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(continued)
(3) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor vehicle must be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. The Administrator may authorize maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure.
(c) Transmission. The provisions of §86.128 of this chapter apply for vehicle transmission operation during highway fuel economy testing under this subpart.
(d) Road load power and test weight determination. Section 86.129 of this chapter applies for determination of road load power and test weight for highway fuel economy testing. The test weight for the testing of a certification vehicle will be that test weight specified by the Administrator under the provisions of part 86 of this chapter. The test weight for a fuel economy data vehicle will be that test weight specified by the Administrator from the test weights covered by that vehicle configuration. The Administrator will base his selection of a test weight on the relative projected sales volumes of the various test weights within the vehicle configuration.
(e) Vehicle preconditioning. The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer Procedure is designed to be performed immediately following the Federal Emission Test Procedure, §§86.127 through 86.138 of this chapter. When conditions allow, the tests should be scheduled in this sequence. In the event the tests cannot be scheduled within three hours of the Federal Emission Test Procedure (including one hour hot soak evaporative loss test, if applicable) the vehicle should be preconditioned as in paragraph (e) (1) or (2) of this section, as applicable.
(1) If the vehicle has experienced more than three hours of soak (68 °F–86 °F) since the completion of the Federal Emission Test Procedure, or has experienced periods of storage outdoors, or in environments where soak temperature is not controlled to 68 °F–86 °F, the vehicle must be preconditioned by operation on a dynamometer through one cycle of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, §86.115 of this chapter.
(2) In unusual circumstances where additional preconditioning is desired by the manufacturer, the provisions of §86.132(a)(3) of this chapter apply.
(f) Highway fuel economy dynamometer procedure. (1) The dynamometer procedure consists of two cycles of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (§600.109(b)) separated by 15 seconds of idle. The first cycle of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule is driven to precondition the test vehicle and the second is driven for the fuel economy measurement.
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (b), (c), (e), (f), (g) and (h) of §86.135 Dynamometer procedure of this chapter, apply for highway fuel economy testing.
(3) Only one exhaust sample and one background sample are collected and analyzed for hydrocarbons (except diesel hydrocarbons which are analyzed continuously), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Methanol and formaldehyde samples (exhaust and dilution air) are collected and analyzed for methanol-fueled vehicles (measurement of methanol and formaldehyde may be omitted for 1993 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles provided a HFID calibrated on methanol is used for measuring HC plus methanol).
(4) The fuel economy measurement cycle of the test includes two seconds of idle indexed at the beginning of the second cycle and two seconds of idle indexed at the end of the second cycle.
(g) Engine starting and restarting. (1) If the engine is not running at the initiation of the highway fuel economy test (preconditioning cycle), the start-up procedure must be according to the manufacturer's recommended procedures.
(2) False starts and stalls during the preconditioning cycle must be treated as in 40 CFR 86.136 (d) and (e). If the vehicle stalls during the measurement cycle of the highway fuel economy test, the test is voided, corrective action may be taken according to 40 CFR 86.079–25 or 40 CFR 86.1834–01 as applicable, and the vehicle may be rescheduled for test. The person taking the corrective action shall report the action so that the test records for the vehicle contain a record of the action.
(h) Dynamometer test run. The following steps must be taken for each test:
(1) Place the drive wheels of the vehicle on the dynamometer. The vehicle may be driven onto the dynamometer.
(2) Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the cooling fans(s) required. Manufacturers may request the use of additional cooling fans for additional engine compartment or under-vehicle cooling and for controlling high tire or brake temperatures during dynamometer operation.
(3) Preparation of the CVS must be performed before the measurement highway driving cycle.
(4) Equipment preparation. The provisions of §86.137(b)(3) through (6) of this chapter apply for highway fuel economy test except that only one exhaust sample collection bag and one dilution air sample collection bag need be connected to the sample collection systems.
(5) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified in §600.109(b).
(6) When the vehicle reaches zero speed at the end of the preconditioning cycle, the driver has 17 seconds to prepare for the emission measurement cycle of the test. Reset and enable the roll revolution counter.
(7) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified in §600.109(b) while sampling the exhaust gas.
(8) Sampling must begin two seconds before beginning the first acceleration of the fuel economy measurement cycle and must end two seconds after the end of the deceleration to zero. At the end of the deceleration to zero speed, the roll or shaft revolutions must be recorded.
(i) For methanol dual fuel automobiles, the procedures of §600.111 (a) and (b) shall be performed for each of the required test fuels:
(1) Gasoline or diesel fuel as specified in §600.107 (a) and (b); and
(2) Methanol fuel as specified in §600.107 (c) and (d); and
(3) A mixture containing 50% gasoline or diesel and 50% methanol by volume, applicable during model years 1993 through 1995; or
(4) In lieu of testing using the mixture containing 50% gasoline or diesel and 50% methanol by volume, the manufacturer must provide a written statement attesting that the equal or superior energy efficiency is attained while using the 50% gasoline or diesel and 50% methanol mixture compared to using gasoline.
[59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994, as amended at 64 FR 23975, May 4, 1999]
§ 600.112-78 Exhaust sample analysis.
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The exhaust sample analysis must be performed according to §86.140 of this chapter.
§ 600.113-78 Fuel economy calculations.
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The calculations of vehicle fuel economy values require the weighted grams/mile values for HC, CO, and CO2 for the city fuel economy test and the grams/mile values for HC, CO, and CO2 for the highway fuel economy test. The city and highway fuel economy values must be calculated by the procedures of this section. A sample calculation appears in appendix II to this part.
(a) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the city fuel economy test for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in §86.144 of this chapter.
(b)(1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in paragraph (b) of §86.144 of this chapter.
(2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway test for HC, CO, and CO2 by dividing the mass values obtained in (b)(1) by the actual distance traveled, measured in miles, as specified in paragraph (h) of §86.135 of this chapter.
(c) Calculate the city fuel economy and highway fuel economy from grams/mile values for HC, CO, and CO2. The emission values (obtained per paragraph (a) or (b) as applicable) used in each calculation of this section shall be rounded in accordance with §86.079–26(a)(6)(ii). The CO2 values (obtained per paragraph (a) or (b) of this section as applicable) used in each calculation in this section are rounded to the nearest gram/mile.
(d) For gasoline-fueled automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in miles per gallon of gasoline by dividing 2421 by the sum of three terms:
(1) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph (c)),
(2) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph (c), and
(3) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (c) of this section).
Round to quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
(e) For diesel powered automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in miles per gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three terms:
(1) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (c) of this section),
(2) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (c)), and
(3) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (c)).
Round the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
[42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52929, Nov. 14, 1978]
§ 600.113-88 Fuel economy calculations.
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The Administrator will use the calculation procedure set forth in this paragraph for all official EPA tests. For the 1988 model year, manufacturers may choose to use this procedure or use the calculation procedure described in §600.113–78. However, once a manufacturer uses this procedure, it must be used for all subsequent tests. This procedure must be used by manufacturers for 1989 and later model years. The calculations of the weighted fuel economy values require input of the weighted grams/mile values for HC, CO and CO2 for both the city fuel economy test and the highway fuel economy test. Additionally, for tests of gasoline-fueled vehicles, the specific gravity, carbon weight fraction and net heating value of the test fuel must be determined. The city and highway fuel economy values shall be calculated as specified in this section. A sample appears in appendix II to this part.
(a) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the city fuel economy test for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in §86.144 of this chapter. For tests of gasoline-fueled vehicles, measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b)(1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in paragraph (b) of §86.144 of this chapter. For tests of gasoline-fueled vehicles, measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway fuel economy test for HC, CO, and CO2 by dividing the mass values obtained in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, by the actual distance traveled, measured in miles, as specified in paragraph (h) of §86.135 of this chapter.
(c) Gasoline test fuel properties shall be determined by analysis of a fuel sample taken from the fuel supply. A sample shall be taken after each addition of fresh fuel to the fuel supply. Additionally, the fuel shall be resampled once a month to account for any fuel property changes during storage. Less frequent resampling may be permitted if EPA concludes, on the basis of manufacturer-supplied data, that the properties of test fuel in the manufacturer's storage facility will remain stable for a period longer than one month. The fuel samples shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties:
(1) Specific gravity per ASTM D 1298.
(2) Carbon weight fraction per ASTM D 3343.
(3) Net heating value (Btu/lb) per ASTM D 3338.
(d) Calculate the city fuel economy and highway fuel economy from the grams/mile values for HC, CO, CO2 and, for test of gasoline-fueled vehicles, the test fuel's specific gravity, carbon weight fraction and net heating value. The emission values (obtained per paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each calculation of this section shall be rounded in accordance with §86.084–26(a)(6)(iii). The CO2 values (obtained per paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each calculation of this section shall be rounded to the nearest gram/mile. The specific gravity and the carbon weight fraction (obtained per paragraph (c) of this section) shall be recorded using three places to the right of the decimal point. The net heating value (obtained per paragraph (c) of this section) shall be recorded to the nearest whole Btu/lb. These numbers shall be rounded in accordance with the “Rounding Off Method” specified in ASTM E 29–67.
(e) For gasoline-fueled automobiles, the fuel economy in miles per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:
mpg=(5174×10 4 ×CWF×SG)/
[((CWF×HC)+(0.429×CO))+(0.273×CO2))
×((0.6×SG×NHV)+5471)]
Where:
HC=Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO=Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO2=Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CWF=Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
NHV=Net heating value by mass of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (D) of this section.
SG=Specific gravity of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
Round the calculated result to the nearest 0.1 miles per gallon.
(f) For diesel automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in miles per gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three terms:
(1) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section),
(2) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section), and
(3) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section).
Round the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
[51 FR 37851, Oct. 24, 1986]
§ 600.113-93 Fuel economy calculations.
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The Administrator will use the calculation procedure set forth in this paragraph for all official EPA testing of vehicles fueled with gasoline, diesel, methanol or natural gas fuel. The calculations of the weighted fuel economy values require input of the weighted grams/mile values for total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2); and, additionally for methanol-fueled automobiles, methanol (CH3 OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO); and additionally for natural gas-fueled vehicles non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and methane (CH4) for both the city fuel economy test and the highway fuel economy test. Additionally, the specific gravity, carbon weight fraction and net heating value of the test fuel must be determined. The city and highway fuel economy values shall be calculated as specified in this section. A sample appears in appendix II to this part.
(a) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the city fuel economy test for HC, CO and CO2; and, additionally for methanol-fueled automobiles, CH3 OH and HCHO; and additionally for natural gas-fueled automobiles NMHC and CH4 as specified in §86.144 of this chapter. Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b)(1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test for HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable CH3 OH, HCHO, NMHC and CH4 as specified in §86.144(b) of this chapter. Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway fuel economy test for HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable CH3 OH, HCHO, NMHC and CH4 by dividing the mass values obtained in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, by the actual distance traveled, measured in miles, as specified in §86.135(h) of this chapter.
(c)(1) Gasoline test fuel properties shall be determined by analysis of a fuel sample taken from the fuel supply. A sample shall be taken after each addition of fresh fuel to the fuel supply. Additionally, the fuel shall be resampled once a month to account for any fuel property changes during storage. Less frequent resampling may be permitted if EPA concludes, on the basis of manufacturer-supplied data, that the properties of test fuel in the manufacturer's storage facility will remain stable for a period longer than one month. The fuel samples shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties:
(i) Specific gravity per ASTM D 1298 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).
(ii) Carbon weight fraction per ASTM D 3343 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).
(iii) Net heating value (Btu/lb) per ASTM D 3338 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).
(2) Methanol test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties:
(i) Specific gravity using either:
(A) ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93) for the blend or:
(B) ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93) for the gasoline fuel component and also for the methanol fuel component and combining as follows:
SG=SGg×volume fraction gasoline+SGm×volume fraction methanol.
(ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using the following equation:
CWF=CWFg×MFg+0.375×MFm
Where:
CWFg=Carbon weight fraction of gasoline portion of blend per ASTM D 3343 (incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).
MFg=Mass fraction gasoline=(GxSGg)/(GxSGg+MxSGm)
MFm=Mass fraction methanol=(MxSGm)/(GxSGg+MxSGm)
Where:
G=Volume fraction gasoline
M=Volume fraction methanol
SGg=Specific gravity of gasoline as measured by ASTM D 1298 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).
SGm=Specific gravity of methanol as measured by ASTM D 1298 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).
(B) Upon the approval of the Administrator, other procedures to measure the carbon weight fraction of the fuel blend may be used if the manufacturer can show that the procedures are superior to or equally as accurate as those specified in this paragraph (c)(2)(ii).
(iii) Net heating value (BTU/lb) per ASTM D 240 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).
(3) Natural gas test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties:
(i) Fuel composition per ASTM D 1945–91, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas By Gas Chromatography. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(ii) Specific gravity (based on fuel composition per ASTM D 1945).
(iii) Carbon weight fraction based on the carbon contained only in the HC constituents of the fuel=weight of carbon in HC constituents divided by the total weight of fuel.
(iv) Carbon weight fraction of fuel=total weight of carbon in the fuel (i.e., includes carbon contained in HC and in CO2) divided by total weight of fuel.
(d) Calculate the city fuel economy and highway fuel economy from the grams/mile values for total HC, CO, CO2 and, where applicable, CH3, OH, HCHO, NMHC and CH4 and, the test fuel's specific gravity, carbon weight fraction, net heating value, and additionally for natural gas, the test fuel's composition. The emission values (obtained per paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each calculation of this section shall be rounded in accordance with 40 CFR 86.084–26(a)(6)(iii) or 40 CFR 86.1837–01 as applicable. The CO2 values (obtained per paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each calculation of this section shall be rounded to the nearest gram/mile. The specific gravity and the carbon weight fraction (obtained per paragraph (c) of this section) shall be recorded using three places to the right of the decimal point. The net heating value (obtained per paragraph (c) of this section) shall be recorded to the nearest whole Btu/lb.
(e)(1) For gasoline-fueled automobiles, the fuel economy in miles per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:
mpg=(5174×10 4 ×CWF×SG) / [((CWF×HC) + (0.429× CO) + (0.273×CO2)) × ((0.6×SGxNHV)+5471)]
Where:
HC=Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO=Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO2=Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CWF=Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
NHV=Net heating value by mass of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
SG=Specific gravity of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
(2) Round the calculated result to the nearest 0.1 miles per gallon.
(f)(1) For diesel-fueled automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in miles per gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three terms:
(i) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section);
(ii) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section); and
(iii) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section).
(2) Round the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
(g) For methanol-fueled automobiles and automobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and methanol, the fuel economy in miles per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:
mpg=(CWF×SG×3781.8) / ((CWFexHC×HC) + (0.429×CO) + (0.273×CO2) + (0.375×CH3 OH) + (0.400×HCHO))
Where:
CWF=Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as determined in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section.
SG=Specific gravity of the fuel as determined in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section.
CWFexHC=Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons= CWFg as determined in (c)(2)(ii) of this section (for M100 fuel, CWFexHC=0.866).
HC=Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO=Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO2=Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CH3 OH=Grams/mile CH3 OH (methanol) as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
HCHO=Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
(h) For automobiles fueled with natural gas, the fuel economy in miles per gallon of natural gas is to be calculated using the following equation:
Where:
mpge=miles per equivalent gallon of natural gas.
CWFHC/NG=carbon weight fraction based on the hydrocarbon constituents in the natural gas fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
DNG=density of the natural gas fuel [grams/ft 3 at 68 °F (20 °C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)] pressure as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CH4, NMHC, CO, and CO2=weighted mass exhaust emissions [grams/mile] for methane, non-methane HC, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide as calculated in §600.113.
CWFNMHC=carbon weight fraction of the non-methane HC constituents in the fuel as determined from the speciated fuel composition per paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
CO2NG=grams of carbon dioxide in the natural gas fuel consumed per mile of travel.
CO2NG=FCNG DNG WFCO2
where:
where:
CWFNG=the carbon weight fraction of the natural gas fuel as calculated in paragraph (d) of this section.
WFCO2=weight fraction carbon dioxide of the natural gas fuel calculated using the mole fractions and molecular weights of the natural gas fuel constituents per ASTM D 1945.
[59 FR 39654, Aug. 3, 1994; 59 FR 44795, Aug. 30, 1994, as amended at 59 FR 48537, Sept. 21, 1994; 64 FR 23975, May 4, 1999; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004]
Subpart C—Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles—Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy Values
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§ 600.201-86 General applicability.
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(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
[49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984]
§ 600.201-93 General applicability.
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The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.
[59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994]
§ 600.202-77 Definitions.
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The definitions in §600.002 apply to this subpart.
§ 600.203-77 Abbreviations.
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The abbreviations in §600.003 apply to this subpart.
§ 600.204-77 Section numbering, construction.
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The section numbering system set forth in §600.004 applies to this subpart.
§ 600.205-77 Recordkeeping.
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The recordkeeping requirements set forth in §600.005 apply to this subpart.
§ 600.206-86 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-fueled, diesel, and electric vehicle configurations.
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(a) Fuel economy values determined for each vehicle, and as approved in §600.008 (b) or (f), are used to determine city, highway, and combined fuel economy values for each vehicle configuration (as determined by the Administrator) for which data are available.
(1) If only one set of city and highway fuel economy values is accepted for a vehicle configuration, these values, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, comprise the city and highway fuel economy values for that configuration.
(2) If more than one city or highway fuel economy value is accepted for a vehicle configuration:
(i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in accordance with §600.207(a)(3).
(ii) Within each group of data, all values are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon in order to determine city and highway fuel economy values for each subconfiguration at which the vehicle configuration was tested.
(iii) All city fuel economy values and all highway fuel economy values calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are (separately for city and highway) averaged in proportion to the sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle configuration (as provided to the Administrator by the manufacturer) of vehicles of each tested subconfiguration. The resultant values, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the city and highway fuel economy values for the vehicle configuration.
(3) The combined fuel economy value for a vehicle configuration is calculated by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, as determined in §600.206(a) (1) or (2), weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon. A sample of this calculation appears in appendix II to this part.
(b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists for an electric configuration, that value, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, will comprise the petroleum-based fuel economy for that configuration.
(c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values for that vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that configuration.
[49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984]
§ 600.206-93 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, electric, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel vehicle configurations.
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(a) Fuel economy values determined for each vehicle, and as approved in §600.008 (b) or (f), are used to determine city, highway, and combined fuel economy values for each vehicle configuration (as determined by the Administrator) for which data are available.
(1) If only one set of city and highway fuel economy values is accepted for a vehicle configuration, these values, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, comprise the city and highway fuel economy values for that configuration.
(2) If more than one city or highway fuel economy value is accepted for a vehicle configuration:
(i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in accordance with §600.207(a)(3).
(ii) Within each group of data, all values are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon in order to determine city and highway fuel economy values for each subconfiguration at which the vehicle configuration was tested.
(iii) All city fuel economy values and all highway fuel economy values calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are (separately for city and highway) averaged in proportion to the sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle configuration (as provided to the Administrator by the manufacturer) of vehicles of each tested subconfiguration. The resultant values, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the city and highway fuel economy values for the vehicle configuration.
(3) The combined fuel economy value for a vehicle configuration is calculated by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, as determined in §600.206(a) (1) or (2), weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon. A sample of this calculation appears in Appendix II to this part.
(4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (a) (1) through (3) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway, and combined fuel economy values for each configuration.
(i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
(ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
(b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists for an electric configuration, that value, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, will compose the petroleum-based fuel economy for that configuration.
(c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values for that vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that configuration.
[59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994]
§ 600.207-86 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
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(a) Fuel economy values for a base level are calculated from vehicle configuration fuel economy values as determined in §600.206(a) for low-altitude tests.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in California and for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states.
(2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency of certain designs otherwise included within a model type, a manufacturer may wish to subdivide a model type into one or more additional model types. This is accomplished by separating subconfigurations from an existing base level and placing them into a new base level. The new base level is identical to the existing base level except that it shall be considered, for the purposes of this paragraph, as containing a new basic engine. The manufacturer will be permitted to designate such new basic engines and base level(s) if:
(i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label and on the vehicle bearing that label,
(ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine (i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the original base level fuel economy values), and
(iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are represented by test data in accordance with §600.010(c)(ii).
(3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales projections for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination.
(i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car line-vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each car line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any model type value is calculated for a label value.
(iii) The requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by providing an amended application for certification, as described in §86.084–21.
(4) Vehicle configuration fuel economy values, as determined in §600.206(a), are grouped according to base level.
(i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the fuel economy value from that vehicle configuration constitutes the fuel economy for that base level.
(ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the vehicle configuration fuel economy values are harmonically averaged in proportion to the respective sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the resultant fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon.
(5) The procedure specified in §600.207(a) will be repeated for each base level, thus establishing city, highway, and combined fuel economy values for each base level.
(6) For the purposes of calculating a base level fuel economy value, if the only vehicle configuration(s) within the base level are vehicle configuration(s) which are intended for sale at high altitude, the Administrator may use fuel economy data from tests conducted on these vehicle configuration(s) at high altitude to calculate the fuel economy for the base level.
(b) For each model type, as determined by the Administrator, a city, highway, and combined fuel economy value will be calculated by using the projected sales and fuel economy values for each base level within the model type.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each model type for vehicles intended for sale in California and for each model type for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states.
(2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by dividing the projected sales of the base level within the model type by the projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.0001.
(3) The city fuel economy values of the model type (calculated to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a fraction determined by dividing:
(i) The sales fraction of a base level, by
(ii) The city fuel economy value for the respective base level.
(4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined fuel economy values for the model type.
[49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984]
§ 600.207-93 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
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(a) Fuel economy values for a base level are calculated from vehicle configuration fuel economy values as determined in §600.206(a) for low-altitude tests.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in California and for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states.
(2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency of certain designs otherwise included within a model type, a manufacturer may wish to subdivide a model type into one or more additional model types. This is accomplished by separating subconfigurations from an existing base level and placing them into a new base level. The new base level is identical to the existing base level except that it shall be considered, for the purposes of this paragraph, as containing a new basic engine. The manufacturer will be permitted to designate such new basic engines and base level(s) if:
(i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label and on the vehicle bearing that label;
(ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine (i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the original base level fuel economy values); and
(iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are represented by test data in accordance with §600.010(c)(ii).
(3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales projections for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination.
(i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car line-vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each car line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any model type value is calculated for a label value.
(iii) The requirements of this paragraph (a)(3) may be satisfied by providing an amended application for certification, as described in 40 CFR 86.084–21 or 40 CFR 86.1844–01 as applicable.
(4) Vehicle configuration fuel economy values, as determined in §600.206(a), are grouped according to base level.
(i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the fuel economy value from that vehicle configuration constitutes the fuel economy for that base level.
(ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the vehicle configuration fuel economy values are harmonically averaged in proportion to the respective sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the resultant fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon.
(5) The procedure specified in §600.207(a) will be repeated for each base level, thus establishing city, highway, and combined fuel economy values for each base level.
(6) For the purposes of calculating a base level fuel economy value, if the only vehicle configuration(s) within the base level are vehicle configuration(s) which are intended for sale at high altitude, the Administrator may use fuel economy data from tests conducted on these vehicle configuration(s) at high altitude to calculate the fuel economy for the base level.
(7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway, and combined fuel economy values for each base level.
(i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
(ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
(b) For each model type, as determined by the Administrator, a city, highway, and combined fuel economy value will be calculated by using the projected sales and fuel economy values for each base level within the model type.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each model type for vehicles intended for sale in California and for each model type for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states.
(2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by dividing the projected sales of the base level within the model type by the projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.0001.
(3) The city fuel economy values of the model type (calculated to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a fraction determined by dividing:
(i) The sales fraction of a base level; by
(ii) The city fuel economy value for the respective base level.
(4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined fuel economy values for the model type.
(5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway, and combined fuel economy values for each model type.
(i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
(ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
[59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994, as amended at 64 FR 23975, May 4, 1999]
§ 600.208-77 Sample calculation.
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An example of the calculation required in this subpart appears in appendix III.
[41 FR 49761, Nov. 10, 1976]
§ 600.209-85 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
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(a) For the purposes of calculating the city model type fuel economy value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1) For general labels multiply the city model type fuel economy value determined in §600.207(b), by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg, or
(2) For specific labels multiply the city fuel economy value determined in §600.206(a)(iii), by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg, and
(b) For the purposes of calculating the highway model type fuel economy value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1) For general labels multiply the highway model type fuel economy value determined in §600.207(b) by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg, or
(2) For specific labels multiply the highway fuel economy value determined in §600.206(a)(iii) by 0.78.
(c) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b) of this section, the city value will be set equal to the highway value.
(d)(1) The combined fuel economy for a model type, to be used in determining annual fuel costs under §600.308(c), is determine (except as provided for in paragraph (d)(2) of this section), by harmonically averaging the unrounded city and highway values, determined in §209 (a) and (b), weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and rounded to the nearest whole mpg. (An example of this calculation procedure appears in appendix II of this part).
(2) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b) of this section, the combined fuel economy will be set equal to the highway value, rounded to the nearest whole mpg.
[49 FR 13845, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984]
§ 600.209-95 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
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(a) For the purposes of calculating the city model type fuel economy value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1)(i) For general labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles multiply the city model type fuel economy value determined in §600.207 (b), by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For general labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in §600.207 (b)(5)(i) by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in §600.207 (b)(5)(ii) by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(2)(i) For specific labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, multiply the city model type fuel economy value determined in §600.206 (a)(2)(iii), by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For specific labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in §600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(i) by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in §600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(ii) by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg.
(b) For the purposes of calculating the highway model type fuel economy value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1)(i) For general labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, multiply the highway model type fuel economy value determined in §600.207 (b), by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For general labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in §600.207 (b)(5)(i) by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in §600.207 (b)(5)(ii) by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(2)(i) For specific labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, multiply the highway model type fuel economy value determined in §600.206 (a)(iii), by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For specific labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in §600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(i) by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in §600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(ii) by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg.
(c) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b) of this section, the city value will be set equal to the highway value.
(d) For the purposes of calculating the combined fuel economy for a model type, to be used in determining annual fuel costs under §600.307, the manufacturer shall (except as provided for in paragraph (d)(2) of this section):
(1)(i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, harmonically average the unrounded city and highway values, determined in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(i), or (a)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(i) of this section weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and round to the nearest whole mpg. (An example of this calculation procedure appears in appendix II of this part); or
(ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, harmonically average the unrounded city and highway values from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) and (b)(1)(ii)(A), or (a)(2)(ii)(A) and (b)(2)(ii)(A) of this section.
(2) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b) of this section, the combined fuel economy will be set equal to the highway value, rounded to the nearest whole mpg.
[59 FR 39656, Aug. 3, 1994]
Subpart D—Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles—Labeling
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Source: 41 FR 49761, Nov. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted.
§ 600.301-86 General applicability.
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(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
[49 FR 13850, Apr. 6, 1984]
§ 600.301-95 General applicability.
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(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1995 and later model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excludingelectric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart. (continued)