Before logs are slung up from the dock, they shall be stably supported to prevent spreading and to allow passage of slings beneath the load. When bunks or similar retaining devices are used, no log shall be higher than the stanchions or retaining members of the device.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3468. Pallets.
(a) In addition to the requirements contained in Section 3338 the following shall apply:
(1) Wing or lip-type pallets hoisted by means of bar bridles shall have an overhanging wing or lip at least 3 inches long. Loaded pallets which on visual examination do not meet the requirements of this Section, shall be placed on pallets meeting the requirements before being hoisted.
(2) Bridles used to handle flush end or box-type pallets shall be of such a design as to prevent them from becoming disengaged from the pallet under load.
(b) Disposable pallets intended for only one use shall not be reused for hoisting.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3469. Industrial Trucks.
(a) All industrial trucks or tractors used for hauling, pushing, lifting or tiering materials shall comply with Article 25 of these Orders except as modified in subsection (b) of this section.
(b) Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training. Marine terminal operations shall comply with the powered industrial truck operator training requirements contained in Article 25, Section 3668 except as permitted by federal OSHA Instruction CPL 2-1.28A, Enforcement Guidance for the Longshoring and Marine Terminal Industries, issued by the Directorate of Compliance Programs, August 11, 2000, revised by CPL 2-1.28A, November 30, 2000, Section X, paragraphs A-G which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Note : References to federal OSHA regulations contained in CPL 2-1.28A, Section X, paragraphs A-G correspond to the italicized Section 3668 regulations shown in brackets as follows: 1917.27 and 1918.98 [ Article 14 ], 1910.178 ( l ) [ Section 3668 ], 1910.178( l )(4)(i) [ Section 3668(d)(2) ], 1910.178 ( l )(6) [ Section 3668(f) ], 1910.178( l )(3) [ Section 3668(c) ], 1910( l ) (4)(ii)(A), (C) [ Section 3668(d)(2)(A), (C) ], 1910.178( l )(4)(ii)(B) [ Section 3668(d)(1)(B) ], 1910.178( l )(3)(i) [ Section 3668(c)(1) ].
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3470. Longshoring Operations in the Vicinity of Repair and Maintenance Work.
(a) Longshoring operations shall not be carried on:
When noise-producing maintenance, construction or repair work interferes with communication of warnings or instructions.
(2) Where employees are exposed to injurious light rays, hot metal, or sparks, any of which result from welding or cutting.
(3) Where employees are exposed to unsafe concentrations of dust or vapors from sandblasting or spray painting.
(4) At any time that it is ascertained that the atmosphere in which employees would be working is immediately dangerous to life, or if the atmosphere becomes immediately dangerous to life during operations.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3471. Chutes, Gravity Conveyors and Rollers.
(a) Chutes used in the manual handling of cargo shall be of adequate length and strength for the use to which they are put and shall be kept free of splinters and sharp edges.
(b) When necessary for the safety of employees, chutes shall be equipped with sideboards to afford protection from falling objects.
(c) Chutes and gravity roller sections shall be firmly placed or secured to prevent displacement.
(d) Gravity rollers shall be of sufficient strength for the weight of material which is placed upon them. Rollers shall be locked in position to prevent them from falling or jumping out of the frame.
(e) Frames shall be kept free of burrs and sharp edges.
(f) When necessary for the safety of employees, provisions shall be made for braking objects other than bulk commodities at the delivery end of the roller or chute.
(g) Chute and hopper openings which present a hazard shall be guarded to prevent employees from falling through them.
(h) When employees are working on hoppers, the hopper shall be equipped with a safe walkway and means of access.
(i) Direct communication shall be provided between the discharge or shipboard control end of loading spouts and chutes and the point in the terminal from which the flow of cargo is controlled.
(j) Before an employee enters an empty bin:
(1) Personnel controlling the flow of cargo into the bin shall have been notified of the entry; and
(2) The power supply to the equipment carrying the cargo to the bin shall be turned off, locked out and tagged.
(k) Before an employee enters a bin containing a bulk commodity such as coal or sugar, the employer shall ensure that:
(1) Personnel controlling the flow of cargo into the bin have been notified of the entry;
(2) The power supply to the equipment carrying the cargo to the bin is turned off, locked out and tagged.
(3) The employee entering the bin wears a lifeline and safety harness; and
(4) A standby attendant equipped to perform a rescue is continuously stationed outside the bin until the employee has left the bin.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3472. Cranes and Other Hoisting Equipment.
(a) All cranes and other hoisting equipment and the operation thereof shall comply with Group 13 and this Article (14).
(b) Every crane not part of a vessel's permanent equipment shall be equipped with a load indicating device, a load moment device, or a device that prevents an overload condition. Only approved devices as defined in the General Safety Industry Orders, Section 3206 shall be used.Exceptions:
1. Trolley equipped bridge-type cranes while handling containers known to be and identified as empty, or loaded, or while hoisting other lifts by means of a lifting beam supplied by the crane manufacturer for the purpose and in all cases within the crane rating; 2. While handling bulk commodities or cargoes by means of clamshell bucket or magnet; 3. While used to handle or hold hoses in connection with transfer of bulk liquids or other hose handled products; or
4. While the crane is used exclusively to handle cargo or equipment the total actual gross weight of which is known by means of marking of the unit or units hoisted, when such total actual gross weight never exceeds 11,200 pounds, and when 11,200 pounds is less than the rated capacity of the crane at the maximum outreach that is possible under the conditions of use at the time.
(c) Marking shall be conspicuously placed giving units of measure in pounds or both pounds and kilograms, capacity of the indicating system, accuracy of the indicating system, and operating instructions and precautions. In the case of systems utilizing indications other than actual weights, the marking shall include data on the means of measurement, capacity of the system, accuracy of the system, and operating instructions and precautions. If the system used provides no readout, but is such as to automatically cease crane operation when the rated load limit under any specific condition of use is reached, marking shall be provided giving the make and model of the device installed, a description of what it does, how it is operated, and any necessary precautions regarding the system. All weight indications, other types of loading indications, and other data required shall be readily visible to the operator.
(d) Wind-Indicating Devices.
(1) After the effective date of these orders, each rail-mounted bridge and portal crane located outside of an enclosed structure shall be fitted with an operable wind-indicating device.
(2) The wind-indicating device shall provide a visible measure of velocity or an audible warning to alert the operator of high wind conditions. That warning shall be transmitted whenever the following circumstances are present.
(A) When the wind velocity reaches the warning speed, not exceeding the crane manufacturer's recommendations; and
(B) When wind velocity reaches the shutdown speed, not exceeding the crane manufacturer's recommendations, at which work is to be stopped and the crane secured.
(3) Instructions. The employer shall post operating instructions for high wind conditions in the operator's cab of each crane. Operators shall be directed to comply with these instructions. The instructions shall include procedures for responding to high wind alerts and for any coordination necessary with other cranes.
(e) Securing of cranes in high winds.
(1) When the wind reaches the crane's warning speed:
(A) Gantry travel shall be stopped; and
(B) The crane shall be readied for shutdown.
(2) When the wind reaches the crane's shutdown speed:
(A) Any portion of the crane spanning or partially spanning a vessel shall be moved clear of the vessel if safe to do so; and
(B) The crane shall be secured against travel, using all available means of securing.
(f) The employer shall monitor local weather conditions by subscribing to a weather service or using equally effective means.
(g) Communications. Means of communication shall be provided between the operator's cab and the base of the gantry of all rail-mounted cranes. This requirement may be met by telephone, radio, sound-signaling system or other effective methods, but not solely by hand-signaling.
(h) Qualifications of Machinery Operators.
(1) Only those employees determined by the employer to be competent by reason of training or experience, and who understand the signs, notices and operating instructions and are familiar with the signal code in use shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch or other power operated cargo handling apparatus, or any power operated vehicle, or give signals to the operator of any hoisting apparatus.
Exception: Employees being trained and supervised by a designated person may operate such machinery and give signals to operators during training.
(2) No employee known to have defective uncorrected eyesight or hearing, or to be suffering from heart disease, epilepsy, or similar ailments which may suddenly incapacitate him shall be permitted to operate a crane, winch or other power-operated cargo handling apparatus or a power-operated vehicle.
(i) Operating Near Electric Power Lines
(1) Provisions for preventing accidents due to overhead high-voltage lines shall be in conformance with High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders, Article 37.
(2) Boom Guards. Cage-type boom guards, insulating links or proximity warning devices may be used on cranes, but they shall not be used in place of the required clearances.
(j) Routine Inspection
(1) Qualified persons shall visually inspect each crane and derrick on each day of use for defects in functional operating components and shall report any defect found to the employer. The employer shall inform the operator of the findings.
(2) A qualified person shall thoroughly inspect all functional components and accessible structural features of each crane or device at monthly intervals.
(3) Any defects found during such inspections which may create a safety hazard shall be corrected before further equipment use. Repairs shall be performed only by qualified persons.
(4) A record of monthly inspections shall be maintained for six months in or on the crane or derrick or at the terminal.
(k) A seat (lap) belt, meeting the requirements of 49 CFR 571.208-210 for a Type 1 seat belt assembly, shall be installed on the operator's seat of high speed container gantry cranes where the seat trolleys.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3473. Certification of Shore-Based Material Handling Devices.
(a) An employer shall not use any cargo handling crane, derrick, bulk cargo spout, or bulk cargo sucker, as defined in Section 4885, which:
(1) Is not part of a vessel's permanent equipment and is either located ashore or placed aboard a vessel only temporarily; and
(2) Is used to transfer cargo or materials other than bulk liquids directly between the shore and a vessel; and
(3) Is so located that its failure could cause injury to an employee until he has ascertained that the device has been certificated as evidenced by current and valid documents attesting to compliance with the requirements specified in Article 99.
(b) Unless otherwise specifically required, the terms defined in this Subsection shall not include, and the provisions of 3474(a) shall not apply to, the following equipment:
(1) Small industrial crane trucks as described and illustrated in American National Standards Institute, B56.1, 1969, "Safety Code for Powered Industrial Trucks."
(2) Huletts.
(3) Ore and taconite vessel loading facilities of such type that failure could not cause injury to an employee.
(4) Bulk coal loading facilities.
(5) Vertical pocket conveyors such as banana, sugar, or other similar marine legs.
(6) Bridge cranes including steeple towers and dock-leg elevators.
(7) Any gantry truck not capable of straddling two or more intermodal containers 16 feet (4.88m) in width.
(c) Special Gear.
(1) Special stevedoring gear provided by the employer, the strength of which depends upon components other than commonly used stock items such as shackles, ropes or chains, shall be tested as a unit in accordance with the following table before initially being put into use.
State Working Load ............ Proof Load
Up to 20 short tons............ 25 percent in excess
Over 20 to 50 short tons....... 5 short tons in excess
Over 50 short tons............. 10 percent in excess
(2) Every spreader not a part of ship's gear and used for hoisting intermodal containers shall be tested to a proof load equal to 25 percent in excess of its rated capacity. Additionally, any spreader which suffers damage necessitating structural repair shall be retested after repair and before being returned to service.
(3) Certificates attesting to the required tests shall be available for inspection.
(d) Wire rope and loose gear obtained after the effective date of this section, and used for material handling shall have been tested and certificated before being placed into use. Certificates attesting to the required tests, inspections and examinations shall be available.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3 Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3 Labor Code.
s 3474. Hooks, Slings, Bridles and Fittings.
In addition to the following requirements, the provisions of Group 13 shall apply.
(a) All hooks, slings, bridles and other fittings shall be of correct size for the work to be done and shall have strength sufficient to sustain the loads imposed upon them.
(b) Cargo handling bridles, such as pallet bridles, which are to remain attached to the hoisting gear while hoisting successive drafts, shall be attached by shackles, or other positive means shall be taken to prevent them from becoming accidentally disengaged from the cargo hook.
(c) Crane hooks shall be latched or otherwise secured to prevent accidental load disengagement.
(d) The manufacturer's recommended safe working loads for hooks shall not be exceeded. After the effective date of this section, hooks other than hand hooks shall be tested in accordance with Section 5022.
(e)(1) Jaws of patent clamp-type plate hooks shall be maintained in condition to grip plates securely.
(2) Teeth of case hooks shall be maintained in safe condition.
(3) Case hooks shall not be used for handling cases unless the cases are specifically designed to be handled by this means.
(f) Loads shall be applied to the throat of the hook since loading the point overstresses and bends or springs the hook.
(g) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, bull wires, or in single parts used for hoisting shall not be formed by wire rope clips or knots.
(h) Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in bulling cargo, shall consist of one continuous piece without knot or splice.
(i)(1) At the completion of each use, loose gear such as slings, chains, bridles, blocks and hooks shall be so placed as to avoid damage to the gear. Loose gear shall be inspected and any defects corrected before reuse.
(2) All loose gear shall be inspected by the employer or his authorized representative before each use and when necessary, at intervals during its use, to ensure that it is safe. Any gear which is found upon such inspection to be visibly unsafe shall not be used until it is made safe.
(3) Loose gear obtained after the effective date of this section shall bear a legible mark indicating that it has been tested. Single sheave blocks shall be marked with safe working loads and proof test loads. Marks relating to testing shall be identifiable on the related certificates which shall be available.
(4) Defective gear shall not be used. Distorted hooks, shackles or similar gear shall be discarded.
(j) Interlink wear, not accompanied by stretch in excess of 5 percent, shall be noted and the chain removed from service when maximum allowable wear at any point of link, as indicated in Table MT-2 has been reached.
(k) Chain slings shall be removed from service when, due to stretch, the increase in length of a measured section exceeds 5 percent; when a link is bent, twisted or otherwise damaged; or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear.
( l) Natural fiber rope. The employer shall ascertain the manufacturer's ratings for the specific natural fiber rope used and have such ratings available at the terminal. The manufacturer's rating shall be adhered to and a minimum design safety factor of five maintained.
(m) Wire Rope and Wire Rope Slings.
(1) The employer shall ascertain and adhere to the manufacturer's recommended ratings for wire rope and wire rope slings and shall have such ratings available for inspection. When the manufacturer is unable to supply such ratings, the employer shall use the tables for wire rope and wire rope slings found in American National Standard for Slings, ANSI/ASME B30.9-1996. A design safety factor of at least five shall be maintained for the common sizes of running wire in light load use. Wire rope with a safety factor of less than five may be used only:
(A) In specialized equipment, such as but not limited to cranes, designed to be used with lesser wire rope safety factors;
(B) In accordance with design factors in standing rigging applications; or
(C) For heavy lifts or other purposes for which a safety factor of five is impracticable and for which the employer can demonstrate that equivalent safety is ensured.
(n) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted. Coverings shall be removable so that splices can be examined. Means used to cover or blunt ends shall not damage the wire.
(o) Loads requiring continuous manual guidance during handling shall be guided by guide ropes (tag lines) that are long enough to control the load.
(p) Thimbles. Properly fitting thimbles shall be used where any rope is secured permanently to a ring, shackle or attachment, where practicable.
(q) Shackles.
(1) If available, the manufacturer's recommended safe working loads for shackles shall not be exceeded. In the absence of manufacturer's recommendations, Table MT-3 shall apply.
(2) Screw pin shackles used aloft in gear, except in cargo hook assemblies, shall have their pins moused or otherwise effectively secured.
TABLE MT-1
NUMBER AND SPACING OF U-BOLT WIRE ROPE CLIPS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Clips
----------------------
Improved plow
steel, rope Minimum
diameter Drop Other spacing
inches cm forged material inches cm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* - - - - -
1/2 1.3 3 4 3 7.6
5/8 1.6 3 4 3 3/4 9.5
3/4 1.9 4 5 4 1/3 11.4
7/8 2.2 4 5 5 1/4 13.3
1 2.5 4 6 6 15.2
1 1/8 2.9 5 6 6 3/4 17.1
1 1/4 3.2 5 7 7 1/2 18.1
1 3/8 3.5 6 7 8 1/4 21.0
1 1/2 3.8 6 8 9 22.9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[FNa1] Three clips shall be used on wire size less than 1/2-inch diameter.
TABLE MT-2
MINIMUM ALLOWABLE CHAIN SIZE AT ANY POINT OF LINK
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Chain Size
Inches cm Minimum Allowance Chain size Inches cm
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1/4 .6 1 3/64 .5
3/8 1.0 13/64 .8
1/2 1.3 25/64 1.0
5/8 1.6 31/64 1.2
3/4 1.9 18/32 1.5
7/8 2.2 45/64 1.8
1 2.5 13/16 2.1
1 1/8 2.9 29/32 2.3
1 1/4 3.2 1 2.5
1 3/8 3.5 1 5/32 2.8
1 1/2 3.8 1 3/16 3.0
1 3/4 4.4 1 13/32 3.5
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SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES
(In tons of 2000 pounds)
--------------------------------------------------
Material size Pin diameter Safe working load
--------------
inches cm inches cm
--------------------------------------------------
1/2 1.3 5/8 1.6 1.4
5/8 1.6 3/4 1.9 2.2
3/4 1.9 7/8 2.2 3.2
7/8 2.2 1 2.5 4.3
1 2.5 1 1/8 2.9 5.6
1 1/8 2.9 1 1/4 3.2 6.7
1 1/4 3.2 1 3/8 3.5 8.2
1 3/8 3.5 1 1/2 3.8 10.0
1 1/2 3.8 1 5/8 4.1 11.9
1 3/4 4.4 2 5.0 16.2
2 5.0 2 1/4 5.7 21.2
--------------------------------------------------
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3 Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3 Labor Code.
s 3475. Vehicles.
(a) Trailers shall not be disconnected from tractors at loading docks until the road wheels have been immobilized. The road wheels shall be immobilized from the time the brake system is disconnected until braking is again provided. Supplementary front and support shall be employed as necessary to prevent tipping when a trailer is entered by a material handling vehicle. Rear end support shall be employed if rear wheels are so far forward as to allow tipping when the trailer is entered.
(b) The employer shall direct motor vehicle operators to comply with any posted speed limits and other traffic control signs or signals, and written traffic instructions.
(c) Stop signs shall be posted at main entrances and exits of structures where visibility is impaired, and at blind intersections, unless direct traffic control or warning mirror systems or other systems of equivalent safety are provided.
(d) Vehicular routes, traffic rules, and parking areas shall be established, identified, and used.
(e) The employer shall direct vehicle drivers to warn employees in traffic lanes of the vehicle's approach.
(f) Signs indicating pedestrian traffic shall be clearly posted at vehicular check-in and check-out lines and similar locations where employees may be working.
(g) A distance of not less than 20 feet (6.1m) shall be maintained between the first two vehicles in a check-in, check-out, roadability, or vessel loading/discharging line. This distance shall be maintained between any subsequent vehicles behind which employees are required to work.
(h) No unattended vehicle shall be left with its engine running unless secured against movement.
(i) When the rear of a vehicle is elevated to facilitate loading or discharging, a ramp shall be provided and secured. The vehicle shall be secured against accidental movement during loading or discharging.
(j) Only highway vehicle floors in safe condition shall be used.
(k) When flatbed trucks, platform containers or similar conveyances are loaded or discharged and the cargo consists of pipe or other products which could spread or roll to endanger employees, the cargo shall be contained to prevent movement.
( l ) Vehicles used to transport employees within a terminal shall be maintained in safe working order and safety devices shall not be removed or made inoperative.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3480. Vats, Pans and Tanks.
(a) Every open vat, pan, tank and similar container or vessel which contains hazardous substances into which employees can fall and the top of which is less than 36 inches above the floor or working level, shall be guarded on all sides by:
(1) A substantial railing of height not less than 36 inches above floor or working level, or
(2) The top height increased to 36 inches, or
(3) A complete cover.
(4) Where carts or dump trucks are used to load such vessels adequate stops to prevent the vehicle falling into the vessel shall be provided.
Note: Covers or railings may be temporarily removed to provide necessary working openings.
(b) Such open vats, pans, tanks and similar containers and vessels whose top is less than four inches above the floor or working level shall be provided with a four-inch toeboard around the sides in addition to complying with the requirements (a) above.
Note: Toeboards may be removed during actual loading operations where the vessels are loaded by pushing materials over the vessel's edge at floor level.
(c) Where employees are required to work directly above such open vats, pans, tanks or similar containers and vessels, one of the following conditions shall be complied with:
(1) The employee shall be provided with and shall wear an approved safety belt with life line. One end of the life line shall be attached to a traveling trolley on a monorail or to a fixed overhead anchorage or similar arrangement. The life line shall be so adjusted that the employee cannot fall into the vat, pan, tank or similar container or vessel. Such safety belts and life lines shall be resistant to any deteriorating effects of the dusts, fumes, mists, vapors or gases arising from the contents of the tank.
(2) The vat, pan, tank or similar container or vessel top shall be covered with a grating or grille which has no opening whose least dimension exceeds two inches. This grating or grille shall be of sufficient strength to withstand any load that is customarily imposed upon it.
(3) The vat, pan, tank or similar container or vessel shall be provided with a platform or walkway above the vessel. This platform or walkway shall be equipped with standard railing and toeboard.
(4) Safety rope nets designed for the specific purpose and capable of withstanding expected loads shall be properly suspended above the vat, pan, tank, or similar container or vessel during temporary or emergency work.
(d) Any vat, pan, tank and similar container or vessel in which there is a power driven agitator, circulator, gyrator or any other power driven equipment shall have such powered equipment disconnected from its source of power and the disconnecting controls or switches shall be locked open before employees are required or permitted to work in such spaces.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 3481. Bins, Bunkers and Hoppers.
(a) Every open bin, bunker and hopper whose upper edge is less than 36 inches above floor or working level shall be equipped with a standard railing around its edges or a grating or grille shall cover the top. Where grille or grating is the only protection it shall have no opening whose least dimension exceeds the following: 2-inch maximum openings for essentially smooth surface material with one-half inch maximum particle length (such as but not limited to sand, powder, grains, seed and pea gravel); 6 1/2-inch maximum openings for irregular surface material with one-half inch maximum particle length (such as but not limited to cottonseed); and 10-inch maximum openings for all other material with particle length exceeding one-half inch (such as but not limited to crushed rock and ore).
Note: Where railings are used they may be temporarily removed to provide necessary working openings.
(b) The grating or grille shall be of strength sufficient to withstand any load that is customarily imposed upon it.
(c) Where bins, bunkers or hoppers are loaded by automotive truck or other wheeled equipment, bumper stops presenting a vertical face not less than 10 inches high shall be installed at 1 edge in a manner to prevent the equipment from running onto or over the hopper.
Exception: Dumping spots used exclusively by bottom dump vehicles or hoppers designed for vehicle traffic load.
(d) Curbs having a vertical face of not less than 8 inches high shall be securely fastened along the sides to prevent a vehicle from overrunning the side of the runway.
(e) Where employees are permitted or required to work in or above open top bins over 8 feet in depth, an upper working area consisting of a platform or walkway shall be provided, and shall be guarded with a standard railing and toeboard.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(c), Health and Safety Code.
s 3482. Bulk Storage of Loose Material.
(a) No employees shall be permitted to work on or over loose material, or attend an employee working on or over loose material, until they have been instructed in the hazards involved and the precautions that must be taken to prevent employees from being caught in caved-in material.
(b) Fuel houses, silos, bins, bunkers, hoppers and similar structures shall be so constructed or equipped with tunnels, chains, mechanical diggers, vibrators or other effective means of removing material so that employees are not required to work where there is a possibility of being engulfed or having their bodies entrapped by a cave-in; or platforms or walkways shall be provided and employees shall remain upon such platforms or walkways while working over loose material within such structures unless protected as required in Section 3482(c) or (d). (Title 24, Part 2, Section 441A.)
(c) When construction as required in Section 3482(b) is impractical and in existing installations, when the design permits, a manually powered hoist with an operator shall be provided. The hoist shall be capable of supporting and lifting an employee and tools and equipment. The supporting wire rope shall be not less than 5/16 inch in diameter. The hoist shall have a brake capable of stopping and holding any load which may reasonably be expected to be imposed on it including the impact of a fall. (Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-1134(b).)
(1) No employee shall be required or permitted to stand, climb, or walk upon piles of sand, sawdust, chips, gravel, fuel, seed, grain or similar granular or loose materials within bins, bunkers, hoppers, silos or other structures, unless a boatswain's chair or a Class III body harness with a line suspended from the hoist is used.
(2) When an employee is required to move about on the piled material the hoist operator shall pay out and retrieve the excess line so that reasonable tautness in the line is maintained.
(3) Inflowing and outflowing material shall be blocked unless such movement is necessary to the work which the employee is performing. In such case, the employee shall have the means to control or stop the flow of materials, or have direct communication with a standby person who has immediate control.
(d) When the requirements of Section 3482(b) or (c) are not practical, the employee shall wear an approved safety belt or harness with a line attached. The line shall be snubbed overhead and attended by a standby person who shall keep the line reasonably taut at all times. The line shall be not less than 13/16-inch Manila rope or other suitable material of equivalent strength and diameter.
(e) No employee shall be required or permitted to work or climb on piled, granular or free flowing (loose) material, such as but not limited to sand, sawdust, chips, gravel, fuel, seed or grain piled on a level deck or on the ground, unless provision is made for safe access to and egress from the piled material and protection from engulfment/entrapment hazards is provided as described in Section 3482(b). Whenever possible, platforms or walkways shall be provided and employees shall be instructed to remain upon such platforms or walkways while working over loose material.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code; and Section 18943(b), Health and Safety Code.
s 3511. Governor.
Each engine which is not manually throttled shall be equipped with an effective governor which will automatically control the speed of the engine under varied loads, except where the load acts as an effective governor or the engine is incapable of developing excessive speed. All belt, rope or chain driven governors shall be equipped with a safety device which will stop the engine in case the belt, rope or chain should break.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3512. Valve Gears.
Valve gears on steam engines shall be so arranged, or other provisions made, that, in the event of the load being removed, the engine will stop if the governor fails to act. (A broken governor belt stop will be considered sufficient for slide or four-valve engines.)
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3513. Flywheel Speed.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3514. Tubular Gage Guard.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3515. Try Cock Discharge Receptacle.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3516. Try Cock Manipulation.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3517. Steam Gage and Water Gage Glass Location.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3518. Air Compressors.
(a) Air compressor discharge lines having a block valve between the air receiver and compressor shall have a pressure relieving safety device installed in the line between the compressor and block valve. The pressure relieving safety device shall be set to open at a pressure not to exceed the rated working pressure of the cylinder. The relieving capacity of the pressure relieving safety device shall be such as to prevent a rise of pressure in the compressor cylinder of more than 10 percent above its maximum allowable working pressure, and the discharge shall be to a safe place.
(b) Air compressor intake lines shall not be located in toxic atmospheres or atmospheres containing explosive concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3540. Purpose.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3541. Automotive Lift -Definition.
"Automotive lift" means "automotive vehicle service lift," and is a lifting device specifically designed to raise and provide stable support for an automotive vehicle free of the ground by engaging structural elements of the vehicle such as wheels, body, frame members, axle housings, or wheel suspension components.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3542. General.
(a) Automotive lifts shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the provisions of ANSI B153.1-1974, or shall have been approved by the Division of Occupational Safety and Health for lifts installed prior to November 1976. In lieu of meeting the provisions of ANSI B153.1-1974, automotive lifts installed through August 17, 1994, may be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with ANSI B153.1-1981, hereby incorporated by reference.
(b) Automotive lifts manufactured after August 17, 1994, through July 28, 2005, shall be designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the provisions of ANSI/ALI B153.1-1990, which is hereby incorporated by reference, with the exception of Sections 7.2.2 and 8.2, or shall conform to the requirements of subsection (c).
(c) New automotive lifts manufactured after July 28, 2005, shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and meet the design provisions of ANSI/ALI ALCTV-1998, Section 8, "Construction" and Section 9.2 "Testing" requirements for automotive lifts, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Note:References to Title 29, Code of Federal OSHA Regulations (CFR) contained in ANSI/ALI ALCTV-1998, Section 8, "Construction" correspond to the italicized regulations contained in the California Code of Regulations, Title 8, General Industry Safety Orders (GISO) shown in brackets as follows: 29 CFR 1910.144 [Title 8, Sections 3340 and 3341], 29 CFR Subpart D, Walking-Working Surfaces, Sections 1910.21-1910.32 [Title 8, Sections 3207, 3209-3214, 3224, 3241, 3272, 3273, 3275, 3277-3279, Title 8, GISO Article 23, Mobile Ladder Stands and Scaffolds (Towers)], 29 CFR 1910.212 and .219 [Title 8, GISO Group 6, Power Transmission Equipment, Prime Movers, Machines and Machine Parts and Group 8, Points of Operation and Other Hazardous Parts of Machinery], and 29 CFR 1910.95 [Title 8, GISO, Article 105, Control of Noise Exposure].
(d) The operation, inspection and maintenance of automotive lifts shall be performed by a qualified person in accordance with procedures recommended by the manufacturer. Maintenance shall include that pipe lines, fittings, valves, and packing glands are kept tight. Note:Guidelines for the operation, inspection, maintenance, installation and servicing of automotive lifts are available in ANSI/ALI ALOIM-2000, Safety Requirements for Operation, Inspection and Maintenance; and ANSI/ALI ALIS-2001, Safety Requirements for Installation and Service.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3543. Marking Required.
(a) Automotive lifts manufactured on or before August 17, 1994 shall be labeled with the following information:
(1) Name of the manufacturer.
(2) Either the Division approval number or statement of compliance with ANSI B153.1-1974 or ANSI B153.1-1981.
(3) Capacity.
(4) Date of installation or manufacture.
(b) Automotive lifts manufactured after August 17, 1994, through July 28, 2005, shall be labeled with a statement of compliance indicating that the lift was manufactured to conform to the requirements of ANSI/ALI B153.1-1990, or may conform to the requirements of subsection (c).
(c) Automotive lifts manufactured after July 28, 2005, shall be labeled with a statement of compliance indicating that the lift was manufactured to conform to the requirements of ANSI/ALI ALCTV-1998, Section 8, "Construction" and Section 9.2 "Testing".
(d) Labels shall be legibly stamped, etched, or embossed on a durable plate, which shall be permanently attached to the lift in a location where it can be conveniently inspected. Labels shall not be obscured, obliterated or changed.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3544. Control Mechanism for Automotive Lifts.
Every automotive lift shall be equipped with a readily accessible direct control device which will automatically return to the neutral or "off" position upon release by the operator. Adapters or other alterations which will render the normal functions of the control device inoperative shall not be used.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3545. Oil Measurement.
(a) Every air-oil tank and oil storage tank on automotive lift installations shall be provided with a graduated stick gage or other positive and easily accessible means by which the oil level in the reservoir, with plunger or plungers in the lowest position, can be determined.
(b) The oil supply in every air-oil tank and oil storage tank shall be maintained at or above the prescribed safe minimum operating level which shall in no case be less than three inches in depth or ten percent of the total oil volume when the plunger or plungers are in the fully elevated position.
Where a fill or gage hole is provided to measure oil levels, the fill or gage hole shall not be obstructed in any manner that requires removal of any parts of the lift except the fill or gage hole cover or plug to check the oil level.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3546. Air, Oil Tank Working Pressure and Corrosion Protection.
(a) Every oil tank used for liquid storage under pressure, not an integral part of the cylinder assembly, shall be constructed for a working pressure of not less than 200 pounds per square inch, in accordance with the provisions of the ASME Code for Pressure Vessels, as required by the Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders of the Division.
(b) Every air, oil storage or surge tank which is to be completely buried in earth or concrete shall be protected from corrosion with an effective corrosion resistant coating or equivalent method of protection.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3547. Working Area Under Lifts.
(a) No slots or abrupt recesses in excess of 2 1/4 inches in width (unless closable by integral hinged flat covers) or raised floor obstructions for receiving the lift frame and rails shall be permitted in the floor under the lift.
Note: The floor may be recessed to receive the rails providing the slope into the lowest part of the recess does not exceed 1 inch in 4 inches and provided also the inclined surfaces are constructed and surfaced so as to reduce slipping hazards.
(b) Floor surfaces under the lift shall be kept reasonably free of oil or grease to minimize the slipping hazards.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3548. Chassis and Axle Supports.
(a) Chassis and axle supports shall be of such design as to safely transfer the load to the automotive lift.
(b) Devices used for chassis, frame, wheel or axle supports shall be approved.
Note: Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
s 3549. Descent Speed.
All elements of any lift which control the speed ofdescent shall be maintained so that the average speed will not exceed 20 feet per minute. (continued)