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(continued)
(A) The total annual benzene quantity shall be calculated as the sum of the individual benzene quantities determined at each location where a waste stream first enters an exempt waste management unit. The benzene quantity discharged from an exempt waste management unit shall not be included in this calculation.
(B) The annual benzene quantity in a waste stream managed or treated in an enhanced biodegradation unit shall not be included in the calculation of the total annual benzene quantity, if the enhanced biodegradation unit is the first exempt unit in which the waste is managed or treated. A unit shall be considered enhanced biodegradation if it is a suspended-growth process that generates biomass, uses recycled biomass, and periodically removes biomass from the process. An enhanced biodegradation unit typically operates at a food-to-microorganism ratio in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 kg of biological oxygen demand per kg of biomass per day, a mixed liquor suspended solids ratio in the range of 1 to 8 grams per liter (0.008 to 0.7 pounds per liter), and a residence time in the range of 3 to 36 hours.
(c) The owner and operator shall demonstrate that each treatment process or wastewater treatment system unit, except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, achieves the appropriate conditions specified in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section in accordance with the following requirements:
(1) Engineering calculations in accordance with requirements specified in §61.356(e) of this subpart; or
(2) Performance tests conducted using the test methods and procedures that meet the requirements specified in §61.355 of this subpart.
(d) A treatment process or waste stream is in compliance with the requirements of this subpart and exempt from the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section provided that the owner or operator documents that the treatment process or waste stream is in compliance with other regulatory requirements as follows:
(1) The treatment process is a hazardous waste incinerator for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O;
(2) The treatment process is an industrial furnace or boiler burning hazardous waste for energy recovery for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart D;
(3) The waste stream is treated by a means or to a level that meets benzene-specific treatment standards in accordance with the Land Disposal Restrictions under 40 CFR part 268, and the treatment process is designed and operated with a closed-vent system and control device meeting the requirements of §61.349 of this subpart;
(4) The waste stream is treated by a means or to a level that meets benzene-specific effluent limitations or performance standards in accordance with the Effluent Guidelines and Standards under 40 CFR parts 401–464, and the treatment process is designed and operated with a closed-vent system and control device meeting the requirements of §61.349 of this subpart; or
(5) The waste stream is discharged to an underground injection well for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 122.
(e) Except as specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, if the treatment process or wastewater treatment system unit has any openings (e.g., access doors, hatches, etc.), all such openings shall be sealed (e.g., gasketed, latched, etc.) and kept closed at all times when waste is being treated, except during inspection and maintenance.
(1) Each seal, access door, and all other openings shall be checked by visual inspections initially and quarterly thereafter to ensure that no cracks or gaps occur and that openings are closed and gasketed properly.
(2) Except as provided in §61.350 of this subpart, when a broken seal or gasket or other problem is identified, first efforts at repair shall be made as soon as practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after identification.
(3) If the cover and closed-vent system operate such that the treatment process and wastewater treatment system unit are maintained at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, the owner or operator may operate the system with an opening that is not sealed and kept closed at all times if the following conditions are met:
(i) The purpose of the opening is to provide dilution air to reduce the explosion hazard;
(ii) The opening is designed to operate with no detectable emissions as indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 ppmv above background, as determined initially and thereafter at least once per year by the methods specified in §61.355(h); and
(iii) The pressure is monitored continuously to ensure that the pressure in the treatment process and wastewater treatment system unit remain below atmospheric pressure.
(f) Except for treatment processes complying with paragraph (d) of this section, the Administrator may request at any time an owner or operator demonstrate that a treatment process or wastewater treatment system unit meets the applicable requirements specified in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section by conducting a performance test using the test methods and procedures as required in §61.355 of this subpart.
(g) The owner or operator of a treatment process or wastewater treatment system unit that is used to comply with the provisions of this section shall monitor the unit in accordance with the applicable requirements in §61.354 of this subpart.
[55 FR 8346, Mar. 7, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 37231, Sept. 10, 1990; 58 FR 3098, Jan. 7, 1993; 65 FR 62160, Oct. 17, 2000]
§ 61.349 Standards: Closed-ventsystems and control devices.
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(a) For each closed-vent system and control device used to comply with standards in accordance with §§61.343 through 61.348 of this subpart, the owner or operator shall properly design, install, operate, and maintain the closed-vent system and control device in accordance with the following requirements:
(1) The closed-vent system shall:
(i) Be designed to operate with no detectable emissions as indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500 ppmv above background, as determined initially and thereafter at least once per year by the methods specified in §61.355(h) of this subpart.
(ii) Vent systems that contain any bypass line that could divert the vent stream away from a control device used to comply with the provisions of this subpart shall install, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow away from the control device at least once every 15 minutes, except as provided in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this section.
(A) The flow indicator shall be installed at the entrance to any bypass line that could divert the vent stream away from the control device to the atmosphere.
(B) Where the bypass line valve is secured in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration, a flow indicator is not required.
(iii) All gauging and sampling devices shall be gas-tight except when gauging or sampling is taking place.
(iv) For each closed-vent system complying with paragraph (a) of this section, one or more devices which vent directly to the atmosphere may be used on the closed-vent system provided each device remains in a closed, sealed position during normal operations except when the device needs to open to prevent physical damage or permanent deformation of the closed-vent system resulting from malfunction of the unit in accordance with good engineering and safety practices for handling flammable, explosive, or other hazardous materials.
(2) The control device shall be designed and operated in accordance with the following conditions:
(i) An enclosed combustion device (e.g., a vapor incinerator, boiler, or process heater) shall meet one of the following conditions:
(A) Reduce the organic emissions vented to it by 95 weight percent or greater;
(B) Achieve a total organic compound concentration of 20 ppmv (as the sum of the concentrations for individual compounds using Method 18) on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent oxygen; or
(C) Provide a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds at a minimum temperature of 760 °C (1,400 °F). If a boiler or process heater issued as the control device, then the vent stream shall be introduced into the flame zone of the boiler or process heater.
(ii) A vapor recovery system (e.g., a carbon adsorption system or a condenser) shall recover or control the organic emissions vented to it with an efficiency of 95 weight percent or greater, or shall recover or control the benzene emissions vented to it with an efficiency of 98 weight percent or greater.
(iii) A flare shall comply with the requirements of 40 CFR 60.18.
(iv) A control device other than those described in paragraphs (a)(2) (i) through (iii) of this section may be used provided that the following conditions are met:
(A) The device shall recover or control the organic emissions vented to it with an efficiency of 95 weight percent or greater, or shall recover or control the benzene emissions vented to it with an efficiency of 98 weight percent or greater.
(B) The owner or operator shall develop test data and design information that documents the control device will achieve an emission control efficiency of either 95 percent or greater for organic compounds or 98 percent or greater for benzene.
(C) The owner or operator shall identify:
(1) The critical operating parameters that affect the emission control performance of the device;
(2) The range of values of these operating parameters that ensure the emission control efficiency specified in paragraph (a)(2)(iv)(A) of this section is maintained during operation of the device; and
(3) How these operating parameters will be monitored to ensure the proper operation and maintenance of the device.
(D) The owner or operator shall submit the information and data specified in paragraphs (a)(2)(iv) (B) and (C) of this section to the Administrator prior to operation of the alternative control device.
(E) The Administrator will determine, based on the information submitted under paragraph (a)(2)(iv)(D) of this section, if the control device subiect to paragraph (a)(2)(iv) of this section meets the requirements of §61.349. The control device subject to paragraph (a)(2)(iv) of this section may be operated prior to receiving approval from the Administrator. However, if the Administrator determines that the control device does not meet the requirements of §61.349, the facility may be subject to enforcement action beginning from the time the control device began operation.
(b) Each closed-vent system and control device used to comply with this subpart shall be operated at all times when waste is placed in the waste management unit vented to the control device except when maintenance or repair of the waste management unit cannot be completed without a shutdown of the control device.
(c) An owner and operator shall demonstrate that each control device, except for a flare, achieves the appropriate conditions specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section by using one of the following methods:
(1) Engineering calculations in accordance with requirements specified in §61.356(f) of this subpart; or
(2) Performance tests conducted using the test methods and procedures that meet the requirements specified in §61.355 of this subpart.
(d) An owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance of each flare in accordance with paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section.
(e) The Administrator may request at any time an owner or operator demonstrate that a control device meets the applicable conditions specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section by conducting a performance test using the test methods and procedures as required in §61.355, and for control devices subject to paragraph (a)(2)(iv) of this section, the Administrator may specify alternative test methods and procedures, as appropriate.
(f) Each closed-vent system and control device shall be visually inspected initially and quarterly thereafter. The visual inspection shall include inspection of ductwork and piping and connections to covers and control devices for evidence of visable defects such as holes in ductwork or piping and loose connections.
(g) Except as provided in §61.350 of this subpart, if visible defects are observed during an inspection, or if other problems are identified, or if detectable emissions are measured, a first effort to repair the closed-vent system and control device shall be made as soon as practicable but no later than 5 calendar days after detection. Repair shall be completed no later than 15 calendar days after the emissions are detected or the visible defect is observed.
(h) The owner or operator of a control device that is used to comply with the provisions of this section shall monitor the control device in accordance with §61.354(c) of this subpart.
[55 FR 8346, Mar. 7, 1990; 55 FR 12444, Apr. 3, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 37231, Sept. 10, 1990; 58 FR 3098, Jan. 7, 1993; 65 FR 62160, Oct. 17, 2000]
§ 61.350 Standards: Delay of repair.
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(a) Delay of repair of facilities or units that are subject to the provisions of this subpart will be allowed if the repair is technically impossible without a complete or partial facility or unit shutdown.
(b) Repair of such equipment shall occur before the end of the next facility or unit shutdown.
§ 61.351 Alternative standards for tanks.
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(a) As an alternative to the standards for tanks specified in §61.343 of this subpart, an owner or operator may elect to comply with one of the following:
(1) A fixed roof and internal floating roof meeting the requirements in 40 CFR 60.112b(a)(1);
(2) An external floating roof meeting the requirements of 40 CFR 60.112b (a)(2); or
(3) An alternative means of emission limitation as described in 40 CFR 60.114b.
(b) If an owner or operator elects to comply with the provisions of this section, then the owner or operator is exempt from the provisions of §61.343 of this subpart applicable to the same facilities.
[55 FR 8346, Mar. 7, 1990, as amended at 55 FR 37231, Sept. 10, 1990]
§ 61.352 Alternative standards for oil-water separators.
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(a) As an alternative to the standards for oil-water separators specified in §61.347 of this subpart, an owner or operator may elect to comply with one of the following:
(1) A floating roof meeting the requirements in 40 CFR 60.693–2(a); or
(2) An alternative means of emission limitation as described in 40 CFR 60.694.
(b) For portions of the oil-water separator where it is infeasible to construct and operate a floating roof, such as over the weir mechanism, a fixed roof vented to a vapor control device that meets the requirements in §§61.347 and 61.349 of this subpart shall be installed and operated.
(c) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, if an owner or operator elects to comply with the provisions of this section, then the owner or operator is exempt from the provisions in §61.347 of this subpart applicable to the same facilities.
§ 61.353 Alternative means of emission limitation.
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(a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of emission limitation will achieve a reduction in benzene emissions at least equivalent to the reduction in benzene emissions from the source achieved by the applicable design, equipment, work practice, or operational requirements in §§61.342 through 61.349, the Administrator will publish in the Federal Register a notice permitting the use of the alternative means for purposes of compliance with that requirement. The notice may condition the permission on requirements related to the operation and maintenance of the alternative means.
(b) Any notice under paragraph (a) of this section shall be published only after public notice and an opportunity for a hearing.
(c) Any person seeking permission under this section shall collect, verify, and submit to the Administrator information showing that the alternative means achieves equivalent emission reductions.
[55 FR 8346, Mar. 7, 1990, as amended at 58 FR 3099, Jan. 7, 1993]
§ 61.354 Monitoring of operations.
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(a) Except for a treatment process or waste stream complying with §61.348(d), the owner or operator shall monitor each treatment process or wastewater treatment system unit to ensure the unit is properly operated and maintained by one of the following monitoring procedures:
(1) Measure the benzene concentration of the waste stream exiting the treatment process complying with §61.348(a)(1)(i) at least once per month by collecting and analyzing one or more samples using the procedures specified in §61.355(c)(3).
(2) Install, calibrate, operate, and maintain according to manufacturer's specifications equipment to continuously monitor and record a process parameter (or parameters) for the treatment process or wastewater treatment system unit that indicates proper system operation. The owner or operator shall inspect at least once each operating day the data recorded by the monitoring equipment (e.g., temperature monitor or flow indicator) to ensure that the unit is operating properly.
(b) If an owner or operator complies with the requirements of §61.348(b), then the owner or operator shall monitor each wastewater treatment system to ensure the unit is properly operated and maintained by the appropriate monitoring procedure as follows:
(1) For the first exempt waste management unit in each waste treatment train, other than an enhanced biodegradation unit, measure the flow rate, using the procedures of §61.355(b), and the benzene concentration of each waste stream entering the unit at least once per month by collecting and analyzing one or more samples using the procedures specified in §61.355(c)(3).
(2) For each enhanced biodegradation unit that is the first exempt waste management unit in a treatment train, measure the benzene concentration of each waste stream entering the unit at least once per month by collecting and analyzing one or more samples using the procedures specified in §61.355(c)(3).
(c) An owner or operator subject to the requirements in §61.349 of this subpart shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a device to continuously monitor the control device operation as specified in the following paragraphs, unless alternative monitoring procedures or requirements are approved for that facility by the Administrator. The owner or operator shall inspect at least once each operating day the data recorded by the monitoring equipment (e.g., temperature monitor or flow indicator) to ensure that the control device is operating properly.
(1) For a thermal vapor incinerator, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall have an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being monitored in °C or ±0.5 °C, whichever is greater. The temperature sensor shall be installed at a representative location in the combustion chamber.
(2) For a catalytic vapor incinerator, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring temperature at two locations, and have an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being monitored in °C or ±0.5 °C, whichever is greater. One temperature sensor shall be installed in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to the catalyst bed inlet and a second temperature sensor shall be installed in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to the catalyst bed outlet.
(3) For a flare, a monitoring device in accordance with 40 CFR 60.18(f)(2) equipped with a continuous recorder.
(4) For a boiler or process heater having a design heat input capacity less than 44 MW (150 × 10 6 BTU/hr), a temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall have an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being monitored in °C or ±0.5 °C, whichever is greater. The temperature sensor shall be installed at a representative location in the combustion chamber.
(5) For a boiler or process heater having a design heat input capacity greater than or equal to 44 MW (150 × 10 6 BTU/hr), a monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure a parameter(s) that indicates good combustion operating practices are being used.
(6) For a condenser, either:
(i) A monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure either the concentration level of the organic compounds or the concentration level of benzene in the exhaust vent stream from the condenser; or
(ii) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring temperature at two locations, and have an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being monitored in °C or ±0.5 °C, whichever is greater. One temperature sensor shall be installed at a location in the exhaust stream from the condenser, and a second temperature sensor shall be installed at a location in the coolant fluid exiting the condenser.
(7) For a carbon adsorption system that regenerates the carbon bed directly in the control device such as a fixed-bed carbon adsorber, either:
(i) A monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure either the concentration level of the organic compounds or the benzene concentration level in the exhaust vent stream from the carbon bed; or
(ii) A monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure a parameter that indicates the carbon bed is regenerated on a regular, predetermined time cycle.
(8) For a vapor recovery system other than a condenser or carbon adsorption system, a monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure either the concentration level of the organic compounds or the benzene concentration level in the exhaust vent stream from the control device.
(9) For a control device subject to the requirements of §61.349(a)(2)(iv), devices to monitor the parameters as specified in §61.349(a)(2)(iv)(C).
(d) For a carbon adsorption system that does not regenerate the carbon bed directly on site in the control device (e.g., a carbon canister), either the concentration level of the organic compounds or the concentration level of benzene in the exhaust vent stream from the carbon adsorption system shall be monitored on a regular schedule, and the existing carbon shall be replaced with fresh carbon immediately when carbon breakthrough is indicated. The device shall be monitored on a daily basis or at intervals no greater than 20 percent of the design carbon replacement interval, whichever is greater. As an alternative to conducting this monitoring, an owner or operator may replace the carbon in the carbon adsorption system with fresh carbon at a regular predetermined time interval that is less than the carbon replacement interval that is determined by the maximum design flow rate and either the organic concentration or the benzene concentration in the gas stream vented to the carbon adsorption system.
(e) An alternative operation or process parameter may be monitored if it can be demonstrated that another parameter will ensure that the control device is operated in conformance with these standards and the control device's design specifications.
(f) Owners or operators using a closed-vent system that contains any bypass line that could divert a vent stream from a control device used to comply with the provisions of this subpart shall do the following:
(1) Visually inspect the bypass line valve at least once every month, checking the position of the valve and the condition of the car-seal or closure mechanism required under §61.349(a)(1)(ii) to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and the vent stream is not diverted through the bypass line.
(2) Visually inspect the readings from each flow monitoring device required by §61.349(a)(1)(ii) at least once each operating day to check that vapors are being routed to the control device as required.
(g) Each owner or operator who uses a system for emission control that is maintained at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure with openings to provide dilution air shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a device equipped with a continuous recorder to monitor the pressure in the unit to ensure that it is less than atmospheric pressure.
[55 FR 8346, Mar. 7, 1990, as amended at 58 FR 3099, Jan. 7, 1993; 65 FR 62160, Oct. 17, 2000]
§ 61.355 Test methods, procedures, and compliance provisions.
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(a) An owner or operator shall determine the total annual benzene quantity from facility waste by the following procedure:
(1) For each waste stream subject to this subpart having a flow-weighted annual average water content greater than 10 percent water, on a volume basis as total water, or is mixed with water or other wastes at any time and the resulting mixture has an annual average water content greater than 10 percent as specified in §61.342(a), the owner or operator shall:
(i) Determine the annual waste quantity for each waste stream using the procedures specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
(ii) Determine the flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration for each waste stream using the procedures specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(iii) Calculate the annual benzene quantity for each waste stream by multiplying the annual waste quantity of the waste stream times the flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration.
(2) Total annual benzene quantity from facility waste is calculated by adding together the annual benzene quantity for each waste stream generated during the year and the annual benzene quantity for each process unit turnaround waste annualized according to paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
(3) If the total annual benzene quantity from facility waste is equal to or greater than 10 Mg/yr (11 ton/yr), then the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of §61.342 (c), (d), or (e).
(4) If the total annual benzene quantity from facility waste is less than 10 Mg/yr (11 ton/yr) but is equal to or greater than 1 Mg/yr (1.1 ton/yr), then the owner or operator shall:
(i) Comply with the recordkeeping requirements of §61.356 and reporting requirements of §61.357 of this subpart; and
(ii) Repeat the determination of total annual benzene quantity from facility waste at least once per year and whenever there is a change in the process generating the waste that could cause the total annual benzene quantity from facility waste to increase to 10 Mg/yr (11 ton/yr) or more.
(5) If the total annual benzene quantity from facility waste is less than 1 Mg/yr (1.1 ton/yr), then the owner or operator shall:
(i) Comply with the recordkeeping requirements of §61.356 and reporting requirements of §61.357 of this subpart; and
(ii) Repeat the determination of total annual benzene quantity from facility waste whenever there is a change in the process generating the waste that could cause the total annual benzene quantity from facility waste to increase to 1 Mg/yr (1.1 ton/yr) or more.
(6) The benzene quantity in a waste stream that is generated less than one time per year, except as provided for process unit turnaround waste in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, shall be included in the determination of total annual benzene quantity from facility waste for the year in which the waste is generated unless the waste stream is otherwise excluded from the determination of total annual benzene quantity from facility waste in accordance with paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. The benzene quantity in this waste stream shall not be annualized or averaged over the time interval between the activities that resulted in generation of the waste, for purposes of determining the total annual benzene quantity from facility waste.
(b) For purposes of the calculation required by paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator shall determine the annual waste quantity at the point of waste generation, unless otherwise provided in paragraphs (b) (1), (2), (3), and (4) of this section, by one of the methods given in paragraphs (b) (5) through (7) of this section.
(1) The determination of annual waste quantity for sour water streams that are processed in sour water strippers shall be made at the point that the water exits the sour water stripper.
(2) The determination of annual waste quantity for wastes at coke by-product plants subject to and complying with the control requirements of §61.132, 61.133, 61.134, or 61.139 of subpart L of this part shall be made at the location that the waste stream exits the process unit component or waste management unit controlled by that subpart or at the exit of the ammonia still, provided that the following conditions are met:
(i) The transfer of wastes between units complying with the control requirements of subpart L of this part, process units, and the ammonia still is made through hard piping or other enclosed system.
(ii) The ammonia still meets the definition of a sour water stripper in §61.341.
(3) The determination of annual waste quantity for wastes that are received at hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities from offsite shall be made at the point where the waste enters the hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facility.
(4) The determination of annual waste quantity for each process unit turnaround waste generated only at 2 year or greater intervals, may be made by dividing the total quantity of waste generated during the most recent process unit turnaround by the time period (in the nearest tenth of a year) between the turnaround resulting in generation of the waste and the most recent preceding process turnaround for the unit. The resulting annual waste quantity shall be included in the calculation of the annual benzene quantity as provided in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section for the year in which the turnaround occurs and for each subsequent year until the unit undergoes the next process turnaround. For estimates of total annual benzene quantity as specified in the 90-day report, required under §61.357(a)(1), the owner or operator shall estimate the waste quantity generated during the most recent turnaround, and the time period between turnarounds in accordance with good engineering practices. If the owner or operator chooses not to annualize process unit turnaround waste, as specified in this paragraph, then the process unit turnaround waste quantity shall be included in the calculation of the annual benzene quantity for the year in which the turnaround occurs.
(5) Select the highest annual quantity of waste managed from historical records representing the most recent 5 years of operation or, if the facility has been in service for less than 5 years but at least 1 year, from historical records representing the total operating life of the facility;
(6) Use the maximum design capacity of the waste management unit; or
(7) Use measurements that are representative of maximum waste generation rates.
(c) For the purposes of the calculation required by §§61.355(a) of this subpart, an owner or operator shall determine the flow-weighted annual average ben- zene concentration in a manner that meets the requirements given in paragraph (c)(1) of this section using either of the methods given in paragraphs (c)(2) and (c)(3) of this section.
(1) The determination of flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration shall meet all of the following criteria:
(i) The determination shall be made at the point of waste generation except for the specific cases given in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this section.
(A) The determination for sour water streams that are processed in sour water strippers shall be made at the point that the water exits the sour water stripper.
(B) The determination for wastes at coke by-product plants subject to and complying with the control requirements of §61.132, 61.133, 61.134, or 61.139 of subpart L of this part shall be made at the location that the waste stream exits the process unit component or waste management unit controlled by that subpart or at the exit of the ammonia still, provided that the following conditions are met:
(1) The transfer of wastes between units complying with the control requirements of subpart L of this part, process units, and the ammonia still is made through hard piping or other enclosed system.
(2) The ammonia still meets the definition of a sour water stripper in §61.341.
(C) The determination for wastes that are received from offsite shall be made at the point where the waste enters the hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facility.
(D) The determination of flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration for process unit turnaround waste shall be made using either of the methods given in paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section. The resulting flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration shall be included in the calculation of annual benzene quantity as provided in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this section for the year in which the turnaround occurs and for each subsequent year until the unit undergoes the next process unit turnaround.
(ii) Volatilization of the benzene by exposure to air shall not be used in the determination to reduce the benzene concentration.
(iii) Mixing or diluting the waste stream with other wastes or other materials shall not be used in the determination—to reduce the benzene concentration.
(iv) The determination shall be made prior to any treatment of the waste that removes benzene, except as specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this section.
(v) For wastes with multiple phases, the determination shall provide the weighted-average benzene concentration based on the benzene concentration in each phase of the waste and the relative proportion of the phases.
(2) Knowledge of the waste. The owner or operator shall provide sufficient information to document the flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration of each waste stream. Examples of information that could constitute knowledge include material balances, records of chemicals purchases, or previous test results provided the results are still relevant to the current waste stream conditions. If test data are used, then the owner or operator shall provide documentation describing the testing protocol and the means by which sampling variability and analytical variability were accounted for in the determination of the flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration for the waste stream. When an owner or operator and the Administrator do not agree on determinations of the flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration based on knowledge of the waste, the procedures under paragraph (c)(3) of this section shall be used to resolve the disagreement.
(3) Measurements of the benzene concentration in the waste stream in accordance with the following procedures:
(i) Collect a minimum of three representative samples from each waste stream. Where feasible, samples shall be taken from an enclosed pipe prior to the waste being exposed to the atmosphere.
(ii) For waste in enclosed pipes, the following procedures shall be used:
(A) Samples shall be collected prior to the waste being exposed to the atmosphere in order to minimize the loss of benzene prior to sampling.
(B) A static mixer shall be installed in the process line or in a by-pass line unless the owner or operator demonstrates that installation of a static mixer in the line is not necessary to accurately determine the benzene concentration of the waste stream.
(C) The sampling tap shall be located within two pipe diameters of the static mixer outlet.
(D) Prior to the initiation of sampling, sample lines and cooling coil shall be purged with at least four volumes of waste.
(E) After purging, the sample flow shall be directed to a sample container and the tip of the sampling tube shall be kept below the surface of the waste during sampling to minimize contact with the atmosphere.
(F) Samples shall be collected at a flow rate such that the cooling coil is able to maintain a waste temperature less than 10 °C (50 °F).
(G) After filling, the sample container shall be capped immediately (within 5 seconds) to leave a minimum headspace in the container.
(H) The sample containers shall immediately be cooled and maintained at a temperature below 10 °C (50 °F) for transfer to the laboratory.
(iii) When sampling from an enclosed pipe is not feasible, a minimum of three representative samples shall be collected in a manner to minimize exposure of the sample to the atmosphere and loss of benzene prior to sampling.
(iv) Each waste sample shall be analyzed using one of the following test methods for determining the benzene concentration in a waste stream:
(A) Method 8020, Aromatic Volatile Organics, in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” EPA Publication No. SW–846 (incorporation by reference as specified in §61.18 of this part);
(B) Method 8021, Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Photoionization and Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” EPA Publication No. SW–846 (incorporation by reference as specified in §61.18 of this part);
(C) Method 8240, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Volatile Organics in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” EPA Publication No. SW–846 (incorporation by reference as specified in §61.18 of this part);
(D) Method 8260, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Volatile Organics: Capillary Column Technique in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” EPA Publication No. SW–846 (incorporation by reference as specified in §61.18 of this part);
(E) Method 602, Purgeable Aromatics, as described in 40 CFR part 136, appendix A, Test Procedures for Analysis of Organic Pollutants, for wastewaters for which this is an approved EPA methods; or
(F) Method 624, Purgeables, as described in 40 CFR part 136, appendix A, Test Procedures for Analysis of Organic Pollutants, for wastewaters for which this is an approved EPA method.
(v) The flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration shall be calculated by averaging the results of the sample analyses as follows:
Where:
C =Flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration for waste stream, ppmw.
Qt=Total annual waste quantity for waste stream, kg/yr (lb/yr).
n=Number of waste samples (at least 3).
Qi=Annual waste quantity for waste stream represented by Ci, kg/yr (lb/yr).
Ci=Measured concentration of benzene in waste sample i, ppmw.
(d) An owner or operator using performance tests to demonstrate compliance of a treatment process with §61.348 (a)(1)(i) shall measure the flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration of the waste stream exiting the treatment process by collecting and analyzing a minimum of three representative samples of the waste stream using the procedures in paragraph (c)(3) of this section. The test shall be conducted under conditions that exist when the treatment process is operating at the highest inlet waste stream flow rate and benzene content expected to occur. Operations during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction shall not constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a test. The owner or operator shall record all process information as is necessary to document the operating conditions during the test.
(e) An owner or operator using performance tests to demonstrate compliance of a treatment process with §61.348(a)(1)(ii) of this subpart shall determine the percent reduction of benzene in the waste stream on a mass basis by the following procedure:
(1) The test shall be conducted under conditions that exist when the treatment process is operating at the highest inlet waste stream flow rate and benzene content expected to occur. Operations during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction shall not constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a test. The owner or operator shall record all process information as is necessary to document the operating conditions during the test.
(2) All testing equipment shall be prepared and installed as specified in the appropriate test methods.
(3) The mass flow rate of benzene entering the treatment process (Eb) shall be determined by computing the product of the flow rate of the waste stream entering the treatment process, as determined by the inlet flow meter, and the benzene concentration of the waste stream, as determined using the sampling and analytical procedures specified in paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section. Three grab samples of the waste shall be taken at equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of 3 runs conducted over a 3-hour period. The mass flow rate of benzene entering the treatment process is calculated as follows:
Where:
Eb = Mass flow rate of benzene entering the treatment process, kg/hr (lb/hr).
K = Density of the waste stream, kg/m 3 (lb/ft 3 ).
Vi = Average volume flow rate of waste entering the treatment process during each run i, m 3 /hr (ft 3 /hr).
Ci = Average concentration of benzene in the waste stream entering the treatment process during each run i, ppmw.
n = Number of runs.
10 6 = Conversion factor for ppmw.
(4) The mass flow rate of benzene exiting the treatment process (Ea) shall be determined by computing the product of the flow rate of the waste stream exiting the treatment process, as determined by the outlet flow meter or the inlet flow meter, and the benzene concentration of the waste stream, as determined using the sampling and analytical procedures specified in paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section. Three grab samples of the waste shall be taken at equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of 3 runs conducted over the same 3-hour period at which the mass flow rate of benzene entering the treatment process is determined. The mass flow rate of benzene exiting the treatment process is calculated as follows:
Where:
Ea = Mass flow rate of benzene exiting the treatment process, kg/hr (lb/hr).
K = Density of the waste stream, kg/m 3 (lb/ft 3 ).
Vi = Average volume flow rate of waste exiting the treatment process during each run i, m 3 /hr (ft 3 /hr).
Ci = Average concentration of benzene in the waste stream exiting the treatment process during each run i, ppmw.
n = Number of runs.
10 6 = Conversion factor for ppmw.
(f) An owner or operator using performance tests to demonstrate compliance of a treatment process with §61.348(a)(1)(iii) of this subpart shall determine the benzene destruction efficiency for the combustion unit by the following procedure:
(1) The test shall be conducted under conditions that exist when the combustion unit is operating at the highest inlet waste stream flow rate and benzene content expected to occur. Operations during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction shall not constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a test. The owner or operator shall record all process information necessary to document the operating conditions during the test.
(2) All testing equipment shall be prepared and installed as specified in the appropriate test methods.
(3) The mass flow rate of benzene entering the combustion unit shall be determined by computing the product of the flow rate of the waste stream entering the combustion unit, as determined by the inlet flow meter, and the benzene concentration of the waste stream, as determined using the sampling procedures in paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section. Three grab samples of the waste shall be taken at equally spaced time intervals over a 1-hour period. Each 1-hour period constitutes a run, and the performance test shall consist of a minimum of 3 runs conducted over a 3-hour period. The mass flow rate of benzene into the combustion unit is calculated as follows:
Where:
Eb = Mass flow rate of benzene entering the combustion unit, kg/hr (lb/hr).
K = Density of the waste stream, kg/m 3 (lb/ft 3 ).
Vi = Average volume flow rate of waste entering the combustion unit during each run i, m 3 /hr (ft 3 /hr).
Ci = Average concentration of benzene in the waste stream entering the combustion unit during each run i, ppmw.
n = Number of runs.
10 6 = Conversion factor for ppmw.
(4) The mass flow rate of benzene exiting the combustion unit exhaust stack shall be determined as follows:
(i) The time period for the test shall not be less than 3 hours during which at least 3 stack gas samples are collected and be the same time period at which the mass flow rate of benzene entering the treatment process is determined. Each sample shall be collected over a 1-hour period (e.g., in a tedlar bag) to represent a time-integrated composite sample and each 1-hour period shall correspond to the periods when the waste feed is sampled.
(ii) A run shall consist of a 1-hour period during the test. For each run:
(A) The reading from each measurement shall be recorded;
(B) The volume exhausted shall be determined using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D from appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, as appropriate.
(C) The average benzene concentration in the exhaust downstream of the combustion unit shall be determined using Method 18 from appendix A of 40 CFR part 60.
(iii) The mass of benzene emitted during each run shall be calculated as follows:
Where:
Mi = Mass of benzene emitted during run i, kg (lb).
V = Volume of air-vapor mixture exhausted at standard conditions, m 3 (ft 3 ).
C = Concentration of benzene measured in the exhaust, ppmv.
Db = Density of benzene, 3.24 kg/m 3 (0.202 lb/ft 3 ).
10 6 = Conversion factor for ppmv.
(iv) The benzene mass emission rate in the exhaust shall be calculated as follows:
Where:
Ea = Mass flow rate of benzene emitted from the combustion unit, kg/hr (lb/hr).
Mi = Mass of benzene emitted from the combustion unit during run i, kg (lb).
T = Total time of all runs, hr.
n = Number of runs.
(5) The benzene destruction efficiency for the combustion unit shall be calculated as follows:
Where:
R = Benzene destruction efficiency for the combustion unit, percent.
Eb = Mass flow rate of benzene entering the combustion unit, kg/hr (lb/hr).
Ea = Mass flow rate of benzene emitted from the combustion unit, kg/hr (lb/hr).
(g) An owner or operator using performance tests to demonstrate compliance of a wastewater treatment system unit with §61.348(b) shall measure the flow-weighted annual average benzene concentration of the wastewater stream where the waste stream enters an exempt waste management unit by collecting and analyzing a minimum of three representative samples of the waste stream using the procedures in paragraph (c)(3) of this section. The test shall be conducted under conditions that exist when the wastewater treatment system is operating at the highest inlet wastewater stream flow rate and benzene content expected to occur. Operations during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction shall not constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a test. The owner or operator shall record all process information as is necessary to document the operating conditions during the test.
(h) An owner or operator shall test equipment for compliance with no detectable emissions as required in §§61.343 through 61.347, and §61.349 of this subpart in accordance with the following requirements:
(1) Monitoring shall comply with Method 21 from appendix A of 40 CFR part 60.
(2) The detection instrument shall meet the performance criteria of Method 21.
(3) The instrument shall be calibrated before use on each day of its use by the procedures specified in Method 21.
(4) Calibration gases shall be:
(i) Zero air (less than 10 ppm of hydrocarbon in air); and
(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a concentration of approximately, but less than, 10,000 ppm methane or n-hexane.
(5) The background level shall be determined as set forth in Method 21.
(6) The instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak interfaces as close as possible to the interface as described in Method 21.
(7) The arithmetic difference between the maximum concentration indicated by the instrument and the background level is compared to 500 ppm for determining compliance.
(i) An owner or operator using a performance test to demonstrate compliance of a control device with either the organic reduction efficiency requirement or the benzene reduction efficiency requirement specified under §61.349(a)(2) shall use the following procedures:
(1) The test shall be conducted under conditions that exist when the waste management unit vented to the control device is operating at the highest load or capacity level expected to occur. Operations during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction shall not constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a test. The owner or operator shall record all process information necessary to document the operating conditions during the test.(2) Sampling sites shall be selected using Method 1 or 1A from appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, as appropriate. (continued)