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(continued)
(1) Table 28.140 in this section;
(2) The servicing procedure under the subpart of this chapter applicable to the item's approval; and
(3) The manufacturer's guidelines.
(c) An inflatable liferaft or inflatable buoyant apparatus must be serviced no later than the month and year on its servicing sticker affixed under 46 CFR 160.151–57(n), and whenever the container is damaged or the container straps or seals are broken. It must be serviced at a facility specifically approved by the Commandant for the particular brand.
(d) An escape route from a space where an individual may be employed or an accommodation space must not be obstructed.
Table 28.140_Scheduled Maintenance and Inspection of Lifesaving Equipment
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interval
Item ------------------------------------------------ Regulation
Monthly Annually
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Inflatable wearable personal ...................... Servicing............. 28.140
flotation device (Type V
commercial hybrid).
(2) Personal flotation devices, ...................... Inspect, clean and 28.140
exposure suits and immersion suits. repair as necessary.
(3) Buoyant apparatus and life ...................... Inspect, clean and 28.140
floats. repair as necessary.
(4) Inflatable liferaft............ ...................... Servicing \1\......... 28.140
(5) Inflatable buoyant apparatus... ...................... Servicing \1\......... 28.140
(6) Hydrostatic release............ ...................... Servicing \1\......... 28.140
(7) Disposable hydrostatic release. ...................... Replace on or before 28.140
expiration date.
(8) Undated batteries.............. ...................... Replace............... 28.140
(9) Dated batteries \2\ and other ...................... Replace on or before 25.26-50, 28.140
items. expiration date.
(10) EPIRB......................... Test.................. ...................... 25.26-50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For a new liferaft or inflatable buoyant apparatus, the first annual servicing may be deferred to two years
from the date of first packing if so indicated on the servicing sticker.
\2\ Water activated batteries must be replaced whenever they are used.
[CGD 88–079, 56 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991; 56 FR 49822, Oct. 1, 1991, as amended at USCG-2001–11118, 67 FR 58540, Sept. 17, 2002; USCG-2004–18884, 69 FR 58344, Sept. 30, 2004]
§ 28.145 Distress signals.
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Except as provided by 28.305, each vessel must be equipped with the distress signals specified in table 28.145.
Table 28.145_Distress Signals
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Devices required
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ocean, more than 50 miles from coastline.. 3 parachute flares, approval
series 160.136; plus 6 hand
flares, approval series
160.121; plus 3 smoke
signals, approval series
160.122.
Ocean, 3-50 miles from the coastline; or 3 parachute flares, approval
more than 3 miles from the coastline on series 160.136, or 160.036;
the Great Lakes. plus 6 hand flares,
approval series 160.121 or
160.021; plus 3 smoke
signals, approval series
160.122, 160.022, or
160.037.
Coastal waters, excluding the Great Lakes; Night visual distress
or within 3 miles of the coastline on the signals consisting of one
Great Lakes. electric distress light,
approval series 161.013 or
3 approved flares; plus Day
visual distress signals
consisting of one distress
flag, approval series
160.072, or 3 approved
flares, or 3 approved smoke
signals.\1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ If flares are carried, the same 3 flares may be counted toward
meeting both the day and night requirement.
[CGD 88–079, 56 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991, as amended at 60 FR 48048, Sept. 18, 1995; USCG-2000–7790, 65 FR 58458, Sept. 29, 2000]
§ 28.150 Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs).
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Each vessel must be equipped with an emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) as required by 46 CFR part 25, subpart 25.26.
Note: Each vessel which uses radio communication equipment must have a Ship Radio Station License issued by the Federal Communications Commission, as set forth in 47 CFR part 80.
§ 28.155 Excess fire detection and protection equipment.
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Installation of fire detection and protection equipment in excess of that required by the regulations in this subchapter is permitted provided that the excess equipment does not endanger the vessel or individuals on board in any way. The excess equipment must, at a minimum, be listed and labeled by an independent, nationally recognized testing laboratory and be in accordance with an appropriate industry standard for design, installation, testing, and maintenance.
§ 28.160 Portable fire extinguishers.
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(a) Each vessel must meet the requirements of part 25, subpart 25.30 of this chapter.
(b) Each vessel 65 feet (19.8 meters) or more in length must be equipped with the minimum number, location, and type of portable fire extinguishers specified in table 28.160.
Table 28.160_Portable Fire Extinguishers for Vessels 65 Feet (19.8
Meters) or More in Length
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Space Classification Quantity and location
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safety areas, communicating A-II............. 1 in each main
corridors. corridor not more
than 150 feet (49.2
meters) apart. (May
be located in
stairways.)
Pilothouse.................... C-I.............. 2 in vicinity of
exit.
Service spaces, galleys....... B-II or C-II..... 1 for each 2,500
square feet (269.1
sq. meters) or
fraction thereof
suitable for hazards
involved.
Paint lockers................. B-II............. 1 outside space in
vicinity of exit.
Accessible baggage and A-II............. 1 for each 2,500
storerooms. square feet (269.1
sq. meters) or
fraction thereof
located in the
vicinity of exits,
either inside or
outside the spaces.
Work shops and similar spaces. A-II............. 1 outside the space
in vicinity of exit.
Machinery spaces; Internal B-II............. 1 for each 1,000
combustion propelling brake horsepower or
machinery. fraction thereof but
not less than 2 nor
more than 6.
Electric propulsion motors or C-II............. 1 for each propulsion
generator unit of open type. motor generator
unit.
Auxiliary spaces.............. B-II............. 1 outside the space
in the vicinity of
exit.
Internal combustion machinery. B-II............. 1 outside the space
in the vicinity of
exit.
Electric emergency motors or C-II............. 1 outside the space
generators. in the vicinity of
exit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[CGD 88–079, 56 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991; 56 FR 47679, Sept. 20, 1991]
§ 28.165 Injury placard.
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Each vessel must have posted in a highly visible location accessible to the crew a placard measuring at least 5 inches by 7 inches (127 millimeters by 178 millimeters) which reads:
Notice
Report All Injuries
United States law, 46 United States Code 10603, requires each seaman on a fishing vessel, fish processing vessel, or fish tender vessel to notify the master or individual in charge of the vessel or other agent of the employer regarding any illness, disability, or injury suffered by the seaman when in service to the vessel not later than seven days after the date on which the illness, disability, or injury arose.
Subpart C—Requirements for Documented Vessels That Operate Beyond the Boundary Lines or With More Than 16 Individuals On Board, or for Fish Tender Vessels Engaged in the Aleutian Trade
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§ 28.200 Applicability.
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Each documented commercial fishing industry vessel must meet the requirements of this subpart in addition to the requirements of subparts A and B of this part if it:
(a) Operates beyond the Boundary Lines;
(b) Operates with more than 16 individuals on board; or
(c) Is a fish tender vessel engaged in the Aleutian trade.
[CGD 94–025, 60 FR 54444, Oct. 24, 1995]
§ 28.205 Fireman's outfits and self-contained breathing apparatus.
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(a) Each vessel that operates with more than 49 individuals on board must be equipped with at least two fireman's outfits stowed in widely separated locations.
(b) Each vessel that uses ammonia as a refrigerant must be equipped with at least two self-contained breathing apparatuses.
(c) A fireman's outfit must consist of one self-contained breathing apparatus with lifeline attached, one flashlight, a rigid helmet, boots, gloves, protective clothing, and one fire axe.
(d) At least one spare air bottle must be provided for each self-contained breathing apparatus.
(e) Each self-contained breathing apparatus must be approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), have as a minimum a 30 minute air supply, and a full facepiece.
§ 28.210 First aid equipment and training.
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(a) Each vessel must have on board a complete first aid manual and medicine chest of a size suitable for the number of individuals on board in a readily accessible location.
(b) First aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) course certification. Certification in first aid and CPR must be as described in this paragraph.
(1) First aid—a certificate indicating completion of a first aid course from:
(i) The American National Red Cross “Standard First Aid and Emergency Care” or “Multi-media Standard First Aid” course; or
(ii) A course approved by the Coast Guard under §10.205(h)(l)(ii) of this chapter.
(2) CPR—A certificate indicating completion of course from:
(i) The American National Red Cross;
(ii) The American Heart Association; or
(iii) A course approved by the Coast guard under §10.205(h)(2)(iii) of this chapter.
(c) Each vessel that operates with more than 2 individuals on board must have at least 1 individual certified in first aid and at least 1 individual certified in CPR. An individual certified in both first aid and CPR will satisfy both of these requirements.
(d) Each vessel that operates with more than 16 individuals on board must have at least 2 individuals certified in first aid and at least 2 individuals certified in CPR. An individual certified in both first aid and CPR may be counted for both requirements.
(e) Each vessel that operates with more than 49 individuals on board must have at least 4 individuals certified in first aid and at least 4 individuals certified in CPR. An individual certified in both first aid and CPR may be counted for both requirements.
[CGD 88–079, 56 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991, as amended by CGD 95–012, 60 FR 48048, Sept. 18, 1995]
§ 28.215 Guards for exposed hazards.
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(a) Each space on board a vessel must meet the requirements of this section.
(b) Suitable hand covers, guards, or railing must be installed in way of machinery which can cause injury to personnel, such as gearing, chain or belt drives, and rotating shafting. This is not meant to restrict necessary access to fishing equipment such as winches, drums, or gurdies.
(c) Each exhaust pipe from an internal combustion engine which is within reach of personnel must be insulated or otherwise guarded to prevent burns.
§ 28.225 Navigational information.
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(a) Each vessel must have at least the following navigational information on board:
(1) Marine charts of the area to be transited, published by the National Ocean Service, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, or a river authority that—
(i) Are of a large enough scale and have enough detail to make safe navigation of the area possible; and
(ii) Are currently corrected.
(2) For the area to be transited, a currently corrected copy of, or applicable currently corrected extract from, each of the following publications:
(i) U.S. Coast Pilot; and
(ii) Coast Guard Light List.
(3) For the area to be transited, the current edition of, or applicable current extract from, each of the following publications:
(i) Tide tables promulgated by the National Ocean Service; and
(ii) Tidal current tables promulgated by the National Ocean Service, or a river current publication issued by the U.S. Corps of Engineers or a river authority.
(b) Each vessel of 39.4 feet (12 meters) or more in length that operates shoreward of the COLREG Demarcation Lines, as set forth in 33 CFR part 80, must carry on board and maintain for ready reference a copy of the Inland Navigation Rules, as set forth in 33 CFR chapter I, subchapter E.
[CGD 88–079, 59 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991, as amended by CGD 96–046, 61 FR 57275, Nov. 5, 1996; CGD 96–046, 62 FR 46677, Sept. 4, 1997; USCG-2001–10224, 66 FR 48619, Sept. 21, 2001]
§ 28.230 Compasses.
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Each vessel must be equipped with an operable magnetic steering compass with a compass deviation table at the operating station.
§ 28.235 Anchors and radar reflectors.
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(a) Each vessel must be fitted with an anchor(s) and chain(s), cable, or rope appropriate for the vessel and the waters of the intended voyage.
(b) Except for a vessel rigged with gear that provides a radar signature from a distance of 6 miles, each nonmetallic hull vessel must have a radar reflector.
§ 28.240 General alarm system.
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(a) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, each vessel with an accommodation space or a work space which is not adjacent to the operating station, must have an audible general alarm system with a contact-maker at the operating station suitable for notifying individuals on board in the event of an emergency.
(b) The general alarm system must be capable of notifying an individual in any accommodation space or work space where they may normally be employed.
(c) In a work space where background noise makes a general alarm system difficult to hear, a flashing red light must also be installed.
(d) Each general alarm bell and flashing red light must be identified with red lettering at least 1/2 inch (13 millimeters) high as follows:
Attention
General Alarm—When Alarm Sounds Go to Your Station.
(e) A general alarm system must be tested prior to operation of the vessel and at least once each week thereafter.
(f) A public address system or other means of alerting all individuals on board may be used in lieu of a general alarm system provided it complies with paragraphs (b), (c), and (e) of this section and can be activated from the operating station.
[CGD 88–079, 56 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991, as amended by CGD 95–012, 60 FR 48048, Sept. 18, 1995]
§ 28.245 Communication equipment.
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(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section, each vessel must be equipped as follows.
(1) Each vessel must be equipped with a VHF radiotelephone capable of transmitting and receiving on the frequency or frequencies within the 156–162 MHz band necessary to communicate with a public coast station or U.S. Coast Guard station serving the area in which the vessel is operating.
(2) Each vessel that operates more than 20 miles from the coastline, in addition to the VHF radiotelephone required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section, must be equipped with a radiotelephone transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving on frequencies in the 2–4 MHz band necessary to communicate with a public coast station or U.S. Coast Guard station serving the area in which the vessel is operating.
(3) Each vessel that operates more than 100 miles from the coastline, in addition to the communication equipment required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section must be equipped with a radiotelephone transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving on frequencies in the 2–27.5 MHz band necessary to communicate with a public coast station or U.S. Coast Guard station serving the area in which the vessel is operating.
(4) Each vessel that operates in waters contiguous to Alaska where no public coast station or U.S. Coast Guard station is within communications range of a VHF radio transceiver operating on the 156–162 MHz band or the 2–4 MHz band, in addition to the VHF radio communication equipment required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section, must be equipped with a radiotelephone transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving on frequencies in the 2–27.5 MHz band necessary to communicate with a public coast station or a U.S. Coast Guard station serving the area in which the vessel is operating.
(b) A single radio transceiver capable of meeting the requirements of paragraphs (a) (2) and (3), or paragraphs (a) (2), (3), and (4) of this section, is acceptable.
(c) Satellite communication capability with the system servicing the area in which the vessel is operating is acceptable as an alternative to the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), or (a)(4) of this section.
(d) A cellular telephone capable of communicating with a public coast station or a U.S. Coast Guard station serving the area in which the vessel is operating is acceptable as an alternative to the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), or (a)(4) of this section.
(e) A radiotelephone transceiver installed on board a vessel before September 15, 1991, capable of transmitting and receiving on frequencies on the 4–20 MHz band may continue to be used to satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(4) of this section.
(f) The principle operating position of the communication equipment must be at the operating station.
(g) Communication equipment must be installed to ensure safe operation of the equipment and to facilitate repair. It must be protected against vibration, moisture, temperature, and excessive currents and voltages. It must be located so as to minimize the possibility of water intrusion from windows broken by heavy seas.
(h) Communication equipment must comply with the technical standards and operating requirements issued by the Federal Communications Commission, as set forth in 47 CFR part 80.
Note: Each vessel which uses radio equipment to meet the communication requirements of this section must have a Ship Radio Station License issued by the Federal Communications Commission, as set forth in 47 CFR part 80.
(i) All communication equipment must be provided with an emergency source of power that complies with §28.375.
§ 28.250 High water alarms.
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On a vessel 36 feet (11.8 meters) or more in length, a visual and audible alarm must be provided at the operating station to indicate high water level in each of the following normally unmanned spaces:
(a) A space with a through-hull fitting below the deepest load waterline, such as the lazarette;
(b) A machinery space bilge, bilge well, shaft alley bilge, or other space subject to flooding from sea water piping within the space; and
(c) A space with a non-watertight closure, such as a space with a non-watertight hatch on the main deck.
§ 28.255 Bilge pumps, bilge piping, and dewatering systems.
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(a) Each vessel must be equipped with a bilge pump and bilge piping capable of draining any watertight compartment, other than tanks and small buoyancy compartments, under all service conditions. Large spaces, such as enginerooms must be fitted with more than one suction line.
(b) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, a space used in the sorting or processing of fish in which water is used must be fitted with dewatering system capable of dewatering the space under normal conditions of list and trim at the same rate as water is introduced. Pumps used as part of the processing of fish do not count for meeting this requirement. The dewatering system must be interlocked with the pump(s) supplying water to the space, so that in the event of failure of the dewatering system, the water supply is inactivated.
(c) Except as provided by paragraph (f) of this section, each vessel 79 feet (24 meters) or more in length must be equipped with a fixed, self-priming, powered, bilge pump connected to a bilge manifold.
(d) If a bilge pump required by paragraph (a) of this section is portable, it must be provided with a suitable suction hose of adequate length to reach the bilges of each watertight compartment it must serve and with a discharge hose of adequate length to ensure overboard discharge. A portable pump must be capable of dewatering each space it serves at a rate of at least 2 inches (51 millimeters) of water depth per minute.
(e) Except for a fire pump required by §28.315, a bilge pump may be used for other purposes.
(f) Except where an individual pump is provided for a separate space or for a portable pump, each individual bilge suction line must be led to a manifold. Each bilge suction line must be provided with a stop valve at the manifold and a check valve at some accessible point in the bilge line to prevent unintended flooding of a space.
(g) Each bilge suction line and dewatering system suction must be fitted with a suitable strainer to prevent clogging of the suction line. Strainers must have an open area of not less than three times the open area of the suction line.
(h) Each vessel must comply with the oil pollution prevention requirements of 33 CFR parts 151 and 155.
§ 28.260 Electronic position fixing devices.
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Each vessel 79 feet (24 meters) or more in length must be equipped with an electronic position fixing device capable of providing accurate fixes for the area in which the vessel operates.
§ 28.265 Emergency instructions.
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(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, each vessel must have emergency instructions posted in conspicuous locations accessible to the crew.
(b) The instructions identified in paragraphs (d)(6), (d)(7), (d)(8), and (d)(9) of this section, may be kept readily available as an alternative to posting.
(c) On a vessel which operates with less than 4 individuals on board, the emergency instructions may be kept readily available as an alternative to posting.
(d) The emergency instructions required by this section must identify at least the following information, as appropriate for the vessel:
(1) The survival craft embarkation stations aboard the vessel and the survival craft to which each individual is assigned;
(2) The fire and emergency signal and the abandon ship signal;
(3) If immersion suits are provided, the location of the suits and illustrated instructions on the method for donning the suits;
(4) Procedures for making a distress call, such as:
(i) Make sure your communication equipment is on.
(ii) Select 156.8 MHz (VHF channel 16), 2182 kHz, or other distress frequency used in your area of operation. Note: VHF channel 16 and 2182 kHz on SSB are for emergency and calling purposes only.
(iii) Press microphone button and speaking slowly—clearly—calmly say:
“Mayday—Mayday—Mayday”
(iv) Say: “This is the M/V (Insert name of your vessel), (Insert name of your vessel), (Insert name of your vessel), Over.”
(v) Release the microphone button briefly and listen for acknowledgment. If no one answers, repeat steps in paragraphs (d)(4) (iii) and (iv) of this section.
(vi) If there is still no answer, or if the Coast Guard or another vessel responds, say: “Mayday—This is the M/V (Insert Name of Your Vessel).”
(vii) Describe your position using latitude and longitude coordinates, LORAN coordinate, or range and bearing from a known point.
(viii) State the nature of the distress.
(ix) Give number of individuals aboard and the nature of any injuries.
(x) Estimate the present seaworthiness of your vessel.
(xi) Describe your vessel: (Insert length, color, hull type, trim, masts, power, and any additional distinguishing features).
(xii) Say: “I will be listening on Channel 16/2182 (or other channel monitored).”
(xiii) End message by saying: “This is (insert vessel's name and call sign).”
(xiv) If your situation permits, stand by the radio to await further communication with the Coast Guard or another vessel. If no answer, repeat, then try another channel.
(5) Essential action that must be taken in an emergency by each individual, such as:
(i) Making a distress call.
(ii) Closing of hatches, airports, watertight doors, vents, scuppers, and valves for intake and discharge lines which penetrate the hull, stopping of fans and ventilation systems, and operation of all safety equipment.
(iii) Preparing and launching of survival craft and rescue boats.
(iv) Fighting a fire.
(v) Mustering of personnel including—
(A) Seeing that they are properly dressed and have put on their lifejackets or immersion suits; and
(B) Assembling personnel and directing them to their appointed stations.
(vi) Manning of fire parties assigned to deal with fires.
(vii) Special duties required for the operation of fire fighting equipment.
(6) The procedures for rough weather at sea, crossing hazardous bars, flooding, and anchoring of the vessel, such as:
(i) Close all watertight and weathertight doors, hatches and airports to prevent taking water aboard or further flooding in the vessel.
(ii) Keep bilges dry to prevent loss of stability due to water in bilges. Use power driven bilge pump, hand pump, and buckets to dewater.
(iii) Align fire pumps to use as bilge pumps, if possible.
(iv) Check all intake and discharge lines which penetrate the hull for leakage.
(v) Personnel should remain stationary and evenly distributed.
(vi) Personnel should don lifejackets and immersion suits if the going becomes very rough, the vessel is about to cross a hazardous bar, or when otherwise instructed by the master or individual in charge of the vessel.
(7) The procedures for anchoring the vessel.
(8) The procedures to be used in the event an individual falls overboard, such as:
(i) Throw a ring life buoy as close to the individual as possible;
(ii) Post a lookout to keep the individual in the water in sight;
(iii) Launch the rescue boat and maneuver it to pick up the individual in the water;
(iv) Have a crewmember put on a lifejacket or immersion suit, attach a safety line to the crewmember, and have the crewmember standby to jump into the water to assist in recovering the individual in the water if necessary;
(v) If the individual overboard is not immediately located, notify the Coast Guard and other vessels in the vicinity; and
(vi) Continue searching until released by the Coast Guard.
(9) Procedures for fighting a fire, such as:
(i) Shut off air supply to the fire—close hatches, ports, doors, ventilators, and similar openings.
(ii) Deenergize the electrical systems supplying the affected space, if possible.
(iii) Immediately use a portable fire extinguisher or use water for fires in ordinary combustible materials. Do not use water on electrical fires.
(iv) If the fire is in a machinery space, shut off the fuel supply and ventilation system and activate the fixed extinguishing system, if installed.
(v) Maneuver the vessel to minimize the effect of wind on the fire.
(vi) If unable to control the fire, immediately notify the Coast Guard and other vessels in the vicinity.
(vii) Move personnel away from the fire, have them put on lifejackets, and if necessary, prepare to abandon the vessel.
§ 28.270 Instruction, drills, and safety orientation.
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(a) Drills and instruction. The master or individual in charge of each vessel must ensure that drills are conducted and instruction is given to each individual on board at least once each month. Instruction may be provided in conjunction with drills or at other times and places provided it ensures that each individual is familiar with their duties and their responses to at least the following contingencies:
(1) Abandoning the vessel;
(2) Fighting a fire in different locations on board the vessel;
(3) Recovering an individual from the water;
(4) Minimizing the effects of unintentional flooding;
(5) Launching survival craft and recovering lifeboats and rescue boats;
(6) Donning immersion suits and other wearable personal flotation devices;
(7) Donning a fireman's outfit and a self-contained breathing apparatus, if the vessel is so equipped;
(8) Making a voice radio distress call and using visual distress signals;
(9) Activating the general alarm; and
(10) Reporting inoperative alarm systems and fire detection systems.
(b) Participation in drills. Drills must be conducted on board the vessel as if there were an actual emergency and must include participation by all individuals on board, breaking out and using emergency equipment, testing of all alarm and detection systems, donning protective clothing, and donning immersion suits, if the vessel is so equipped.
(c) Training. No individual may conduct the drills or provide the instructions required by this section unless that individual has been trained in the proper procedures for conducting the activity.
(d) The viewing of videotapes concerning at least the contingencies listed in paragraph (a) of this section, whether on board the vessel or not, followed by a discussion led by an individual familiar with these contingencies will satisfy the requirement for instruction but not the requirement for drills in paragraph (b) of this section or for the safety orientation in paragraph (e) of this section.
(e) Safety orientation. The master or individual in charge of a vessel must ensure that a safety orientation is given to each individual on board that has not received the instruction and has not participated in the drills required by paragraph (a) of this section before the vessel may be operated.
(f) The safety orientation must explain the emergency instructions required by §28.265 and cover the specific evolutions listed in paragraph (a) of this section.
Note: The individual conducting the drills and instruction need not be the master, individual in charge of the vessel, or a member of the crew.
[CGD 88–079, 56 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991, as amended by CGD 95–012, 60 FR 48048, Sept. 18, 1995; CGD 96–046, 61 FR 57275, Nov. 5, 1996, CGD 96–046, 62 FR 46677, Sept. 4, 1997; USCG-2002–13058, 67 FR 61278, Sept. 30, 2002]
§ 28.275 Acceptance criteria for instructors and course curricula.
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(a) A Fishing Vessel Safety Instructor shall submit a detailed course curriculum that relates directly to the contingencies listed in §28.270(a), or a letter certifying the use of the “Personal Survival and Emergency Drills Course,” a national standard curriculum, to the cognizant OCMI. This document can be ordered through the U.S. Marine Safety Association (USMSA), 5050 Industrial Road, Farmingdale, NJ 07727; telephone: (732) 751–0102; fax: (732) 751–0508; or e-mail: usmsa@usmsa.org. For the criteria of Fishing Vessel Safety Instructor, the following documentation shall be provided to the cognizant OCMI:
(1) Proof of at least 1 year of experience in a marine related field and experience that relates directly to the contingencies listed in §28.270(a) including—
(i) Experience as an instructor; or
(ii) Training received in instructional methods; or
(2) A valid merchant mariner's license issued by the Coast Guard authorizing service as master of unispected fishing industry vessels and proof of experience that relates directly to the contingencies listed in 64 CFR 28.270(a) including—
(i) Experience as an instructor; or
(ii) Training received in instructional methods; or
(3) A valid merchant mariner's license issued by the Coast Guard authorizing service as a master of inspected vessels of 100 gross tons or more and proof of experience that relates directly to the contingencies listed in 46 CFR 28.270(a) including—
(i) Experience as an instructor; or
(ii) Training received in instructional methods.
(b) Each OCMI will issue a letter of acceptance to all qualified individuals and will maintain a list of accepted instructors in his/her zone.
(c) Letters of acceptance shall be valid for a period of 5 years.
(d) Fishing Vessel Safety Instructors or the organization providing training shall issue documents to Fishing Vessel Drill Conductors upon successful completion of all required training.
[CGD 96–046, 61 FR 57275, Nov. 5, 1996, as amended by CGD 96–046, 62 FR 46677, Sept. 4, 1997; USCG-2001–10224, 66 FR 48619, Sept. 21, 2001; USCG-2004–18884, 69 FR 58344, Sept. 30, 2004]
Subpart D—Requirements for Vessels Which Have Their Keel Laid or Are at a Similar Stage of Construction on or After or Which Undergo a Major Conversion Completed on or After September 15, 1991, and That Operate With More Than 16 Individuals on Board
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§ 28.300 Applicability and general requirements.
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Each commercial fishing industry vessel which has its keel laid or is at a similar stage of construction, or which undergoes a major conversion completed on or after September 15, 1991, and that operates with more than 16 individuals on board, must comply with the requirements of this subpart in addition to the requirements of subparts A, B, and C of this part.
[USCG-2004–18884, 69 FR 58344, Sept. 30, 2004]
§ 28.305 Lifesaving and signaling equipment.
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Each vessel to which this subpart applies must meet the requirements for life preservers, immersion suits, ring life buoys, distress signals, and survival craft in §§28.110, 28.115, 28.145 and table 28.120 (a), (b), or (c), as appropriate for the vessel type, on the date that its construction or major conversion is completed.
§ 28.310 Launching of survival craft.
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A gate or other opening must be provided in the deck rails, lifelines, or bulwarks adjacent to the stowage location of each survival craft which weighs more than 110 pounds (489 Newtons), to allow the survival craft to be manually launched.
§ 28.315 Fire pumps, fire mains, fire hydrants, and fire hoses.
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(a) Each vessel 36 feet (11.8 meters) or more in length must be equipped with a self-priming, power driven fire pump connected to a fixed piping system.
(1) A fire pump on a vessel 79 feet (24 meters) or more in length must be capable of delivering water simultaneously from the two highest hydrants, or from both branches of the fitting if the highest hydrant has a siamese fitting, at a pitot tube pressure of at least 50 psi (0.345 Newtons per square millimeter) and a flow rate of at least 80 gpm (303 liters per minute).
(2) Each vessel with a power driven fire pump must be equipped to permit energizing the fire main from the operating station and from the pump.
(b) Fire main, hydrants, hoses and nozzles. (1) A vessel required to have a fixed fire main system must have a sufficient number of fire hydrants to reach any part of the vessel using a single length of fire hose.
(2) A fire hose must be connected to each fire hydrant at all times the vessel is operating.
(3) A fire hose on a vessel less than 79 feet (24 meters) in length must be at least 5/8 inch (16 millimeters) nominal diameter, be of good commercial grade and be fitted with a nozzle of corrosion resistant material capable of providing a solid stream and a spray pattern.
(4) A fire hose on a vessel 79 feet (24 meters) or more in length must be lined commercial fire hose and be fitted with a nozzle made of corrosion resistant material capable of providing a solid stream and a spray pattern.
§ 28.320 Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
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(a) Requirements for vessels 79 feet (24 meters) or more in length. A vessel 79 feet (24 meters) or more in length must be fitted with a fixed gas fire extinguishing system in the following enclosed spaces:
(1) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 50 horsepower;
(2) A space containing an oil fired boiler;
(3) An incinerator and;
(4) A space containing a gasoline storage tank.
(b) System types and alternatives. (1) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system may be installed only in a normally unoccupied machinery space, paint locker, or space containing flammable liquid stores that has a gross volume of not more than 33.98 cubic meters (1200 cubic feet).
(2) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system that is capable of automatic discharge upon heat detection may be installed only in a normally unoccupied space with a gross volume of not more than 169.92 cubic meters (6000 cubic feet).
(3) A space with a gross volume exceeding 169.92 cubic meters (6000 cubic feet) must be fitted with a manually actuated and alarmed fixed gas fire extinguishing system.
(c) General requirements. (1) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system aboard a vessel must be approved by the Commandant and be custom engineered, unless the system meets the requirements for a pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system in paragraph (d) of this section.
(2) System components must be listed and labeled by an independent, nationally recognized testing laboratory for the system being installed.
(3) System design and installation must be in accordance with the Manufacturer's Marine Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual approved for the system by the Commandant.
(4) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system may protect more than one space. The quantity of extinguishing agent must be at least sufficient for the largest space protected by the system.
(d) Pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing systems. (1) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system must:
(i) Be approved by the Commandant;
(ii) Be capable of manual actuation from outside the space in addition to any automatic actuation devices; and
(iii) Automatically shut down all power ventilation systems serving the protected space and all engines that draw intake air from within the protected space.
(2) A vessel on which a pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system is installed must have the following equipment at the operating station:
(i) A visual alarm to indicate the discharge of the extinguishing agent;
(ii) An audible alarm to sound upon discharge of the extinguishing agent; and
(iii) A means to reset devices used to automatically shut down ventilation systems and engines as required by paragraph (d)(1)(iii) of this section.
[CGD 88–079, 56 FR 40393, Aug. 14, 1991, as amended by CGD 96–046, 61 FR 57275, Nov. 5, 1996]
§ 28.325 Fire detection systems.
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(a) Each accommodation space must be equipped with an independent modular smoke detector or a smoke actuated fire detecting unit installed in accordance with 46 CFR part 76, subpart 76.33.
(b) An independent modular smoke detector must meet UL 217 and be listed as a “Single Station Smoke Detector—Also suitable for use in Recreational Vehicles.”
§ 28.330 Galley hood and other fire protection equipment.
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(a) Each vessel must be fitted with a grease extraction hood complying with UL 710 above each grill, broiler, and deep fat fryer.
(b) Each grease extraction hood must be equipped with a pre-engineered dry or wet chemical fire extinguishing system meeting the applicable sections of NFPA 17 or 17A and must be listed by an independent laboratory.
(c) A vessel 79 feet (24 meters) or more in length must have at least one fire axe located in or adjacent to the operating station.
§ 28.335 Fuel systems.
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(a) Applicability. Except for the components of an outboard engine or portable bilge pump, each vessel must meet the requirements of this section.
(b) Portable fuel systems. Portable fuel systems including portable tanks and related fuel lines and accessories are prohibited except where used for outboard engines or portable bilge pumps. The design, construction, and stowage of portable tanks and related fuel lines and accessories must meet the requirements of ABYC H–25.
(c) Fuel restrictions. Except for outboard engines, the use of fuel other than bunker C or diesel is prohibited. An installation using bunker C must comply with the requirements of subchapter F of this chapter.
(d) Vent pipes for integral fuel tanks. Each integral fuel tank must meet the requirements of this paragraph.
(1) Each fuel tank must be fitted with a vent pipe connected to the highest point of the tank terminating in a 180 degree (3.14 radians) bend on a weather deck and fitted with a flame screen.
(2) Except where provision is made to fill a tank under pressure, the net cross-sectional area of the vent pipe for a fuel tank must not be less than 0.484 square inches (312.3 square millimeters).
(3) Where provision is made to fill a tank under pressure, the net cross-sectional area of the vent pipe must not be less than that of the fill pipe.
(e) Fuel piping. Except as permitted in paragraph (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section, each fuel line must be seamless and must be of steel, annealed copper, nickel-copper, or copper-nickel. Each fuel line must have a wall thickness of not less than that of 0.035 inch (0.9 millimeters) except that:
(1) Aluminum piping is acceptable on an aluminum hull vessel provided it is installed outside the machinery space and is at least Schedule 80 in thickness; and
(2) Nonmetallic flexible hose is acceptable but must—
(i) Not be used in lengths of more than 30 inches (0.82 meters);
(ii) Be visible, easily accessible, and must not penetrate a watertight bulkhead;
(iii) Be fabricated with an inner tube and a cover of synthetic rubber or other suitable material reinforced with wire braid.
(iv) Be fitted with suitable, corrosion resistant, compression fittings; and
(v) Be installed with two clamps at each end of the hose, if designed for use with clamps. Clamps must not rely on spring tension and must be installed beyond the bead or flare or over the serrations of the mating spud, pipe, or hose fitting.
(f) A fuel line subject to internal head pressure from fuel in the tank must be fitted with a positive shutoff valve located at the tank which is operable from a safe location outside the space in which the valve is located.
(g) A vessel less than 79 feet (24 meters) in length may comply with one of the following standards in lieu of the requirements of paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.
(1) ABYC H–33.
(2) Chapter 5 of NFPA 302.
(3) 33 CFR Chapter I, subchapter S (Boating Safety).
§ 28.340 Ventilation of enclosed engine and fuel tank spaces.
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(a) Applicability. Each vessel with a gasoline outboard engine or gasoline storage tank must comply with the requirements of this section.
(b) Ventilation of spaces containing gasoline. Each space that contains a gasoline engine, a gasoline storage tank, or gasoline piping connected to an integral gasoline tank must be open to the atmosphere and so arranged as to prevent the entrapment of vapors or be ventilated by a mechanical exhaust system with a nonsparking fan. The fan motor must comply with 46 CFR 111.105–23.
(c) Alternative standards. A vessel less than 65 feet in length with ventilation installations in accordance with NFPA 302, chapter 2, section 2–2, or ABYC H–2 and 33 CFR part 183, subpart K, will be considered as meeting the requirements of this section.
§ 28.345 Electrical standards for vessels less than 79 feet (24 meters) in length.
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(a) A vessel less than 79 feet (24 meters) in length with an alternating current electrical distribution system may comply with the requirements of ABYC E–8 and either paragraph (c) or (d) of this section, as applicable, in lieu of meeting the requirements of §§28.350 through 28.370.
(b) A vessel less than 79 feet (24 meters) in length with a direct current system may comply with the requirements of ABYC E–1, ABYC E–9, and either paragraph (c) or (d) of this section, as applicable, in lieu of meeting the requirements of §§28.350 through 28.370.
(c) In addition to paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, the vessel may comply with the requirements of NFPA 302, chapters 7 and 8.
(d) In addition to paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, the vessel may comply with the requirements of 33 CFR part 183, subpart I and §28.370.
§ 28.350 General requirements for electrical systems.
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(a) Electrical equipment exposed to the weather or in a location exposed to seas must be waterproof, watertight, or enclosed in a watertight housing.
(b) Aluminum must not be used for current carrying parts of electrical equipment or wiring.
(c) As far as practicable, electrical equipment must not be installed in lockers used to store paint, oil, turpentine, or other flammable or combustible liquid. If electrical equipment, such as lighting, is necessary in these spaces, it must be explosion-proof or intrinsically safe.
(d) Explosion-proof and intrinsically safe equipment must meet the requirements of 46 CFR part 111, subpart 111.105.
(e) Metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must be grounded.
(f) Each vessel with a nonmetallic hull must have a continuous, non-current carrying grounding conductor which connects together the enclosures and frames of electrical equipment and which connects metallic items such as engines, fuel tanks, and equipment enclosures to a common ground point.
(g) The equipment grounding conductor must be sized in accordance with section 250–95 of NFPA Standard 70.
§ 28.355 Main source of electrical power.
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(a) Applicability. Each vessel that relies on electricity to power any of the following essential loads must have at least two electrical generators to supply these loads:
(1) The propulsion system and its necessary auxiliaries and controls;
(2) Interior lighting;
(3) Steering systems;
(4) Communication systems;
(5) Navigation equipment and navigation lights;
(6) Fire protection or detection equipment;
(7) Bilge pumps; or
(8) General alarm system.
(b) Each generator must be attached to an independent prime mover.
§ 28.360 Electrical distribution systems.
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(a) Each electrical distribution system which has a neutral bus or conductor must have the neutral bus or conductor grounded.
(b) A grounded electrical distribution system must have only one connection to ground. This ground connection must be at the switchboard or, on a nonmetallic vessel, at the common ground point.
§ 28.365 Overcurrent protection and switched circuits.
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(a) Each power source must be protected against overcurrent. Overcurrent devices for generators must be set at a value not exceeding 115 percent of the generator full load rating.
(b) Except for a steering circuit, each circuit must be protected against both overload and short circuit. Each overcurrent device in a steering system power and control circuit must provide short circuit protection only.
(c) Each ungrounded current carrying conductor must be protected in accordance withits current carrying capacity by a circuit breaker or fuse at the connection to the switchboard or distribution panel bus. (continued)