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National
United States Regulations
40 CFR PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY OF MOTOR VEHICLES



PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY OF MOTOR VEHICLES




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Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2013.

Source: 41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A—Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles—General Provisions
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§ 600.001-86 General applicability.
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(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.

(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles.

(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.

[49 FR 13847, Apr. 6, 1984]

§ 600.001-93 General applicability.
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(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.

(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles.

(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.

[59 FR 39649, Aug. 3, 1994]

§ 600.002-85 Definitions.
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(a) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act:

(1) “Act” means part I of title V of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.).

(2) “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative.

(3) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Transportation or his authorized representative.

(4) “Automobile” means:

(i) Any four-wheel vehicle propelled by a combustion engine using onboard fuel or by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage batteries or other portable energy storage devices (rechargeable using energy from a source off the vehicle such as residential electric service),

(ii) Which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, or highways (except any vehicle operated on a rail or rails),

(iii) Which is rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight, which has a curb weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of not more than 45 square feet, or

(iv) Is a type of vehicle which the Secretary determines is substantially used for the same purposes.

(5) “Passenger Automobile” means any automobile which the Secretary determines is manufactured primarily for use in the transportation of no more than 10 individuals.

(6) “Model Year” means the manufacturer's annual production period (as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the term “model year” means the calendar year.

(7) “Federal Emission Test Procedure” refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in part 86 for the respective model year, which are used to derive city fuel economy data for gasoline-fueled or diesel vehicles.

(8) “Federal Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure” refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in subpart B of this part and which are used to derive highway fuel economy data for gasoline-fueled or diesel vehicles.

(9) “Fuel” means (i) gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles or (ii) electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles.

(10) “Fuel Economy” means (i) the average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel consumed as computed in §600.113 or §600.207 or (ii) the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered automobile as determined by the Secretary of Energy.

(11) “City Fuel Economy” means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal emission test procedure.

(12) “Highway Fuel Economy” means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal highway fuel economy test procedure.

(13)(i) “Combined Fuel Economy” means the fuel economy value determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, for gasoline-fueled and diesel vehicles.

(ii) For electric vehicles, the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure promulgated by the Secretary of Energy.

(14) “Average Fuel Economy” means the unique fuel economy value as computed under §600.510 for a specific class of automobiles produced by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards.

(15) “Certification Vehicle” means a vehicle which is selected under 40 CFR 86.084–24(b)(1) or 40 CFR 86.1824–01 as applicable, and is used to determine compliance under 40 CFR 86.084–30 or 40 CFR 86.1844–01 as applicable for issuance of an original certificate of conformity.

(16) “Fuel Economy Data Vehicle” means a vehicle used for the purpose of determining fuel economy which is not a certification vehicle.

(17) “Label” means a sticker that contains fuel economy information and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart D of this part.

(18) “Dealer” means a person who resides or is located in the United States, any territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia and who is engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to the ultimate purchaser.

(19) “Model Type” means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class.

(20) “Car Line” means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof line, number of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.

(21) “Basic Engine” means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system, energy storage device, and other components as specified by the Administrator.

(22) “Transmission Class” means a group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic, or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive; four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type, if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by the Administrator.

(23) “Base Level” means a unique combination of basic engine inertia weight class and transmission class.

(24) “Vehicle Configuration” means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level.

(25) “Engine Code” means, for gasoline-fueled and diesel vehicles, a unique combination, within an engine-system combination (as defined in part 86 of this chapter), of displacement, carburetor (or fuel injection) calibration, distributor calibration, choke calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device.

(26) “Inertia Weight Class” means the class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.

(27) “Transmission Configuration” means the Administrator may further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such as gear ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed, shift calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish characteristics within a transmission class.

(28) “Axle Ratio” means the number of times the input shaft to the differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels.

(29) “Auxiliary Emission Control Device (AECD)” means an element of design as defined in part 86.

(30) “Rounded” means a number shortened to the specific number of decimal places in accordance with the “Round Off Method” specified in ASTM E 29–67.

(31) “Calibration” means the set of specifications, including tolerances, unique to a particular design, version of application of a component, or component assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range.

(32) “Production Volume” means, for a domestic manufacturer, the number of vehicle units domestically produced in a particular model year but not exported, and for a foreign manufacturer, means the number of vehicle units of a particular model imported into the United States.

(33) “Body Style” means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats (i.e., front, second, or third seat) requiring seat belts pursuant to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety regulations. Station wagons and light trucks are identified as car lines.

(34) “Hatchback” means a passenger automobile where the conventional luggage compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by a cargo area which is open to the passenger compartment and accessed vertically by a rear door which encompasses the rear window.

(35) “Pickup Truck” means a nonpassenger automobile which has a passenger compartment and an open cargo bed.

(36) “Station Wagon” means a passenger automobile with an extended roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment open to the passenger compartment, a tailgate, and one or more rear seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying.

(37) “Gross Vehicle Weight Rating” means the manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle.

(38) “Ultimate Consumer” means the first person who purchases an automobile for purposes other than resale or leases an automobile.

(39) “Van” means any light truck having an integral enclosure fully enclosing the driver compartment and load-carrying device, and having no body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge of the windshield.

(40) “Base Vehicle” means the lowest priced version of each body style that makes up a car line.

(41) “Nonpassenger Automobile” means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5.

(42) “Four-Wheel-Drive General Utility Vehicle” means a four-wheel-drive, general purpose automobile capable of off-highway operation that has a wheelbase not more than 110 inches and that has a body shape similar to a 1977 Jeep CJ–5 or CJ–7, or the 1977 Toyota Land Cruiser, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 553.4.

(43) “Test Weight” means the weight within an inertia weight class which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.

(44) “Secretary of Energy” means the Secretary of Energy or his authorized representative.

(45) “Electric Traction Motor” means an electrically powered motor which provides tractive energy to the wheels of a vehicle.

(46) “Energy Storage Device” means a rechargeable means of storing tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a flywheel.

(47) “Motor Controller” means an electronic or electro-mechanical device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form suitable to power the traction motor.

(48) “Electrical Charging System” means a device to convert 60Hz alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging the energy storage device.

(49) “Battery Configuration” means the electrochemical type, voltage, capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical characteristics of the battery used as the tractive energy storage device.

(50) “Drive System” is determined by the number and location of drive axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive) and any other feature of the drive system if the Administrator determines that such other features may result in a fuel economy difference.

(51) “Subconfiguration” means a unique combination, within a vehicle configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics or parameters which the Administrator determines may significantly affect fuel economy within a vehicle configuration.

[49 FR 13841, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48049, Dec. 10, 1984; 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999]

§ 600.002-93 Definitions.
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(a) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined in this section shall have the meaning given them in the Act:

(1) Act means part I of title V of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.).

(2) Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative.

(3) Secretary means the Secretary of Transportation or his authorized representative.

(4) Automobile means:

(i) Any four-wheel vehicle propelled by a combustion engine using onboard fuel, or by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage batteries or other portable energy storage devices (rechargeable using energy from a source off the vehicle such as residential electric service);

(ii) Which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, or highways (except any vehicle operated on a rail or rails);

(iii) Which is rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight, which has a curb weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of not more than 45 square feet; or

(iv) Is a type of vehicle which the Secretary determines is substantially used for the same purposes.

(5) Passenger automobile means any automobile which the Secretary determines is manufactured primarily for use in the transportation of no more than 10 individuals.

(6) Model year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the term “model year” means the calendar year.

(7) Federal emission test procedure refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in part 86 for the respective model year, which are used to derive city fuel economy data.

(8) Federal highway fuel economy test procedure refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in subpart B of this part and which are used to derive highway fuel economy data.

(9) Fuel means:

(i) Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles; or

(ii) Electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles; or

(iii) Alcohol for alcohol-powered automobiles; or

(iv) Natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles.

(10) Fuel economy means:

(i) The average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as computed in §600.113 or §600.207; or

(ii) The equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered automobile as determined by the Secretary of Energy.

(11) City fuel economy means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal emission test procedure.

(12) Highway fuel economy means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal highway fuel economy test procedure.

(13) Combined fuel economy means:

(i) The fuel economy value determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively.

(ii) For electric vehicles, the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure promulgated by the Secretary of Energy.

(14) Average fuel economy means the unique fuel economy value as computed under §600.510 for a specific class of automobiles produced by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards.

(15) Certification vehicle means a vehicle which is selected under §86.084–24(b)(1) of this chapter and used to determine compliance under §86.084–30 of this chapter for issuance of an original certificate of conformity.

(16) Fuel economy data vehicle means a vehicle used for the purpose of determining fuel economy which is not a certification vehicle.

(17) Label means a sticker that contains fuel economy information and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart D of this part.

(18) Dealer means a person who resides or is located in the United States, any territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia and who is engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to the ultimate purchaser.

(19) Model type means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class.

(20) Car line means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof line, number of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.

(21) Basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system, energy storage device, and other components as specified by the Administrator.

(22) Transmission class means a group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic, or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive; four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type, if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by the Administrator.

(23) Base level means a unique combination of basic engine, inertia weight class and transmission class.

(24) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level.

(25) Engine code means a unique combination, within an engine-system combination (as defined in part 86 of this chapter), of displacement, carburetor (or fuel injection) calibration, distributor calibration, choke calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device.

(26) Inertia weight class means the class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter.

(27) Transmission configuration means the Administrator may further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such as gear ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed, shift calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish characteristics within a transmission class.

(28) Axle ratio means the number of times the input shaft to the differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels.

(29) Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of design as defined in part 86 of this chapter.

(30) Rounded means a number shortened to the specific number of decimal places in accordance with the “Round Off Method” specified in ASTM E 29 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93).

(31) Calibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances, unique to a particular design, version of application of a component, or component assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range.

(32) Production volume means, for a domestic manufacturer, the number of vehicle units domestically produced in a particular model year but not exported, and for a foreign manufacturer, means the number of vehicle units of a particular model imported into the United States.

(33) Body style means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats (i.e., front, second, or third seat) requiring seat belts pursuant to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety regulations in 49 CFR part 571. Station wagons and light trucks are identified as car lines.

(34) Hatchback means a passenger automobile where the conventional luggage compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by a cargo area which is open to the passenger compartment and accessed vertically by a rear door which encompasses the rear window.

(35) Pickup truck means a nonpassenger automobile which has a passenger compartment and an open cargo bed.

(36) Station wagon means a passenger automobile with an extended roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment open to the passenger compartment, a tailgate, and one or more rear seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying.

(37) Gross vehicle weight rating means the manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle.

(38) Ultimate consumer means the first person who purchases an automobile for purposes other than resale or leases an automobile.

(39) Van means any light truck having an integral enclosure fully enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying device, and having no body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge of the windshield.

(40) Base vehicle means the lowest priced version of each body style that makes up a car line.

(41) Nonpassenger automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5.

(42) Four-wheel-drive general utility vehicle means a four-wheel-drive, general purpose automobile capable of off-highway operation that has a wheelbase not more than 110 inches and that has a body shape similar to a 1977 Jeep CJ–5 or CJ–7, or the 1977 Toyota Land Cruiser, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 553.4.

(43) Test weight means the weight within an inertia weight class which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter.

(44) Secretary of Energy means the Secretary of Energy or his authorized representative.

(45) Electric traction motor means an electrically powered motor which provides tractive energy to the wheels of a vehicle.

(46) Energy storage device means a rechargeable means of storing tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a flywheel.

(47) Motor controller means an electronic or electro-mechanical device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form suitable to power the traction motor.

(48) Electrical charging system means a device to convert 60Hz alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging the energy storage device.

(49) Battery configuration means the electrochemical type, voltage, capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical characteristics of the battery used as the tractive energy device.

(50) Drive system is determined by the number and location of drive axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive) and any other feature of the drive system if the Administrator determines that such other features may result in a fuel economy difference.

(51) Subconfiguration means a unique combination within a vehicle configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics or parameters which the Administrator determines may significantly affect fuel economy within a vehicle configuration.

(52) Alcohol means a mixture containing 85 percent or more by volume methanol, ethanol, or other alcohols, in any combination.

(53) Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on alcohol.

(54) Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile:

(i) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel;

(ii) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with §600.510(g)(1) while operating on alcohol as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel;

(iii) Which, for model years 1993 through 1995, provides equal or superior energy efficiency, as determined in §600.510(g)(2) while operating on a mixture of alcohol and gasoline or diesel fuel containing 50 percent gasoline or diesel fuel as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and

(iv) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.

(55) “Natural gas-fueled automobile” means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on natural gas.

(56) “Natural gas dual fuel automobile” means an automobile:

(i) Which is designed to operate on natural gas and on gasoline or diesel fuel;

(ii) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in §600.510(g)(1) while operating on natural gas as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and

(iii) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.

(b) [Reserved]

[59 FR 39650, Aug. 3, 1994]

§ 600.003-77 Abbreviations.
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(a) The abbreviations used in this subpart have the same meaning as those in 40 CFR part 86, with the addition of the following: “MPG” means miles per gallon. GVWR—Gross Vehicle Weight Rating.

[41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, as amended at 41 FR 49759, Nov. 10, 1976]

§ 600.004-77 Section numbering, construction.
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(a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first model year for which a section is effective. A section is effective until superseded.

Example: Section 600.111–78 applies to the 1978 and subsequent model years until superseded. If a §600.111–81 is promulgated, it would take effect beginning with the 1981 model year; §600.111–78 would apply to model years 1978 through 1980.

(b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the section applicable for the appropriate model year.

[59 FR 39651, Aug. 3, 1994]

§ 600.005-81 Maintenance of records and rights of entry.
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The provisions of this section are applicable to all fuel economy data vehicles. Certification vehicles are required to meet the provisions of 40 CFR 86.000–7 or 40 CFR 86.1844–01, as applicable:

(a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle subject to any of the standards or procedures prescribed in this part shall establish, maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed records:

(1) General records. (i) Identification and description of all vehicles for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part.

(ii) A description of all procedures used to test each vehicle.

(iii) A copy of the information required to be submitted under §600.006 fulfills the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section.

(2) Individual records. (i) A brief history of each vehicle for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part, in the form of a separate booklet or other document for each separate vehicles, in which must be recorded:

(A) The steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its engine, drive train, fuel system, emission control system components, exhaust after treatment device, vehicle weight, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should describe the steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its electic traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles.

(B) A complete record of all emission tests performed under part 86, all fuel economy tests performed under part 600 (except tests actually performed by EPA personnel), and all electic vehicle tests performed according to procedures promulgated by DOE, including all individual worksheets and other documentation relating to each such test or exact copies thereof; the date, time, purpose, and location of each test; the number of miles accumulated on the vehicle when the tests began and ended; and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the tests.

(C) A description of mileage accumulated since selection of buildup of such vehicles including the date and time of each mileage accumulation listing both the mileage accumulated and the name of each driver, or each operator of the automatic mileage accumulation device, if applicable. Additionally, a description of mileage accumulated prior to selection or buildup of such vechicle must be maintained in such detail as is available.

(D) If used, the record of any devices employed to record the speed of mileage, or both, of the test vehicle in relationship to time.

(E) A record and description of all maintenance and other servicing performed, within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing under this part, giving the date and time of the maintenance or service, the reason for it, the person authorizing it, and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the maintenance or service. A copy of the maintenance information to be submitted under §600,006–81 fulfills the requirements of this paragraph.

(F) A brief description of any significant events affecting the vehicle during any time of the period covered by the history not described in an entry under one of the previous headings including such extraordinary events as vehicle accidents or driver speeding citations or warnings.

(3) The manufacturer shall retain all records required under this subpart for a period of five years after the end of the model year to which they relate. Records may be retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, punch cards, etc., depending on the record retention procedures of the manufacturer, provided that in every case all the information contained in hard copy shall be retained.

(b)(1) Any manufacturer who has supplied fuel economy data to meet the requirements of this part shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer during operating hours upon presentation of credentials at any of the following:

(i) Any facility where any fuel economy tests from which data are submitted or any procedures or activities connected with these tests are performed.

(ii) Any facility where any new motor vehicle which is being, was, or is to be tested is present.

(iii) Any facility where any construction process used in the modification or buildup of a vehicle into a fuel economy data vehicle is taking place or has taken place.

(iv) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any of the above is located.

(2) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall allow any EPA Enforcement Officer:

(i) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of procedures, activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, monitoring vehicle preconditioning; emission and fuel economy tests and mileage accumulation; maintenance; vehicle soak and storage procedures; and to verify correlation of calibration of test equipment;

(ii) To inspect and make copies of any required records, designs, or other documents; and

(iii) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any fuel economy vehicle and any components to be used in the construction thereof.

(3) Any EPA Enforcement Officer will be furnished, by those in charge of facility being inspected, with such reasonable assistance as may be required to help discharge any function listed in this paragraph (b). Each manufacturer is required to have those in charge of the facility furnish such reasonable assistance without charge to EPA whether or not the manufacturer controls the facility.

(4) The duty to admit any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be applicable whether or not the manufacturer owns or controls the facility in question and is applicable to both domestic and foreign manufacturers and facilities. An EPA Enforcement Officer will not attempt to make any inspections which the officer has been informed are in contravention of any law. However, if local law makes it impossible for the EPA Enforcement Officer to verify or to ensure the accuracy of data generated at a facility such that no informed judgment can properly be made as to the accuracy or reliability of data generated by or obtained for the facility, then a vehicle or data from that vehicle shall not be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part (unless the Administrator is otherwise convinced of the accuracy and reliability of such data).

(5) For purposes of this paragraph (b):

(i) “Presentation of credentials” means display of the document designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer.

(ii) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities are concerned, “operating hours” shall mean all times during which personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of the area or facility and have access to it.

(iii) For facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section, the term, “operating hours” will mean all times during which an assembly line is in operation or all times during which testing, maintenance, mileage accumulation, production or compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity related to fuel economy testing, or to vehicle manufacturer or assembly, is being carried out in a facility.

(iv) “Reasonable assistance” means providing timely and unobstructed access to and opportunity for the copying of any record, book, paper, or document required to be maintained under this section and providing timely and unobstructed access to any motor vehicle, testing facility, or testing equipment.

(v) Any entry without 24 hours prior written or oral notification to the affected manufacturer shall be authorized in writing by the Assistant Administrator for Enforcement.

[45 FR 49259, July 24, 1980, as amended at 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999]

§ 600.006-86 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
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(a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section.

(b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle:

(i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, and adjusted exhaust emission levels.

(ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modifications (if any) from the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration.

(iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect to which data are submitted:

(A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures,

(B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed, and

(C) Is in compliance with the applicable exhaust emission standards.

(2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request:

(i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.

(ii) In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should provide a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.

(iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.

(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should provide a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.

(v) If calibrations for components in paragraph (b) of this section were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced.

(c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data:

(1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 (other than those chosen in accordance with §86.084–24 (c) and (h)), the city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle, and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.

(2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results (excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and, if the data are used in fuel economy label calculations, the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.

(d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling).

(e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator.

(f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described in the Application for Certification required in §86.084–21, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and facilities.

(g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel economy label calculations generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation:

FE4,000mi=FET [0.979+5.25×10-6(mi)]-1


Where:

FE4,000mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.

FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.

mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile.


(2) For vehicles with 6,200 miles (10,000 kilometers) or less accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data.

[49 FR 13848, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 27185, July 1, 1985]

§ 600.006-87 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
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(a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section.

(b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle:

(i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, and adjusted exhaust emission levels.

(ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modifications (if any) from the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration.

(iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect to which data are submitted:

(A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures,

(B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed, and

(C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards.

(2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request:

(i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.

(ii) In the case of electric vehicles, a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.

(iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.

(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.

(v) If calibrations for components specified in paragraph (b)(2) (iii) or (iv) of this section were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced.

(c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data:

(1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 (other than those chosen in accordance with §86.085–24 (c) and (h)), the city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle, and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.

(2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results (excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and these test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.

(d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling).

(e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator.

(f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described in the Application for Certification required in §86.087–21, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and facilities.

(g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel economy label calculations in subpart D and average fuel economy calculations in subpart F for passenger automobiles within the categories identified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of §600.510. The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with (g)(3) or (g)(4) as applicable.

(2) The manufacturer shall only adjust the test data used for fuel economy label calculations, in subpart D for light trucks within the categories identified in paragraphs (a)(3) through (a)(6) of §600.510. The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with (g)(3) or (g)(4) as applicable.

(3) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation:

FE4,000mi=FET[0.979+5.25 × 10-6 (mi)]-1


Where:

FE4,000mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.

FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.

mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile.


(4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or less accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data.

[50 FR 27185, July 1, 1985]

§ 600.006-89 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
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(a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section.

(b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle:

(i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, adjusted exhaust emission levels, and test fuel property values as specified in §600.113–93 except as specified in paragraph (h) of this section.

(ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modification (if any) form the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration.

(iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect to which data are submitted:

(A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures,

(B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed, and

(C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards.

(2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request:

(i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.

(ii) In the case of electric vehicles, a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.

(iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.

(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (continued)