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§ 169.541 Number required.
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Each vessel must be provided with an approved adult personal flotation device of an appropriate size for each person carried. In addition, unless the service is such that children are never carried, there must be provided an approved personal flotation device of a suitable size for each child carried.
§ 169.543 Distribution and stowage.
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(a) Personal flotation devices must be distributed through the upper part of the vessel in protected places convenient to the persons on board.
(b) If practicable, personal flotation device containers must be designed to allow the PFDs to float free.
(c) Personal flotation devices for children, when provided, must be stowed separately.
(d) Lockers, boxes, and closets in which PFDs are stowed must not be capable of being locked.
§ 169.545 Markings.
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(a) Each personal flotation device must be marked with the vessel's name.
(b) Where PFDs are stowed so that they are not readily visible to persons onboard, the containers in which they are stowed must be marked “adult personal flotation devices” or “child personal flotation devices”, as appropriate, and with the number contained therein, in at least 1-inch letters and figures.
(c) Each personal flotation device carried on vessels certificated for exposed or partially protected waters service must have a light approved under subpart 161.012 of this chapter. The light must be securely attached to the front shoulder area of the personal flotation device.
(d) Each personal flotation device must have at least 200 sq. cm. (31 sq. in.) of retroreflective material attached on its front side and at least 200 sq. cm. on its back side. If the personal flotation device is reversible, retroreflective material must be applied as described above on both sides.
(e) Retroreflective material required by this section must be Type I material that is approved under subpart 164.018 of this chapter.
Additional Lifesaving Equipment
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§ 169.549 Ring lifebuoys and water lights.
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(a)(1) The minimum number of life buoys and the minimum number to which water lights must be attached must be in accordance with the following table:
Table 169.549(a)(1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Minimum number of
Length of vessel number of buoys with
buoys waterlights
attached
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under 100..................................... 2 1
100 feet to less than 200 ft.................. 4 2
200 feet to less than 300 ft.................. 6 2
300 feet to less than 400 ft.................. 12 4
400 feet to less than 600 ft.................. 18 9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) One lifebuoy on each side of a vessel must have an attached line at least 15 fathoms in length.
(b) All lifebuoys must be placed where they are readily accessible. They must be capable of being readily cast loose.
(c)(1) All ring lifebuoys must be approved under subpart 160.050 or 160.064 of this chapter and be international orange in color.
(2) Each water light must be approved under subpart 161.010 of this chapter.
§ 169.551 Exposure suits.
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(a) This section applies to each vessel operating in exposed or partially protected waters service except those—
(1) Operating on routes between 32° N and 32° S in the Atlantic Ocean.
(2) Operating on routes between 35° N and 35° S latitude in all other waters.
(b) Each vessel to which this section applies must have for each person on board an exposure suit approved under subpart 160.171 or a Type V exposure PFD approved under subpart 160.053.
[CGD 83–005, 51 FR 896, Jan. 9, 1986, as amended by CGD 95–072, 60 FR 50468, Sept. 29, 1995]
§ 169.553 Pyrotechnic distress signals.
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(a) All pyrotechnic distress signals must be of an approved type.
(b) Replacement must be made no later than the first inspection for certification or reinspection after the date of expiration.
(c) Except as otherwise provided in this section, each vessel must carry the following pyrotechnic distress signals:
(1) 6 hand red flare distress signals, and 6 hand orange smoke distress signals; or,
(2) 12 hand held rocket propelled parachute red flare distress signals.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) All pyrotechnic distress signals must be carried near the helm or in a location considered suitable by the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.
(f) All pyrotechnic distress signals must be stowed in a portable watertight container.
§ 169.555 Emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB).
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(a) Each vessel certificated for exposed waters must have an approved Class A emergency position indicating radiobeacon (EPIRB), and each vessel certificated for partially protected waters must have an approved Class C emergency position indicating radiobeacon (EPIRB). The required EPIRB must be—
(1) Operational;
(2) Stowed where it is readily accessible for testing and use; and
(3) Stowed in a manner so that it will float free if the vessel sinks.
(b) Each vessel must have an additional Class B EPIRB for every twenty-five persons onboard, for use in the lifeboats and liferafts.
[CGD 83–005, 51 FR 896, Jan. 9, 1986; 51 FR 10632, Mar. 28, 1986]
§ 169.556 Work vests.
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(a) Buoyant work vests carried under the permissive authority of this section must be approved under subpart 160.053 of this chapter.
(b) Approved buoyant work vests are items of safety apparel and may be carried aboard vessels to be worn by persons when working near or over the water under favorable working conditions. Work vests are not accepted in lieu of any of the required number of approved personal flotation devices and must not be worn during drills and emergencies.
(c) The approved buoyant work vests must be stowed separately from personal flotation devices, and in locations where they will not be confused with personal flotation devices.
(d) Each work vest is subject to examination by a marine inspector to determine its serviceability. If a work vest is found not to be in a serviceable condition, then it must be repaired or removed from the vessel. If a work vest is beyond repair, it must be destroyed in the presence of the marine inspector.
Firefighting Equipment
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§ 169.559 Fire pumps.
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(a) Each sailing school vessel must be equipped with fire pumps as required in Table 169.559(a).
Table 169.559(a)_Fire Pumps
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exposed and
partially Protected
Length protected water
water service
service
------------------------------------------------------------------------
65 feet but less than 90 feet................. \1\ 1 0
90 feet but less than 120 feet................ \2\ 1 \1\ 1
120 feet or greater........................... \3\ 2 \1\ 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ May be driven off a propulsion engine and may be used as a bilge
pump.
\2\ Must be driven by a source of power independent of the propulsion
engine and may be used as a bilge pump.
\3\ One pump may be driven off a propulsion unit and one pump may be
used as a bilge pump. Pumps must be located in separate spaces.
(b) Fire pump capacity must be in accordance with the following:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vessel length Minimum capacity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than 90 ft..................... 5.5 m3/hr (25 gpm).
90 feet but less than 120 ft........ 11.0 m3/hr (50 gpm).
Greater than 120 ft................. 14.3 m3/hr (66.6 gpm).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) Each fire pump must be fitted with a pressure gage on the discharge side of the pump.
(d) Each vessel must have a hand operated portable fire pump having a capacity of at least 1.1 m3/hr (5 gpm). This pump must be equipped with suction and discharge hose suitable for use in firefighting.
§ 169.561 Firemain.
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(a) Each vessel required to be provided with a power-driven fire pump must also be provided with a fire main, hydrants, hoses and nozzles.
(b) Fire hydrants must be of sufficient number and located so that any part of the vessel may be reached with an effective stream of water from a single length of hose.
(c) All piping, valves, and fittings must be in accordance with good marine practice and suitable for the purpose intended.
§ 169.563 Firehose.
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(a) One length of firehose must be provided for each fire hydrant required.
(b) Vessels less than 90 feet in length must have commercial firehose or equivalent of not over 1 1/2 inch diameter or garden hose of not less than 5/8 inch nominal inside diameter. If garden hose is used, it must be of a good commercial grade constructed of an inner rubber tube, plies of braided cotton reinforcement and an outer rubber cover, or of equivalent material, and must be fitted with a commercial garden hose nozzle of good grade bronze or equivalent metal.
(c) Vessels of 90 feet or greater must have lined commercial firehose that conform to Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. Standard 19 or Federal Specification ZZ-H-451. The firehose must be fitted with a combination nozzle approved under §162.027 of this chapter.
(d) Each length of firehose must be a single piece 50 feet long.
(e) Firehose must be connected to the hydrants at all times, except that, on open decks where no protection is afforded to the hose, it may be temporarily removed from the hydrant in heavy weather and stowed in an accessible nearby location.
§ 169.564 Fixed extinguishing system, general.
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(a) Fixed carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing systems must be installed to protect the following spaces—
(1) The machinery and fuel tank spaces of all vessels, except where machinery and fuel tank spaces are so open to the atmosphere as to make the use of a fixed system ineffective;
(2) The paint and oil rooms and similar hazardous spaces; and
(3) The galley stove area, for vessels greater than 90 feet in length and certificated for exposed or partially protected water service.
(b) Each fixed extinguishing system must be of an approved carbon dioxide or halogenated type and installed to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.
§ 169.565 Fixed carbon dioxide system.
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(a) The number of pounds of carbon dioxide required for each space protected must be equal to the gross volume of the space divided by the appropriate factor in Table 169.565(a).
Table 169.565(a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross volume of compartment, cubic feet
--------------------------------------------------------------- Factor
Over_ Not over_
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0................................................ 500 15
500.............................................. 1,600 16
1,600............................................ 4,500 18
4,500............................................ ........... 20
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) A separate supply of carbon dioxide is not required for each space protected. The total available supply must be sufficient for the space requiring the greatest amount.
(c) Controls. (1) Each control and valve for the operation of the system must be outside the spaces protected and accessible at all times.
(2) Each branch line must be fitted with an approved shutoff valve. Each valve must be kept closed at all times except to operate the particular system.
(3) The arrangements must be such that the entire charge to any space can be introduced into the space by the operation of one valve selecting the space, and one control for releasing the required amount of fire extinguishing agent. The release control must be of an approved type and located adjacent to the branch line shutoff valve.
(4) Complete but simple instructions for the operation of the system must be located in a conspicuous place at or near the releasing control device.
(5) Each control valve to branch lines must be labeled to indicate the space served.
(d) Piping. (1) The pipe and fittings for the extinguishing systems must be in accordance with the system manufacturer's approved design manual.
(2) Each pipe, valve, and fitting of ferrous materials must be galvanized.
(3) Each dead-end line must extend at least 2 inches beyond the last orifice and must be closed with cap or plug.
(4) Each pipe, valve, and fitting must be securely supported and, where necessary, protected against injury.
(5) Drains and dirt traps must be fitted where necessary to prevent accumulation of dirt or moisture. Each drain and dirt trap must be located in accessible locations but not in accommodation spaces.
(e) Discharge outlets. (1) The area of discharge outlets shall be as specified in the manufacturer's approved design manual.
(2) The discharge of the required amount of carbon dioxide must be complete within two minutes.
(f) Cylinders. (1) Each cylinder must be securely fastened and supported, and where necessary protected against injury. Cylinders must be located outside the space protected.
(2) Each cylinder must be mounted in an upright position or inclined not more than 30° from the vertical, except that cylinders which are fitted with flexible or bent siphon tubes may be inclined not more than 80° from the vertical.
(3) Each cylinder used for storing extinguishing agent must be approved and marked in accordance with Department of Transportation regulations.
(4) Each cylinder must be mounted so it is readily accessible and capable of easy removal for recharging and inspection. Cylinders must be capable of being weighed in place.
(5) Where subject to moisture, cylinders must be installed so that a space of at least 2 inches is provided between the flooring and the bottom of the cylinders.
(6) Each cylinder storage area must be properly ventilated and the temperature inside must not exceed 130 ° F.
(g) Provision must be made by means of plugs, covers, dampers, etc., to prevent the admission of air into the space protected.
(h) Systems must be fitted with a delayed discharge and an alarm bell arranged so the alarm sounds for at least twenty seconds before the carbon dioxide is released into the space.
§ 169.567 Portable extinguishers.
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(a) The minimum number of portable fire extinguishers required on each vessel is determined by the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, in accordance with Table 169.567(a) and other provisions of this subpart.
Table 169.567(a)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total number Type extinguishers permitted
Space protected extinguishers ------------------------------------------------ Coast Guard
required Medium Minimum size classification
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Living space and open boats.. 1 per 1000 cu. Halon 1211 of 1301...... 2\1/2\ pounds.......
ft. of space.
Foam.................... 1\1/4\ gallons...... ................
Carbon dioxide.......... 4 pounds............ B-I.
Dry chemical............ 2 pounds............
Propulsion machinery space 1.............. Foam.................... 1\1/4\ gallons......
with fixed CO2 or halon
system.
Carbon dioxide.
4 pounds.......
B-I............
Dry chemical............ 2 pounds............
Halon 1211 or 1301...... 2\1/2\ pounds.......
Propulsion machinery space 2.............. Foam.................... 2\1/2\ gallons......
without fixed CO2 or halon
system.
Carbon dioxide.
15 pounds......
B-II...........
Dry chemical............ 10 pounds........... ................
Halon 1211 or 1301...... 10 pounds........... ................
Galley (without fixed system) 1 per 500 cu. Foam.................... 2\1/2\ gallons......
ft.
Carbon dioxide.......... 15 pounds........... B-II.
Dry chemical............ 10 pounds...........
Halon 1211 or 1301...... 10 pounds........... ................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) The Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, may permit the use of any approved fire extinguishers, including semiportable extinguishers, which provide equivalent fire protection.
(c) All portable fire extinguishers installed on vessels must be of an approved type.
(d) Portable fire extinguishers must be stowed in a location convenient to the space protected.
(e) Portable fire extinguishers must be installed and located to the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.
(f) Portable fire extinguishers which are required to be protected from freezing must not be located where freezing temperatures may be expected.
(g) Each vessel must carry spare charges for at least 50 percent of each size and variety of hand portable extinguishers required. For units that can not be readily recharged on the vessel, one spare extinguisher for each classification carried onboard must be provided in lieu of spare charges.
[CGD 83–005, 51 FR 897, Jan. 9, 1986; 51 FR 3785, Jan. 30, 1986]
§ 169.569 Fire axes.
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(a) Each vessel must carry at least the number of fire axes set forth in Table 169.569(a). The Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection may require additional fire axes necessary for the proper protection of the vessel.
Table 169.569(a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Length
------------------------------------------------ Number of axes
Over Not over
------------------------------------------------------------------------
65 0
65 90 1
90 120 2
120 150 3
150 ......................... 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Fire axes must be stowed so as to be readily available in the event of emergency.
(c) If fire axes are not located in the open or behind glass, they must be placed in marked enclosures containing the fire hose.
Subpart 169.600—Machinery and Electrical
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§ 169.601 General.
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(a) The regulations in this subpart contain requirements for the design, construction and installation of machinery on sailing school vessels.
(b) Machinery must be suitable in type and design for the purpose intended. Installations of an unusual type and those not addressed by this subpart are subject to the applicable regulations in Subchapter F (Marine Engineering) and Subchapter J (Electrical Engineering) of this chapter.
(c) The use of liquefied inflammable gases, such as propane, methane, butane, etc., as fuel, except for cooking purposes, is prohibited.
Internal Combustion Engine Installations
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§ 169.605 General.
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(a) Generators, starting motors, and other spark producing devices must be mounted as high above the bilges as practicable.
(b) Gages to indicate engine cooling water temperature, exhaust cooling water temperature and engine lubricating oil pressure must be provided and located in plain view.
(c) All electrical components of the engine must be protected in accordance with §183.410 of Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations to prevent ignition of flammable vapors.
§ 169.607 Keel cooler installations.
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(a) Except as provided in this section, keel cooler installations must meet the requirements of §56.50–96 of this chapter.
(b) Approved metallic flexible connections may be located below the deepest load waterline if the system is a closed loop below the waterline and its vent is located above the waterline.
(c) Fillet welds may be used in the attachment of channels and half round pipe sections to the bottom of the vessel.
(d) Short lengths of approved nonmetallic flexible hose may be used at machinery connections fixed by hose clamps provided that—
(1) The clamps are of a corrosion resistant material;
(2) The clamps do not depend on spring tension for their holding power; and
(3) Two clamps are used on each end of the hose or one hose clamp is used and the pipe ends are expanded or beaded to provide a positive stop against hose slippage.
§ 169.608 Non-integral keel cooler installations
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(a) Hull penetrations for non-integral keel cooler installations must be made through a cofferdam or at a sea chest.
(b) Non-integral keel coolers must be suitably protected against damage from debris and grounding by recessing the unit into the hull or by the placement of protective guards.
(c) Each non-integral keel cooler hull penetration must be equipped with a shutoff valve.
[CGD 83–005, 51 FR 896, Jan. 9, 1986, as amended by USCG–2000–7790, 65 FR 58464, Sept. 29, 2000]
§ 169.609 Exhaust systems.
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Engine exhaust installations and associated cooling sytems must be built in accordance with the requirements of American Boat and Yacht Council, Inc. Standard P–1, “Safe Installation of Exhaust Systems for Propulsion and Auxiliary Machinery” and the following additional requirements:
(a) All exhaust installations with pressures in excess of 15 pounds per square inch gage or employing runs passing through living or working spaces must meet the material specifications of part 56 of Title 46, Code of Federal Regulations.
(b) Horizontal dry exhaust pipes are permitted if they do not pass through living or berthing spaces, terminate above the deepest load waterline, are arranged to prevent entry of cold water from rough seas, and are constucted of corrosion resistant material at the hull penetration.
(c) When the exhaust cooling system is separate from the engine cooling system, a suitable warning device must be provided to indicate a failure of water flow in the exhaust cooling system.
§ 169.611 Carburetors.
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(a) This section applies to all vessels having gasoline engines.
(b) Each carburetor other than a down-draft type, must be equipped with integral or externally fitted drip collectors of adequate capacity and arranged so as to permit ready removal of fuel leakage. Externally fitted drip collectors must be covered with flame screens.
(c) All gasoline engines must be equipped with an acceptable means of backfire flame control. Installations of backfire flame arresters bearing basic Approval Nos. 162.015 or 162.041 or engine air and fuel induction systems bearing basic Approval Nos. 162.015 or 165.042 may be continued in use as long as they are serviceable and in good condition. New installations or replacements must meet the applicable requirements of part 58, subpart 58.10 (Internal Combustion Engine Installations) of this chapter.
[CGD 83–005, 51 FR 896, Jan. 9, 1986, as amended by CGD 88–032, 56 FR 35827, July 29, 1991]
Fuel Systems
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§ 169.613 Gasoline fuel systems.
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(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) each gasoline fuel system must meet the requirements of §56.50–70 of this chapter
(b) Each vessel of 65 feet and under must meet the requirements of §§182.15–25, 182.15–30, 182.15–35 and 182.15–40 of this chapter.
§ 169.615 Diesel fuel systems.
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(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) each diesel fuel system must meet the requirements of §56.50–75 of this chapter.
(b) Each vessel of 65 feet and under must meet the requirements of §§182.20–22, 182.20–25, 182,20–30, 182.20–35 and 182.20–40 of this chapter.
Steering Systems
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§ 169.618 General.
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(a) Each vessel must have an effective steering system.
(b) The steering system must be designed to withstand all anticipated loading while under sail, including shocks to the rudder. Additionally, the steering system on vessels with an auxiliary means of propulsion must not be susceptible to damage or jamming at the vessel's maximum astern speed.
(c) The main steering gear must be capable of moving the rudder from hard-over to hard-over at an average rate of not less than 2 1/3° per second with the vessel at design service speed (ahead).
§ 169.619 Reliability.
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(a) Except where the OCMI judges it impracticable, the steering system must—
(1) Provide continued or restored steering capability in the event of a failure or malfunction of any single steering system component other than the rudder or rudder stock;
(2) Be independent of other systems, including auxiliary propulsion machinery; and
(3) Be operable in the event of localized fire or flooding.
(b) A main and independent auxiliary steering gear must be provided, except when—
(1) A small vessel uses a tiller or direct mechanical linkage as the primary means of controlling the rudder; or
(2) Installation of an auxiliary steering gear is not possible.
Note: A partial reduction of normal steering capability as a result of malfunction or failure is acceptable. This reduction should not be below that necessary for the safe navigation of the vessel.
(c) The strength and reliability of any component that is not provided in duplicate must be suitable to the cognizant OCMI. Where redundant or backup equipment or components are provided to meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the following must be provided:
(1) A means to readily transfer from the failed equipment or component to the backup.
(2) Readily available tools or equipment necessary to make the transfer.
(3) Instructions for transfer procedures, posted at the main steering location.
(4) A means to steady the rudder while making the transfer.
§ 169.621 Communications.
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A reliable means of voice communications must be provided between the main steering location and each alternate steering location.
§ 169.622 Rudder angle indicators.
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Each vessel must have a rudder angle indicator at the main steering location that meets the requirements of §113.40–10 of this chapter, except where a tiller or direct mechanical linkage is the primary means of controlling the rudder.
§ 169.623 Power-driven steering systems.
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(a) Power-driven steering systems must have means to be brought into operation from a dead ship condition, without external aid. The system must automatically resume operation after an electric power outage.
(b) Control of power-driven steering systems from the main steering control location must include, as applicable—
(1) Control of any necessary ancillary device (motor, pump, valve, etc.);
(2) A pilot light to indicate operation of each power unit; and
(3) Visual and audible alarms to indicate loss of power to the control system or power units and overload of electric motors.
(c) Overcurrent protection for steering system electric circuits must meet §111.93–11 of this chapter, as applicable.
Ventilation
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§ 169.625 Compartments containing diesel machinery.
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(a) Spaces containing machinery must be fitted with adequate dripproof ventilators, trunks, louvers, etc., to provide sufficient air for proper operation of the propulsion and auxiliary engines.
(b) Air-cooled propulsion and auxiliary engines installed below deck must be fitted with air intake ducts or piping from the weather deck. The ducts or piping must be arranged and supported to safely sustain stresses induced by weight and engine vibration and to minimize transfer of vibration to the supporting structure. Prior to installing ventilation for the engines, plans or sketches showing the machinery arrangement including air intakes, exhaust stack, method of attachment of ventilation ducts to the engine, location of spark arresting mufflers and capacity of ventilation blowers must be submitted to the OCMI for approval.
(c) Spaces containing machinery must be fitted with at least two ducts to furnish natural or mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation. One duct must extend to a point near the bottom of the compartment, and be installed so that the ordinary collection of water in the bilge will not trap the duct. Where forced ventilation is installed, the duct extending to the bottom of the compartment must be the exhaust. The total inlet area and the total outlet area of ventilation ducts must be not less than one square inch for each foot of beam of the vessel. These minimum areas must be increased when such ducts are considered part of the air supply to the engines.
(d) All ducts must be of rigid permanent noncombustible construction, properly fastened, supported, and reasonably gastight from end to end.
(e) All supply ducts for ventilation purposes must be provided with cowls or scoops having a free area not less than twice the required duct area. When the cowls or scoops are screened, the mouth area must be increased to compensate for the area of the screen wire. Dampers are prohibited in supply ducts. Cowls or scoops must be kept open at all times except when weather would endanger the vessel if the openings were not temporarily closed. Supply and exhaust openings must not be located where the natural flow of air is unduly obstructed, or adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition, and must not be located where exhaust air may be taken into the supply vents.
§ 169.627 Compartments containing diesel fuel tanks.
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Unless they are adequately ventilated, enclosed compartments or spaces containing diesel fuel tanks and no machinery must be provided with a gooseneck vent of not less than 2 1/2 inches in diameter. The vent opening must not be located adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition.
§ 169.629 Compartments containing gasoline machinery or fuel tanks.
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Spaces containing gasoline machinery or fuel tanks must have natural supply and mechanical exhaust ventilation meeting the requirements of American Boat and Yacht Council Standard H–2.5, “Design and Construction; Ventilation of Boats Using Gasoline.
§ 169.631 Separation of machinery and fuel tank spaces from accommodation spaces.
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(a) Machinery and fuel tank spaces must be separated from accommodation spaces by watertight or vapor tight bulkheads of double diagonal wood, marine plywood, steel plate, or equivalent construction.
(b) On vessels less than 90 feet in length, segregation may be by means of a watertight or vapor tight engine box.
Piping Systems
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§ 169.640 General.
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(a) Vital piping systems, as defined in §169.642 of this subpart, must meet the material and pressure design requirements of Subchapter F of this chapter.
(b) Except as provided in this paragraph, nonmetallic piping system materials must meet the applicable requirements of 46 CFR 56.60–25.
(1) Rigid nonmetallic materials are acceptable for use in bilge, ballast, and machinery-connected piping systems on vessels less than 120 feet in length, provided that bilge and fire systems do not use the same piping.
(2) Nonmetallic piping is prohibited in fuel systems except where flexible hose is permitted.
(3) Rigid nonmetallic materials may be used in non-vital systems.
§ 169.642 Vital systems.
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For the purpose of this part, the following are considered vital systems—
(a) A marine engineering system identified by the OCMI as being crucial to the survival of the vessel or to the protection of the personnel on board; and
(b) On vessels greater than 120 feet in length—
(1) Bilge system;
(2) Ballast system;
(3) Fire protection system;
(4) Fuel oil system; and
(5) Steering and steering control system.
Bilge Systems
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§ 169.650 General.
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All vessels must be provided with a satisfactory arrangement for draining any compartment, other than small buoyancy compartments, under all practical conditions. Sluice valves are not permitted in watertight bulkheads except as specified in §169.652(a).
§ 169.652 Bilge piping.
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(a) All vessels of 26 feet in length and over must be provided with individual bilge lines and suction for each compartment except that the space forward of the collision bulkhead may be serviced by a sluice valve or portable bilge pump if the arrangement of the vessel is such that ordinary leakage can be removed this way.
(b) The bilge pipe on vessels 65 feet in length and under must be not less than one inch nominal pipe size. On vessels greater than 65 but less than 120 feet in length the bilge pipe must be not less than one and one-half inches. Piping on vessels of 120 feet or greater or of 100 gross tons or greater must meet the requirements contained in §56.50–50 of this chapter.
(c) Each bilge suction must be fitted with a suitable strainer having an open area not less than three times the area of the bilge pipe.
(d) Each individual bilge suction line must be led to a central control point or manifold. Each line must be provided with a stop valve at the control point or manifold and a check valve at some accessible point in the bilge line, or a stop-check valve located at the control point or manifold.
(e) Each bilge pipe piercing the collision bulkhead must be fitted with a screw-down valve located on the forward side of the collision bulkhead and operable from above the weather deck.
§ 169.654 Bilge pumps.
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(a) Vessels of less than 65 feet in length must have a portable hand bilge pump having a maximum capacity of 5 gpm.
(b) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, vessels of 26 feet but less than 40 feet in length must have a fixed hand bilge pump or fixed power bilge pump having a minimum capacity of 10 gpm. If a fixed hand pump is installed, it must be operable from on deck.
(c) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, vessels of 40 feet but less than 65 feet must have a fixed power bilge pump having a minimum capacity of 25 gpm.
(d) Vessels of 65 feet in length but less than 120 feet and under 100 gross tons must have two fixed power bilge pumps having a combined minimum capacity of 50 gpm.
(e) Vessels of 120 feet or greater and vessels of 100 gross tons and over must have two fixed power pumps meeting the capacity requirements of §56.50–55(c) of this chapter.
(f) Each power driven bilge must be self priming.
(g) Each fixed bilge pump required by this section must be permanently connnected to the bilge main.
(h) Bilge pumps may also be connected to the firemain provided that the bilge system and firemain system may be operated simultaneously.
Electrical
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§ 169.662 Hazardous locations.
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Electrical equipment must not be installed in lockers that are used to store paint, oil, turpentine, or other flammable liquids unless the equipment is explosion-proof or intrinsically safe in accordance with §111.105–9 or §111.105–11 of this chapter.
Electrical Installations Operating at Potentials of Less Than 50 Volts on Vessels of Less Than 100 Gross Tons
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§ 169.664 Applicability.
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The requirements in this subpart apply to electrical installations operating at potentials of less than 50 volts on vessels of less than 100 gross tons.
§ 169.665 Name plates.
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Each generator, motor and other major item f power equipment must be provided with a name plate indicating the manufacturer's name, its rating in volts and amperes or in volts and watts and, when intended for connection to a normally grounded supply, the grounding polarity.
§ 169.666 Generators and motors.
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(a) Each vessel of more than 65 feet in length having only electrically driven fire and bilge pumps must have two generators. One of these generators must be driven by a means independent of the auxiliary propulsion plant. A generator that is not independent of the auxiliary propulsion plant must meet the requirements of §111.10–4(c) of this chapter.
(b) Each generator and motor must be in a location that is accessible, adequately ventilated, and as dry as practicable.
(c) Each generator and motor must be mounted as high as practicable above the bilges to avoid damage by splash and to avoid contact with low lying vapors.
(d) Each generator must be protected from overcurrent by a circuit breaker, fuse or an overcurrent relay.
§ 169.667 Switchboards.
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(a) Each switchboard must be in as dry a location as praticable, accessible, protected from inadvertent entry, and adequately ventilated. All uninsulated current carrying parts must be mounted on nonabsorbent, noncombustible, high dielectric insulating material.
(b) Each switchboard must be—
(1) Totally enclosed; and
(2) Of the dead front type.
(c) Each ungrounded conductor of a circuit must have at the point of attachment to the power source either—
(1) A Circuit breaker; or
(2) A switch and fuse.
(d) Each switch other than one mounted on a switchboard must be of the enclosed type.
§ 169.668 Batteries.
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(a) Each battery must be in a location that allows the gas generated in charging to be easily dissipated by natural or induced ventilation.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a battery must not be located in the same compartment with a gasoline tank or gasoline engine.
(c) If compliance with paragraph (b) of this section is not practicable, the battery must be effectively screened by a cage or similar structure to minimize the danger of accidental spark through dropping a metal object across the terminals.
(d) Each battery must be located as high above the bilges as practicable and secured against shifting with motion of the vessel. Each battery and battery connection must be accessible so as to permit removal.
(e) All connections must be made to battery terminals with permanent type connectors. Spring clips or other temporary type clamps may not be used.
(f) Each battery must be located in a tray of lead or other suitable material resistant to deteriorating action by the electrolyte.
(g) Each battery charger intended for connection to a commercial supply voltage must employ a transformer of the isolating type. An ammeter that is readily visible must be included in the battery charger circuit.
(h) A voltage dropping resistor, provided for charging a battery, must be mounted in a ventilated noncombustible enclosure that prevents hazardous temperatures at adjacent combustible materials.
(i) The main supply conductor from the battery must have an emergency switch, located as close as practicable to the battery, that opens all ungrounded conductors.
(j) If a storage battery is not in the same compartment and adjacent to the panel or box that distributes power to the various lighting, motor and appliance branch circuits, the storage battery lead must be fused at the battery.
§ 169.669 Radiotelephone equipment.
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A separate circuit from the switchboard must be provided for each radiotelephone installation.
§ 169.670 Circuit breakers.
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Each circuit breaker must be of the manually reset type designed for—
(a) Inverse time delay;
(b) Instantaneous short circuit protection; and
(c) Repeated opening of the circuit without damage to the circuit breaker.
§ 169.671 Accessories.
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Each light, receptacle and switch exposed to the weather must be watertight and must be constructed of corrosion-resistant material.
§ 169.672 Wiring for power and lighting circuits.
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(a) Wiring for power and lighting circuits must have copper conductors, of 14 AWG or larger, and—
(1) Meet Article 310–8 and Table 310–13 of the National Electrical Code;
(2) Be listed as “50 volt boat cable”; or
(3) Meet subpart 111.60 of this chapter.
(b) Wiring for power and lighting circuits on new vessels must have stranded conductors.
(c) Conductors must be sized so that—
(1) They are adequate for the loads carried; and
(2) The voltage drop at the load terminals is not more than 10 percent.
§ 169.673 Installation of wiring for power and lighting circuits.
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(a) Wiring must be run as high as practicable above the bilges.
(b) Wiring, where subject to mechanical damage, must be protected.
(c) A wiring joint or splice must be mechanically secure and made in a junction box or enclosure.
(d) Unless a splice is made by an insulated pressure wire connector, it must be thoroughly soldered and taped with electrical insulating tape or the soldered joint must be otherwise protected to provide insulation equivalent to that of the conductors joined.
(e) Where ends of stranded conductors are to be clamped under terminal screws, they must be formed and soldered unless fitted with pressure terminal connectors.
(f) Conductors must be protected from overcurrent in accordance with their current-carrying capacities.
(g) Conductors supplying motors and motor operated appliances must be protected by a separate overcurrent device that is responsive to motor current. This device must be rated or set at not more than 125 percent of the motor full-load current rating.
(h) On metallic vessels the enclosures and frames of all major electrical equipment must be permanently grounded to the metal hull of the vessel by the mounting bolts or other means. Cable armor must not be used as the normal grounding means.
(i) On nonmetallic vessels, the enclosures and frames of major electrical equipment must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally noncurrent carrying conductor.
(j) For grounded systems the negative polarity of the supply source must be grounded to the metal hull or, for nonmetallic vessels, connected to the common ground.
(k) On a nonmetallic vessel, where a ground plate is provided for radio equipment it must be connected to the common ground.
(l) For grounded systems, hull return must not be used except for engine starting purposes.
Electrical Installations Operating at Potentials of 50 Volts or More on Vessels of Less Than 100 Gross Tons
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§ 169.674 Applicability.
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The requirements in this subpart apply to electrical installations operating at potentials of 50 volts or more, on vessels of less than 100 gross tons.
§ 169.675 Generators and motors.
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(a) Each generator and motor must be fitted with a nameplate of corrosion-resistant material marked with the following information as applicable:
(1) Name of manufacturer.
(2) Manufacturer's type and frame designation.
(3) Output in kilowatts or horsepower rating.
(4) Kind of rating (continuous, intermittent, etc.).
(5) Revolutions per minute at rated load.
(6) Amperes at rated load.
(7) Voltage.
(8) Frequency if applicable.
(9) Number of phases, if applicable.
(10) Type of winding (for direct-current motors).
(b) Each vessel of more than 65 feet in length having only electrically driven fire and bilge pumps must have two generators. One of these generators must be driven by a means independent of the auxiliary propulsion plant. A generator that is not independent of the auxiliary propulsion plant must meet the requirements of §111.10–4(c) of this chapter.
(c) Each generator and motor must be in a location that is accessible, adequately ventilated, and as dry as practicable.
(d) Each generator and motor must be mounted as high as practicable above the bilges to avoid damage by splash and to avoid contact with low lying vapors.
(e) Each motor for use in a location exposed to the weather must be of the watertight or waterproof type or must be enclosed in a watertight housing. The motor enclosure or housing must be provided with a check valve for drainage or a tapped hole at the lowest part of the frame for attaching a drain pipe or drain plug.
(f) Except as provided in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section, each generator and motor for use in a machinery space must be designed for an ambient temperature of 50 degrees C. (122 degrees F.).
(g) A generator or motor may be designed for an ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. (104 degrees F.) if the vessel is designed so that the ambient temperature in the machinery space will not exceed 40 degrees C. under normal operating conditions.
(h) A generator or motor designed for 40 degrees C. may be used in a 50 degrees C. ambient location provided it is derated to 80 percent of full load rating, and the rating or setting of the overcurrent device is reduced accordingly. A nameplate specifying the derated capacity must be provided for each motor and generator.
(i) A voltmeter and an ammeter must be provided that can be used for measuring voltage and current of each generator that is in operation. For each alternating-current generator a means for measuring frequency must also be provided. Additional control equipment and measuring instruments must be provided, if needed, to ensure satisfactory operation of each generator.
§ 169.676 Grounded electrical systems.
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(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each electrical system must meet subpart 111.05 of this chapter.
(b) Ground detection is not required.
§ 169.677 Equipment protection and enclosure.
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(a) Except as provided in this section, all electrical equipment including motors, generators, controllers, distribution panels, consoles, etc., must be at least dripproof and protected.
(b) Equipment mounted on a hinged door of an enclosure must be constructed or shielded so that no live parts of the door mounted equipment will be exposed to accidental contact by a person with the door open and the circuit energized.
(c) Any cabinet, panel, or box containing more than one source of potential in excess of 50 volts must be fitted with a sign warning personnel of this condition and identifying the circuits to be disconnected to remove all the potentials in excess of 50 volts.
(d) Each distribution panelboard must be enclosed.
§ 169.678 Main distribution panels and switchboards.
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(a) A distribution panel to which the generator leads are connected, and from which the electric leads throughout the vessel directly or indirectly receive their electric power is a switchboard.
(b) Each switchboard must have a driphood or an equivalent means of protecting against falling liquid.
(c) Nonconductive deck materials, mats, or gratings must be provided in front of each switchboard.
(d) If the switchboard is accessible from the rear, nonconductive deck material, mats, or gratings must be provided in the rear of the switchboard.
(e) Metal cases of instruments and secondary windings of instrument transformers must be grounded.
(f) Each switchboard must be placed in a location that is accessible, adequately ventilated, and as dry as practicable. All uninsulated current carrying parts must be mounted on nonabsorbent, noncombustible, high dielectric insulating material.
(g) Each switchboard must be of the dead front type.
(h) Each switchboard must have front and, if accessible from the back, rear non-conducting hand rails except on vessels where the surrounding bulkheads and decks are of an insulating material such as fiberglass or wood.
§ 169.679 Wiring for power and lighting circuits.
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Wiring for each power and lighting circuit must meet subpart 111.60 of this chapter.
§ 169.680 Installation of wiring for power and lighting circuits.
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(a) Wiring must be run as high as practicable above the bilges.
(b) Each cable installed where particularly susceptible to damage such as locations in way of doors, hatches, etc, must be protected by removable metal coverings, angle irons, pipe, or other equivalent means. All metallic coverings must be electrically continuous and grounded to the metal hull or common ground, and all coverings such as pipe that may trap moisture must be provided with holes for drainage. Where cable protection is carried through a watertight deck or bulkhead, the installation must maintain the watertight integrity of the structure.
(c) Each cable entering a box or fitting must be protected from abrasion, and must meet the following requirements:
(1) Each opening through which conductors enter must be adequately closed.
(2) Cable armor must be secured to the box or fitting.
(3) In damp or wetlocations, each cable entrance must be watertight. (continued)