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(continued)
shall report to the Congress periodically on efforts to arrive at
such agreements.
(b) Assistance to Developing Countries.- The Administrator, in
consultation with the Secretary of State, shall support global
participation in the Montreal Protocol by providing technical and
financial assistance to developing countries that are Parties to
the Montreal Protocol and operating under article 5 of the
Protocol. There are authorized to be appropriated not more than
$30,000,000 to carry out this section in fiscal years 1991, 1992
and 1993 and such sums as may be necessary in fiscal years 1994
and 1995. If Chinaand India become Parties to the Montreal
Protocol, there are authorized to be appropriated not more than
an additional $30,000,000 to carry out this section in fiscal
years 1991, 1992, and 1993.
[42 U.S.C. 7671p]
SEC. 618. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
For purposes of section 116, requirements concerning the areas
addressed by this title for the protection of the stratosphere
against ozone layer depletion shall be treated as requirements
for the control and abatement of air pollution. For purposes of
section 118, the requirements of this title and corresponding
State, interstate, and local requirements, administrative
authority, and process, and sanctions respecting the protection
of the stratospheric ozone layer shall be treated as requirements
for the control and abatement of air pollution within the meaning
of section 118.
[42 U.S.C. 7671p]





APPENDIX A



PROVISIONS OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF

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1977 (PUBLIC LAW 950995) THAT DID NOT AMEND THE
CLEAN AIR ACT

* * * * * * *

TRAINING

Sec. 101. (a) * * *

* * * * * * *

(c) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
shall consult with the House Committee on Science and Technology
on the environmental and atmospheric research, development, and
demonstration aspects of this Act. In addition, the reports and
studies required by this Act that relate to research,
development, and demonstration issues shall be transmitted to the
Committee on Science and Technology at the same time they are
made available to other committees of the Congress.
* * * * * * *

COMPLIANCE ORDERS (INCLUDING COAL CONVERSION)

Sec. 112. (a) * * *

* * * * * * *
(b)(1) Section 119 of such Act is hereby repealed. All
references to such section 119 or subsections thereof in section
2 of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974
(Public Law 9309319) or any amendment thereto, or any subsequent
enactment which supersedes such Act, shall be construed to refer
to section 113(d) of the Clean Air Act and to paragraph (5)
thereof in particular. Any certification or notification required
to be given by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency under section 2 of the Energy Supply and Environmental
Coordination Act of 1974 or any amendment thereto, or any
subsequent enactment which supersedes such Act, shall be given
only when the Governor of the State in which is located the
source to which the proposed order under section 113(d)(5) of the
Clean Air Act is to be issued gives his prior written
concurrence.
(2) In the case of any major stationary source to which any
requirement is applicable under section 113(d)(5)(B) of the Clean
Air Act and for which certification is required under section 2
of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974
or any amendment thereto, or any subsequent enactment which
super-
sedes such Act, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency shall certify the date which he determines is the earliest
date that such source will be able to comply with all such
requirements. In the case of any plant or installation which the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency determines
(after consultation with the State) will not be subject to an
order under section 113(d) of the Clean Air Act and for which
certification is required under section 2 of the Energy Supply

413





and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 or any amendment
thereto, or any subsequent enactment which supersedes such Act,
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall
certify the date which he determines is the earliest date that
such plant or installation will be able to burn coal in
compliance with all applicable emission limitations under the
implementation plan.
(3) Any certification required under section 2 of the Energy
Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 or any
amendment thereto, or any subsequent enactment which supersedes
such Act, or under this subsection may be provided in an order
under section 113(d) of the Clean Air Act.
* * * * * * *

UNREGULATED POLLUTANTS

Sec. 120. (a) * * *

* * * * * * *
(b) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
shall conduct a study, in conjunction with other appropriate
agencies, concerning the effect on the public health and welfare
of sulfates, radioactive pollutants, cadmium, arsenic, and
polycyclic organic matter which are present or may reasonably be
anticipated to occur in the ambient air. Such study shall include
a thorough investigation of how sulfates are formed and how to
protect public health and welfare from the injurious effects, if
any, of sulfates, cadmium, arsenic, and polycyclic organic
matter.
* * * * * * *

PREVENTION OF SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION

Sec. 127. (a) * * *

* * * * * * *
(b) Within one year from the date of enactment of this Act the
Administrator shall report to the Congress on the consequences of
that portion of the definition of "major emitting facility" under
the amendment made by subsection (a) which applies to facilities
with the potential to emit two hundred and fifty tons per year or
more. Such study shall examine the type of facilities covered,
the air quality benefits of including such facilities, and the
administrative aspect of regulating such facilities.
(c) Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this
Act, the Administrator shall publish a guidance document to
assist the States in carrying out their functions under part C of
title I of the Clean Air Act (relating to prevention of
significant
deterioration of air quality) with respect to pollutants, other
than sulfur oxides and particulates, for which national ambient
air quality standards are promulgated. Such guidance document
shall include recommended strategies for controlling
photochemical oxidants on a regional or multistate basis for the
purpose of implementing part C and section 110 of such Act.

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(d) Not later than two years after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Administrator shall complete a study and report to
the Congress on the progress made in carrying out part C of title
I of the Clean Air Act (relating to significant deterioration of
air quality) and the problems associated with carrying out such
section, including recommendations for legislative changes
necessary to implement strategies for controlling photochemical
oxidants on a regional or multistate basis.
* * * * * * *

NONATTAINMENT AREAS

Sec. 129. (a)(1) Before July 1, 1979, the interpretative
regulation of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency published in 41 Federal Register 555240930, December 21,
1976, as may be modified by rule of the Administrator, shall
apply except that the baseline to be used for determination of
appropriate emission offsets under such regulation shall be the
applicable implementation plan of the State in effect at the time
of application for a permit by a proposed major stationary source
(within the meaning of section 302 of the Clean Air Act).
(2) Before July 1, 1979, the requirements of the regulation
referred to in paragraph (1) shall be waived by the Administrator
with respect to any pollutant if he determines that the State
has-
(A) an inventory of emissions of the applicable pollutant
for each nonattainment area (as defined in section 171 of
the Clean Air Act) that identifies the type, quantity, and
source of such pollutant so as to provide information suffi-
cient to demonstrate that the requirements of subparagraph
(C) are being met;
(B) an enforceable permit program which-
(i) requires new or modified major stationary sources
to meet emission limitations at least as stringent as
required under the permit requirements referred to in
paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 173 of the Clean Air
Act (relating to lowest achievable emission rate and
compliance by other sources) and which assures compli-
ance with the annual reduction requirements of subpara-
graph (C); and
(ii) requires existing sources to achieve such
reduction in emissions in the area as may be obtained
through the adoption, at a minimum of reasonably
available control technology, and
(C) a program which requires reductions in total allowable
emissions in the area prior to July 1, 1979, so as to
provide for the same level of emission reduction as would
result from the application of the regulation referred to in
paragraph (1).

The Administrator shall terminate such waiver if in his judgment
the reduction in emissions actually being attained is less than
the reduction on which the waiver was conditioned pursuant to
subparagraph (C), or if the Administrator determines that the
State is no longer in compliance with any requirement of this

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paragraph. Upon application by the State, the Administrator may
reinstate a waiver terminated under the preceding sentence if he
is satisfied that such State is in compliance with all require-
ments of this subsection.
(3) Operating permits may be issued to those applicants who
were properly granted construction permits, in accordance with
the law and applicable regulations in effect at the time granted,
for construction of a new or modified source in areas exceeding
national primary air quality standards on or before the date of
the enactment of this Act if such construction permits were
granted prior to the date of the enactment of this Act and the
person issued any such permit is able to demonstrate that the
emissions from the source will be within the limitations set
forth in such construction permit.
* * * * * * *

(c) Notwithstanding the requirements of section 406(d)(2)
(relating to date required for submission of certain implementa-
tion plan revisions), for purposes of section 110(a)(2) of the
Clean Air Act each State in which there is any nonattainment area
(as defined in part D of title I of the Clean Air Act) shall
adopt and submit an implementation plan revision which meets the
requirements of section 110(a)(2)(I) and part D of title I of the
Clean Air Act not later than January 1, 1979. In the case of any
State for which a plan revision adopted and submitted before such
date has made the demonstration required under section 172(a)(2)
of the Clean Air Act (respecting impossibility of attainment
before 1983), such State shall adopt and submit to the
Administrator a plan revision before July 1, 1982, which meets
the requirements of section 172 (b) and (c) of such Act.
* * * * * * *

STUDIES AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES FOR OXIDES OF NITROGEN

Sec. 202. (a) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency shall conduct a study of the public health implications of
attaining an emission standard on oxides of nitrogen from light
duty vehicles of 0.4 gram per vehicle mile, the cost and techno-
logical capability of attaining such standard, and the need for
such a standard to protect public health or welfare. The Adminis-
trator shall submit a report of such study to the Congress,
together with recommendations not later than July 1, 1980.
* * * * * * *

STUDY AND REPORT OF FUEL CONSUMPTION

Sec. 203. Following each motor vehicle model year, the Adminis-
trator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall report to the
Congress respecting the motor vehicle fuel consumption associated

with the standards applicable for the immediately preceding model
year.
* * * * * * *

CARBON MONOXIDE INTRUSION INTO SUSTAINED USE VEHICLES

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Sec. 226. (a) The Administrator, in conjunction with the
Secretary of Transportation, shall study the problem of carbon
monoxide intrusion into the passenger area of sustained-use motor
vehicles. Such study shall include an analysis of the sources and
levels of carbon monoxide in the passenger area of such vehicles
and a determination of the effects of carbon monoxide upon the
passengers. The study shall also review available methods of
monitoring and testing for the presence of carbon monoxide and
shall analyze the cost and effectiveness of alternative methods
of monitoring and testing. The study shall analyze the cost and
effectiveness of alternative strategies for attaining and
maintaining acceptable levels of carbon monoxide in the passenger
area of such vehicles. Within one year the Administrator shall
report to the Congress respecting the results of such study.
(b) For the purpose of this section, the term "sustained-use
motor vehicle" means any diesel or gasoline fueled motor vehicle
(whether light or heavy duty) which, as determined by the
Administrator (in conjunction with the Secretary), is normally
used and occupied for a sustained, continuous, or extensive
period of time, including buses, taxicabs, and police vehicles.
* * * * * * *

INTERAGENCY COOPERATION ON PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CANCER AND HEART AND LUNG DISEASE

Sec. 402. (a) Not later than three months after the date of
enactment of this section, there shall be established a Task
Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease
(hereinafter referred to as the "Task Force"). The Task Force
shall include representatives of the Environmental Protection
Agency, the National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health, and the National Institute on Environmental
Health Sciences, and shall be chaired by the Administrator (or
his delegate).
(b) The Task Force shall-
(1) recommend a comprehensive research program to
determine and quantify the relationship between
environmental pollution and human cancer and heart and lung
disease;
(2) recommend comprehensive strategies to reduce or elimi-
nate the risks of cancer or such other diseases associated
with environmental pollution;
(3) recommend research and such other measures as may be
appropriate to prevent or reduce the incidence of
environmentally related cancer and heart and lung diseases;
(4) coordinate research by, and stimulate cooperation
between, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare, and such other agencies
as
may be appropriate to prevent environmentally related cancer
and heart and lung diseases; and
(5) report to Congress, not later than one year after the
date of enactment of this section and annually thereafter,
on the problems and progress in carrying out this section.

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STUDIES

Sec. 403. (a) Not later than eighteen months after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency, in cooperation with the National Academy of
Sciences, shall study and report to Congress on (1) the relation-
ship between the size, weight, and chemical composition of
suspended particulate matter and the nature and degree of the
endangerment to public health or welfare presented by such
particulate matter (especially with respect to fine particulate
matter) and (2) the availability of technology for controlling
such particulate matter.
(b) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
shall conduct a study and report to the Congress not later than
January 1, 1979, on the effects on public health and welfare of
odors or odorous emissions, the sources of such emissions, the
technology or other measures available for control of such
emissions and the costs of such technology or measures, and the
costs and benefits of alternative measures or strategies to abate
such emissions. Such report shall include an evaluation of
whether air quality criteria or national ambient air quality
standards should be published under the Clean Air Act for odors,
and what other strategies or authorities under the Clean Air Act
are available or appropriate for abating such emissions.
(c)(1) Not later than twelve months after the date of enactment
of this Act the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency shall publish throughout the United States a list of all
known chemical contaminants resulting from environmental
pollution which have been found in human tissue including blood,
urine, breast milk, and all other human tissue. Such list shall
be prepared for the United States and shall indicate the
approximate number of cases, the range of levels found, and the
mean levels found.
(2) Not later than eighteen months after the date of enactment
of this Act the Administrator shall publish in the same manner an
explanation of what is known about the manner in which the
chemicals described in paragraph (1) entered the environment and
thereafter human tissue.
(3) The Administrator, in consultation with National Institutes
of Health, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the
National Center for Health Services Research and Development,
shall, if feasible, conduct an epidemiological study to demon-
strate the relationship between levels of chemicals in the
environment and in human tissue. Such study shall be made in
appropriate regions or areas of the United States in order to
determine any different results in such regions or areas. The
results of such study shall, as soon as practicable, be reported
to the appropriate committee of the Congress.
(d) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
shall conduct a study of air quality in various areas throughout
the country including the gulf coast region. Such study shall
include analysis of liquid and solid aerosols and other fine
particulate matter and the contribution of such substances to
visibility and public health problems in such areas. For the
purposes of this study, the Administrator shall use environmental

418





health experts from the National Institutes of Health and other
outside agencies and organizations.
(e)(1) The Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the
Administrator, shall conduct a study of potential dislocation of
employees due to implementation of laws administered by the
Administrator. Such study shall estimate the number of employees
so affected, identify existing sources of assistance available to
such employees, assess the adequacy of such assistance, and
recommend additional adjustment measures, if justified.
(2) The Secretary shall submit to Congress the results of the
study conducted under paragraph (1) not more than one year after
the date of enactment of this section.
(f) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the
National Academy of Sciences to conduct continuing comprehensive
studies and investigations of the effects on public health and
welfare of emissions subject to section 202(a) of the Clean Air
Act (including sulfur compounds) and the technological
feasibility of meeting emission standards required to be
prescribed by the Administrator by section 202(b) of such Act.
The Administrator shall report to the Congress within six months
of the date of enactment of this section and each year thereafter
regarding the status of the contractual arrangements and
conditions necessary to implement this paragraph.
(g) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
shall conduct a study and report to Congress by the date one year
after the date of the enactment of this section, on the emission
of sulfur-bearing compounds from motor vehicles and motor vehicle
engines and aircraft engines. Such study and report shall include
but not be limited to a review of the effects of such emissions
on public health and welfare and an analysis of the costs and
benefits of alternatives to reduce or eliminate such emissions
(including desulfurization of fuel, short-term allocation of low
sulfur crude oil, technological devices used in conjunction with
current engine technologies, alternative engine technologies, and
other methods) as may be required to achieve any proposed or
promulgated emission standards for sulfur compounds.

RAILROAD EMISSION STUDY

Sec. 404. (a) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency shall conduct a study and investigation of emissions of
air pollutants from railroad locomotives, locomotive engines, and
secondary power sources on railroad rolling stock, in order to
determine-
(1) the extent to which such emissions affect air quality
in air quality control regions throughout the United States,
(2) the technological feasibility and the current state of
technology for controlling such emissions, and
(3) the status and effect of current and proposed State
and local regulations affecting such emissions.
(b) Within one hundred and eighty days after commencing such
study and investigation, the Administrator shall submit a report
of such study and investigation, together with recommendations
for appropriate legislation, to the Senate Committee on

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Environment and Public Works and the House Committee on
Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

STUDY AND REPORT CONCERNING ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO
CONTROLLING AIR POLLUTION

Sec. 405. (a) The Administrator, in conjunction with the
Council of Economic Advisors (hereinafter in this section
referred to as "the Council"), shall undertake a study and
assessment of economic measures for the control of air pollution
which could-
(1) strengthen the effectiveness of existing methods of
controlling air pollution,
(2) provide incentives to abate air pollution to a greater
degree than is required by existing provisions of the Clean
Air Act (and regulations thereunder), and
(3) serve as the primary incentive for controlling air
pollution problems not addressed by any provision of the
Clean Air Act (or any regulation thereunder).
(b) The study of measures referred to in paragraph (1) of
subsection (a) shall concentrate on (1) identification of air
pollution problems for which existing methods of control are not
effective because of economic incentives to delay compliance and
(2) formulation of economic measures which could be taken with
respect to each such air pollution problem which would provide an
incentive to comply without interfering with such existing
methods of control.
(c) The study of measures referred to in paragraph (2) of
subsection (a) shall concentrate on (1) identification of air
pollution problems for which existing methods of control may not
be sufficiently extensive to achieve all desired environmental
goals and (2) formulation of economic measures for each such air
pollution problem which would provide additional incentives to
reduce air pollution without-
(A) interfering with the effectiveness of existing methods
of control, or
(B) creating problems similar to those which prevent
alternative regulatory methods from being used to reach such
environmental goals.
(d) The study of the measures referred to in paragraph (3) of
subsection (a) shall concentrate on (1) identification of air
pollution problems for which no existing methods of control
exist, (2) formulation of economic measures to reduce such
pollution, and (3) comparison of the environmental and economic
impacts of the economic measures with those of any alternative
regulatory methods which can be identified.

(e) In conducting the study under this section, a preliminary
screening should be made of the problems referred to in subsec-
tions (b)(1), (c)(1), and (d)(1) and economic measures should be
formulated under subsections (b)(2), (c)(2), and (d)(2) in the
most promising cases, giving special attention to structural and
administrative problems. In formulating any such measure which
provides for a charge, the appropriate level of the charge should


420





be determined, if possible, and the environmental and economic
impacts should be identified.
(f) Within one year after the date of enactment of this Act,
the Administrator shall complete a study and report to the
Congress on the advantages and disadvantages (including an
analysis of the feasibility) of establishing a system of
penalties for stationary sources on emissions of oxides of
nitrogen and make recommendations regarding the establishment of
such a system. Such study shall determine if such a system will
effectively encourage the development of more effective systems
and technologies for control of emissions of oxides of nitrogen
for new major emitting facilities, or existing major emitting
facilities, or both. In any case in which a proposed penalty
system is recommended by the Administrator, the report should
include-
(1) a recommendation respecting the appropriate period
during which such system of penalties should apply, and the
appropriate termination date or dates for such system, if
any, taking into account-
(A) the time at which adequate technology may reason-
ably be anticipated to be available to control oxides
of nitrogen for that category of facilities,
(B) the degree to which such technology can be
expected to be used on such facilities, and
(C) the Administrator's authorities to require the
use of such technology, and
(2) recommendations respecting the compilation of records
by facilities subject to such penalties for purposes of
determining the applicability and amount of such penalty.
(g) Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of
this section, the Administrator and the Council shall conclude
the study and assessment under this section and submit a report
containing the results thereof to the President and to the
Congress. Interim reports on specific pollution problems and
solutions recommended shall be made available to the President
and the Congress by the Administrator whenever available.

SAVING PROVISION; EFFECTIVE DATES

Sec. 406. (a) No suit, action, or other proceeding lawfully
commenced by or against the Administrator or any other officer or
employee of the United States in his official capacity or in
relation to the discharge of his official duties under the Clean
Air Act, as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment
of this Act shall abate by reason of the taking effect of the
amendments made by this Act. The court may, on its own motion or
that of any party made at any time within twelve months after
such
taking effect, allow the same to be maintained by or against the
Administrator or such officer or employee.
(b) All rules, regulations, orders, determinations, contracts,
certifications, authorizations, delegations, or other actions
duly issued, made, or taken by or pursuant to the Clean Air Act
as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this
Act, and pertaining to any functions, powers, requirements, and

421





duties under the Clean Air Act, as in effect immediately prior to
the date of enactment of this Act, and not suspended by the
Administrator or the courts, shall continue in full force and
effect after the date of enactment of this Act until modified or
rescinded in accordance with the Clean Air Act as amended by this
Act.
(c) Nothing in this Act nor any action taken pursuant to this
Act shall in any way affect any requirement of an approved
implementation plan in effect under section 110 of the Clean Air
Act or any other provision of the Act in effect under the Clean
Air Act before the date of enactment of this section until
modified or rescinded in accordance with the Clean Air Act as
amended by this Act.
(d)(1) Except as otherwise expressly provided, the amendments
made by this Act shall be effective on date of enactment.
(2) Except as otherwise expressly provided, each State required
to revise its applicable implementation plan by reason of any
amendment made by this Act shall adopt and submit to the Adminis-
trator of the Environmental Protection Administration such plan
revision before the later of the date-
(A) one year after the date of enactment of this Act, or
(B) nine months after the date of promulgation by the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Administration
of any regulations under an amendment made by this Act which
are necessary for the approval of such plan revision.

PROVISIONS OF THE ENERGY SECURITY ACT (PUBLIC LAW
9609294) RELATED TO THE CLEAN AIR ACT
* * * * * * *

TITLE VII - ACID PRECIPITATION PROGRAM AND CARBON
DIOXIDE STUDY

Subtitle A - Acid Precipitation

SHORT TITLE

Sec. 701. This title may be cited as the "Acid Precipitation
Act of 1980".
STATEMENT OF FINDINGS AND PURPOSE

Sec. 702. (a) The Congress finds and declares that acid
precipitation resulting from other than natural sources-
(1) could contribute to the increasing pollution of
natural and man-made water systems;
(2) could adversely affect agricultural and forest crops;
(3) could adversely affect fish and wildlife and natural
ecosystems generally;
(4) could contribute to corrosion of metals, wood, paint,
and masonry used in construction and ornamentation of build-
ings and public monuments;
(5) could adversely affect public health and welfare; and
(6) could affect areas distant from sources and thus
involve issues of national and international policy.


422



(b) The Congress declares that it is the purpose of this
subtitle-
(1) to identify the causes and sources of acid precipita-
tion;
(2) to evaluate the environmental, social, and economic
effects of acid precipitation; and
(3) based on the results of the research program estab-
lished by this subtitle and to the extent consistent with
existing law, to take action to the extent necessary and
practicable (A) to limit or eliminate the identified emis-
sions which are sources of acid precipitation, and (B) to
remedy or otherwise ameliorate the harmful effects which may
result from acid precipitation.
(c) For purposes of this subtitle the term "acid precipitation"
means the wet or dry deposition from the atmosphere of acid
chemical compounds.

INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE; COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM

Sec. 703. (a) There is hereby established a comprehensive ten-
year program to carry out the provisions of this subtitle; and to
implement this program there shall be formed an Acid
Precipitation Task Force (hereafter in this subtitle referred to
as the "Task Force"), of which the Secretary of Agriculture, the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration shall be joint chairmen. The remaining membership
of the Task Force shall consist of-
(1) one representative each from the Department of the
Interior, the Department of Health and Human Services, the
Department of Commerce, the Department of Energy, the
Department of State, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, the Council on Environmental Quality, the
National Science Foundation, and the Tennessee Valley
Authority;
(2) the director of the Argonne National Laboratory, the
director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, the director
of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the director of
the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; and
(3) four additional members to be appointed by the Presi-
dent.
(b) The four National Laboratories (referred to in subsection
(a)(2)) shall constitute a research management consortium having
the responsibilities described in section 704(b)(13) as well as
the general responsibilities required by their representation on
the Task Force. In carrying out these responsibilities the
consortium shall report to, and act pursuant to direction from,
the joint chairmen of the Task Force.
(c) The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration shall serve as the director of the research
program established by this subtitle.
COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH PLAN

Sec. 704. (a) The Task Force shall prepare a comprehensive
research plan for the ten-year program (hereafter in this
subtitle referred to as the "comprehensive plan"), setting forth


423





a coordinated program (1) to identify the causes and effects of
acid precipitation and (2) to identify actions to limit or
ameliorate the harmful effects of acid precipitation.
(b) The comprehensive plan shall include programs for-
(1) identifying the sources of atmospheric emissions
contributing to acid precipitation;
(2) establishing and operating a nationwide long-term
monitoring network to detect and measure levels of acid
precipitation;
(3) research in atmospheric physics and chemistry to
facilitate understanding of the processes by which
atmospheric emissions are transformed into acid
precipitation;
(4) development and application of atmospheric transport
models to enable prediction of long-range transport of sub-
stances causing acid precipitation;
(5) defining geographic areas of impact through deposition
monitoring, identification of sensitive areas, and identifi-
cation of areas at risk;
(6) broadening of impact data bases through collection of
existing data on water and soil chemistry and through
temporal trend analysis;
(7) development of dose-response functions with respect to
soils, soil organisms, aquatic and amphibious organisms,
crop plants, and forest plants;
(8) establishing and carrying out system studies with
respect to plant physiology, aquatic ecosystems, soil
chemistry systems, soil microbial systems, and forest
ecosystems;
(9) economic assessments of (A) the environmental impacts
caused by acid precipitation on crops, forests, fisheries,
and recreational and aesthetic resources and structures, and
(B) alternative technologies to remedy or otherwise amelio-
rate the harmful effects which may result from acid precipi-
tation;
(10) documenting all current Federal activities related to
research on acid precipitation and ensuring that such
activities are coordinated in ways that prevent needless
duplication and waste of financial and technical resources;
(11) effecting cooperation in acid precipitation research
and development programs, ongoing and planned, with the
affected and contributing States and with other sovereign
nations having a commonality of interest;
(12) subject to subsection (f)(1), management by the Task
Force of financial resources committed to Federal acid
precipitation research and development;
(13) subject to subsection (f)(2), management of the
technical aspects of Federal acid precipitation research and
development programs, including but not limited to (A) the
planning and management of research and development programs
and projects, (B) the selection of contractors and grantees
to carry out such programs and projects, and (C) the estab-
lishment of peer review procedures to assure the quality of
research and development programs and their products; and


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(14) analyzing the information available regarding acid
precipitation in order to formulate and present periodic
recommendations to the Congress and the appropriate agencies
about actions to be taken by these bodies to alleviate acid
precipitation and its effects.
(c) The comprehensive plan-
(1) shall be submitted in draft form to the Congress, and
for public review, within six months after the date of the
enactment of this Act;
(2) shall be available for public comment for a period of
sixty days after its submission in draft form under
paragraph (1);
(3) shall be submitted in final form, incorporating such
needed revisions as arise from comments received during the
review period, tothe President and the Congresswithin forty-
five days after the close of the period allowed for
comments on the draft comprehensive plan under paragraph
(2); and
(4) shall constitute the basis on which requests for
authorizations and appropriations are to be made for the
nine fiscal years following the fiscal year in which the
comprehensive plan is submitted in final form under
paragraph (3).
(d) The Task Force shall convene as necessary, but no less than
twice during each fiscal year of the ten-year period covered by
the comprehensive plan.
(e) The Task Force shall submit to the President and the
Congress by January 15 of each year an annual report which shall
detail the progress of the research program under this subtitle
and which shall contain such recommendations as are developed
under subsection (b)(14).
(f)(1) Subsection (b)(12) shall not be construed as modifying,
or as authorizing the Task Force or the comprehensive plan to
modify, any provision of an appropriation Act (or any other
provision of law relating to the use of appropriated funds) which
specifies (A) the department or agency to which funds are
appropriated, or (B) the obligations of such department or agency
with respect to the use of such funds.
(2) Subsection (b)(13) shall not be construed as modifying, or
as authorizing the Task Force or the comprehensive plan to
modify, any provision of law (relating to or involving a
department or agency) which specifies (A) procurement practices
for the selection, award, or management of contracts or grants by
such department or agency, or (B) program activities,
limitations, obligations, or responsibilities of such department
or agency.

IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

Sec. 705. (a) The comprehensive plan shall be carried out
during the nine fiscal years following the fiscal year in which
the comprehensive plan is submitted in its final form under
section 704(c)(3); and-
(1) shall be carried out in accord with, and meet the
program objectives specified in, paragraphs (1) through (11)
of section 704(b);


425



(2) shall be managed in accord with paragraphs (12)
through (14) of such section; and
(3) shall be funded by annual appropriations, subject to
annual authorizations which shall be made for each fiscal
year of the program (as provided in section 706) after the
submission of the Task Force progress report which under
section 704(e) is required to be submitted by January 15 of
the calendar year in which such fiscal year begins.
(b) Nothing in this subtitle shall be deemed to grant any new
regulatory authority or to limit, expand, or otherwise modify any
regulatory authority under existing law, or to establish new
criteria, standards, or requirements for regulation under
existing law.

AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

Sec. 706. (a) For the purpose of establishing the Task Force
and developing the comprehensive plan under section 704 there is
authorized to be appropriated to the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration for fiscal year 1981 the sum of $5,000,000,
to remain available until expended.
(b) Authorizations of appropriations for the nine fiscal years
following the fiscal year in which the comprehensive plan is
submitted in final form under section 704(c)(3), for purposes of
carrying out the comprehensive ten-year program established by
section 703(a) and implementing the comprehensive plan under
sections 704 and 705, shall be provided on an annual basis in
authorization Acts hereafter enacted; but the total sum of
dollars authorized for such purposes for such nine fiscal years
shall not exceed $45,000,000 except as may be specifically
provided by reference to this paragraph in the authorization Acts
involved.

Subtitle B - Carbon Dioxide

STUDY
Sec. 711. (a)(1) The Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy shall enter into an agreement with the National
Academy of Sciences to carry out a comprehensive study of the
projected impact, on the level of carbon dioxide in the atmo-
sphere, of fossil fuel combustion, coal-conversion and related
synthetic fuels activities authorized in this Act, and other
sources. Such study should also include an assessment of the
economic, physical, climatic, and social effects of such impacts.
In conducting such study the Office and the Academy are
encouraged to work with domestic and foreign governmental and
non-governmental entities, and international entities, so as to
develop an international, worldwide assessment of the problems
involved and to suggest such original research on any aspect of
such problems as the Academy deems necessary.
(2) The President shall report to the Congress within six
months after the date of the enactment of this Act regarding the
status of the Office's negotiations to implement the study
required under this section.
(b) A report including the major findings and recommendations
resulting from this study required under this section shall be


426



submitted to the Congress by the Office and the Academy not later

than three years after the date of the enactment of this Act. The
Academy contribution to such report shall not be subject to any
prior clearance or review, nor shall any prior clearance or
conditions be imposed on the Academy as part of the agreement
made by the Office with the Academy under this section. Such
report shall in any event include recommendations regarding-
(1) how a long-term program of domestic and international
research, monitoring, modeling, and assessment of the causes
and effects of varying levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
should be structured, including comments by the Office on
the interagency requirements of such a program and comments
by the Secretary of State on the international agreements
required to carry out such a program;
(2) how the United States can best play a role in the
development of such a long-term program on an international
basis;
(3) what domestic resources should be made available to
such a program;
(4) how the ongoing United States Government carbon
dioxide assessment program should be modified so as to be of
increased utility in providing information and
recommendations of the highest possible value to government
policy makers; and
(5) the need for periodic reports to the Congress in
conjunction with any long-term program the Office and the
Academy may recommend under this section.
(c) The Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Commerce, the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall furnish to the
Office or the Academy upon request any information which the
Office or the Academy determines to be necessary for purposes of
conducting the study required by this section.
(d) The Office shall provide a separate assessment of the
interagency requirements to implement a comprehensive program of
the type described in the third sentence of subsection (b).

AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

Sec. 712. For the expenses of carrying out the carbon dioxide
study authorized by section 711 (as determined by the Office of
Science and Technology Policy) there are authorized to be
appropriated such sums, not exceeding $3,000,000 in the
aggregate, as may be necessary. At least 80 percent of any
amounts appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be
provided to the National Academy of Sciences.




APPENDIX B



PROVISIONS OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF


427





1977 (PUBLIC LAW 101-549) THAT DID NOT AMEND THE
CLEAN AIR ACT

* * * * * * *

PART B - OTHER PROVISIONS

SEC. 231. ETHANOL SUBSTITUTE FOR DIESEL.
Within one year after the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amend-
ments of 1990, the Administrator shall contract with a laboratory
which has done research on alcohol esters of rapeseed oil to
evaluate the feasibility, engine performance, emissions, and
production capability associated with an alternative to diesel
fuel composed of ethanol and high erucic rapeseed oil. The
Administrator shall submit a report on the results of this
research to Congress within 3 years of the issuance of such
contract.
* * * * * * *

SEC. 233. STATES AUTHORITY TO REGULATE.
(a) Study.- The Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency and the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with
the Secretary of Defense, shall commence a study and
investigation of the testing of uninstalled aircraft engines in
enclosed test cells that shall address at a minimum the following
issues and such other issues as they shall deem appropriate-
(1) whether technologies exist to control some or all
emissions of oxides of nitrogen from test cells;
(2) the effectiveness of such technologies;
(3) the cost of implementing such technologies;
(4) whether such technologies affect the safety, design,
structure, operation, or performance of aircraft engines;
(5) whether such technologies impair the effectiveness and
accuracy of aircraft engine safety design, and performance
tests conducted in test cells; and
(6) the impact of not controlling such oxides of nitrogen
in the applicable nonattainment areas and on other sources,
stationary and mobile, on oxides of nitrogen in such areas. (continued)