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National
United States Regulations
46 CFR PART 111—ELECTRIC SYSTEMS—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Title 46: Shipping





PART 111—ELECTRIC SYSTEMS—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS




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Authority: 46 U.S.C. 3306, 3703; Department of Homeland Security Delegation No. 0170.1.

Source: CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart 111.01—General
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§ 111.01-1 General.
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(a) Electric installations on vessels must ensure:

(1) Maintenance of services necessary for safety under normal and emergency conditions.

(2) Protection of passengers, crew, other persons, and the vessel from electrical hazards.

(3) Maintenance of system integrity through compliance with the applicable system requirements (IEEE, NEC, IEC, etc.) to which plan review has been approved.

(b) Combustible material should be avoided in the construction of electrical equipment.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28275, June 4, 1996; 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.01-3 Placement of equipment.
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(a) Electric equipment must be arranged, as far as practicable, to prevent mechanical damage to the equipment from the accumulation of dust, oil vapors, steam, or dripping liquids.

(b) Apparatus that may arc must be ventilated or be in ventilated compartments in which flammable gases, acid fumes, and oil vapors cannot accumulate. Skylights and ventilators must be arranged to prevent flooding of the apparatus.

§ 111.01-5 Protection from bilge water.
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Each of the following in or around the bilge area must be arranged or constructed so that it cannot be damaged by bilge water:

(a) Generators.

(b) Motors.

(c) Electric coupling.

(d) Electric cable.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28275, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.01-7 Accessibility and spacing.
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(a) The design and arrangement of electric apparatus must afford accessibility to each part as needed to facilitate proper inspection, adjustment, maintenance, or replacement.

(b) Within an enclosure, the spacing between energized components (or between an energized component and ground) must be to the appropriate industry standard for the voltage and current utilized in the circuit. Additionally, spacing within any enclosure must be sufficient to facilitate servicing.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28275, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.01-9 Degrees of protection.
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(a) Interior electrical equipment exposed to dripping liquids or falling solid particles must be manufactured to at least NEMA 250 Type 2 or IEC IP 22 degree of protection as appropriate for the service intended.

(b) Electrical equipment in locations requiring exceptional degrees of protection as defined in §110.15–1 of this chapter must be enclosed to meet at least the minimum degrees of protection in ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, table 4/5B.1, or appropriate NEMA 250 Type for the service intended. Each enclosure must be designed in such a way that the total rated temperature of the equipment inside the enclosure is not exceeded.

(c) Central control consoles and similar control enclosures must be manufactured to at least NEMA 250 Type 2 or IEC IP 22 degree of protection regardless of location.

(d) Equipment for interior locations not requiring exceptional degrees of protection must be manufactured to at least NEMA 250 Type 1 with dripshield or IEC IP 11.

Note to §111.01–9: The degrees of protection specified in this section are described in NEMA Standards Publication No. 250 and IEC IP Code 529 and designated in ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, table 4/5B.1.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28275, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.01-11 Corrosion-resistant parts.
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Each enclosure and part of electric equipment that can be damaged by corrosion must be made of corrosion-resistant materials or of materials having a corrosion resistant finish.

§ 111.01-13 Limitations on porcelain use.
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Porcelain must not be used for lamp sockets, switches, receptacles, fuse blocks, or other electric equipment where the item is solidly mounted by machine screws or their equivalent, unless the porcelain piece is resiliently mounted.

§ 111.01-15 Temperature ratings.
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(a) In this subchapter, an ambient temperature of 40°C (104°F) is assumed except as otherwise stated.

(b) A 50°C (122°F) ambient temperature is assumed for all rotating electrical machinery in boiler rooms, engine rooms, auxiliary machinery rooms, and weather decks, unless it can be shown that a 45°C (113°F) ambient temperature will not be exceeded in these spaces.

(c) A 45°C (113°F) ambient temperature is assumed for cable and all other non-rotating electrical equipment in boiler rooms, in engine rooms, in auxiliary machinery rooms, and on weather decks. For installations using UL 489 SA marine type circuit breakers the ambient temperature for that component is assumed to be 40°C (104°F). For installations using Navy type circuit breakers the ambient temperature for that component is assumed to be 50°C (122°F).

(d) Unless otherwise indicated in this subchapter, a 55°C (131°F) ambient temperature is assumed for all control and instrumentation equipment.

(e) If electrical equipment is utilized in a space in which the equipment's rated ambient temperature is below the assumed ambient temperature of the space, its load must be derated. The assumed ambient temperature of the space plus the equipment's actual temperature rise at its derated load must not exceed the equipment's total rated temperature (equipment's rated ambient temperature plus its rated temperature rise).

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997; USCG–2004–18884, 69 FR 58348, Sept. 30, 2004]

§ 111.01-17 Voltage and frequency variations.
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Unless otherwise stated, electrical equipment must function at variations of at least ±5 percent of rated frequency and +6 percent to -10 percent of rated voltage. This limitation does not address transient conditions.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.01-19 Inclination of the vessel.
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(a) All electrical equipment must be designed and installed to operate for the particular location and environment in which it is to be used. Additionally, electrical equipment necessary for the maneuvering, navigation, and safety of the vessel or its personnel must be designed and installed to operate under any combination of the following conditions:

(1) 15 degrees static list, 22.5 degrees dynamic roll; and

(2) 7.5 degrees static trim.

(b) All emergency installations must be designed and installed to operate when the vessel is at 22.5 degrees list and 10 degrees trim.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

Subpart 111.05—Equipment Ground, Ground Detection, and Grounded Systems
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§ 111.05-1 Purpose.
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This subpart contains requirements for the grounding of electric systems, circuits, and equipment.

Note: Circuits are grounded to limit excessive voltage from lightning, transient surges, and unintentional contact with higher voltage lines, and to limit the voltage to ground during normal operation. Conductive materials enclosing electric conductors and equipment, or forming part of that equipment, are grounded to prevent a voltage above ground on the enclosure materials.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996]

Equipment Ground

§ 111.05-3 Design, construction, and installation; general.
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(a) An electric apparatus must be designed, constructed, and installed to prevent any person from accidentally contacting energized parts.

(b) Exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of fixed equipment that may become energized because of any condition must be grounded.

(c) Exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of portable equipment must be grounded through a conductor in the supply cable to the grounding pole in the receptacle.

(d) If the installation of the electrical equipment does not ensure a positive ground to the metal hull or equivalent conducting body, the apparatus must be grounded to the hull with a grounding conductor.

§ 111.05-7 Armored and metallic-sheathed cable.
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When installed, the metallic armor or sheath must meet the installation requirements of IEC 92–3 or section 20 of IEEE Std 45.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.05-9 Masts.
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Each nonmetallic mast and topmast must have a lightning ground conductor in accordance with section 10 of IEC 92–401.

[CGD 94–108, 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

System Grounding

§ 111.05-11 Hull return.
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(a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems:

(1) Impressed current cathodic protection systems.

(2) Limited and locally grounded systems, such as a battery system for engine starting that has a one-wire system and the ground lead connected to the engine.

(3) Insulation level monitoring devices if the circulation current does not exceed 30 milliamperes under the most unfavorable conditions.

(4) Welding systems with hull return except vessels subject to 46 CFR Subchapter D.

§ 111.05-13 Grounding connection.
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Each grounded system must have only one point of connection to ground regardless of the number of power sources operating in parallel in the system.

§ 111.05-15 Neutral grounding.
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(a) Each propulsion, power, lighting, or distribution system having a neutral bus or conductor must have the neutral grounded.

(b) The neutral of a dual-voltage system must be solidly grounded at the generator switchboard.

§ 111.05-17 Generation and distribution system grounding.
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The neutral of each grounded generation and distribution system must:

(a) Be grounded at the generator switchboard, except the neutral of an emergency power generation system must be grounded with:

(1) No direct ground connection at the emergency switchboard;

(2) The neutral bus permanently connected to the neutral bus on the main switchboard; and

(3) No switch, circuit breaker, or fuse in the neutral conductor of the bus-tie feeder connecting the emergency switchboard to the main switchboard; and

(b) Have the ground connection accessible for checking the insulation resistance of the generator to ground before the generator is connected to the bus.

§ 111.05-19 Tank vessels; grounded distribution systems.
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(a) If the voltage of a distribution system is less than 1,000 volts, line to line, a tank vessel must not have a grounded distribution system.

(b) If the voltage of a distribution system on a tank vessel is 1,000 volts or greater, line to line, and the distribution system is grounded (including high-impedance grounding), any resulting current must not flow through a hazardous (classified) location.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

Ground Detection

§ 111.05-21 Ground detection.
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There must be ground detection for each:

(a) Electric propulsion system;

(b) Ship's service power system;

(c) Lighting system; and

(d) Power or lighting distribution system that is isolated from the ship's service power and lighting system by transformers, motor generator sets, or other devices.

§ 111.05-23 Location of ground indicators.
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Ground indicators must:

(a) Be at the vessel's ship's service generator distribution switchboard for the normal power, normal lighting, and emergency lighting systems;

(b) Be at the propulsion switchboard for propulsion systems; and

(c) Be readily accessible.

(d) Be provided (at the distribution switchboard or at another location, such as a centralized monitoring position for the circuit affected) for each feeder circuit that is isolated from the main source by a transformer or other device.

Note to paragraph (d): An alarm contact or indicating device returned to the main switchboard via a control cable, that allows the detecting equipment to remain near the transformer or other isolating device for local troubleshooting, is allowed.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996; 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.05-25 Ungrounded systems.
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Each ungrounded system must be provided with a suitably sensitive ground detection system located at the respective switchboard which provides continuous indication of circuit status to ground with a provision to momentarily remove the indicating device from the reference ground.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.05-27 Grounded neutral alternating current systems.
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Grounded neutral and high-impedance grounded neutral alternating current systems must have a suitably sensitive ground detection system which indicates current in the ground connection, is able to withstand the maximum available fault current without damage, and provides continuous indication of circuit status to ground. A provision must be included to compare indications under fault conditions with those under normal conditions.

[CGD 94–108, 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.05-29 Dual voltage direct current systems.
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Each dual voltage direct current system must have a suitably sensitive ground detection system which indicates current in the ground connection, has a range of at least 150 percent of neutral current rating and indicates the polarity of the fault.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996]

Grounded Conductors

§ 111.05-31 Grounding conductors for systems.
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(a) A conductor for grounding a direct-current system must be the larger of:

(1) The largest conductor supplying the system; or

(2) No. 8 AWG (8.4mm 2 ).

(b) A conductor for grounding the neutral of an alternating-current system must meet Table 111.05–31(b).


Table 111.05-31(b)_Neutral Grounding Conductor for Alternating-Current
System
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Size of the largest generator cable or equivalent
for parallel generators_AWG-MCM (mm\2\) Size of the system
--------------------------------------------------- grounding
Less than or conductor_AWG(mm\2\)
Greater than equal to
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 (33.6)......... 8 (8.4)
2 (33.6)....................... 0 (53.5)......... 6 (13.3)
0 (53.5)....................... 3/0 (85.0)....... 4 (21.2)
3/0 (85.0)..................... 350 MCM (177).... 2 (33.6)
350 MCM (177).................. 600 MCM (304).... 0 (53.5)
600 MCM (304).................. 1100 MCM (557)... 2/0 (67.5)
1100 MCM (557)................. ................. 3/0 (85.0)
------------------------------------------------------------------------


§ 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.
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(a) Each equipment grounding conductor must be sized in accordance with article 250–95 of the National Electrical Code (the NEC) (NFPA 70).

(b) Each equipment grounding conductor (other than a system grounding conductor) of a cable must be permanently identified as a grounding conductor in accordance with the requirements of article 310–12(b) of the NEC.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.05-37 Overcurrent devices.
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(a) A permanently grounded conductor must not have an overcurrent device unless the overcurrent device simultaneously opens each ungrounded conductor of the circuit.

(b) The neutral conductor of the emergency-main switchboard bus-tie must not have a switch or circuit breaker.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996]

Subpart 111.10—Power Supply
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§ 111.10-1 Definitions.
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As used in this Subpart:

(a) Ships's service loads mean electrical equipment for all auxiliary services necessary for maintaining the vessel in a normal, operational and habitable condition. Ship's service loads include, but are not limited to, all safety, lighting, ventilation, navigational, communications, habitability, and propulsion auxiliary loads. Electrical propulsion motor, bow thruster motor, cargo transfer, drilling, cargo refrigeration for other than Class 5.2 organic peroxides and Class 4.1 self-reactive substances, and other industrial type loads are not included.

(b) Drilling loads means all loads associated exclusively with the drilling operation including power to the drill table, mud system, and positioning equipment.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996; 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.10-3 Two generating sources.
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In addition to the emergency power sources required under part 112 of this chapter, each self-propelled vessel and each mobile offshore drilling unit must have at least two electric generating sources.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28276, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.10-4 Power requirements, generating sources.
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(a) The aggregate capacity of the electric ship's service generating sources required in §111.10–3 must be sufficient for the ship's service loads.

(b) With the ship's service generating source of the largest capacity stopped, the combined capacity of the remaining electric ship's service generating source or sources must be sufficient to supply those services necessary to provide normal operational conditions of propulsion and safety, and minimum comfortable conditions of habitability. Habitability services include cooking, heating, air conditioning (where installed), domestic refrigeration, mechanical ventilation, sanitation, and fresh water.

(c) The capacity of the ship's service generating sources must be sufficient for supplying the ship's service loads without the use of a generating source which is dependent upon the speed or direction of the main propelling engines or shafting.

(d) Operating generators must provide a continuous and uninterrupted source of power for the ship's service load under normal operational conditions. Any vessel speed change or throttle movement must not cause a ship's service load power interruption.

(e) Vessels with electric propulsion that have two or more constant-voltage generators which supply both ship's service and propulsion power do not need additional ship's service generators provided that with any one propulsion/ship's service generator out of service the capacity of the remaining generator(s) is sufficient for the electrical loads necessary to provide normal operational conditions of propulsion and safety, and minimum comfortable conditions of habitability.

(f) A generator driven by a main propulsion unit (such as a shaft generator) which is capable of providing electrical power continuously, regardless of the speed and direction of the propulsion shaft, may be considered one of the ship's service generating sets required by §111.10–3. A main-engine-dependent generator which is not capable of providing continuous electrical power may be utilized as a supplemental generator provided that a required ship's service generator or generators having sufficient capacity to supply the ship's service loads can be automatically brought on line prior to the main-engine-dependent generator tripping off-line due to a change in the speed or direction of the main propulsion unit.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996; 61 FR 36787, July 12, 1996]

§ 111.10-5 Multiple energy sources.
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Failure of any single generating set energy source such as a boiler, diesel, gas turbine, or steam turbine must not cause all generating sets required in §111.10–3 to be inoperable.

§ 111.10-7 Dead ship.
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(a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition.

(b) If the emergency generator is used for part or all of the electric power necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition, the emergency generator must be capable of providing power to all emergency lighting, emergency internal communications systems, and fire detection and alarm systems in addition to the power utilized for starting the main propulsion plant. Additional requirements are in §112.05–3(c) of this chapter.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.10-9 Ship's service supply transformers; two required.
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If transformers are used to supply the ship's service distribution system required by this subpart for ships and mobile offshore drilling units, there must be at least two installed, independent power transformers. With the largest transformer out of service, the capacity of the remaining units must be sufficient to supply the ship service loads.

Note to §111.10–9: A ship's service supply system would consist of transformers, overcurrent protection devices, and cables, and would normally be located in the system between a medium voltage bus and a low voltage ship's service switchboard.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996; 61 FR 33045, June 26, 1996]

Subpart 111.12—Generator Construction and Circuits
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§ 111.12-1 Prime movers.
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(a) Prime movers must meet part 58, subpart 58.10, of this chapter, sections 4/5C2.15 and 4/5C2.17 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels and, for mobile offshore drilling units, section 4/3.21 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units. Additional requirements for prime movers for emergency generators are in part 112, subpart 112.50, of this chapter.

(b) Each generator prime mover must have an overspeed device that is independent of the normal operating governor and adjusted so that the speed cannot exceed the maximum rated speed by more than 15 percent.

(c) Each prime mover must shut down automatically upon loss of lubricating pressure to the generator bearings if the generator is directly coupled to the engine. If the generator is operating from a power take-off, such as a shaft driven generator on a main propulsion engine, the generator must automatically declutch (disconnect) from the prime mover upon loss of lubricating pressure to generator bearings.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996; 61 FR 33045, June 26, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23907, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.12-3 Excitation.
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Excitation must meet sections 4/5C2.19.1, 4/5D2.5.1, 4/5D2.5.2, and 4/5D2.17.6 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels or, for a mobile offshore drilling unit, section 4/3.23 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, except a static exciter must not be used for excitation of an emergency generator unless it is provided with a permanent magnet or a residual magnetism type exciter that has the capability of voltage build-up after two months of no operation.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996; 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.12-5 Generator construction and testing.
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Each generator must meet the applicable construction and test requirements of section 4/5 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels or, for mobile offshore drilling units, section 4/3 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996; 61 FR 33045, June 26, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.12-7 Voltage regulation and parallel operation.
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Voltage regulation and parallel operation must meet sections 4/5C2.19.2, 4/5C2.19.3, 4/5C2.21.2, and 4/5C2.21.3 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels or, for mobile offshore drilling units, sections 4/3.31 and 4/3.33 of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996; 61 FR 33045, June 26, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.12-9 Generator cables.
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(a) The current-carrying capacity of generator cables must not be:

(1) Less than 115 percent of the continuous generator rating; or

(2) Less than 115 percent of the overload for a machine with a 2 hour or greater overload rating.

(b) Generator cables must not be in the bilges.

§ 111.12-11 Generator protection.
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(a) Applicability. This section applies to each generator except a propulsion generator.

(b) General. Each ship's service generator and emergency generator must be protected by an individual, tripfree, air circuit breaker whose tripping characteristics can be set or adjusted to closely match the generator capabilities and meet the coordination requirements of Subpart 111.51. Each circuit breaker must contain the trips required by this section.

(c) Type of trips. A circuit breaker for a generator must:

(1) Open upon the shutting down of the prime mover;

(2) Have longtime overcurrent trips or relays set as necessary to coordinate with the trip settings of the feeder circuit breakers; and

(3) Not have an instantaneous trip with the exception that an instantaneous trip is required if:

(i) Three or more alternating-current generators can be paralleled; or

(ii) The circuit breaker is for a direct current generator.

(d) Setting of longtime overcurrent trips. The pickup setting of the longtime overcurrent trip of a generator circuit breaker must not be larger than:

(1) 115 percent of the generator rating for a continuous rated machine; or

(2) 115 percent of the overload rating for a machine with a 2-hour or greater overload rating.

(e) Setting of instantaneous trips. The instantaneous trip of a generator circuit breaker must be set above, but as close as practicable to, the maximum asymmetrical short circuit available from any one of the generators that can be paralleled.

(f) Reverse-power and reverse-current trips. Each generator arranged for parallel operation must have reverse-power or reverse-current trips.

(g) Location. A ship's service generator overcurrent protective device must be on the ship's service generator switchboard. The generator and its switchboard must be in the same space. (For the purposes of this section, the following are not considered separate from the machinery space: (1) A control room that is inside of the machinery casing and (2) a dedicated switch-gear and semiconductor rectifier (SCR) compartment on a mobile offshore drilling unit that is separate from but directly adjacent to and on the same level as the generator room).

(h) Three-wire, single-phase and four-wire, three-phase generators. There must be circuit breaker poles for each generator lead, except in the neutral lead.

(i) Three-wire, direct-current generators. Each three-wire, direct current generator must meet the following requirements:

(1) Circuit breaker poles. There must be separate circuit breaker poles for the positive and negative leads, and, unless the main poles provide protection, for each equalizer lead. If there are equalizer poles for a three-wire generator, each overload trip must be of the “Algebraic” type. If there is a neutral pole in the generator circuit breaker, there must not be an overload trip element for the neutral pole. In this case, there must be a neutral overcurrent relay and alarm system that is set to function at a current value not more than the neutral rating.

(2) Equalizer buses. For each three-wire generator, the circuit breaker must protect against a short circuit on the equalizer bus.

(j) Circuit breaker reclosing. Generator circuit breakers must not automatically close after tripping.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 81–030, 53 FR 17847, May 18, 1988; CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996; 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.12-13 Propulsion generator protection.
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For general requirements, see §111.35–1 of this chapter.

Subpart 111.15—Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation
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§ 111.15-1 General.
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Each battery must meet the requirements of this subpart.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.15-2 Battery construction.
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(a) A battery cell, when inclined at 40 degrees from the vertical, must not spill electrolyte.

(b) Each fully charged lead-acid battery must have a specific gravity that meets section 16 of IEEE Std 45.

(c) Batteries must not evolve hydrogen at a rate exceeding that of a similar size lead-acid battery under similar charging condition.

(d) Batteries must be constructed to take into account the environmental conditions of a marine installation, including temperature, vibration, and shock.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28277, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.15-3 Battery categories.
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(a) A battery installation is classified as one of three types, based upon power output of the battery charger, as follows:

(1) Large. A large battery installation is one connected to a battery charger that has an output of more than 2 kw computed from the highest possible charging current and the rated voltage of the battery installation.

(2) Moderate. A moderate battery installation is one connected to a battery charger that has an output of between 0.2 kw and 2 kw computed from the highest possible charging current and the rated voltage of the battery installation.

(3) Small. A small battery installation is one connected to a battery charger that has an output of less than 0.2 kw computed from the highest possible charging current and the rated voltage of the battery installation.

(b) Batteries that generate less hydrogen under normal charging and discharging conditions than an equivalent category of lead-acid batteries (e.g., sealed batteries) may have their battery category reduced to an equivalent category of lead-acid batteries.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.15-5 Battery installation.
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(a) Large batteries. Each large battery installation must be in a room that is only for batteries or a box on deck. Installed electrical equipment must meet the hazardous location requirements in subpart 111.105 of this part.

(b) Moderate batteries. Each moderate battery installation must be in a battery room, in a box on deck, or in a box or locker in another space such as an engineroom, storeroom, or similar space, except if a moderate battery installation is in a ventilated compartment such as the engineroom and is protected from falling objects, a box or locker is not required. A moderate battery installation must not be in a sleeping space. An engine cranking battery for one or more engines must be as close as possible to the engine or engines.

(c) Small batteries. Small size battery installations must not be located in poorly-ventilated spaces, such as closets, or in living spaces, such as staterooms.

(d) Battery trays. Each battery tray must be chocked with wood strips or their equivalent to prevent movement, and each tray must have non-absorbent insulating supports on the bottom and similar spacer blocks at the sides, or equivalent provisions for air circulation space all around each tray. Each battery tray must provide adequate accessibility for installation, maintenance, and removal of the batteries.

(e) Nameplates. Each battery must be provided with the name of its manufacturer, model number, type designation, either the cold cranking amp rating or the amp-hour rating at a specific discharge and, for a lead-acid battery, the fully charged specific gravity value. This information must be permanently fixed to the battery.

(f) Lining in battery rooms and lockers. (1) Each battery room and locker must have a watertight lining that is—

(i) On each shelf to a height of at least 76 mm (3 inches); or

(ii) On the deck to a height of at least 152 mm (6 inches).

(2) For lead-acid batteries, the lining must be 1.6 mm ( 1/16 inch) thick lead or other material that is corrosion-resistant to the electrolyte of the battery.

(3) For alkaline batteries, the lining must be 0.8 mm ( 1/32 inch) thick steel or other material that is corrosion-resistant to the electrolyte of the battery.

(g) Lining of battery boxes. Each battery box must have a watertight lining to a height of at least 76 mm (3 inches) that meets paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(3) of this section.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996; 61 FR 36787, July 12, 1996; 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.15-10 Ventilation.
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(a) General. Each room, locker, and box for storage batteries must be arranged or ventilated to prevent accumulation of flammable gas.

(b) Power ventilation. If power ventilation is required, the following must be met:

(1) The power ventilation system must be separate from ventilation systems for other spaces.

(2) Electric motors must be outside the duct and compartment and:

(i) Have an explosion-proof motor for a Class I, Division 1, Group B location; or

(ii) Be at least 10 ft. (3 m) from the exhaust end of the duct.

(3) Each blower must have a non-sparking fan.

(4) The power ventilation system must be interlocked with the battery charger so that the battery cannot be charged without ventilation.

(c) Large battery installations. Each battery room for large battery installations must have a power exhaust ventilation system and have openings for intake air near the floor that allow the passage of the quantity of air that must be expelled. The quantity of the air expelled must be at least:

q=3.89(i)(n).


where: q=quantity of expelled air in cubic feet per hour.

i=Maximum charging current during gas formation, or one-fourth of the maximum obtainable charging current of the charging facility, whichever is greater.

n=Number of cells.


(d) Moderate and small battery installations. Each battery room or battery locker for moderate or small battery installations must have louvers near the bottom of the room or locker for air, and must be ventilated by:

(1) Ventilation that meets paragraph (c) of this section;

(2) An exhaust duct:

(i) That ends in a mechanically ventilated space or in the weather;

(ii) That extends from the top of the room or locker to at least 3 ft. (1 m) above the top of the room or locker;

(iii) That is at an angle of 45 degrees or less from the vertical; and

(iv) That has no appliances, such as flame arresters, that impede free passage of air or gas mixtures; or

(3) A duct from the top of the room or locker to an exhaust ventilation duct.

(e) Deck boxes. Except for a deck box for a small battery installation, each deck box must have a duct from the top of the box to at least 4 ft. (1.2 m) above the box ending in a gooseneck or mushroom head that prevents entrance of water. Holes for air must be on at least two parallel sides of each box.

(f) Weathertight. Each deck box must be weathertight.

(g) Boxes for small battery installations. Each box for a small battery installation must have openings near the top to allow escape of gas. If the installation is in a non-environmentally-controlled location, the installation must prevent the ingress of water.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.15-20 Conductors.
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(a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight.

(b) The termination of each cable must be sealed to prevent the entrance of electrolyte by spray or creepage.

(c) Each connecting cable must have sufficient capacity to carry the maximum charging current or maximum discharge current, whichever is greater, while maintaining the proper voltage at the load end.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.15-25 Overload and reverse current protection.
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(a) An overload protective device must be in each battery conductor, except conductors of engine cranking batteries and batteries with a nominal potential of 6 volts or less. For large storage battery installations, the overcurrent protective devices must be next to, but outside of, the battery room.

(b) Except when a rectifier is used, the charging equipment for all batteries with a nominal voltage more than 20 percent of line voltage must protect automatically against reversal of current.

§ 111.15-30 Battery chargers.
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Each battery charger enclosure must meet §111.01–9. Additionally, each charger must be suitable for the size and type of battery installation that it serves. Chargers incorporating grounded autotransformers must not be used. Except for rectifiers, chargers with a voltage exceeding 20 percent of the line voltage must be provided with automatic protection against reversal of current.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996; 61 FR 36787, July 12, 1996]

Subpart 111.20—Transformer Construction, Installation, and Protection
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§ 111.20-1 General requirements.
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Each transformer winding must be resistant to moisture, sea atmosphere, and oil vapor, unless special precautions are taken, such as enclosing the winding in an enclosure with a high degree of ingress protection.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.20-5 Temperature rise.
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(a) The temperature rise, based on an ambient temperature of 40 degrees C, must not exceed the following:

(1) For Class A insulation, 55 degrees C.

(2) For Class B insulation, 80 degrees C.

(3) For Class F insulation, 115 degrees C.

(4) For Class H insulation, 150 degrees C.

(b) If the ambient temperature is higher than 40 degrees C, the transformer must be derated so that the total temperature stated in this section is not exceeded. The temperature must be taken by the resistance method.

§ 111.20-10 Autotransformers.
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An autotransformer must not supply feeders or branch circuits.

§ 111.20-15 Transformer overcurrent protection.
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Each transformer must have protection against overcurrent that meets article 450 of the NEC or IEC 92–303.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996]

Subpart 111.25—Motors
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§ 111.25-1 General requirements.
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The requirements for generators contained in §111.12–5 apply to motors.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.25-5 Marking.
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(a) Each motor must have a marking or nameplate that meets either article 430–7 of the NEC or IEC 92–301 (clause 16).

(b) The marking or nameplate for each motor that is in a corrosive location must be corrosion-resistant.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.25-15 Duty cycle.
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Each motor must be rated for continuous duty, except a motor for an application listed in Table 111.25–15 or a similar duty must meet the minimum short-time rating stated in the table.


Table 111.25-15
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum short-time rating of
Application of motor motor, in hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deck winch and direct acting capstan...... Half.
Deck winch with hydraulic transmission.... Continuous at no load
followed by \1/2\ hr. at
full load.
Direct acting windlass.................... One fourth.
Windlass with hydraulic transmission...... Half hour idle pump
operation, followed by \1/
4\ hr. full load operation.
Steering gear, direct acting.............. One.
Steering gear, indirect drive............. Continuous operation at 15
pct. load followed by 1 hr.
at full load.
Watertight door operators................. \1/12\.
Boat winches.............................. \1/12\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Subpart 111.30—Switchboards
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§ 111.30-1 Location and installation.
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Each switchboard must meet the location and installation requirements of section 17.1 of IEEE Std 45 or IEC 92–302, as applicable.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.30-3 Accessibility of switchboard components and connections.
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Each component and bus bar connection on a switchboard that is not accessible from the rear, except a bus bar connection for a draw-out type circuit breaker, must be within 0.5 m (20 in.) of the front of the switchboard.

§ 111.30-4 Circuit breakers removable from the front.
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Circuit breakers, when installed on generator or distribution switchboards, must be mounted or arranged in such a manner that the circuit breaker may be removed from the front without unbolting bus or cable connections or deenergizing the supply, unless the switchboard is divided into sections, such that each section is capable of providing power to maintain the vessel in a navigable condition, and meets §111.30–24 (a) and (b).

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.30-5 Construction.
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(a) All low voltage and medium voltage switchboards (as low and medium are determined within the standard used) must meet—

(1) For low voltages, either section 17.2 of IEEE Std 45 or IEC 92–302, clause 6; or

(2) For medium voltages, either section 17.3 of IEEE Std 45 or IEC 92–503, as appropriate.

(b) Each switchboard must be fitted with a dripshield unless the switchboard is a deck-to-overhead mounted type which cannot be subjected to leaks or falling objects.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.30-11 Deck coverings.
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Non-conducting deck coverings, such as non-conducting mats or gratings, suitable for the specific switchboard voltage must be installed for personnel protection at the front and rear of the switchboard and must extend the entire length of, and be of sufficient width to suit, the operating space.

[CGD 94–108, 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.30-15 Nameplates.
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(a) Each device must have a nameplate showing the device's function.

(b) Each nameplate for a circuit breaker must show the electrical load served and the setting of the circuit breaker.

§ 111.30-17 Protection of instrument circuits.
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(a) Each circuit that supplies a device on a switchboard, except a circuit under paragraph (b) of this section, must have overcurrent protection.

(b) A circuit that supplies a device on a switchboard must not have overload protection if it supplies:

(1) An electric propulsion control;

(2) A voltage regulator;

(3) A ship's service generator circuit breaker tripping control; or

(4) A device that creates a hazard to the vessel if deenergized.

(c) If short circuit protection is used in any of the circuits listed in paragraph (b) of this section, it must be set at not less than 500% of the expected current.

(d) A secondary circuit of a current transformer must not be fused, and the circuit from a current transformer to a device that is not in the switchboard must have a high voltage protector to short the transformer during an open circuit.

§ 111.30-19 Buses and wiring.
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(a) General. Each bus must meet the requirements of either—

(1) Section 17.11 of IEEE Std 45; or

(2) IEC 92–302 (clause 6).

(b) Wiring. Instrumentation and control wiring must be—

(1) Suitable for installation within in a switchboard enclosure and be rated at 90° C or higher;

(2) Stranded copper;

(3) No. 14 AWG (2.10 mm 2 ) or larger or must be ribbon cable or similar conductor size cable recommended for use in low-power instrumentation, monitoring, or control circuits by the equipment manufacturer;

(4) Flame retardant meeting ANSI/UL 1581 test VW–1 or IEC 332–1; and

(5) Extra flexible, if used on a hinged panel.

[CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28278, June 4, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 23908, May 1, 1997]

§ 111.30-24 Generation systems greater than 3000 kw.
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Except on a non-self-propelled mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) and a non-self-propelled floating Outer Continental Shelf facility, when the total installed electric power of the ship's service generation system is more than 3000 kW, the switchboard must have the following:

(a) At least two sections of the main bus that are connected by:

(1) A non-automatic circuit breaker;

(2) A disconnect switch; or

(3) Removable links.

(b) As far as practicable, the connection of generators and duplicated equipment equalized between the sections of the main bus.

[CGD 74–125A, 47 FR 15236, Apr. 8, 1982, as amended by CGD 94–108, 61 FR 28279, June 4, 1996]

§ 111.30-25 Alternating-current ship's service switchboards.
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(a) Except as allowed in paragraph (g) of this section, each alternating-current ship's service switchboard must have the equipment required by paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section.

(b) For each connected generator, each switchboard must have the following:

(1) A circuit breaker that meets §111.12–11 and §111.50–5.

(2) A disconnect switch or link for each generator conductor, except a switchboard having a draw-out or plug-in type generator circuit breaker that disconnects:

(i) Each generator conductor; or

(ii) If there is a switch in the generator neutral, each ungrounded conductor.

(3) A pilot lamp connected between the generator and the circuit breaker.

(4) An ammeter with a selector switch that connects the ammeter to show the current in each phase.

(5) A voltmeter with a selector switch that connects the voltmeter to show the:

(i) Generator voltage of each phase; and

(ii) Bus voltage of one phase.

(6) A voltage regulator and voltage regulator functional cut-out switch.

(c) For each generator that is not excited from a variable voltage or rotary amplifier that is controlled by a voltage regulator unit acting on the exciter field, each switchboard must have:

(1) A generator field rheostat;

(2) A double-pole field switch;

(3) Discharge clips; and

(4) A discharge resistor.

(d) If generators are arranged for parallel operation, each switchboard must have:

(1) A speed control for the prime mover of each generator;

(2) An indicating wattmeter for each generator; and

(3) A synchroscope and synchronizing lamp that have a selector switch to show synchronization for paralleling generators.

(e) Each switchboard must have the following:

(1) Ground detection that meets Subpart 111.05 for the:

(i) Ship's service power system;

(ii) Normal lighting system; and

(iii) Emergency lighting system.

(2) A frequency meter with a selector switch to connect the meter to each generator.

(3) An exciter field rheostat.

(f) For each shore power connection each switchboard must have:

(1) A circuit breaker or fused switch;

(2) A pilot light connected to the shore side of the circuit breaker or fused switch; and

(3) One of the voltmeters under paragraph (b)(5) of this section connected to show the voltage of each phase of the shore power connection.

(g) The equipment under paragraphs (b), (d), (e), and (f) of this section, except the equipment under paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (f)(1), must be on the ship's service switchboard or on a central control console that:

(1) Is in the same control area as the main ship's service switchboard or can remotely control the ship's service generator circuit breaker;

(2) Has a generator section that has only generator functions;

(3) Has the generator section segregated from each other console section by a fire-resistant barrier; and

(4) Has cabling from the main switchboard to the generator section of the console that:

(i) Has only generator control and generator instrumentation circuits; and

(ii) Is protected from mechanical damage.

§ 111.30-27 Direct current ship's service switchboards.
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(a) Each direct current ship's service switchboard must have the equipment required by paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section.

(b) For each connected generator, each switchboard must have the following:

(1) A circuit breaker that meets §111.12–11 and §111.50–5.

(2) A disconnect switch or link for each generator conductor, except a switchboard having a draw-out or plug-in type generator circuit breaker that disconnects—

(i) Each conductor; or

(ii) If there is a switch in the generator neutral, each ungrounded conductor.

(3) A field rheostat.

(4) A pilot lamp connected between the generator and circuit breaker.

(c) For each two-wire generator, each switchboard must have:

(1) An ammeter; and

(2) A voltmeter with a selector switch that connects the voltmeter to show:

(i) Generator voltage; and

(ii) Bus voltage.

(d) For each three-wire generator, each switchboard must have the following:

(1) An ammeter for:

(i) The positive lead; and

(ii) The negative lead.

(2) A center zero type ammeter for the neutral ground connection.

(3) A voltmeter with a selector switch that connects the voltmeter to show generator and bus voltage:

(i) Positive to negative;

(ii) Positive to neutral; and

(iii) Neutral to negative.

(e) Each switchboard must have ground detection that meets Subpart 111.05 for the:

(1) Main power system;

(2) Main lighting system; and

(3) Emergency lighting system.

(f) For each shore power connection, each switchboard must have:

(1) A circuit breaker or fused switch; and

(2) A pilot light connected to the shore side.

(g) One of the voltmeters under paragraph (c)(2) or (d)(3) of this section must be connected to show:

(1) For each two-wire system, shore connection voltage; and

(2) For each three-wire system, shore connection voltage:

(i) Positive to negative;

(ii) Positive to neutral; and

(iii) Neutral to negative.

§ 111.30-29 Emergency switchboards.
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(a) Each emergency generator must have an emergency switchboard.

(b) There must be a testswitch at the emergency switchboard to simulate a failure of the normal power source and cause the emergency loads to be supplied from the emergency power source. (continued)