State Washington Regulations Chapter 173-303 WAC Dangerous waste regulations Last Update: 11/30/04 DISPOSITIONS OF SECTIONS FORMERLY CODIFIED IN THIS CHAPTER 173-303-275 Transfer facilities (or collection facilities). [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-275, filed 2/10/82.] Repealed by 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 173-303-284 Notice of intent. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-284, filed 3/11/88.] Repealed by 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), filed 9/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 173-303-285 Location standards. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-285, filed 3/11/88.] Repealed by 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), filed 9/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 173-303-286 Performance standards. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-286, filed 3/11/88.] Repealed by 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), filed 9/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 173-303-420 Siting standards. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-420, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-420, filed 3/11/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-420, filed 6/26/87. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.105.200 through 70.105.270. 87-03-014 (Order 86-37), § 173-303-420, filed 1/13/87. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-420, filed 4/18/84.] Repealed by 90-20-016, filed 9/21/90, effective 10/22/90. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21A.080 and 70.105.210, et seq. 173-303-901 Response to requests for public records. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-901, filed 3/11/88.] Repealed by 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), filed 9/6/88. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-010 Purpose. This regulation implements chapter 70.105 RCW, the Hazardous Waste Management Act of 1976 as amended, and implements, in part, chapters 70.105A, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW, and Subtitle C of Public Law 94-580, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which the legislature has empowered the department to implement. The purposes of this regulation are to: (1) Designate those solid wastes which are dangerous or extremely hazardous to the public health and environment; Note: The terms public health and human health are used in this chapter interchangeably. (2) Provide for surveillance and monitoring of dangerous and extremely hazardous wastes until they are detoxified, reclaimed, neutralized, or disposed of safely; (3) Provide the form and rules necessary to establish a system for manifesting, tracking, reporting, monitoring, recordkeeping, sampling, and labeling dangerous and extremely hazardous wastes; (4) Establish the siting, design, operation, closure, post-closure, financial, and monitoring requirements for dangerous and extremely hazardous waste transfer, treatment, storage, and disposal facilities; (5) Establish design, operation, and monitoring requirements for managing the state's extremely hazardous waste disposal facility; (6) Establish and administer a program for permitting dangerous and extremely hazardous waste management facilities; and (7) Encourage recycling, reuse, reclamation, and recovery to the maximum extent possible. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-010, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-010, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-010, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-010, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-010, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-010.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-016 Identifying solid waste. (1) Purpose and applicability. (a) The purpose of this section is to identify those materials that are and are not solid wastes. (b)(i) The definition of solid waste contained in this section applies only to wastes that also are dangerous for purposes of the regulations implementing chapter 70.105 RCW. For example, it does not apply to materials (such as nondangerous scrap, paper, textiles, or rubber) that are not otherwise dangerous wastes and that are recycled. (ii) This section identifies only some of the materials which are solid wastes and dangerous wastes under chapter 70.105 RCW. A material which is not defined as a solid waste in this section, or is not a dangerous waste identified or listed in this section, is still a solid waste and a dangerous waste for purposes of these sections if reason and authority exists under chapter 70.105 RCW and WAC 173-303-960. Within the constraints of chapter 70.105 RCW, this includes but is not limited to any material that: Is accumulated, used, reused, or handled in a manner that poses a threat to public health or the environment; or, due to the dangerous constituent(s) in it, when used or reused would pose a threat to public health or the environment. (c) Certain materials are solid wastes but are excluded from the requirements of this chapter by WAC 173-303-071 and 173-303-073. (2) The following terms are used and have the meanings as defined in WAC 173-303-040: (a) Boiler (b) By-product (c) Incinerator (d) Industrial furnace (e) Reclaim (f) Recover (g) Recycle (h) Used or reused (see reuse or use) (i) Sludge (j) Scrap metal (k) Spent material (l) Excluded scrap metal (m) Processed scrap metal (n) Home scrap metal (o) Prompt scrap metal (3) Definition of solid waste. (a) A solid waste is any discarded material that is not excluded by WAC 173-303-017(2) or that is not excluded by variance granted under WAC 173-303-017(5). (b) A discarded material is any material that is: (i) Abandoned, as explained in subsection (4) of this section; or (ii) Recycled, as explained in subsection (5) of this section; or (iii) Considered inherently waste-like, as explained in subsection (6) of this section. Persons registering micronutrient or waste-derived fertilizers under chapter 15.54 RCW must submit information required by the department to indicate compliance with this chapter. The required minimum information is described in WAC 173-303-505; or (iv) A military munition identified as a solid waste at WAC 173-303-578(2). (4) Materials are solid waste if they are abandoned by being: (a) Disposed of; or (b) Burned or incinerated; or (c) Accumulated, stored, or treated (but not recycled) before or in lieu of being abandoned by being disposed of, burned, or incinerated. (5) Materials are solid wastes if they are recycled -- or accumulated, stored, or treated before recycling -- as specified in (a) through (d) of this subsection. (a) Used in a manner constituting disposal. Materials noted with a "*" in column 1 of Table 1 are solid wastes when they are: (i)(A) Applied to or placed on the land in a manner that constitutes disposal; or (B) Used to produce products that are applied to or placed on the land or are otherwise contained in products that are applied to or placed on the land (in which cases the product itself remains a solid waste). (ii) However, commercial chemical products listed in WAC 173-303-9903 or which exhibit any of the criteria or characteristics listed in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100 are not solid wastes if they are applied to the land and that is their ordinary manner of use. (b) Burning for energy recovery. Materials noted with a "*" in column 2 of Table 1 are solid wastes when they are: (i) Burned to recover energy; (ii) Used to produce a fuel or are otherwise contained in fuels (in which cases the fuel itself remains a solid waste). However, commercial chemical products listed in WAC 173-303-9903 or which exhibit any of the criteria or characteristics listed in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100 are not solid wastes if they are themselves fuels. (c) Reclaimed. Materials noted with a "*" in column 3 of Table 1 are solid wastes when reclaimed. (d)(i) Accumulated speculatively. Materials noted with a "*" in column 4 of Table 1 are solid wastes when accumulated speculatively. (ii) A material is "accumulated speculatively" if it is accumulated before being recycled. A material is not accumulated speculatively, however, if the person accumulating it can show that the material is potentially recyclable and has a feasible means of being recycled; and that--during the calendar year (commencing on January 1)--the amount of material that is recycled, or transferred to a different site for recycling, equals at least seventy-five percent by weight or volume of the amount of that material accumulated at the beginning of the period. In calculating the percentage of turnover, the seventy-five percent requirement is to be applied to each material of the same type (e.g., slags from a single smelting process) that is recycled in the same way (i.e., from which the same material is recovered or that is used in the same way). Materials accumulating in units that would be exempt from regulation under WAC 173-303-071 (3)(n) are not to be included in making the calculation. (Materials that are already defined as solid wastes also are not to be included in making the calculation.) Materials are no longer in this category once they are removed from accumulation for recycling, however. TABLE 1 Use constituting disposal WAC 173-303- 016(5)(a) Energy recovery/ fuel WAC 173-303- 016 (5)(b) Reclamation WAC 173-303- 016 (5)(c) Speculative accumulation WAC 173-303- 016 (5)(d) Spent materials (*) (*) (*) (*) Commercial chemical products (*) (*) ---- ---- By-products listed in WAC 173-303-9904 (*) (*) (*) (*) Sludges listed in WAC 173-303- 9904 (*) (*) (*) (*) By-products exhibiting a characteristic1 or criteria2 (*) (*) ---- (*) Sludges exhibiting a characteristic1 or criteria2 (*) (*) ---- (*) Scrap metal other than excluded scrap metal (see WAC 173-303- 016 (2)(l)) (*) (*) (*) (*) Note: The terms "spent materials," "sludges," "by-products," "scrap metal" and "processed scrap metal" are defined in WAC 173-303-040. 1 The characteristics of dangerous waste are described in WAC 173-303-090. 2 The dangerous waste criteria are described in WAC 173-303-100. (6) Inherently waste-like materials. The following materials are solid wastes when they are recycled in any manner: (a) Dangerous Waste Nos. F020, F021 (unless used as an ingredient to make a product at the site of generation), F022, F023, F026, and F028. (b) Secondary materials fed to a halogen acid furnace that exhibit a characteristic of a dangerous waste or are listed as a dangerous waste as defined in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-080 through 173-303-082, except for brominated material that meets the following criteria: (i) The material must contain a bromine concentration of at least 45%; and (ii) The material must contain less than a total of 1% of toxic organic compounds listed in WAC 173-303-9905; and (iii) The material is processed continually on-site in the halogen acid furnace via direct conveyance (hard piping). (c) The department will use the following criteria to add wastes to (a) of this subsection: (i)(A) The materials are ordinarily disposed of, burned, or incinerated; or (B) The materials contain toxic constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905 and these constituents are not ordinarily found in raw materials or products for which the materials substitute (or are found in raw materials or products in smaller concentrations) and are not used or reused during the recycling process; and (ii) The material may pose a substantial hazard to human health or the environment when recycled. (7) Documentation of claims that materials are not solid wastes or are conditionally exempt from regulation. Respondents in actions to enforce regulations implementing chapter 70.105 RCW who raise a claim that a certain material is not a solid waste, or is conditionally exempt from regulation, must demonstrate that there is a known market or disposition for the material, and that they meet the terms of the exclusion or exemption. In doing so, they must provide appropriate documentation (such as contracts showing that a second person uses the material as an ingredient in a production process) to demonstrate that the material is not a waste, or is exempt from regulation. In addition, owners or operators of facilities claiming that they actually are recycling materials must show that they have the necessary equipment to do so. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-016, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-016, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-016, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-016, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-016, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-016, filed 6/27/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-017 Recycling processes involving solid waste. (1) The purpose of this section is to identify those materials that are and are not solid wastes when recycled. Certain materials, as described in subsection (2) of this section, would not typically be considered to involve waste management and are exempt from the requirements of this chapter. All recycling processes not exempted by subsection (2) of this section are subject to the recycling requirements of WAC 173-303-120. (2) General categories of materials that are not solid waste when recycled. (a) Except as provided in subsection (3) of this section, materials are not solid wastes when they can be shown to be recycled by being: (i) Used or reused as ingredients in an industrial process to make a product provided the materials are not being reclaimed; or (ii) Used or reused as effective substitutes for commercial products; or (iii) Returned to the original process from which they are generated, without first being reclaimed or land disposed. The material must be returned as a substitute for feedstock materials. In cases where the original process to which the material is returned is a secondary process, the materials must be managed such that there is no placement on the land. (b) Except as provided in subsection (3) of this section, the department has determined that the following materials when used as described are not solid wastes: (i) Pulping liquors (e.g., black liquor) that are reclaimed in a pulping liquor recovery furnace and then reused in the pulping process; (ii) Spent pickle liquor which is reused in wastewater treatment at a facility holding a national pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) permit, or which is being accumulated, stored, or treated before such reuse; (iii) Spent sulfuric acid used to produce virgin sulfuric acid. (3) The following materials are solid wastes, even if the recycling involves use, reuse, or return to the original process (as described in subsection (2)(a) of this section): (a) Materials used in a manner constituting disposal, or used to produce products that are applied to the land; or (b) Materials burned for energy recovery, used to produce a fuel, or contained in fuels; or (c) Materials accumulated speculatively as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(d)(ii); or (d) Materials listed in WAC 173-303-016(6); or (e) Any materials that the department determines are being accumulated, used, reused or handled in a manner that poses a threat to public health or the environment. (4) Documentation of claims that materials are not solid wastes or are conditionally exempt from regulation. Respondents in actions to enforce regulations implementing chapter 70.105 RCW who raise a claim that a certain material is not a solid waste, or is conditionally exempt from regulation, must demonstrate that there is a known market or disposition for the material, and that they meet the terms of the exclusion or exemption. In doing so, they must provide appropriate documentation (such as contracts showing that a second person uses the material as an ingredient in a production process) to demonstrate that the material is not a waste, or is exempt from regulation. In addition, owners or operators of facilities claiming that they actually are recycling materials must show that they have the necessary equipment to do so. (5) Variances from classification as a solid waste. (a) In accordance with the standards and criteria in (b) of this subsection and the procedures in subsection (7) of this section, the department may determine on a case-by-case basis that the following recycled materials are not solid wastes: (i) Materials that are accumulated speculatively without sufficient amounts being recycled (as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(d)(ii)); (ii) Materials that are reclaimed and then reused within the original production process in which they were generated; (iii) Materials that have been reclaimed but must be reclaimed further before the materials are completely recovered; (iv) State-only dangerous materials (not regulated as hazardous wastes (defined in WAC 173-303-040) by EPA) which serve as an effective substitute for a commercial product or raw material. (b) Standards and criteria for variances from classification as a solid waste. (i) The department may grant requests for a variance from classifying as a solid waste those materials that are accumulated speculatively without sufficient amounts being recycled if the applicant demonstrates that sufficient amounts of the material will be recycled or transferred for recycling in the following year. If a variance is granted, it is valid only for the following year, but can be renewed, on an annual basis, by filing a new application. The department's decision will be based on the following criteria: (A) The manner in which the material is expected to be recycled, when the material is expected to be recycled, and whether this expected disposition is likely to occur (for example, because of past practice, market factors, the nature of the material, or contractual arrangements for recycling); (B) The reason that the applicant has accumulated the material for one or more years without recycling seventy-five percent of the volume accumulated at the beginning of the year; (C) The quantity of material already accumulated and the quantity expected to be generated and accumulated before the material is recycled; (D) The extent to which the material is handled to minimize loss; (E) Other relevant factors. (ii) The department may grant requests for a variance from classifying as a solid waste those materials that are reclaimed and then reused as feedstock within the original production process in which the materials were generated if the reclamation operation is an essential part of the production process. This determination will be based on the following criteria: (A) How economically viable the production process would be if it were to use virgin materials, rather than reclaimed materials; (B) The prevalence of the practice on an industry-wide basis; (C) The extent to which the material is handled before reclamation to minimize loss; (D) The time periods between generating the material and its reclamation, and between reclamation and return to the original primary production process; (E) The location of the reclamation operation in relation to the production process; (F) Whether the reclaimed material is used for the purpose for which it was originally produced when it is returned to the original process, and whether it is returned to the process in substantially its original form; (G) Whether the person who generates the material also reclaims it; (H) Other relevant factors. (iii) The department may grant requests for a variance from classifying as a solid waste those materials that have been reclaimed but must be reclaimed further before recovery is completed if, after initial reclamation, the resulting material is commodity-like (even though it is not yet a commercial product, and has to be reclaimed further). This determination will be based on the following factors: (A) The degree of processing the material has undergone and the degree of further processing that is required; (B) The value of the material after it has been reclaimed; (C) The degree to which the reclaimed material is like an analogous raw material; (D) The extent to which an end market for the reclaimed material is guaranteed; (E) The extent to which the reclaimed material is handled to minimize loss; (F) Other relevant factors. (iv) The department may grant requests for a variance from classifying as a solid waste those materials that serve as an effective substitute for a commercial product or raw material, when such material is not regulated as hazardous waste (defined in WAC 173-303-040) by EPA, if the materials are recycled in a manner such that they more closely resemble products or raw materials rather than wastes. This determination will be based on the following factors: (A) The effectiveness of the material for the claimed use; (B) The degree to which the material is like an analogous raw material or product; (C) The extent to which the material is handled to minimize loss or escape to the environment; (D) The extent to which an end market for the reclaimed material is guaranteed; (E) The time period between generating the material and its recycling; (F) Other factors as appropriate. (6) Variance to be classified as a boiler. In accordance with the standards and criteria in WAC 173-303-040 (definition of "boiler"), and the procedures in subsection (7) of this section, the department may determine on a case-by-case basis that certain enclosed devices using controlled flame combustion are boilers, even though they do not otherwise meet the definition of boiler contained in WAC 173-303-040, after considering the following criteria: (a) The extent to which the unit has provisions for recovering and exporting thermal energy in the form of steam, heated fluids, or heated gases; and (b) The extent to which the combustion chamber and energy recovery equipment are of integral design; and (c) The efficiency of energy recovery, calculated in terms of the recovered energy compared with the thermal value of the fuel; and (d) The extent to which exported energy is utilized; and (e) The extent to which the device is in common and customary use as a "boiler" functioning primarily to produce steam, heated fluids, or heated gases; and (f) Other factors, as appropriate. (7) Procedures for variances from classification as a solid waste or to be classified as a boiler. The department will use the following procedures in evaluating applications for variances from classification as a solid waste or applications to classify particular enclosed controlled flame combustion devices as boilers: (a) The applicant must apply to the department for the variance. The application must address the relevant criteria contained in subsections (5)(b) or (6) of this section. (b) The department will evaluate the application and issue a draft public notice tentatively granting or denying the application. Notification of this tentative decision will be provided by newspaper advertisement and radio broadcast in the locality where the recycler is located. The department will accept comment on the tentative decision for thirty days, and may also hold a public hearing upon request or at its discretion. The department will issue a final decision after receipt of comments and after the hearing (if any). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-017, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-017, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-017, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-017, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-017, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-017, filed 6/27/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-020 Applicability. Except as expressly provided elsewhere herein, this chapter 173-303 WAC applies to all persons who handle dangerous wastes and solid wastes that may designate as dangerous wastes including, but not limited to: (1) Generators; (2) Transporters; (3) Owners and operators of dangerous waste recycling, transfer, storage, treatment, and disposal facilities; and (4) The operator of the state's extremely hazardous waste management facility. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-020, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-020, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-020, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-020, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-020.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-030 Abbreviations. The following abbreviations are used in this regulation. ASTM - American Society for Testing Materials APHA - American Public Health Association CDC - Center for Disease Control CFR - Code of Federal Regulations DOT - Department of Transportation °C - degrees Celsius DW - dangerous waste DWS - drinking water standards of the Safe Drinking Water Act EHW - extremely hazardous waste EP - extraction procedure EPA - Environmental Protection Agency °F - degrees Fahrenheit g - gram IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer IFC - International Fire Code kg - kilogram (one thousand grams) L - liter lb - pound LC50 - median lethal concentration LD50 - median lethal dose M - molar (gram molecular weights per liter of solution) mg - milligram (one thousandth of a gram) NFPA - National Fire Protection Association NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health pH - negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration POTW - publicly owned treatment works ppm - parts per million (weight/weight) RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCW - Revised Code of Washington TSD facility - treatment, storage, or disposal facility UBC - Uniform Building Code UFC - Uniform Fire Code USCG - United States Coast Guard USGS - United States Geological Survey WAC - Washington Administrative Code % - percent # - number [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-030, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-030, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-030, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-030, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-030.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-040 Definitions. When used in this chapter, the following terms have the meanings given below. "Aboveground tank" means a device meeting the definition of "tank" in this section and that is situated in such a way that the entire surface area of the tank is completely above the plane of the adjacent surrounding surface and the entire surface area of the tank (including the tank bottom) is able to be visually inspected. "Active life" of a facility means the period from the initial receipt of dangerous waste at the facility until the department receives certification of final closure. "Active portion" means that portion of a facility which is not a closed portion, and where dangerous waste recycling, reuse, reclamation, transfer, treatment, storage or disposal operations are being or have been conducted after: The effective date of the waste's designation by 40 CFR Part 261; and March 10, 1982, for wastes designated only by this chapter and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261. (See also "closed portion" and "inactive portion.") "Active range" means a military range that is currently in service and is being regularly used for range activities. "Acute hazardous waste" means dangerous waste sources (listed in WAC 173-303-9904) F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027, and discarded chemical products (listed in WAC 173-303-9903) that are identified with a dangerous waste number beginning with a "P", including those wastes mixed with source, special nuclear, or by-product material subject to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. The abbreviation "AHW" will be used in this chapter to refer to those dangerous and mixed wastes which are acute hazardous wastes. Note - the terms acute and acutely are used interchangeably. "Ancillary equipment" means any device including, but not limited to, such devices as piping, fittings, flanges, valves, and pumps, that is used to distribute, meter, or control the flow of dangerous waste from its point of generation to a storage or treatment tank(s), between dangerous waste storage and treatment tanks to a point of disposal on-site, or to a point of shipment for disposal off-site. "Aquifer" means a geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation capable of yielding a significant amount of ground water to wells or springs. "Batch" means any waste which is generated less frequently than once a month. "Battery" means a device consisting of one or more electrically connected electrochemical cells which is designed to receive, store, and deliver electric energy. An electrochemical cell is a system consisting of an anode, cathode, and an electrolyte, plus such connections (electrical and mechanical) as may be needed to allow the cell to deliver or receive electrical energy. The term battery also includes an intact, unbroken battery from which the electrolyte has been removed. "Berm" means the shoulder of a dike. "Boiler" means an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion and having the following characteristics: The unit must have physical provisions for recovering and exporting thermal energy in the form of steam, heated fluids, or heated gases; and The unit's combustion chamber and primary energy recovery section(s) must be of integral design. To be of integral design, the combustion chamber and the primary energy recovery section(s) (such as waterwalls and superheaters) must be physically formed into one manufactured or assembled unit. A unit in which the combustion chamber and the primary energy recovery section(s) are joined only by ducts or connections carrying flue gas is not integrally designed; however, secondary energy recovery equipment (such as economizers or air preheaters) need not be physically formed into the same unit as the combustion chamber and the primary energy recovery section. The following units are not precluded from being boilers solely because they are not of integral design: Process heaters (units that transfer energy directly to a process stream), and fluidized bed combustion units; and While in operation, the unit must maintain a thermal energy recovery efficiency of at least sixty percent, calculated in terms of the recovered energy compared with the thermal value of the fuel; and The unit must export and utilize at least seventy-five percent of the recovered energy, calculated on an annual basis. In this calculation, no credit will be given for recovered heat used internally in the same unit. (Examples of internal use are the preheating of fuel or combustion air, and the driving of induced or forced draft fans or feedwater pumps); or The unit is one which the department has determined, on a case-by-case basis, to be a boiler, after considering the standards in WAC 173-303-017(6). "By-product" means a material that is not one of the primary products of a production process and is not solely or separately produced by the production process. Examples are process residues such as slags or distillation column bottoms. The term does not include a co-product that is produced for the general public's use and is ordinarily used in the form it is produced by the process. "Carbon regeneration unit" means any enclosed thermal treatment device used to regenerate spent activated carbon. "Carcinogenic" means a material known to contain a substance which has sufficient or limited evidence as a human or animal carcinogen as listed in both IARC and either IRIS or HEAST. "Chemical agents and chemical munitions" are defined as in 50 U.S.C. section 1521 (j)(1). "Cleanup-only facility" means a site, including any contiguous property owned or under the control of the owner or operator of the site, where the owner or operator is or will be treating, storing, or disposing of remediation waste, including dangerous remediation waste, and is not, has not and will not be treating, storing or disposing of dangerous waste that is not remediation waste. A cleanup-only facility is not a "facility" for purposes of corrective action under WAC 173-303-646. "Closed portion" means that portion of a facility which an owner or operator has closed, in accordance with the approved facility closure plan and all applicable closure requirements. "Closure" means the requirements placed upon all TSD facilities to ensure that all such facilities are closed in an acceptable manner (see also "post-closure"). "Commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate" refers to a chemical substance which is manufactured or formulated for commercial or manufacturing use which consists of the commercially pure grade of the chemical, any technical grades of the chemical that are produced or marketed, and all formulations in which the chemical is the sole active ingredient. "Commercial fertilizer" means any substance containing one or more recognized plant nutrients and which is used for its plant nutrient content and/or which is designated for use or claimed to have value in promoting plant growth, and includes, but is not limited to, limes, gypsum, and manipulated animal manures and vegetable compost. The commercial fertilizer must be registered with the state or local agency regulating the fertilizer in the locale in which the fertilizer is being sold or applied. "Compliance procedure" means any proceedings instituted pursuant to the Hazardous Waste Management Act as amended in 1980 and 1983, and chapter 70.105A RCW, or regulations issued under authority of state law, which seeks to require compliance, or which is in the nature of an enforcement action or an action to cure a violation. A compliance procedure includes a notice of intention to terminate a permit pursuant to WAC 173-303-830(5), or an application in the state superior court for appropriate relief under the Hazardous Waste Management Act. A compliance procedure is considered to be pending from the time a notice of violation or of intent to terminate a permit is issued or judicial proceedings are begun, until the department notifies the owner or operator in writing that the violation has been corrected or that the procedure has been withdrawn or discontinued. "Component" means either the tank or ancillary equipment of a tank system. "Constituent" or "dangerous waste constituent" means a chemically distinct component of a dangerous waste stream or mixture. "Container" means any portable device in which a material is stored, transported, treated, disposed of, or otherwise handled. "Containment building" means a hazardous waste management unit that is used to store or treat hazardous waste under the provisions of WAC 173-303-695. "Contingency plan" means a document setting out an organized, planned, and coordinated course of action to be followed in case of a fire, explosion, or release of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents which could threaten human health or environment. "Contract" means the written agreement signed by the department and the state operator. "Corrosion expert" means a person who, by reason of his knowledge of the physical sciences and the principles of engineering and mathematics, acquired by a professional education and related practical experience, is qualified to engage in the practice of corrosion control on buried or submerged metal piping systems and metal tanks. Such a person must be certified as being qualified by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) or be a registered professional engineer who has certification or licensing that includes education and experience in corrosion control on buried or submerged metal piping systems and metal tanks. "Dangerous waste constituents" means those constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905 and any other constituents that have caused a waste to be a dangerous waste under this chapter. "Dangerous waste management unit" is a contiguous area of land on or in which dangerous waste is placed, or the largest area in which there is a significant likelihood of mixing dangerous waste constituents in the same area. Examples of dangerous waste management units include a surface impoundment, a waste pile, a land treatment area, a landfill cell, an incinerator, a tank and its associated piping and underlying containment system and a container storage area. A container alone does not constitute a unit; the unit includes containers and the land or pad upon which they are placed. "Dangerous wastes" means those solid wastes designated in WAC 173-303-070 through 173-303-100 as dangerous, or extremely hazardous or mixed waste. As used in this chapter, the words "dangerous waste" will refer to the full universe of wastes regulated by this chapter. The abbreviation "DW" will refer only to that part of the regulated universe which is not extremely hazardous waste. (See also "extremely hazardous waste," "hazardous waste," and "mixed waste" definitions.) "Debris" means solid material exceeding a 60 mm particle size that is intended for disposal and that is: A manufactured object; or plant or animal matter; or natural geologic material. However, the following materials are not debris: Any material for which a specific treatment standard is provided in 40 CFR Part 268 Subpart D (incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a)); process residuals such as smelter slag and residues from the treatment of waste, wastewater, sludges, or air emission residues; and intact containers of hazardous waste that are not ruptured and that retain at least seventy-five percent of their original volume. A mixture of debris that has not been treated to the standards provided by 40 CFR 268.45 and other material is subject to regulation as debris if the mixture is comprised primarily of debris, by volume, based on visual inspection. "Department" means the department of ecology. "Dermal LD50" means the single dosage in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) body weight which, when dermally (skin) applied for 24 hours, within 14 days kills half of a group of ten rabbits each weighing between 2.0 and 3.0 kilograms. "Designated facility" means a dangerous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facility that has received a permit (or interim status) in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, has received a permit (or interim status) from another state authorized in accordance with 40 CFR Part 271, has received a permit (or interim status) from EPA in accordance with 40 CFR Part 270, has a permit by rule under WAC 173-303-802(5), or is regulated under WAC 173-303-120 (4)(c) or 173-303-525 when the dangerous waste is to be recycled, and that has been designated on the manifest pursuant to WAC 173-303-180(1). If a waste is destined to a facility in an authorized state that has not yet obtained authorization to regulate that particular waste as dangerous, then the designated facility must be a facility allowed by the receiving state to accept such waste. The following are designated facilities only for receipt of state-only waste; they cannot receive federal hazardous waste from off-site: Facilities operating under WAC 173-303-500 (2)(c). "Designation" is the process of determining whether a waste is regulated under the dangerous waste lists, WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-082; or characteristics, WAC 173-303-090; or criteria, WAC 173-303-100. The procedures for designating wastes are in WAC 173-303-070. A waste that has been designated as a dangerous waste may be either DW or EHW. "Destination facility" means a facility that treats, disposes of, or recycles a particular category of universal waste, except those management activities described in WAC 173-303-573 (9)(a), (b) and (c) and 173-303-573 (20)(a), (b) and (c). A facility at which a particular category of universal waste is only accumulated, is not a destination facility for purposes of managing that category of universal waste. "Dike" means an embankment or ridge of natural or man-made materials used to prevent the movement of liquids, sludges, solids, or other substances. "Dioxins and furans (D/F)" means tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, and octa-chlorinated dibenzo dioxins and furans. "Director" means the director of the department of ecology or his designee. "Discharge" or "dangerous waste discharge" means the accidental or intentional release of hazardous substances, dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents such that the substance, waste or a waste constituent may enter or be emitted into the environment. "Disposal" means the discharging, discarding, or abandoning of dangerous wastes or the treatment, decontamination, or recycling of such wastes once they have been discarded or abandoned. This includes the discharge of any dangerous wastes into or on any land, air, or water. "Domestic sewage" means untreated sanitary wastes that pass through a sewer system to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) for treatment. "Draft permit" means a document prepared under WAC 173-303-840 indicating the department's tentative decision to issue or deny, modify, revoke and reissue, or terminate a permit. A notice of intent to terminate or deny a permit are types of draft permits. A denial of a request for modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination as discussed in WAC 173-303-830 is not a draft permit. "Drip pad" is an engineered structure consisting of a curbed, free-draining base, constructed of nonearthen materials and designed to convey preservative kick-back or drippage from treated wood, precipitation, and surface water run-on to an associated collection system at wood preserving plants. "Elementary neutralization unit" means a device which: Is used for neutralizing wastes which are dangerous wastes only because they exhibit the corrosivity characteristics defined in WAC 173-303-090 or are listed in WAC 173-303-081, or in 173-303-082 only for this reason; and Meets the definition of tank, tank system, container, transport vehicle, or vessel. "Enforceable document" means an order, consent decree, plan or other document that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 271.16(e) and is issued by the director to apply alternative requirements for closure, post-closure, ground water monitoring, corrective action or financial assurance under WAC 173-303-610 (1)(d), 173-303-645 (1)(e), or 173-303-620 (8)(d) or, as incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400, 40 CFR 265.90(f), 265.110(d), or 265.140(d). Enforceable documents include, but are not limited to, closure plans and post-closure plans, permits issued under chapter 70.105 RCW, orders issued under chapter 70.105 RCW and orders and consent decrees issued under chapter 70.105D RCW. "Environment" means any air, land, water, or ground water. "EPA/state identification number" or "EPA/state ID#" means the number assigned by EPA or by the department of ecology to each generator, transporter, and TSD facility. "Existing tank system" or "existing component" means a tank system or component that is used for the storage or treatment of dangerous waste and that is in operation, or for which installation has commenced on or prior to February 3, 1989. Installation will be considered to have commenced if the owner or operator has obtained all federal, state, and local approvals or permits necessary to begin physical construction of the site or installation of the tank system and if either: A continuous on-site physical construction or installation program has begun; or The owner or operator has entered into contractual obligations, which cannot be canceled or modified without substantial loss, for physical construction of the site or installation of the tank system to be completed within a reasonable time. "Excluded scrap metal" is processed scrap metal, unprocessed home scrap metal, and unprocessed prompt scrap metal. "Existing TSD facility" means a facility which was in operation or for which construction commenced on or before November 19, 1980, for wastes designated by 40 CFR Part 261, or August 9, 1982, for wastes designated only by this chapter and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261. A facility has commenced construction if the owner or operator has obtained permits and approvals necessary under federal, state, and local statutes, regulations, and ordinances and either: A continuous on-site, physical construction program has begun; or The owner or operator has entered into contractual obligation, which cannot be cancelled or modified without substantial loss, for physical construction of the facility to be completed within a reasonable time. "Explosives or munitions emergency" means a situation involving the suspected or detected presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO), damaged or deteriorated explosives or munitions, an improvised explosive device (IED), other potentially explosive material or device, or other potentially harmful military chemical munitions or device, that creates an actual or potential imminent threat to human health, including safety, or the environment, including property, as determined by an explosives or munitions emergency response specialist. Such situations may require immediate and expeditious action by an explosives or munitions emergency response specialist to control, mitigate, or eliminate the threat. "Explosives or munitions emergency response" means all immediate response activities by an explosives and munitions emergency response specialist to control, mitigate, or eliminate the actual or potential threat encountered during an explosives or munitions emergency. An explosives or munitions emergency response may include in-place render-safe procedures, treatment or destruction of the explosives or munitions and/or transporting those items to another location to be rendered safe, treated, or destroyed. Any reasonable delay in the completion of an explosives or munitions emergency response caused by a necessary, unforeseen, or uncontrollable circumstance will not terminate the explosives or munitions emergency. Explosives and munitions emergency responses can occur on either public or private lands and are not limited to responses at RCRA facilities. "Explosives or munitions emergency response specialist" means an individual trained in chemical or conventional munitions or explosives handling, transportation, render-safe procedures, or destruction techniques. Explosives or munitions emergency response specialists include Department of Defense (DOD) emergency explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), technical escort unit (TEU), and DOD-certified civilian or contractor personnel; and other federal, state, or local government, or civilian personnel similarly trained in explosives or munitions emergency responses. "Extremely hazardous waste" means those dangerous and mixed wastes designated in WAC 173-303-100 as extremely hazardous. The abbreviation "EHW" will be used in this chapter to refer to those dangerous and mixed wastes which are extremely hazardous. (See also "dangerous waste" and "hazardous waste" definitions.) "Facility" means: ? All contiguous land, and structures, other appurtenances, and improvements on the land used for recycling, reusing, reclaiming, transferring, storing, treating, or disposing of dangerous waste. A facility may consist of several treatment, storage, or disposal operational units (for example, one or more landfills, surface impoundments, or combination of them). Unless otherwise specified in this chapter, the terms "facility," "treatment, storage, disposal facility," "TSD facility," "dangerous waste facility" or "waste management facility" are used interchangeably. ? For purposes of implementing corrective action under WAC 173-303-64620 or 173-303-64630, "facility" also means all contiguous property under the control of an owner or operator seeking a permit under chapter 70.105 RCW or chapter 173-303 WAC and includes the definition of facility at RCW 70.105D.020(4). "Facility mailing list" means the mailing list for a facility maintained by the department in accordance with WAC 173-303-840 (3)(e)(I)(D). "Final closure" means the closure of all dangerous waste management units at the facility in accordance with all applicable closure requirements so that dangerous waste management activities under WAC 173-303-400 and 173-303-600 through 173-303-670 are no longer conducted at the facility. Areas only subject to generator standards WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230 need not be included in final closure. "Fish LC50" means the concentration that will kill fifty percent of the exposed fish in a specified time period. For book designation, LC50 data must be derived from an exposure period greater than or equal to twenty-four hours. A hierarchy of species LC50 data should be used that includes (in decreasing order of preference) salmonids, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), and other fish species. For the ninety-six-hour static acute fish toxicity test, described in WAC 173-303-110 (3)(b)(i), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), or brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) must be used. "Food chain crops" means tobacco, crops grown for human consumption, and crops grown to feed animals whose products are consumed by humans. "Freeboard" means the vertical distance between the top of a tank or surface impoundment dike, and the surface of the waste contained therein. "Fugitive emissions" means the emission of contaminants from sources other than the control system exit point. Material handling, storage piles, doors, windows and vents are typical sources of fugitive emissions. "Generator" means any person, by site, whose act or process produces dangerous waste or whose act first causes a dangerous waste to become subject to regulation. "Genetic properties" means those properties which cause or significantly contribute to mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic effects in man or wildlife. "Ground water" means water which fills voids below the land surface and in the earth's crust. "Halogenated organic compounds" (HOC) means any organic compounds which, as part of their composition, include one or more atoms of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine which is/are bonded directly to a carbon atom. This definition does not apply to the federal land disposal restrictions of 40 CFR Part 268 which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a). Note: Additional information on HOCs may be found in Chemical Testing Methods for Designating Dangerous Waste, Ecology Publication #97-407. "Hazardous debris" means debris that contains a hazardous waste listed in WAC 173-303-9903 or 173-303-9904, or that exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090. "Hazardous substances" means any liquid, solid, gas, or sludge, including any material, substance, product, commodity, or waste, regardless of quantity, that exhibits any of the physical, chemical or biological properties described in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. "Hazardous wastes" means those solid wastes designated by 40 CFR Part 261, and regulated as hazardous and/or mixed waste by the United States EPA. This term will never be abbreviated in this chapter to avoid confusion with the abbreviations "DW" and "EHW." (See also "dangerous waste" and "extremely hazardous waste" definitions.) "Home scrap metal" is scrap metal as generated by steel mills, foundries, and refineries such as turnings, cuttings, punchings, and borings. "Ignitable waste" means a dangerous waste that exhibits the characteristic of ignitability described in WAC 173-303-090(5). "Inactive portion" means that portion of a facility which has not recycled, treated, stored, or disposed dangerous waste after: The effective date of the waste's designation, for wastes designated under 40 CFR Part 261; and March 10, 1982, for wastes designated only by this chapter and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261. "Inactive range" means a military range that is not currently being used, but that is still under military control and considered by the military to be a potential range area, and that has not been put to a new use that is incompatible with range activities. "Incinerator" means any enclosed device that: Uses controlled flame combustion and neither meets the criteria for classification as a boiler, sludge dryer, or carbon regeneration unit, nor is listed as an industrial furnace; or Meets the definition of infrared incinerator or plasma arc incinerator. "Incompatible waste" means a dangerous waste which is unsuitable for placement in a particular device or facility because it may corrode or decay the containment materials, or is unsuitable for mixing with another waste or material because the mixture might produce heat or pressure, fire or explosion, violent reaction, toxic dusts, fumes, mists, or gases, or flammable fumes or gases. "Independent qualified registered professional engineer" means a person who is licensed by the state of Washington, or a state which has reciprocity with the state of Washington as defined in RCW 18.43.100, and who is not an employee of the owner or operator of the facility for which construction or modification certification is required. A qualified professional engineer is an engineer with expertise in the specific area for which a certification is given. "Industrial-furnace" means any of the following enclosed devices that are integral components of manufacturing processes and that use thermal treatment to accomplish recovery of materials or energy: Cement kilns; lime kilns; aggregate kilns; phosphate kilns; blast furnaces; smelting, melting, and refining furnaces (including pyrometallurgical devices such as cupolas, reverberator furnaces, sintering machines, roasters and foundry furnaces); titanium dioxide chloride process oxidation reactors; coke ovens; methane reforming furnaces; combustion devices used in the recovery of sulfur values from spent sulfuric acid; pulping liquor recovery furnaces; combustion devices used in the recovery of sulfur values from spent sulfuric acid; and halogen acid furnaces (HAFs) for the production of acid from halogenated dangerous waste generated by chemical production facilities where the furnace is located on the site of a chemical production facility, the acid product has a halogen acid content of at least 3%, the acid product is used in a manufacturing process, and, except for dangerous waste burned as fuel, dangerous waste fed to the furnace has a minimum halogen content of 20% as-generated. The department may decide to add devices to this list on the basis of one or more of the following factors: The device is designed and used primarily to accomplish recovery of material products; The device burns or reduces secondary materials as ingredients in an industrial process to make a material product; The device burns or reduces secondary materials as effective substitutes for raw materials in processes using raw materials as principal feedstocks; The device burns or reduces raw materials to make a material product; The device is in common industrial use to produce a material product; and Other factors, as appropriate. "Infrared incinerator" means any enclosed device that uses electric powered resistance heaters as a source of radiant heat followed by an afterburner using controlled flame combustion and which is not listed as an industrial furnace. "Inground tank" means a device meeting the definition of "tank" in this section whereby a portion of the tank wall is situated to any degree within the ground, thereby preventing visual inspection of that external surface area of the tank that is in the ground. "Inner liner" means a continuous layer of material placed inside a tank or container which protects the construction materials of the tank or container from the waste or reagents used to treat the waste. "Installation inspector" means a person who, by reason of his knowledge of the physical sciences and the principles of engineering, acquired by a professional education and related practical experience, is qualified to supervise the installation of tank systems. "Interim status permit" means a temporary permit given to TSD facilities which qualify under WAC 173-303-805. "Knowledge" means sufficient information about a waste to reliably substitute for direct testing of the waste. To be sufficient and reliable, the "knowledge" used must provide information necessary to manage the waste in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. Note: "Knowledge" may be used by itself or in combination with testing to designate a waste pursuant to WAC 173-303-070 (3)(c), or to obtain a detailed chemical, physical, and/or biological analysis of a waste as required in WAC 173-303-300(2). "Lamp," also referred to as "universal waste lamp" means any type of high or low pressure bulb or tube portion of an electric lighting device that generates light through the discharge of electricity either directly or indirectly as radiant energy. Universal waste lamps include, but are not limited to, fluorescent, mercury vapor, metal halide, high-pressure sodium and neon. As a reference, it may be assumed that four, four-foot, one-inch diameter unbroken fluorescent tubes are equal to 2.2 pounds in weight. "Land disposal" means placement in or on the land, except in a corrective action management unit or staging pile, and includes, but is not limited to, placement in a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land treatment facility, salt dome formation, salt bed formation, underground mine or cave, or placement in a concrete vault, or bunker intended for disposal purposes. "Landfill" means a disposal facility, or part of a facility, where dangerous waste is placed in or on land and which is not a pile, a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, or an underground injection well, a salt dome formation, a salt bed formation, an underground mine, a cave, or a corrective action management unit. "Land treatment" means the practice of applying dangerous waste onto or incorporating dangerous waste into the soil surface so that it will degrade or decompose. If the waste will remain after the facility is closed, this practice is disposal. "Large quantity handler of universal waste" means a universal waste handler (as defined in this section) who accumulates 11,000 pounds or more total of universal waste (batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, and lamps calculated collectively) and/or who accumulates more than 2,200 pounds of lamps at any time. This designation as a large quantity handler of universal waste is retained through the end of the calendar year in which 11,000 pounds or more total of universal waste and/or 2,200 pounds of lamps is accumulated. "Leachable inorganic waste" means solid dangerous waste (i.e., passes paint filter test) that is not an organic/carbonaceous waste and exhibits the toxicity characteristic (dangerous waste numbers D004 to D011, only) under WAC 173-303-090(8). "Leachate" means any liquid, including any components suspended in the liquid, that has percolated through or drained from dangerous waste. "Leak-detection system" means a system capable of detecting the failure of either the primary or secondary containment structure or the presence of a release of dangerous waste or accumulated liquid in the secondary containment structure. Such a system must employ operational controls (e.g., daily visual inspections for releases into the secondary containment system of aboveground tanks) or consist of an interstitial monitoring device designed to detect continuously and automatically the failure of the primary or secondary containment structure or the presence of a release of dangerous waste into the secondary containment structure. "Legal defense costs" means any expenses that an insurer incurs in defending against claims of third parties brought under the terms and conditions of an insurance policy. "Liner" means a continuous layer of man-made or natural materials which restrict the escape of dangerous waste, dangerous waste constituents, or leachate through the sides, bottom, or berms of a surface impoundment, waste pile, or landfill. "Major facility" means a facility or activity classified by the department as major. "Manifest" means the shipping document, prepared in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-180, which is used to identify the quantity, composition, origin, routing, and destination of a dangerous waste while it is being transported to a point of transfer, disposal, treatment, or storage. "Manufacturing process unit" means a unit which is an integral and inseparable portion of a manufacturing operation, processing a raw material into a manufacturing intermediate or finished product, reclaiming spent materials or reconditioning components. "Marine terminal operator" means a person engaged in the business of furnishing wharfage, dock, pier, warehouse, covered and/or open storage spaces, cranes, forklifts, bulk loading and/or unloading structures and landings in connection with a highway or rail carrier and a water carrier. A marine terminal operator includes, but is not limited to, terminals owned by states and their political subdivisions; railroads who perform port terminal services not covered by their line haul rates; common carriers who perform port terminal services; and warehousemen and stevedores who operate port terminal facilities. "Mercury-containing equipment" means a device or part of a device (excluding batteries, thermostats, and lamps) that contains elemental mercury necessary for its operation. Examples of mercury-containing equipment include thermometers, manometers, and electrical switches. "Micronutrient fertilizer" means a produced or imported commercial fertilizer that contains commercially valuable concentrations of micronutrients but does not contain commercially valuable concentrations of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, available phosphorous, potash, calcium, magnesium, or sulfur. Micronutrients are boron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, and zinc. "Military" means the Department of Defense (DOD), the Armed Services, Coast Guard, National Guard, Department of Energy (DOE), or other parties under contract or acting as an agent for the foregoing, who handle military munitions. "Military munitions" means all ammunition products and components produced or used by or for the U.S. Department of Defense or the U.S. Armed Services for national defense and security, including military munitions under the control of the Department of Defense, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and National Guard personnel. The term military munitions includes: Confined gaseous, liquid, and solid propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics, chemical and riot control agents, smokes, and incendiaries used by DOD components, including bulk explosives and chemical warfare agents, chemical munitions, rockets, guided and ballistic missiles, bombs, warheads, mortar rounds, artillery ammunition, small arms ammunition, grenades, mines, torpedoes, depth charges, cluster munitions and dispensers, demolition charges, and devices and components thereof. Military munitions do not include wholly inert items, improvised explosive devices, and nuclear weapons, nuclear devices, and nuclear components thereof. However, the term does include nonnuclear components of nuclear devices, managed under DOE's nuclear weapons program after all required sanitization operations under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, have been completed. "Military range" means designated land and water areas set aside, managed, and used to conduct research on, develop, test, and evaluate military munitions and explosives, other ordnance, or weapon systems, or to train military personnel in their use and handling. Ranges include firing lines and positions, maneuver areas, firing lanes, test pads, detonation pads, impact areas, and buffer zones with restricted access and exclusionary areas. "Miscellaneous unit" means a dangerous waste management unit where dangerous waste is treated, stored, or disposed of and that is not a container, tank, surface impoundment, pile, land treatment unit, landfill, incinerator, boiler, industrial furnace, underground injection well with appropriate technical standards under 40 CFR Part 146, containment building, corrective action management unit, temporary unit, staging pile, or unit eligible for a research, development, and demonstration permit under WAC 173-303-809. "Mixed waste" means a dangerous, extremely hazardous, or acutely hazardous waste that contains both a nonradioactive hazardous component and, as defined by 10 CFR 20.1003, source, special nuclear, or by-product material subject to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.). "New tank system" or "new tank component" means a tank system or component that will be used for the storage or treatment of dangerous waste and for which installation has commenced after February 3, 1989; except, however, for purposes of WAC 173-303-640 (4)(g)(ii) and 40 CFR 265.193 (g)(2) as adopted by reference in WAC 173-303-400(3), a new tank system is one for which construction commences after February 3, 1989. (See also "existing tank system.") "New TSD facility" means a facility which began operation or for which construction commenced after November 19, 1980, for wastes designated by 40 CFR Part 261, or August 9, 1982, for wastes designated only by this chapter and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261. "NIOSH registry" means the registry of toxic effects of chemical substances which is published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. "Nonsudden accident" or "nonsudden accidental occurrence" means an unforeseen and unexpected occurrence which takes place over time and involves continuous or repeated exposure. "Occurrence" means an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to conditions, which results in bodily injury or property damage which the owner or operator neither expected nor intended to occur. "Off-specification used oil fuel" means used oil fuel that exceeds any specification level described in Table 1 in WAC 173-303-515. "Onground tank" means a device meeting the definition of "tank" in this section and that is situated in such a way that the bottom of the tank is on the same level as the adjacent surrounding surface so that the external tank bottom cannot be visually inspected. "On-site" means the same or geographically contiguous property which may be divided by public or private right of way, provided that the entrance and exit between the properties is at a cross-roads intersection, and access is by crossing as opposed to going along the right of way. Noncontiguous properties owned by the same person but connected by a right of way which they control and to which the public does not have access, are also considered on-site property. "Operator" means the person responsible for the overall operation of a facility. (See also "state operator.") "Oral LD50" means the single dosage in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) body weight, when orally administered, which, within 14 days, kills half a group of ten or more white rats each weighing between 200 and 300 grams. "Organic/carbonaceous waste" means a dangerous waste that contains combined concentrations of greater than ten percent organic/carbonaceous constituents in the waste; organic/carbonaceous constituents are those substances that contain carbon-hydrogen, carbon-halogen, or carbon-carbon chemical bonding. "Partial closure" means the closure of a dangerous waste management unit in accordance with the applicable closure requirements of WAC 173-303-400 and 173-303-600 through 173-303-695 at a facility that contains other active dangerous waste management units. For example, partial closure may include the closure of a tank (including its associated piping and underlying containment systems), landfill cell, surface impoundment, waste pile, or other dangerous waste management unit, while other units of the same facility continue to operate. "Permit" means an authorization which allows a person to perform dangerous waste transfer, storage, treatment, or disposal operations, and which typically will include specific conditions for such facility operations. Permits must be issued by one of the following: The department, pursuant to this chapter; United States EPA, pursuant to 40 CFR Part 270; or Another state authorized by EPA, pursuant to 40 CFR Part 271. "Permit-by-rule" means a provision of this chapter stating that a facility or activity is deemed to have a dangerous waste permit if it meets the requirements of the provision. "Persistence" means the quality of a material that retains more than half of its initial activity after one year (365 days) in either a dark anaerobic or dark aerobic environment at ambient conditions. Persistent compounds are either halogenated organic compounds (HOC) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as defined in this section. "Person" means any person, firm, association, county, public or municipal or private corporation, agency, or other entity whatsoever. "Pesticide" means but is not limited to: Any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, control, repel, or mitigate any insect, rodent, nematode, mollusk, fungus, weed, and any other form of plant or animal life, or virus (except virus on or in living man or other animal) which is normally considered to be a pest or which the department of agriculture may declare to be a pest; any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant; any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used as spray adjuvant; and, any other substance intended for such use as may be named by the department of agriculture by regulation. Herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and rodenticides are pesticides for the purposes of this chapter. "Pile" means any noncontainerized accumulation of solid, nonflowing dangerous waste that is used for treatment or storage. "Plasma arc incinerator" means any enclosed device using a high intensity electrical discharge or arc as a source of heat followed by an afterburner using controlled flame combustion and which is not listed as an industrial furnace. "Point source" means any confined and discrete conveyance from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term includes, but is not limited to, pipes, ditches, channels, tunnels, wells, cracks, containers, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operations, or watercraft, but does not include return flows from irrigated agriculture. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons" (PAH) means those hydrocarbon molecules composed of two or more fused benzene rings. For purposes of this chapter, the PAHs of concern for designation are: Acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, dibenzo [(a,e), (a,h), (a,i), and (a,1)] pyrenes, and dibenzo(a,j) acridine. "Post-closure" means the requirements placed upon disposal facilities (e.g., landfills, impoundments closed as disposal facilities, etc.) after closure to ensure their environmental safety for a number of years after closure. (See also "closure.") "Processed scrap metal" is scrap metal that has been manually or physically altered to either separate it into distinct materials to enhance economic value or to improve the handling of materials. Processed scrap metal includes, but is not limited to, scrap metal which has been baled, shredded, sheared, chopped, crushed, flattened, cut, melted, or separated by metal type (that is, sorted), and fines, drosses and related materials that have been agglomerated. Note: Shredded circuit boards being sent for recycling are not considered processed scrap metal. They are covered under the exclusion from the definition of solid waste for shredded circuit boards being recycled (WAC 173-303-071 (3)(gg)). "Prompt scrap metal" is scrap metal as generated by the metal working/fabrication industries and includes such scrap metal as turnings, cuttings, punchings, and borings. Prompt scrap is also known as industrial or new scrap metal. "Publicly owned treatment works" or "POTW" means any device or system, owned by the state or a municipality, which is used in the treatment, recycling, or reclamation of municipal sewage or liquid industrial wastes. This term includes sewers, pipes, or other conveyances only if they convey wastewater to a POTW. "Qualified ground water scientist" means a scientist or engineer who has received a baccalaureate or post-graduate degree in the natural sciences or engineering, and has sufficient training and experience in ground water hydrology and related fields to make sound professional judgments regarding ground water monitoring and contaminant fate and transport. Sufficient training and experience may be demonstrated by state registration, professional certifications, or completion of accredited university courses. "Reactive waste" means a dangerous waste that exhibits the characteristic of reactivity described in WAC 173-303-090(7). "Reclaim" means to process a material in order to recover useable products, or to regenerate the material. Reclamation is the process of reclaiming. "Recover" means extract a useable material from a solid or dangerous waste through a physical, chemical, biological, or thermal process. Recovery is the process of recovering. "Recycle" means to use, reuse, or reclaim a material. "Recycling unit" is a contiguous area of land, structures and equipment where materials designated as dangerous waste or used oil are placed or processed in order to recover useable products or regenerate the original materials. For the purposes of this definition, "placement" does not mean "storage" when conducted within the provisions of WAC 173-303-120(4). A container, tank, or processing equipment alone does not constitute a unit; the unit includes containers, tanks or other processing equipment, their ancillary equipment and secondary containment system, and the land upon which they are placed. "Registration number" means the number assigned by the department of ecology to a transporter who owns or leases and operates a ten-day transfer facility within Washington state. "Regulated unit" means any new or existing surface impoundment, landfill, land treatment area or waste pile that receives any dangerous waste after: July 26, 1982, for wastes regulated by 40 CFR Part 261; October 31, 1984 for wastes designated only by this chapter and not regulated by 40 CFR Part 261; or The date six months after a waste is newly identified by amendments to 40 CFR Part 261 or this chapter which cause the waste to be regulated. "Release" means any intentional or unintentional spilling, leaking, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, pumping, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing of dangerous wastes, or dangerous constituents as defined at WAC 173-303-64610(4), into the environment and includes the abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, and other receptacles containing dangerous wastes or dangerous constituents and includes the definition of release at RCW 70.105D.020(20). "Remediation waste" means all solid and dangerous wastes, and all media (including ground water, surface water, soils, and sediments) and debris, that are managed for implementing cleanup. "Replacement unit" means a landfill, surface impoundment, or waste pile unit from which all or substantially all of the waste is removed, and that is subsequently reused to treat, store, or dispose of dangerous waste. "Replacement unit" does not apply to a unit from which waste is removed during closure, if the subsequent reuse solely involves the disposal of waste from that unit and other closing units or corrective action areas at the facility, in accordance with an approved closure plan or EPA or state approved corrective action. "Representative sample" means a sample which can be expected to exhibit the average properties of the sample source. "Reuse or use" means to employ a material either: As an ingredient (including use as an intermediate) in an industrial process to make a product (for example, distillation bottoms from one process used as feedstock in another process). However, a material will not satisfy this condition if distinct components of the material are recovered as separate end products (as when metals are recovered from metal-containing secondary materials); or In a particular function or application as an effective substitute for a commercial product (for example, spent pickle liquor used as phosphorous precipitant and sludge conditioner in wastewater treatment). "Run-off" means any rainwater, leachate, or other liquid which drains over land from any part of a facility. "Run-on" means any rainwater, leachate, or other liquid which drains over land onto any part of a facility. "Satellite accumulation area" means a location at or near any point of generation where hazardous waste is initially accumulated in containers (during routine operations) prior to consolidation at a designated ninety-day accumulation area or storage area. The area must be under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste or secured at all times to prevent improper additions of wastes into the satellite containers. "Schedule of compliance" means a schedule of remedial measures in a permit including an enforceable sequence of interim requirements leading to compliance with this chapter. "Scrap metal" means bits and pieces of metal parts (e.g., bars, turnings, rods, sheets, wire) or metal pieces that may be combined together with bolts or soldering (e.g., radiators, scrap automobiles, railroad box cars), which when worn or superfluous can be recycled. "Sludge" means any solid, semisolid, or liquid waste generated from a municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility. This term does not include the treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. "Sludge dryer" means any enclosed thermal treatment device that is used to dehydrate sludge and that has a maximum total thermal input, excluding the heating value of the sludge itself, of 2,500 Btu/lb of sludge treated on a wet-weight basis. "Small quantity handler of universal waste" means a universal waste handler (as defined in this section) who does not accumulate 11,000 pounds or more total of universal waste (batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, and lamps, calculated collectively) and/or who does not accumulate more than 2,200 pounds of lamps at any time. "Solid acid waste" means a dangerous waste that exhibits the characteristic of low pH under the corrosivity tests of WAC 173-303-090 (6)(a)(iii). "Solid waste management unit" or "SWMU" means any discernible location at a facility, as defined for the purposes of corrective action, where solid wastes have been placed at any time, irrespective of whether the location was intended for the management of solid or dangerous waste. Such locations include any area at a facility at which solid wastes, including spills, have been routinely and systematically released. Such units include regulated units as defined by chapter 173-303 WAC. "Sorbent" means a material that is used to soak up free liquids by either adsorption or absorption, or both. Sorb means to either adsorb or absorb, or both. "Special incinerator ash" means ash residues resulting from the operation of incineration or energy recovery facilities managing municipal solid waste from residential, commercial and industrial establishments, if the ash residues are designated as dangerous waste only by this chapter and not designated as hazardous waste by 40 CFR Part 261. "Special waste" means any state-only dangerous waste that is solid only (nonliquid, nonaqueous, nongaseous), that is: Corrosive waste (WAC 173-303-090 (6)(b)(ii)), toxic waste that has Category D toxicity (WAC 173-303-100(5)), PCB waste (WAC 173-303-9904 under State Sources), or persistent waste that is not EHW (WAC 173-303-100(6)). Any solid waste that is regulated by the United States EPA as hazardous waste cannot be a special waste. "Spent material" means any material that has been used and as a result of contamination can no longer serve the purpose for which it was produced without processing. "Stabilization" and "solidification" means a technique that limits the solubility and mobility of dangerous waste constituents. Solidification immobilizes a waste through physical means and stabilization immobilizes the waste by bonding or chemically reacting with the stabilizing material. "Staging pile" means an accumulation of solid, nonflowing, remediation waste that is not a containment building or a corrective action management unit and that is used for temporary storage of remediation waste for implementing corrective action under WAC 173-303-646 or other clean up activities. "State-only dangerous waste" means a waste designated only by this chapter, chapter 173-303 WAC, and is not regulated as a hazardous waste under 40 CFR Part 261. "State operator" means the person responsible for the overall operation of the state's extremely hazardous waste facility on the Hanford Reservation. "Storage" means the holding of dangerous waste for a temporary period. "Accumulation" of dangerous waste, by the generator on the site of generation, is not storage as long as the generator complies with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-200 and 173-303-201. "Sudden accident" means an unforeseen and unexpected occurrence which is not continuous or repeated in nature. "Sump" means any pit or reservoir that meets the definition of tank and those troughs/trenches connected to it that serves to collect dangerous waste for transport to dangerous waste storage, treatment, or disposal facilities; except that as used in the landfill, surface impoundment, and waste pile rules, "sump" means any lined pit or reservoir that serves to collect liquids drained from a leachate collection and removal system or leak detection system for subsequent removal from the system. "Surface impoundment" means a facility or part of a facility which is a natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked area formed primarily of earthen materials (although it may be lined with man-made materials), and which is designed to hold an accumulation of liquid dangerous wastes or dangerous wastes containing free liquids. The term includes holding, storage, settling, and aeration pits, ponds, or lagoons, but does not include injection wells. "Tank" means a stationary device designed to contain an accumulation of dangerous waste, and which is constructed primarily of nonearthen materials to provide structural support. "Tank system" means a dangerous waste storage or treatment tank and its associated ancillary equipment and containment system. "Temporary unit" means a tank or container that is not an accumulation unit under WAC 173-303-200 and that is used for temporary treatment or storage of remediation waste for implementing corrective action under WAC 173-303-646 or other clean up activities. "TEQ" means toxicity equivalence, the international method of relating the toxicity of various dioxin/furan congeners to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. "Thermal treatment" means the treatment of dangerous waste in a device which uses elevated temperatures as the primary means to change the chemical, physical, or biological character or composition of the dangerous waste. Examples of thermal treatment processes are incineration, molten salt, pyrolysis, calcination, wet air oxidation, and microwave discharge. "Thermostat" means a temperature control device that contains metallic mercury in an ampule attached to a bimetal sensing element, and mercury-containing ampules that have been removed from these temperature control devices in compliance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-573 (9)(b)(ii) or (20)(b)(ii). "TLm96" means the same as "Aquatic LC50." "Totally enclosed treatment facility" means a facility for treating dangerous waste which is directly connected to a production process and which prevents the release of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents into the environment during treatment. "Toxic" means having the properties to cause or to significantly contribute to death, injury, or illness of man or wildlife. "Transfer facility" means any transportation related facility including loading docks, parking areas, storage areas, buildings, piers, and other similar areas where shipments of dangerous waste are held, consolidated, or transferred within a period of ten days or less during the normal course of transportation. "Transport vehicle" means a motor vehicle, water vessel, or rail car used for the transportation of cargo by any mode. Each cargo-carrying body (trailer, railroad freight car, steamship, etc.) is a separate transport vehicle. "Transportation" means the movement of dangerous waste by air, rail, highway, or water. "Transporter" means a person engaged in the off-site transportation of dangerous waste. "Travel time" means the period of time necessary for a dangerous waste constituent released to the soil (either by accident or intent) to enter any on-site or off-site aquifer or water supply system. "Treatability study" means a study in which a dangerous waste is subjected to a treatment process to determine: Whether the waste is amenable to the treatment process; what pretreatment (if any) is required; the optimal process conditions needed to achieve the desired treatment; the efficiency of a treatment process for a specific waste or wastes; or the characteristics and volumes of residuals from a particular treatment process. Also included in this definition for the purpose of the exemptions contained in WAC 173-303-071 (3)(r) and (s), are liner compatibility, corrosion, and other material compatibility studies and toxicological and health effects studies. A "treatability study" is not a means to commercially treat or dispose of dangerous waste. "Treatment" means the physical, chemical, or biological processing of dangerous waste to make such wastes nondangerous or less dangerous, safer for transport, amenable for energy or material resource recovery, amenable for storage, or reduced in volume, with the exception of compacting, repackaging, and sorting as allowed under WAC 173-303-400(2) and 173-303-600(3). "Treatment zone" means a soil area of the unsaturated zone of a land treatment unit within which dangerous wastes are degraded, transformed or immobilized. "Triple rinsing" means the cleaning of containers in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-160 (2)(b), containers. "Underground injection" means the subsurface emplacement of fluids through a bored, drilled, or driven well, or through a dug well, where the depth of the dug well is greater than the largest surface dimension. "Underground tank" means a device meeting the definition of "tank" in this section whose entire surface area is totally below the surface of and covered by the ground. "Unexploded ordnance (UXO)" means military munitions that have been primed, fused, armed, or otherwise prepared for action, and have been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installation, personnel, or material and remain unexploded either by malfunction, design, or any other cause. "Unfit-for-use tank system" means a tank system that has been determined through an integrity assessment or other inspection to be no longer capable of storing or treating dangerous waste without posing a threat of release of dangerous waste to the environment. "Universal waste" means any of the following dangerous wastes that are subject to the universal waste requirements of WAC 173-303-573: Batteries as described in WAC 173-303-573(2); Thermostats as described in WAC 173-303-573(3); Lamps as described in WAC 173-303-573(5); and Mercury-containing equipment as described in WAC 173-303-573(4). "Universal waste handler": Means: A generator (as defined in this section) of universal waste; or The owner or operator of a facility, including all contiguous property, that receives universal waste from other universal waste handlers, accumulates universal waste, and sends universal waste to another universal waste handler, to a destination facility, or to a foreign destination. Does not mean: A person who treats (except under the provisions of WAC 173-303-573 (9)(a), (b), or (c) or (20)(a), (b), or (c)) disposes of, or recycles universal waste; or A person engaged in the off-site transportation of universal waste by air, rail, highway, or water, including a universal waste transfer facility. "Universal waste transfer facility" means any transportation-related facility including loading docks, parking areas, storage areas and other similar areas where shipments of universal waste are held during the normal course of transportation for ten days or less. "Universal waste transporter" means a person engaged in the off-site transportation of universal waste by air, rail, highway, or water. "Unsaturated zone" means the zone between the land surface and the water table. "Uppermost aquifer" means the geological formation nearest the natural ground surface that is capable of yielding ground water to wells or springs. It includes lower aquifers that are hydraulically interconnected with this aquifer within the facility property boundary. "Used oil" means any oil that has been refined from crude oil, or any synthetic oil, that has been used and as a result of such use is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities. "Vessel" includes every description of watercraft, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on the water. "Waste-derived fertilizer" means a commercial fertilizer that is derived in whole or in part from solid waste as defined in chapter 70.95 or 70.105 RCW, or rules adopted thereunder, but does not include fertilizers derived from biosolids or biosolid products regulated under chapter 70.95J RCW or wastewaters regulated under chapter 90.48 RCW. "Wastewater treatment unit" means a device that: Is part of a wastewater treatment facility which is subject to regulation under either: Section 402 or section 307(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act; or Chapter 90.48 RCW, State Water Pollution Control Act, provided that the waste treated at the facility is a state-only dangerous waste; and Handles dangerous waste in the following manner: Receives and treats or stores an influent wastewater; or Generates and accumulates or treats or stores a wastewater treatment sludge; and Meets the definition of tank or tank system in this section. "Water or rail (bulk shipment)" means the bulk transportation of dangerous waste which is loaded or carried on board a vessel or railcar without containers or labels. "Zone of engineering control" means an area under the control of the owner/operator that, upon detection of a dangerous waste release, can be readily cleaned up prior to the release of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents to ground water or surface water. Any terms used in this chapter which have not been defined in this section have either the same meaning as set forth in Title 40 CFR Parts 260, 264, 270, and 124 or else have their standard, technical meaning. As used in this chapter, words in the masculine gender also include the feminine and neuter genders, words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-040, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-040, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-040, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-040, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-040, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-040, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-040, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-040, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-040, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-040, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-040, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-040.] Notes: Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-045 References to EPA's hazardous waste and permit regulations. (1) Any references in this chapter to any parts, subparts, or sections from EPA's hazardous waste regulations, including 40 CFR Parts 260 through 280 and Part 124, are in reference to those rules as they existed on July 1, 2003, except for the following: The National Environmental Performance Track Program accumulation requirements, incorporated at WAC 173-303-200(5), are from the April 22, 2004, Federal Register Volume 69, Number 78. Copies of the appropriate referenced federal requirements are available upon request from the department. (2) The following sections and any cross-reference to these sections are not incorporated or adopted by reference because they are provisions that EPA cannot delegate to states: (a) 40 CFR Parts 260.1 (b)(4)-(6). (b) 40 CFR Parts 264.1 (d) and (f); 265.1 (c)(4);264.149-150 and 265.149-150; 264.301(l); and 265.430. (c) 40 CFR Parts 268.5 and 268.6; 268 Subpart B; 268.42(b) and 268.44 (a) through (g). (d) 40 CFR Parts 270.1 (c)(1)(i); 270.3; 270.60(b); and 270.64. (e) 40 CFR Parts 124.1 (b)-(e); 124.4; 124.5(e); 124.9; 124.10 (a)(1)(iv); 124.12(e); 124.14(d); 124.15 (b)(2); 124.16; 124.17(b); 124.18; 124.19; and 124.21. (3) The following sections and any cross-references to these citations are not incorporated or adopted by reference: 40 CFR Parts 260.20-260.22. (4) Where EPA's regulations are incorporated by reference: (a) "Regional administrator" means "the department." (b) "Administrator" means "director." (c) "Director" means "department." (d) These substitutions should be made as appropriate. They should not be made where noted otherwise in this chapter. They should not be made where another EPA region is referred to, where a provision cannot be delegated to the state, or where the director referred to is the director of another agency. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-045, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-045, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-045, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-045, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-045, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-045, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-045, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-045, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-045, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-045, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-045, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-045, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-050 Department of ecology cleanup authority. The department may conduct or contract for the removal of dangerous wastes or hazardous substances where there has been or is a potential for discharge or release, regardless of quantity or concentration, which could pose a threat to public health or the environment. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-050, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-050, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-060.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-060 Notification and identification numbers. (1) Any person who generates, transports, offers for transport, or transfers a dangerous waste, or who owns or operates a dangerous waste TSD facility must have a current EPA/state identification number (EPA/state ID#). An EPA/state ID# is issued to TSD facilities and generators by site. A state registration number is assigned to transfer facilities by site. Any person who offers a dangerous waste to a transporter or to a dangerous waste TSD facility that does not have an EPA/state ID#, or whose EPA/state ID# has been cancelled or withdrawn, is in violation of this regulation. (2) Every person who must have an EPA/state ID#, and who has not already received their ID#, must notify the department by obtaining and completing a Washington State Dangerous Waste Site Identification Form according to the instructions on the form and submitting the completed form to the department. Any person already assigned an EPA/state ID# must notify the department of any changes to their company's name, mailing address, ownership, physical location, or type of dangerous waste activity, by submitting a revised form. A revised form must be submitted prior to adding or dropping any of the following activities: Permitted treating, storing and/or disposing, immediate recycling, transporting, permit by rule, and/or treatment by generator. Any change in site location will require the issuance of a new EPA/state ID# for waste generation and management facilities. An EPA/state ID# may not be used at new company locations. A company that has obtained an ID# as a "transporter only" can move to a new location and continue to use the same ID#. A revised Dangerous Waste Site Identification Form must be submitted to the department. A Dangerous Waste Site Identification Form and instructions for its completion may be obtained by contacting the department. (3) Any person with an EPA/state ID# may request that his ID# be withdrawn if he will no longer be handling dangerous waste at the site the ID# has been assigned to. Any person whose ID# has been withdrawn must notify the department before he uses the ID# at any later date. Notification must be in writing, except in the case of emergencies (e.g., fires, spills, etc.) such notification may be provided by telephone first, and followed within one week by a written notification. Withdrawal will only be granted when all applicable requirements of this chapter and chapter 173-305 WAC have been met. (4) Any person with an EPA/state ID# may request that his ID# be cancelled if he will no longer occupy the site. Notification must be in writing. An EPA/state ID# will be considered cancelled only after all applicable requirements of this chapter and chapter 173-305 WAC have been met. (5) Any person with a current EPA/state ID# must submit an annual report as required by WAC 173-303-070(8), 173-303-220, and 173-303-390. Any person who has withdrawn or cancelled their ID# must submit an annual report up to the effective date of cancellation or withdrawal. The generator should write the effective date on the Dangerous Waste Site Identification Form for the cancellation or withdrawal; it is the date by which all regulated waste activities (generation, transportation, and management) have ceased at the site. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-060, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-060, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-060, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-060, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-060, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-060, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-060, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-070 Designation of dangerous waste. (1) Purpose and applicability. (a) This section describes the procedures for determining whether or not a solid waste is DW or EHW. (b) The procedures in this section are applicable to any person who generates a solid waste (including recyclable materials) that is not exempted or excluded by this chapter or by the department. Any person who must determine whether or not their solid waste is designated must follow the procedures set forth in subsection (3) of this section. Any person who determines by these procedures that their waste is designated DW or EHW is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter. (c) The requirements for the small quantity generator exemption are found in subsection (8) of this section. (2)(a) Except as provided at WAC 173-303-070 (2)(c), once a material has been determined to be a dangerous waste, then any solid waste generated from the recycling, treatment, storage, or disposal of that dangerous waste is a dangerous waste unless and until: (i) The generator has been able to accurately describe the variability or uniformity of the waste over time, and has been able to obtain demonstration samples which are representative of the waste's variability or uniformity; and (ii)(A) It does not exhibit any of the characteristics of WAC 173-303-090; however, wastes that exhibit a characteristic at the point of generation may still be subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), even if they no longer exhibit a characteristic at the point of land disposal; and (B) If it was a listed waste under WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-083, it also has been exempted pursuant to WAC 173-303-910(3); or (iii) If originally designated only through WAC 173-303-100, it does not meet any of the criteria of WAC 173-303-100. Such solid waste will include but not be limited to any sludge, spill residue, ash emission control dust, leachate, or precipitation runoff. Precipitation runoff will not be considered a dangerous waste if it can be shown that the runoff has not been contaminated with the dangerous waste, or that the runoff is adequately addressed under existing state laws (e.g. chapter 90.48 RCW), or that the runoff does not exhibit any of the criteria or characteristics described in WAC 173-303-100. (b) Materials that are reclaimed from solid wastes and that are used beneficially (as provided in WAC 173-303-016 and 173-303-017) are not solid wastes and hence are not dangerous wastes under this section unless the reclaimed material is burned for energy recovery or used in a manner constituting disposal. (c)(i) A dangerous waste that is listed in WAC 173-303-081(1) or 173-303-082(1) solely because it exhibits one or more characteristics of ignitability as defined under WAC 173-303-090(5), corrosivity as defined under WAC 173-303-090(6), or reactivity as defined under WAC 173-303-090(7) is not a dangerous waste, if the waste no longer exhibits any characteristic of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or any criteria identified in WAC 173-303-100. (ii) The exclusion described in (c)(i) of this subsection also pertains to: (A) Any solid waste generated from treating, storing, or disposing of a dangerous waste listed in WAC 173-303-081(1) or 173-303-082(1) solely because it exhibits the characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity as regulated under (a) and (b) of this section. (B) Wastes excluded under this section are subject to 40 CFR Part 268, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a) (as applicable), even if they no longer exhibit a characteristic at the point of land disposal. (3) Designation procedures. (a) To determine whether or not a solid waste is designated as a dangerous waste a person must: (i) First, determine if the waste is a listed discarded chemical product, WAC 173-303-081; (ii) Second, determine if the waste is a listed dangerous waste source, WAC 173-303-082; (iii) Third, if the waste is not listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082, or for the purposes of compliance with the federal land disposal restrictions as adopted by reference in WAC 173-303-140, determine if the waste exhibits any dangerous waste characteristics, WAC 173-303-090; and (iv) Fourth, if the waste is not listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082, and does not exhibit a characteristic in WAC 173-303-090, determine if the waste meets any dangerous waste criteria, WAC 173-303-100. (b) A person must check each section, in the order set forth, until they determine whether the waste is designated as a dangerous waste. Once the waste is determined to be a dangerous waste, further designation is not required except as required by subsection (4) or (5) of this section. If a person has checked the waste against each section and the waste is not designated, then the waste is not subject to the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC. Any person who wishes to seek an exemption for a waste which has been designated DW or EHW must comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-072. (c) For the purpose of determining if a solid waste is a dangerous waste as identified in WAC 173-303-080 through173-303-100 , a person must either: (i) Test the waste according to the methods, or an approved equivalent method, set forth in WAC 173-303-110; or (ii) Apply knowledge of the waste in light of the materials or the process used, when: (A) Such knowledge can be demonstrated to be sufficient for determining whether or not it designated and/or designated properly; and (B) All data and records supporting this determination in accordance with WAC 173-303-210(3) are retained on-site. (4) Testing required. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, the department may require any person to test a waste according to the methods, or an approved equivalent method, set forth in WAC 173-303-110 to determine whether or not the waste is designated under the dangerous waste lists, characteristics, or criteria, WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100. Such testing may be required if the department has reason to believe that the waste would be designated DW or EHW by the dangerous waste lists, characteristics, or criteria, or if the department has reason to believe that the waste is designated improperly (e.g., the waste has been designated DW but should actually be designated EHW). If a person, pursuant to the requirements of this subsection, determines that the waste is a dangerous waste or that its designation must be changed, then they are subject to the applicable requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC. The department will base a requirement to test a waste on evidence that includes, but is not limited to: (a) Test information indicating that the person's waste may be DW or EHW; (b) Evidence that the person's waste is very similar to another persons' already designated DW or EHW; (c) Evidence that the persons' waste has historically been a DW or EHW; (d) Evidence or information about a person's manufacturing materials or processes which indicate that the wastes may be DW or EHW; or (e) Evidence that the knowledge or test results a person has regarding a waste is not sufficient for determining whether or not it designated and/or designated properly. (5) Additional designation required. A generator must manage dangerous waste under the most stringent management standards that apply. The following subsections describe how waste that has been designated as DW under the dangerous waste lists, WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-082, or characteristics, WAC 173-303-090, or in the case of (c) of this subsection, under the lists, characteristics, or criteria, must be further designated under the dangerous waste criteria, WAC 173-303-100. This further designation under the criteria is necessary because it may change how the waste must be managed. Additional designation is required when: (a) The waste is designated as DW with a QEL of 220 pounds and the generator otherwise qualifies as a small quantity generator. In this case, a generator must determine if their DW is also designated as a toxic EHW, WAC 173-303-100, with a QEL of 2.2 pounds; or (b) The waste is designated as DW and the waste is to be discharged to a POTW operating under WAC 173-303-802(4) (Permits by rule). In this case, a generator must determine if the waste is also an EHW under WAC 173-303-100; or (c) The waste is designated as a state-only DW and the waste is to be: (i) Burned for energy recovery, as used oil, under the provisions of WAC 173-303-515; or (ii) Land disposed within the state. In this case, a generator must determine if the waste is also an EHW under WAC 173-303-100. (6) Dangerous waste numbers. When a person is reporting or keeping records on a dangerous waste, they must use all the dangerous waste numbers which they know are assignable to the waste from the dangerous waste lists, characteristics, or criteria. For example, if the waste is ignitable and contains more than 5 mg/l leachable lead when tested for the toxicity characteristic, they must use the dangerous waste numbers of D001 and D008. This will not be construed as requiring a person to designate their waste beyond those designation requirements set forth in subsections (2), (3), (4), and (5) of this section. (7) Quantity exclusion limits; aggregated waste quantities. (a) Quantity exclusion limits. In each of the designation sections describing the lists, characteristics, and criteria, quantity exclusion limits (QEL) are identified. The QEL are used to distinguish when a dangerous waste is only subject to the small quantity generator provisions, and when a dangerous waste is subject to the full requirements of this chapter. Any solid waste which is not excluded or exempted and which is listed by or exhibits the characteristics or meets the criteria of this chapter is a dangerous waste. Small quantity generators who produce dangerous waste below the QEL are subject to the requirements described in subsection (8) of this section. (b) Aggregated waste quantities. A person may be generating, accumulating, or storing more than one kind of dangerous waste. In such cases, they must consider the aggregate quantity of their wastes when determining whether or not their waste amounts exceed the specific limits for waste accumulation or the specific quantity exclusion limits (QEL) for waste generation. Waste quantities must be aggregated for all wastes with common QEL's. Example: If a person generates 100 pounds of an ignitable waste and 130 pounds of a persistent waste, then both wastes are regulated because their aggregate waste quantity (230 pounds) exceeds their common QEL of 220 pounds. On the other hand, if a person generates one pound of a toxic EHW and 218 pounds of a corrosive waste, their quantities would not be aggregated because they do not share a common QEL (2.2 pounds and 220 pounds, respective QEL's). (Note: In order to remain a small quantity generator, the total quantity of dangerous waste generated in one month, all DW and EHW regardless of their QELs, must not equal or exceed 220 pounds. Not more than 2.2 pounds of a waste with a 2.2 pound QEL may be part of that total.) (c) When making the quantity determinations of this subsection and WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230, generators must include all dangerous wastes they generate, except dangerous waste that: (i) Is exempt from regulation under WAC 173-303-071; or (ii) Is recycled under WAC 173-303-120 (2)(a), (3)(c), (e), (h) or (5); or (iii) Is managed immediately upon generation only in on-site elementary neutralization units, wastewater treatment units, or totally enclosed treatment facilities as defined in WAC 173-303-040; or (iv) Is recycled, without prior storage or accumulation, only in an on-site process subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-120 (4)(a); or (v) Is spent lead-acid batteries managed under the requirements of WAC 173-303-120 (3)(f) and 173-303-520; or (vi) Is universal waste managed under WAC 173-303-077 and 173-303-573. (d) In determining the quantity of dangerous waste generated, a generator need not include: (i) Dangerous waste when it is removed from on-site storage; or (ii) Reserve; or (iii) Spent materials that are generated, reclaimed, and subsequently reused on-site, as long as such spent materials have been counted once (Note: If after treatment or reclamation a residue is generated with a different waste code(s), that residue must be counted); or (iv) The container holding/containing the dangerous waste as described under WAC 173-303-160(1). (8) Small quantity generators. (a) A person is a small quantity generator and subject to the requirements of this subsection if: (i) Their waste is dangerous waste under subsection (3) of this section, and the quantity of waste generated per month (or the aggregated quantity if more than one kind of waste is generated) does not equal or exceed the quantity exclusion limit (QEL) for such waste (or wastes) as described in WAC 173-303-070(7); and (ii) The quantity accumulated or stored does not exceed 2200 pounds for wastes with a 220 pound QEL and 2.2 pounds for waste with a 2.2 pound QEL. (Exception: The accumulation limit for the acute hazardous wastes described in WAC 173-303-081 (2)(iv) and 173-303-082 (2)(b) is 220 lbs); and (iii) The total quantity of dangerous waste generated in one month, all DW and EHW regardless of their QELs, does not equal or exceed 220 pounds. If a person generates any dangerous wastes that exceed the QEL or accumulates or stores waste that exceeds the accumulation limits, then all dangerous waste generated, accumulated, or stored by that person is subject to the requirements of this chapter. A small quantity generator who generates in excess of the quantity exclusion limits or, accumulates, or stores waste in excess of the accumulation limits becomes subject to the full requirements of this chapter and cannot again be a small quantity generator until after all dangerous waste on-site at the time he or she became fully regulated have been removed, treated, or disposed. Example. If a person generates four pounds of an acute hazardous waste discarded chemical product (QEL is 2.2 pounds) and 200 pounds of an ignitable waste (QEL is 220 pounds), then both wastes are fully regulated, and the person is not a small quantity generator for either waste. (Comment: If a generator generates acute hazardous waste in a calendar month in quantities greater than the QELs, all quantities of that acute hazardous waste are subject to full regulation under this chapter. "Full regulation" means the regulations applicable to generators of greater than 2200 pounds of dangerous wastes in a calendar month.) (b) Small quantity generators will not be subject to the requirements of this chapter if they: (i) Designate their waste in accordance with WAC 173-303-070; and (ii) Manage their waste in a way that does not pose a potential threat to human health or the environment; and (iii) Either treat or dispose of their dangerous waste in an on-site facility, or ensure delivery to an off-site facility, either of which, if located in the United States, is: (A) Permitted (including permit-by-rule, interim status, or final status) under WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; (B) Authorized to manage dangerous waste by another state with a hazardous waste program approved under 40 CFR Part 271, or by EPA under 40 CFR Part 270; (C) Permitted to manage moderate-risk waste under chapter 173-350 WAC (Solid waste handling standards), operated in accordance with state and local regulations, and consistent with the applicable local hazardous waste plan that has been approved by the department; (D) A facility that beneficially uses or reuses, or legitimately recycles or reclaims the dangerous waste, or that treats the waste prior to such recycling activities; (E) Permitted, licensed, or registered to manage municipal solid waste and, if managed in a municipal solid waste landfill is subject to 40 CFR Part 258 or chapter 173-351 WAC; (F) Permitted, licensed, or registered by a state to manage nonmunicipal nonhazardous waste and, if managed in a nonmunicipal nonhazardous waste disposal unit after January 1, 1998, is subject to the requirements in 40 CFR 257.5 through 257.30; (G) A publicly owned treatment works (POTW): Provided, That small quantity generator(s) comply with the provisions of the domestic sewage exclusion found in WAC 173-303-071 (3)(a); or (H) For universal waste managed under WAC 173-303-573, a universal waste handler or destination facility subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-573; and (iv) Submit an annual report in accordance with WAC 173-303-220 if they have obtained an EPA/state identification number pursuant to WAC 173-303-060. (c) If a small quantity generator's wastes are mixed with used oil, the mixture is subject to WAC 173-303-510 if it is destined to be burned for energy recovery. Any material produced from such a mixture by processing, blending, or other treatment is also regulated if it is destined to be burned for energy recovery. (d) If a small quantity generator's used oil is to be recycled by being burned for energy recovery or re-refined, the used oil is subject to WAC 173-303-515. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-070, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-070, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-070, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-070, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-070, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-070, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 93-02-050 (Order 92-32), § 173-303-070, filed 1/5/93, effective 2/5/93. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-070, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-070, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-070, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-070, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-070, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-070, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-071 Excluded categories of waste. (1) Purpose. Certain categories of waste have been excluded from the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC, except for WAC 173-303-050, because they generally are not dangerous waste, are regulated under other state and federal programs, or are recycled in ways which do not threaten public health or the environment. WAC 173-303-071 describes these excluded categories of waste. (2) Excluding wastes. Any persons who generate a common class of wastes and who seek to categorically exclude such class of wastes from the requirements of this chapter must comply with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-072. No waste class will be excluded if any of the wastes in the class are regulated as hazardous waste under 40 CFR Part 261. (3) Exclusions. The following categories of waste are excluded from the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC, except for WAC 173-303-050, 173-303-145, and 173-303-960, and as otherwise specified: (a)(i) Domestic sewage; and (ii) Any mixture of domestic sewage and other wastes that passes through a sewer system to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) for treatment provided: (A) The generator or owner/operator has obtained a state waste discharge permit issued by the department, a temporary permit obtained pursuant to RCW 90.48.200, or pretreatment permit (or written discharge authorization) from a local sewage utility delegated pretreatment program responsibilities pursuant to RCW 90.48.165; (B) The waste discharge is specifically authorized in a state waste discharge permit, pretreatment permit or written discharge authorization, or in the case of a temporary permit the waste is accurately described in the permit application; (C) The waste discharge is not prohibited under 40 CFR Part 403.5; and (D) The waste prior to mixing with domestic sewage must not exhibit dangerous waste characteristics for ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity as defined in WAC 173-303-090, and must not meet the dangerous waste criteria for toxic dangerous waste or persistent dangerous waste under WAC 173-303-100, unless the waste is treatable in the publicly owned treatment works (POTW) where it will be received. This exclusion does not apply to the generation, treatment, storage, recycling, or other management of dangerous wastes prior to discharge into the sanitary sewage system; (b) Industrial wastewater discharges that are point-source discharges subject to regulation under Section 402 of the Clean Water Act. This exclusion does not apply to the collection, storage, or treatment of industrial waste-waters prior to discharge, nor to sludges that are generated during industrial wastewater treatment. Owners or operators of certain wastewater treatment facilities managing dangerous wastes may qualify for a permit-by-rule pursuant to WAC 173-303-802(5); (c) Household wastes, including household waste that has been collected, transported, stored, or disposed. Wastes that are residues from or are generated by the management of household wastes (e.g., leachate, ash from burning of refuse-derived fuel) are not excluded by this provision. "Household wastes" means any waste material (including, but not limited to, garbage, trash, and sanitary wastes in septic tanks) derived from households (including single and multiple residences, hotels and motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic grounds, and day-use recreation areas). A resource recovery facility managing municipal solid waste will not be deemed to be treating, storing, disposing of, or otherwise managing dangerous wastes for the purposes of regulation under this chapter, if such facility: (i) Receives and burns only: (A) Household waste (from single and multiple dwellings, hotels, motels, and other residential sources); and (B) Solid waste from commercial or industrial sources that does not contain dangerous waste; and (ii) Such facility does not accept dangerous wastes and the owner or operator of such facility has established contractual requirements or other appropriate notification or inspection procedures to assure that dangerous wastes are not received at or burned in such facility; (d) Agricultural crops and animal manures which are returned to the soil as fertilizers; (e) Asphaltic materials designated only for the presence of PAHs by WAC 173-303-100(6). For the purposes of this exclusion, asphaltic materials means materials that have been used for structural and construction purposes (e.g., roads, dikes, paving) that were produced from mixtures of oil and sand, gravel, ash or similar substances; (f) Roofing tars and shingles, except that these wastes are not excluded if mixed with wastes listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082, or if they exhibit any of the characteristics specified in WAC 173-303-090; (g) Treated wood waste and wood products including: (i) Arsenical-treated wood that fails the test for the toxicity characteristic of WAC 173-303-090(8) (dangerous waste numbers D004 through D017 only) or that fails any state criteria, if the waste is generated by persons who utilize the arsenical-treated wood for the materials' intended end use. Intended end use means the wood product must have been used in typical treated wood applications (for example, fence posts, decking, poles, and timbers). (ii) Wood treated with other preservatives provided such treated wood and wood waste (for example, sawdust and shavings) are, within one hundred eighty days after becoming waste: (A) Disposed of at a landfill that is permitted in accordance with chapter 173-350 WAC, Solid waste handling standards, or chapter 173-351 WAC, criteria for municipal solid waste landfills, and provided that such wood is neither a listed waste under WAC 173-303-9903 and 173-303-9904 nor a TCLP waste under WAC 173-303-090(8); or (B) Sent to a facility that will legitimately treat or recycle the treated wood waste, and manage any residue in accordance with that state's dangerous waste regulations; or (C) Sent off-site to a permitted TSD facility or placed in an on-site facility which is permitted by the department under WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-845. In addition, creosote-treated wood is excluded when burned for energy recovery in an industrial furnace or boiler that has an order of approval issued pursuant to RCW 70.94.152 by ecology or a local air pollution control authority to burn creosote treated wood. (h) Irrigation return flows; (i) Reserve; (j) Mining overburden returned to the mining site; (k) Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes: (i) PCB wastes whose disposal is regulated by EPA under 40 CFR 761.60 (Toxic Substances Control Act) and that are dangerous either because: (A) They fail the test for toxicity characteristic (WAC 173-303-090(8), Dangerous waste codes D018 through D043 only); or (B) Because they are designated only by this chapter and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261, are exempt from regulation under this chapter except for WAC 173-303-505 through173-303-525 , 173-303-960, those sections specified in subsection (3) of this section, and 40 CFR Part 266; (ii) Wastes that would be designated as dangerous waste under this chapter solely because they are listed as WPCB under WAC 173-303-9904 when such wastes are stored and disposed in a manner equivalent to the requirements of 40 CFR Part 761 Subpart D for PCB concentrations of 50 ppm or greater. (l) Samples: (i) Except as provided in (l)(ii) of this subsection, a sample of solid waste or a sample of water, soil, or air, which is collected for the sole purpose of testing to determine its characteristics or composition, is not subject to any requirements of this chapter, when: (A) The sample is being transported to a lab for testing or being transported to the sample collector after testing; or (B) The sample is being stored by the sample collector before transport, by the laboratory before testing, or by the laboratory after testing prior to return to the sample collector; or (C) The sample is being stored temporarily in the laboratory after testing for a specific purpose (for example, until conclusion of a court case or enforcement action). (ii) In order to qualify for the exemptions in (l)(i) of this subsection, a sample collector shipping samples to a laboratory and a laboratory returning samples to a sample collector must: (A) Comply with United States Department of Transportation (DOT), United States Postal Service (USPS), or any other applicable shipping requirements; or (B) Comply with the following requirements if the sample collector determines that DOT or USPS, or other shipping requirements do not apply: (I) Assure that the following information accompanies the sample: (AA) The sample collector's name, mailing address, and telephone number; (BB) The laboratory's name, mailing address, and telephone number; (CC) The quantity of the sample; (DD) The date of shipment; (EE) A description of the sample; and (II) Package the sample so that it does not leak, spill, or vaporize from its packaging. (iii) This exemption does not apply if the laboratory determines that the waste is dangerous but the laboratory is no longer meeting any of the conditions stated in (l)(i) of this subsection; (m) Reserve; (n) Dangerous waste generated in a product or raw material storage tank, a product or raw material transport vehicle or vessel, a product or raw material pipeline, or in a manufacturing process unit or an associated nonwaste-treatment-manufacturing unit until it exits the unit in which it was generated. This exclusion does not apply to surface impoundments, nor does it apply if the dangerous waste remains in the unit more than ninety days after the unit ceases to be operated for manufacturing, or for storage or transportation of product or raw materials; (o) Waste pickle liquor sludge generated by lime stabilization of spent pickle liquor from the iron and steel industry (NAICS codes 331111 and 332111), except that these wastes are not excluded if they exhibit one or more of the dangerous waste criteria (WAC 173-303-100) or characteristics (WAC 173-303-090); (p) Wastes from burning any of the materials exempted from regulation by WAC 173-303-120 (2)(a)(vii) and (viii). These wastes are not excluded if they exhibit one or more of the dangerous waste characteristics or criteria; (q) As of January 1, 1987, secondary materials that are reclaimed and returned to the original process or processes in which they were generated where they are reused in the production process provided: (i) Only tank storage is involved, and the entire process through completion of reclamation is closed by being entirely connected with pipes or other comparable enclosed means of conveyance; (ii) Reclamation does not involve controlled flame combustion (such as occurs in boilers, industrial furnaces, or incinerators); (iii) The secondary materials are never accumulated in such tanks for over twelve months without being reclaimed; (iv) The reclaimed material is not used to produce a fuel, or used to produce products that are used in a manner constituting disposal; and (v) A generator complies with the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC for any residues (e.g., sludges, filters, etc.) produced from the collection, reclamation, and reuse of the secondary materials. (r) Treatability study samples. (i) Except as provided in (r)(ii) of this subsection, persons who generate or collect samples for the purpose of conducting treatability studies as defined in WAC 173-303-040 are not subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-180, 173-303-190, and 173-303-200 (1)(a), nor are such samples included in the quantity determinations of WAC 173-303-070 (7) and (8) and 173-303-201 when: (A) The sample is being collected and prepared for transportation by the generator or sample collector; or (B) The sample is being accumulated or stored by the generator or sample collector prior to transportation to a laboratory or testing facility; or (C) The sample is being transported to the laboratory or testing facility for the purpose of conducting a treatability study; or (D) The sample or waste residue is being transported back to the original generator from the laboratory or testing facility. (ii) The exemption in (r)(i) of this subsection is applicable to samples of dangerous waste being collected and shipped for the purpose of conducting treatability studies provided that: (A) The generator or sample collector uses (in "treatability studies") no more than 10,000 kg of media contaminated with nonacute dangerous waste, 1000 kg of nonacute dangerous waste other than contaminated media, 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste, 2500 kg of media contaminated with acutely hazardous waste for each process being evaluated for each generated waste stream; and (B) The mass of each sample shipment does not exceed 10,000 kg; the 10,000 kg quantity may be all media contaminated with nonacute dangerous waste or may include 2500 kg of media contaminated with acute hazardous waste, 1000 kg of dangerous waste, and 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste; and (C) The sample must be packaged so that it will not leak, spill, or vaporize from its packaging during shipment and the requirements of (r)(ii)(C)(I) or (II) of this subsection are met. (I) The transportation of each sample shipment complies with United States Department of Transportation (DOT), United States Postal Service (USPS), or any other applicable shipping requirements; or (II) If the DOT, USPS, or other shipping requirements do not apply to the shipment of the sample, the following information must accompany the sample: (AA) The name, mailing address, and telephone number of the originator of the sample; (BB) The name, address, and telephone number of the laboratory or testing facility that will perform the treatability study; (CC) The quantity of the sample; (DD) The date of shipment; and (EE) A description of the sample, including its dangerous waste number. (D) The sample is shipped, within ninety days of being generated or of being taken from a stream of previously generated waste, to a laboratory or testing facility which is exempt under (s) of this subsection or has an appropriate final facility permit or interim status; and (E) The generator or sample collector maintains the following records for a period ending three years after completion of the treatability study: (I) Copies of the shipping documents; (II) A copy of the contract with the facility conducting the treatability study; (III) Documentation showing: (AA) The amount of waste shipped under this exemption; (BB) The name, address, and EPA/state identification number of the laboratory or testing facility that received the waste; (CC) The date the shipment was made; and (DD) Whether or not unused samples and residues were returned to the generator. (F) The generator reports the information required under (r)(ii)(E)(III) of this subsection in its annual report. (iii) The department may grant requests, on a case-by-case basis, for up to an additional two years for treatability studies involving bioremediation. The department may grant requests on a case-by-case basis for quantity limits in excess of those specified in (r)(ii)(A) and (B) of this subsection and (s)(iv) of this subsection, for up to an additional 5000 kg of media contaminated with nonacute dangerous waste, 500 kg of nonacute dangerous waste, 1 kg of acute hazardous waste, and 2500 kg of media contaminated with acute hazardous waste or for up to an additional 10,000 kg of wastes regulated only by this chapter and not regulated by 40 CFR Part 261, to conduct further treatability study evaluation: (A) In response to requests for authorization to ship, store and conduct treatability studies on additional quantities in advance of commencing treatability studies. Factors to be considered in reviewing such requests include the nature of the technology, the type of process, (e.g., batch versus continuous), size of the unit undergoing testing (particularly in relation to scale-up considerations), the time/quantity of material required to reach steady state operating conditions, or test design considerations such as mass balance calculations. (B) In response to requests for authorization to ship, store, and conduct treatability studies on additional quantities after initiation or completion of initial treatability studies, when: There has been an equipment or mechanical failure during the conduct of a treatability study; there is a need to verify the results of previously conducted treatability study; there is a need to study and analyze alternative techniques within a previously evaluated treatment process; or there is a need to do further evaluation of an ongoing treatability study to determine final specifications for treatment. (C) The additional quantities and time frames allowed in (r)(iii)(A) and (B) of this subsection are subject to all the provisions in (r)(i) and (r)(ii)(C) through (F) of this subsection. The generator or sample collector must apply to the department where the sample is collected and provide in writing the following information: (I) The reason the generator or sample collector requires additional time or quantity of sample for the treatability study evaluation and the additional time or quantity needed; (II) Documentation accounting for all samples of dangerous waste from the waste stream which have been sent for or undergone treatability studies including the date each previous sample from the waste stream was shipped, the quantity of each previous shipment, the laboratory or testing facility to which it was shipped, what treatability study processes were conducted on each sample shipped, and the available results of each treatability study; (III) A description of the technical modifications or change in specifications which will be evaluated and the expected results; (IV) If such further study is being required due to equipment or mechanical failure, the applicant must include information regarding the reason for the failure or breakdown and also include what procedures or equipment improvements have been made to protect against further breakdowns; and (V) Such other information that the department considers necessary. (s) Samples undergoing treatability studies at laboratories and testing facilities. Samples undergoing treatability studies and the laboratory or testing facility conducting such treatability studies (to the extent such facilities are not otherwise subject to chapter 70.105 RCW) are not subject to the requirements of this chapter, except WAC 173-303-050, 173-303-145, and 173-303-960 provided that the conditions of (s)(i) through (xiii) of this subsection are met. A mobile treatment unit (MTU) may qualify as a testing facility subject to (s)(i) through (xiii) of this subsection. Where a group of MTUs are located at the same site, the limitations specified in (s)(i) through (xiii) of this subsection apply to the entire group of MTUs collectively as if the group were one MTU. (i) No less than forty-five days before conducting treatability studies the laboratory or testing facility notifies the department in writing that it intends to conduct treatability studies under this subsection. (ii) The laboratory or testing facility conducting the treatability study has an EPA/state identification number. (iii) No more than a total of 10,000 kg of "as received" media contaminated with nonacute dangerous waste, 2500 kg of media contaminated with acute hazardous waste or 250 kg of other "as received" dangerous waste is subject to initiation of treatment in all treatability studies in any single day. "As received" waste refers to the waste as received in the shipment from the generator or sample collector. (iv) The quantity of "as received" dangerous waste stored at the facility for the purpose of evaluation in treatability studies does not exceed 10,000 kg, the total of which can include 10,000 kg of media contaminated with nonacute dangerous waste, 2500 kg of media contaminated with acute hazardous waste, 1000 kg of nonacute dangerous wastes other than contaminated media, and 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste. This quantity limitation does not include treatment materials (including nondangerous solid waste) added to "as received" dangerous waste. (v) No more than ninety days have elapsed since the treatability study for the sample was completed, or no more than one year (two years for treatability studies involving bioremediation) has elapsed since the generator or sample collector shipped the sample to the laboratory or testing facility, whichever date first occurs. Up to 500 kg of treated material from a particular waste stream from treatability studies may be archived for future evaluation up to five years from the date of initial receipt. Quantities of materials archived are counted against the total storage limit for the facility. (vi) The treatability study does not involve the placement of dangerous waste on the land or open burning of dangerous waste. (vii) The laboratory or testing facility maintains records for three years following completion of each study that show compliance with the treatment rate limits and the storage time and quantity limits. The following specific information must be included for each treatability study conducted: (A) The name, address, and EPA/state identification number of the generator or sample collector of each waste sample; (B) The date the shipment was received; (C) The quantity of waste accepted; (D) The quantity of "as received" waste in storage each day; (E) The date the treatment study was initiated and the amount of "as received" waste introduced to treatment each day; (F) The date the treatability study was concluded; (G) The date any unused sample or residues generated from the treatability study were returned to the generator or sample collector or, if sent to a designated TSD facility, the name of the TSD facility and its EPA/state identification number. (viii) The laboratory or testing facility keeps, on-site, a copy of the treatability study contract and all shipping papers associated with the transport of treatability study samples to and from the facility for a period ending three years from the completion date of each treatability study. (ix) The laboratory or testing facility prepares and submits a report to the department by March 15 of each year that estimates the number of studies and the amount of waste expected to be used in treatability studies during the current year, and includes the following information for the previous calendar year: (A) The name, address, and EPA/state identification number of the laboratory or testing facility conducting the treatability studies; (B) The types (by process) of treatability studies conducted; (C) The names and addresses of persons for whom studies have been conducted (including their EPA/state identification numbers); (D) The total quantity of waste in storage each day; (E) The quantity and types of waste subjected to treatability studies; (F) When each treatability study was conducted; (G) The final disposition of residues and unused sample from each treatability study. (x) The laboratory or testing facility determines whether any unused sample or residues generated by the treatability study are dangerous waste under WAC 173-303-070 and if so, are subject to the requirements of this chapter, unless the residues and unused samples are returned to the sample originator under the exemption in (r) of this subsection. (xi) The laboratory or testing facility notifies the department by letter when it is no longer planning to conduct any treatability studies at the site. (xii) The date the sample was received, or if the treatability study has been completed, the date of the treatability study, is marked and clearly visible for inspection on each container. (xiii) While being held on site, each container and tank is labeled or marked clearly with the words "dangerous waste" or "hazardous waste." Each container or tank must also be marked with a label or sign which identifies the major risk(s) associated with the waste in the container or tank for employees, emergency response personnel and the public. Note: If there is already a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state, or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate. (t) Petroleum-contaminated media and debris that fail the test for the toxicity characteristic of WAC 173-303-090(8) (dangerous waste numbers D018 through D043 only) and are subject to the corrective action regulations under 40 CFR Part 280. (u) Special incinerator ash (as defined in WAC 173-303-040). (v) Wood ash that would designate solely for corrosivity by WAC 173-303-090 (6)(a)(iii). For the purpose of this exclusion, wood ash means ash residue and emission control dust generated from the combustion of untreated wood, wood treated solely with creosote, and untreated wood fiber materials including, but not limited to, wood chips, saw dust, tree stumps, paper, cardboard, residuals from waste fiber recycling, deinking rejects, and associated wastewater treatment solids. This exclusion allows for the use of auxiliary fuels including, but not limited to, oils, gas, coal, and other fossil fuels in the combustion process. (w)(i) Spent wood preserving solutions that have been reclaimed and are reused for their original intended purpose; and (ii) Wastewaters from the wood preserving process that have been reclaimed and are reused to treat wood. (iii) Prior to reuse, the wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions described in (w)(i) and (ii) of this subsection, so long as they meet all of the following conditions: (A) The wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions are reused on-site at water borne plants in the production process for their original intended purpose; (B) Prior to reuse, the wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions are managed to prevent release to either land or ground water or both; (C) Any unit used to manage wastewaters and/or spent wood preserving solutions prior to reuse can be visually or otherwise determined to prevent such releases; (D) Any drip pad used to manage the wastewaters and/or spent wood preserving solutions prior to reuse complies with the standards in Part 265, Subpart W which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a), regardless of whether the plant generates a total of less than 220 pounds/month of dangerous waste; and (E) Prior to operating pursuant to this exclusion, the plant owner or operator submits to the department a one-time notification stating that the plant intends to claim the exclusion, giving the date on which the plant intends to begin operating under the exclusion, and containing the following language: "I have read the applicable regulation establishing an exclusion for wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions and understand it requires me to comply at all times with the conditions set out in the regulation." The plant must maintain a copy of that document in its on-site records for a period of no less than three years from the date specified in the notice. The exclusion applies only so long as the plant meets all of the conditions. If the plant goes out of compliance with any condition, it may apply to the department for reinstatement. The department may reinstate the exclusion upon finding that the plant has returned to compliance with all conditions and that violations are not likely to recur. (F) Additional reports. (I) Upon determination by the department that the storage of wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions in tanks and/or containers poses a threat to public health or the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to provide additional information regarding the integrity of structures and equipment used to store wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions. This authority applies to tanks and secondary containment systems used to store wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions in tanks and containers. The department's determination of a threat to public health or the environment may be based upon observations of factors that would contribute to spills or releases of wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions or the generation of hazardous by-products. Such observations may include, but are not limited to, leaks, severe corrosion, structural defects or deterioration (cracks, gaps, separation of joints), inability to completely inspect tanks or structures, or concerns about the age or design specification of tanks. (II) When required by the department, a qualified, independent professional engineer registered to practice in Washington state must perform the assessment of the integrity of tanks or secondary containment systems. (III) Requirement for facility repairs and improvements. If, upon evaluation of information obtained by the department under (w)(iii)(F)(I) of this subsection, it is determined that repairs or structural improvements are necessary in order to eliminate threats, the department may require the owner/operator to discontinue the use of the tank system or container storage unit and remove the wood preserving wastewaters and spent wood preserving solutions until such repairs or improvements are completed and approved by the department. (x) Nonwastewater splash condenser dross residue from the treatment of K061 in high temperature metals recovery units, provided it is shipped in drums (if shipped) and not land disposed before recovery. (y) Used oil filters that are recycled in accordance with WAC 173-303-120, as used oil and scrap metal. (z) Used oil re-refining distillation bottoms that are used as feedstock to manufacture asphalt products. (aa) Wastes that fail the test for the toxicity characteristic in WAC 173-303-090 because chromium is present or are listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082 due to the presence of chromium. The waste must not designate for any other characteristic under WAC 173-303-090, for any of the criteria specified in WAC 173-303-100, and must not be listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082 due to the presence of any constituent from WAC 173-303-9905 other than chromium. The waste generator must be able to demonstrate that: (i) The chromium in the waste is exclusively (or nearly exclusively) trivalent chromium; and (ii) The waste is generated from an industrial process that uses trivalent chromium exclusively (or nearly exclusively) and the process does not generate hexavalent chromium; and (iii) The waste is typically and frequently managed in nonoxidizing environments. (bb)(i) Nonwastewater residues, such as slag, resulting from high temperature metals recovery (HTMR) processing of K061, K062 or F006 waste, in units identified as rotary kilns, flame reactors, electric furnaces, plasma arc furnaces, slag reactors, rotary hearth furnace/electric furnace combinations or industrial furnaces (as defined in WAC 173-303-040 - blast furnaces, smelting, melting and refining furnaces, and other devices the department may add to the list - of the definition for "industrial furnace"), that are disposed in subtitle D units, provided that these residues meet the generic exclusion levels identified in the tables in this paragraph for all constituents, and exhibit no characteristics of dangerous waste. Testing requirements must be incorporated in a facility's waste analysis plan or a generator's self-implementing waste analysis plan; at a minimum, composite samples of residues must be collected and analyzed quarterly and/or when the process or operation generating the waste changes. Persons claiming this exclusion in an enforcement action will have the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the material meets all of the exclusion requirements. Constituent Maximum for any single composite sample-TCLP (mg/l) Generic exclusion levels for K061 and K062 nonwastewater HTMR residues Antimony 0.10 Arsenic 0.50 Barium 7.6 Beryllium 0.010 Cadmium 0.050 Chromium (total) 0.33 (2)Lead 0.15 Mercury 0.009 Nickel 1.0 Selenium 0.16 Silver 0.30 Thallium 0.020 Zinc 70 Generic exclusion levels for F006 nonwastewater HTMR residues Antimony 0.10 Arsenic 0.50 Barium 7.6 Beryllium 0.010 Cadmium 0.050 Chromium (total) 0.33 Cyanide (total) (mg/kg) 1.8 Lead 0.15 Mercury 0.009 Nickel 1.0 Selenium 0.16 Silver 0.30 Thallium 0.020 Zinc 70 (ii) A one-time notification and certification must be placed in the facility's files and sent to the department for K061, K062 or F006 HTMR residues that meet the generic exclusion levels for all constituents and do not exhibit any characteristics that are sent to subtitle D units. The notification and certification that is placed in the generator's or treater's files must be updated if the process or operation generating the waste changes and/or if the subtitle D unit receiving the waste changes. However, the generator or treater need only notify the department on an annual basis if such changes occur. Such notification and certification should be sent to the department by the end of the calendar year, but no later than December 31. The notification must include the following information: The name and address of the subtitle D unit receiving the waste shipments; the dangerous waste number(s) and treatability group(s) at the initial point of generation; and, the treatment standards applicable to the waste at the initial point of generation. The certification must be signed by an authorized representative and must state as follows: "I certify under penalty of law that the generic exclusion levels for all constituents have been met without impermissible dilution and that no characteristic of dangerous waste is exhibited. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting a false certification, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment." These wastes are not excluded if they exhibit one or more of the dangerous waste characteristics (WAC 173-303-090) or criteria (WAC 173-303-100). (cc)(i) Oil-bearing hazardous secondary materials (that is, sludges, by-products, or spent materials) that are generated at a petroleum refinery (NAICS code 324110) and are inserted into the petroleum refining process (NAICS code 324110 - including, but not limited to, distillation, catalytic cracking, fractionation, or thermal cracking units (that is, cokers)) unless the material is placed on the land, or speculatively accumulated before being so recycled. Materials inserted into thermal cracking units are excluded under this paragraph: Provided, That the coke product also does not exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste. Oil-bearing hazardous secondary materials may be inserted into the same petroleum refinery where they are generated, or sent directly to another petroleum refinery, and still be excluded under this provision. Except as provided in (cc)(ii) of this subsection, oil-bearing hazardous secondary materials generated elsewhere in the petroleum industry (that is, from sources other than petroleum refineries) are not excluded under this section. Residuals generated from processing or recycling materials excluded under this paragraph, where such materials as generated would have otherwise met a listing under WAC 173-303-081 and 173-303-082, are designated as F037 listed wastes when disposed of or intended for disposal. (ii) Recovered oil that is recycled in the same manner and with the same conditions as described in (cc)(i) of this subsection. Recovered oil is oil that has been reclaimed from secondary materials (including wastewater) generated from normal petroleum industry practices, including refining, exploration and production, bulk storage, and transportation incident thereto (NAICS codes 211111, 211112, 213111, 213112, 541360, 237120, 238910, 324110, 486110, 486910, 486210, 221210, 486210, 487110, 488210, 488999, 722310, 424710, 454311, 454312, 424720, 425110, 425120). Recovered oil does not include oil-bearing hazardous wastes listed in WAC 173-303-081 and 173-303-082; however, oil recovered from such wastes may be considered recovered oil. Recovered oil does not include used oil as defined in WAC 173-303-040. (dd) Dangerous waste Nos. K060, K087, K141, K142, K143, K144, K145, K147, and K148, and any wastes from the coke by-products processes that are dangerous only because they exhibit the toxicity characteristic (TC) specified in WAC 173-303-090(8) when, subsequent to generation, these materials are recycled to coke ovens, to the tar recovery process as a feedstock to produce coal tar, or mixed with coal tar prior to the tar's sale or refining. This exclusion is conditioned on there being no land disposal of the wastes from the point they are generated to the point they are recycled to coke ovens or tar recovery or refining processes, or mixed with coal tar. (ee) Biological treatment sludge from the treatment of one of the following wastes listed in WAC 173-303-9904 - organic waste (including heavy ends, still bottoms, light ends, spent solvents, filtrates, and decantates) from the production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes (Dangerous Waste No. K156), and wastewaters from the production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes (Dangerous Waste No. K157) unless it exhibits one or more of the characteristics or criteria of dangerous waste. (ff) Excluded scrap metal (processed scrap metal, unprocessed home scrap metal, and unprocessed prompt scrap metal) being recycled. (gg) Shredded circuit boards being recycled: Provided, That they are: (i) Stored in containers sufficient to prevent a release to the environment prior to recovery; and (ii) Free of mercury switches, mercury relays and nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries. (hh) Petrochemical recovered oil from an associated organic chemical manufacturing facility, where the oil is to be inserted into the petroleum refining process (NAICS code 324110) along with normal petroleum refinery process streams, provided: (i) The oil is hazardous only because it exhibits the characteristic of ignitability (as defined in WAC 173-303-090(5) and/or toxicity for benzene (WAC 173-303-090(8), waste code D018); and (ii) The oil generated by the organic chemical manufacturing facility is not placed on the land, or speculatively accumulated before being recycled into the petroleum refining process. An "associated organic chemical manufacturing facility" is a facility where the primary NAICS code is 325110, 325120, 325188, 325192, 325193, or 325199, but where operations may also include NAICS codes 325211, 325212, 325110, 325132, 325192; and is physically colocated with a petroleum refinery; and where the petroleum refinery to which the oil being recycled is returned also provides hydrocarbon feedstocks to the organic chemical manufacturing facility. "Petrochemical recovered oil" is oil that has been reclaimed from secondary materials (that is, sludges, by-products, or spent materials, including wastewater) from normal organic chemical manufacturing operations, as well as oil recovered from organic chemical manufacturing processes. (ii) Spent caustic solutions from petroleum refining liquid treating processes used as a feedstock to produce cresylic or naphthenic acid unless the material is placed on the land, or accumulated speculatively as defined in WAC 173-303-016(5). (jj) Catalyst inert support media separated from one of the following wastes listed in WAC 173-303-9904 Specific Sources - Spent hydrotreating catalyst (EPA Hazardous Waste No. K171), and Spent hydrorefining catalyst (EPA Hazardous Waste No. K172). These wastes are not excluded if they exhibit one or more of the dangerous waste characteristics or criteria. (kk) Leachate or gas condensate collected from landfills where certain solid wastes have been disposed: Provided, That: (i) The solid wastes disposed would meet one or more of the listing descriptions for Hazardous Waste Codes K169, K170, K171, K172, K174, K175, K176, K177, and K178 if these wastes had been generated after the effective date of the listing; (ii) The solid wastes described in (kk)(i) of this subsection were disposed prior to the effective date of the listing; (iii) The leachate or gas condensate does not exhibit any characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste nor is derived from any other listed hazardous waste; (iv) Discharge of the leachate or gas condensate, including leachate or gas condensate transferred from the landfill to a POTW by truck, rail, or dedicated pipe, is subject to regulation under sections 307(b) or 402 of the Clean Water Act. (v) As of February 13, 2001, leachate or gas condensate derived from K169 - K172 is no longer exempt if it is stored or managed in a surface impoundment prior to discharge. After November 21, 2003, leachate or gas condensate derived from K176, K177, and K178 will no longer be exempt if it is stored or managed in a surface impoundment prior to discharge. There is one exception: If the surface impoundment is used to temporarily store leachate or gas condensate in response to an emergency situation (for example, shutdown of wastewater treatment system): Provided, That the impoundment has a double liner, and: Provided further, That the leachate or gas condensate is removed from the impoundment and continues to be managed in compliance with the conditions of this paragraph after the emergency ends. (ll) Dredged material. Dredged material as defined in 40 CFR 232.2 that is subject to: (i) The requirements of a permit that has been issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or an approved state under section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1344); (ii) The requirements of a permit that has been issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1413); or (iii) In the case of a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers civil works project, the administrative equivalent of the permits referred to in (ll)(i) and (ii) of this subsection, as provided for in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regulations, including, for example, 33 CFR 336.1, 336.2 and 337.3. (mm) Condensates derived from the overhead gases from kraft mill steam strippers that are used to comply with 40 CFR 63.446(e). The exemption applies only to combustion at the mill generating the condensates. (nn)(i) Controlled substances, legend drugs, and over-the-counter drugs that are state-only dangerous wastes. (A) Controlled substances as defined and regulated by chapter 69.50 RCW (Schedule I through V); (B) Legend drugs as defined and regulated by chapter 69.41 RCW; and (C) Over-the-counter drugs as defined and regulated by chapter 69.60 RCW. (ii) Controlled substances, legend drugs, and over-the-counter drugs that are held in the custody of law enforcement agencies or possessed by any licensee as defined and regulated by chapter 69.50 RCW or Title 18 RCW and authorized to possess drugs within the state of Washington are excluded, provided the drugs are disposed of by incineration in a controlled combustion unit with a heat input rate greater than 250 million British thermal units/hour, a combustion zone temperature greater than 1500 degrees Fahrenheit, or a facility permitted to incinerate municipal solid waste. (iii) For the purposes of this exclusion the term "drugs" means: (A) Articles recognized in the official United States pharmacopoeia or the official homeopathic pharmacopoeia of the United States; (B) Substances intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals; or (C) Substances (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals, as defined in RCW 18.64.011(3). (Note: RCW 18.64.011 (3)(d) is intentionally not included in the definition of drugs for this exclusion.) (iv) When possessed by any licensee the term drugs used in this exclusion means finished drug products. (oo) Reserve. (pp) Zinc fertilizers made from hazardous wastes provided that: (i) The fertilizers meet the following contaminant limits: (A) For metal contaminants: Maximum Allowable Total Concentration Constituent in Fertilizer, per Unit (1%) of Zinc (ppm) Arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 Cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Chromium . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 (B) For dioxin contaminants the fertilizer must contain no more than eight parts per trillion of dioxin, measured as toxic equivalent (TEQ). (ii) The manufacturer performs sampling and analysis of the fertilizer product to determine compliance with the contaminant limits for metals no less than every six months, and for dioxins no less than every twelve months. Testing must also be performed whenever changes occur to manufacturing processes or ingredients that could significantly affect the amounts of contaminants in the fertilizer product. The manufacturer may use any reliable analytical method to demonstrate that no constituent of concern is present in the product at concentrations above the applicable limits. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure that the sampling and analysis are unbiased, precise, and representative of the product(s) introduced into commerce. (iii) The manufacturer maintains for no less than three years records of all sampling and analyses performed for purposes of determining compliance with the requirements of (pp)(ii) of this subsection. Such records must at a minimum include: (A) The dates and times product samples were taken, and the dates the samples were analyzed; (B) The names and qualifications of the person(s) taking the samples; (C) A description of the methods and equipment used to take the samples; (D) The name and address of the laboratory facility at which analyses of the samples were performed; (E) A description of the analytical methods used, including any cleanup and sample preparation methods; and (F) All laboratory analytical results used to determine compliance with the contaminant limits specified in this subsection (3)(pp). (qq) Debris. Provided the debris does not exhibit a characteristic identified in WAC 173-303-090, the following materials are not subject to regulation under this chapter: (i) Hazardous debris that has been treated using one of the required extraction or destruction technologies specified in Table 1 of 40 CFR section 268.45, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a); persons claiming this exclusion in an enforcement action will have the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the material meets all of the exclusion requirements; or (ii) Debris that the department, considering the extent of contamination, has determined is no longer contaminated with hazardous waste. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-071, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-071, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-071, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018, (Order 97-03), § 173-303-071, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-071, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-12-018 (Order 93-34), § 173-303-071, filed 5/23/94, effective 6/23/94; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-071, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-071, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-071, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-071, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-071, filed 6/3/86; 85-09-042 (Order DE-85-02), § 173-303-071, filed 4/15/85; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-071, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-071, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-072 Procedures and bases for exempting and excluding wastes. (1) Purpose and applicability. (a) The purpose of this section is to describe the procedures that will be followed by generators and the department when wastes are considered for exemption or exclusion from the requirements of this chapter. Any person(s) whose waste is exempted or excluded will not be subject to the requirements of this chapter unless the department revokes the exemption or exclusion. (b) Any person seeking a waste exemption must submit a petition to the department according to the procedures of WAC 173-303-910(3). A petition for exemption will be assessed against the applicable bases for exemption described in subsections (3), (4), and (5) of this section. (c) Any persons seeking to categorically exclude a class of wastes must submit a petition to the department according to the procedures of WAC 173-303-910(4). A petition for exclusion will be assessed against the applicable bases for exclusion described in subsection (6) of this section. (2) Department procedures. When considering, granting, or denying a petition for exemption or exclusion, the department will follow the appropriate procedures described in WAC 173-303-910(1). (3) Bases for exempting wastes. To successfully petition the department to exempt a waste, the petitioner must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that: (a) He has been able to accurately describe the variability or uniformity of his waste over time, and has been able to obtain demonstration samples which are representative of his waste's variability or uniformity; and, either (b) The representative demonstration samples of his waste are not designated DW or EHW by the dangerous waste criteria, WAC 173-303-100; or (c) It can be shown, from information developed by the petitioner through consultation with the department, that his waste does not otherwise pose a threat to public health or the environment. However, this basis for exemption is not applicable to wastes that exhibit any of the characteristics specified in WAC 173-303-090, except 173-303-090 (6)(a)(iii). (4) Additional bases for exempting listed wastes. In addition to the demonstrations required by subsections (3)(a) and (b) of this section, for wastes listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082 the petitioner must also demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that his waste is not capable of posing a substantial present or potential threat to public health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of or otherwise managed. The following factors will be considered by the department when assessing such a demonstration: (a) Whether or not the listed waste contains the constituent or constituents which caused it to be listed. (For the purposes of this subsection, the constituents referred to will include any of the dangerous waste constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905); (b) The nature of the threat posed by the waste constituent(s); (c) The concentration of the constituent(s) in the waste; (d) The potential of the constituent(s) or any degradation product of the constituent(s) to migrate from the waste into the environment under the types of improper management considered in (h) of this subsection; (e) The persistence of the constituent(s) or any degradation product of the constituent(s); (f) The potential for the constituent(s) or any degradation product of the constituent(s) to degrade into nonharmful constituents and the rate of degradation; (g) The degree to which the constituent(s) or degradation product of the constituent(s) bioaccumulates in ecosystems; (h) The plausible types of improper management to which the waste could be subjected; (i) The quantities of the waste generated at individual generation sites or on a statewide basis. Under this factor, the department will also consider whether or not the waste is listed under WAC 173-303-081 as a discarded chemical product and occurs in a relatively pure form. Any waste discarded chemical product which exceeds the quantity exclusion limit specified in WAC 173-303-081(2) for that waste will not be exempted; (j) The nature and severity of the public health and environmental damage that has occurred as a result of the improper management of wastes containing the constituent(s); (k) Actions taken by other governmental agencies or regulatory programs based on the health or environmental threat posed by the waste or waste constituent(s); and (l) Such other factors as may be appropriate. (5) Reserve. (6) Bases for categorically excluding classes of wastes. This subsection does not apply to any waste class that includes hazardous waste regulated under 40 CFR Part 261. To successfully petition the department to categorically exclude a class of wastes, petitioners must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the petition or petitions for exclusion: (a) Accurately describe the class of wastes for which categorical exclusion is sought and show that the class of wastes does not include any wastes which would be regulated as hazardous waste under 40 CFR Part 261; (b) Describe the variability or uniformity of the class of wastes over time and in relation to the individual wastes that comprise the class of waste; (c) Discuss the generators and their individual wastes that belong to the class of wastes and, to the extent practical, any generators or individual wastes that, although belonging to the class of wastes, are not represented by the petition or petitions; and (d) For each individual waste within the class of wastes, provide the demonstration described by subsection (3) of this section, except that where it is determined by consultation with the department to be impractical to provide the demonstration for each individual waste, the petitioner or petitioners will provide the demonstration for samples of the individual wastes determined by consultation with the department to be representative of the class of wastes. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-072, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-072, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-072, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-072, filed 6/27/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-073 Conditional exclusion of special wastes. (1) Purpose. Special wastes pose a relatively low hazard to human health and the environment. The department believes that special wastes can be safely managed with a level of protection that is intermediate between dangerous and nondangerous solid wastes. This section establishes a conditional exclusion for the management of special wastes. (2) Exclusion. Special wastes are excluded from the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC, except for WAC 173-303-050; 173-303-060; 173-303-140 (4)(c); 173-303-145; 173-303-960; and 173-303-510 excluding subsections (4)(a), (4)(b)(iii), (5), (6)(c), and (6)(d). In addition, special waste must be treated as dangerous waste for purposes of pollution prevention planning as required in chapters 173-307 and 173-305 WAC. Special wastes will not be considered as dangerous waste, provided they are managed in accordance with the standards in this subsection and provided they are disposed, legitimately recycled, or treated on-site consistent with the requirements of WAC 173-303-170 (3)(c). (a) Generators may not accumulate special waste on-site for more than one hundred eighty days from the date the quantity of waste exceeds two thousand two hundred pounds. The generator must keep a written record showing the dates when accumulation of the wastes began; (b) During accumulation, special waste must be stored in a manner to prevent releases to the environment. This includes, but is not limited to, storing wastes in compatible containers, on impermeable surfaces, or in secondary containment structures, etc.; (c) Facilities that receive special waste for recycling must meet the requirements of (b) of this subsection and store special wastes for no more than one hundred eighty days. (d) All workers handling special wastes must be informed of the waste's potential hazard, either through worker training, health and safety plans, or notification of workers on a case-by-case basis; (e) Special wastes must be transported directly from their site of generation to any off-site recycling, treatment, or disposal destination. The wastes must not pass through any intermediate solid waste processing facility, such as a transfer station, unless: (i) The transfer station operator has made specific provisions for managing special waste by physical segregation, packing, or other means to ensure that workers and the public are not exposed to the waste stream at the transfer station; (ii) The provisions are reflected in the facilities operating plans; (iii) The plans have been approved by the transfer station's solid waste permitting authority; and (iv) The transfer station operator has informed workers of the wastes' potential hazard according to (d) of this subsection; (f) A document must accompany special waste during transit which identifies the type and amount of special waste, its place of origin, the identity of the generator, and the facility to which it is directed. An example form is provided in WAC 173-303-9906. The generator and the receiving facility must maintain a record of the facilities receipt of the special waste for at least five years; (g) Disposal of special waste must be in landfill units which: (i) Are permitted in accordance with chapter 173-351 WAC, provided that an engineered liner is used to meet the requirements of arid landfill design requirements, WAC 173-351-300 (2)(b), or are permitted under WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840 or if out-of-state under 40 CFR Part 258 or Part 270; and (ii) Are not currently undergoing corrective action under WAC 173-351-440(6), 40 CFR 258.56, or a similar requirement in state regulations approved by the United States EPA pursuant to 42 USC 6945 (c)(1)(B). (3) Reserve. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-073, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-073, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-073, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-075 Certification of designation. (1) Purpose and applicability. (a) The purpose of WAC 173-303-075 is to establish procedures by which the generator of a solid waste may apply to the department for a review of his waste, and for a determination of the designation of his waste. When a final determination is made, the department will issue a certificate of designation which will describe the status of the generator's waste with respect to the designation requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC. (b) The provisions of this section are applicable to any person who produces a solid waste, who may be subject to the requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC as the generator of a dangerous waste and who wishes to obtain a certificate designating the status of his waste. (2) Certification. Any person who produces a solid waste which could be a dangerous waste may apply to the department, in accordance with the guidelines published pursuant to WAC 173-303-075(4), for a certificate of designation for his waste. (a) The certificate of designation will describe the status of the designation for a waste or wastes as follows: (i) Either, the certificate will state that the waste or wastes listed in the certificate are designated dangerous waste; or (ii) The certificate will state that the waste or wastes listed in the certificate are not designated dangerous waste under the designation lists or characteristics of WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-090; or (iii) The certificate will state that the waste or wastes listed in the certificate are not designated dangerous waste under the dangerous waste lists, characteristics or criteria, WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100. (b) The certificate of designation will, at a minimum, include the following information: (i) The name, address, telephone number and, where applicable, the EPA/state identification number of the person to whom the certificate is issued; (ii) A statement of the status of the designation of the waste or wastes listed in the certificate and, if designated, whether DW or EHW; (iii) A listing of the waste or wastes for which the certificate has been issued; (iv) The signature of the director or his designee; (v) The date on which the certificate was issued; and (vi) The period of time or conditions for which the certificate is valid. (c) Once a certificate of designation has been issued to a person, that person is no longer subject to the designation procedures of WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100, unless the period of time for which the certificate is valid expires, the conditions under which the certificate is valid change, or the department withdraws its certification of designation in accordance with WAC 173-303-075(5). If the certificate states that the waste or wastes listed in it are designated, then the person to whom the certificate is issued must comply with all applicable requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC. If the certificate states that the waste or wastes listed in it are not designated, then the person to whom the certificate is issued is not subject to the requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC, unless the certificate becomes invalid or the department withdraws its certification. (d) While an application for a certificate of designation is pending final action by the department, the person applying for certification must comply with all applicable requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC. (e) While a certificate of designation is being amended, in accordance with WAC 173-303-075(5), the certificate will remain in effect except for those parts of the certificate which the department specifically suspends. (3) Designation. Determination of the status of designation for a waste or wastes for which a certificate of designation is being sought will follow the procedures set forth in this subsection. (a) A waste will be certified as a dangerous waste if it is designated under any of the methods set forth in WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100. (b) A waste will be certified as not a dangerous waste if: (i) It has only been checked against WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-090 (lists and characteristics) and it is not designated; or (ii) It has been checked against the dangerous waste lists, characteristics and criteria, WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100, and it is not designated. (4) Application. Any person who wishes to apply for a certificate of designation must do so according to the certification guidelines published by and available from the department. The department will follow the procedures specified in the certification guidelines when considering an application for a certificate. (5) Review of certification. Review of and changes to or withdrawal of certificates of designation will be performed by the department according to the procedures specified in the certification guidelines, available from the department. At a minimum, the certification guidelines provide for the following procedures: (a) The department will periodically review each certificate of designation to insure that it is current and accurately states the proper designation for the waste or wastes listed on the certificate. (b) The department may amend, or any person with a certificate of designation may request the department to amend, any certificate in the event that changes to the certificate are necessary to keep it current or maintain its accuracy. The person will obtain concurrence of the department if he wishes to amend his certificate to reflect changes in the information on the certificate (e.g., new wastes, changes in waste properties, changes of address, etc.). (c) The department reserves the authority to withdraw any certificate of designation if there is reason to believe that the certificate results in a threat to public health or the environment. If a certificate is withdrawn, then the waste or wastes listed on the certificate will be subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-075, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-075, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-075, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-075, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-077 Requirements for universal waste. The wastes listed in this section are exempt from regulation under WAC 173-303-140, 173-303-170 through 173-303-9907 (except for WAC 173-303-960), and except as specified in WAC 173-303-573, and therefore are not fully regulated as dangerous waste. The wastes listed in this section are subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-573: (1) Batteries as described in WAC 173-303-573(2); (2) Thermostats as described in WAC 173-303-573(3); (3) Mercury-containing equipment as described in WAC 173-303-573(4); and (4) Lamps as described in WAC 173-303-573(5). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-077, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-077, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-077, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-080 Dangerous waste lists. The dangerous waste lists include: (1) WAC 173-303-081, Discarded chemical products; (2) WAC 173-303-082, Dangerous waste sources. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-080, filed 1/4/89. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-080, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-081 Discarded chemical products. (1) A waste will be designated as a dangerous waste if it is handled in any of the manners described in (e) of this subsection, and if it is a residue from the management of: (a) A commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which has the generic name listed in the discarded chemical products list, WAC 173-303-9903; (b) An off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which if it had met specifications would have the generic name listed in the discarded chemical products list, WAC 173-303-9903; (c) Any containers, inner liners, or residue remaining in a container or in an inner liner removed from a container that has held any commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate that has, or any off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which if it had met specifications would have, the generic name listed on the "P" or "U" discarded chemical products list of WAC 173-303-9903, unless the containers or inner liners are empty as described in WAC 173-303-160(2); (d) Any residue or contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill of a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which has, or of an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which if it had met specifications would have, the generic name listed in the discarded chemical products list, WAC 173-303-9903; (e) The materials or items described in (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this subsection are dangerous wastes when they are: (i) Discarded or intended to be discarded as described in WAC 173-303-016 (3)(b)(i); (ii) Burned for purposes of energy recovery in lieu of their original intended use; (iii) Used to produce fuels in lieu of their original intended use; (iv) Applied to the land in lieu of their original intended use; or (v) Contained in products that are applied to the land in lieu of their original intended use. (2) Quantity exclusion limits: (a) A person with a waste or wastes (including residues from the management of wastes) identified in subsection (1) of this section, will be a dangerous waste generator (and may not be considered a small quantity generator as provided in WAC 173-303-070(8)) if the amount of his waste exceeds the following quantity exclusion limits: (i) For chemicals designated on the "P" discarded chemical products list of WAC 173-303-9903 - 2.2 lbs. (1.0 kg) per month or per batch. Such wastes are designated DW and are identified as acute hazardous wastes; (ii) For chemicals, and for residues from the cleanup of spills involving chemicals, designated on the "U" discarded chemical products list of WAC 173-303-9903 - 220 lbs. (100 kg) per month or per batch. Such wastes are designated DW; (iii) For containers or inner liners which held any chemical designated on the "P" discarded chemical products list of WAC 173-303-9903 - 2.2 lbs. (1.0 kg) of residue remaining in the containers or inner liners per month or per batch unless the containers or inner liners meet the definition of empty and have been triple rinsed as described in WAC 173-303-160(2). Such wastes are designated DW and are identified as acute hazardous wastes; (iv) For residues, contaminated soil, water, or other debris from the cleanup of a spill of any chemical designated on the "P" discarded chemical products list of WAC 173-303-9903 - 220 lbs. (100 kg) per month or per batch. Such wastes are designated DW and are identified as acute hazardous wastes. (b) A person's total monthly waste quantity is the sum of all their wastes which share a common quantity exclusion limit (e.g., the total quantity of all discarded chemical products with a 2.2 pound QEL, the total quantity of all residues contaminated by discarded chemical products with a 2.2 pound QEL, etc.) which were generated during a month or a batch operation at each specific waste generation site. (3) Dangerous waste numbers and mixtures. A waste that has been designated as a discarded chemical product dangerous waste must be assigned the dangerous waste number or numbers listed in WAC 173-303-9903 next to the generic chemical or chemicals that caused the waste to be designated. A mixture of a solid waste with a waste that would be designated as a discarded chemical product under this section must be designated. The mixture designation is the same as the designation for the discarded chemical product that was mixed with the solid waste unless it has been excluded under WAC 173-303-070 (2)(c). For example, a mixture containing 2.2 lbs. (1 kg) of Aldrin (dangerous waste number P004, DW designation, QEL of 2.2 lbs.) and 22 lbs. (10 kg) of a solid waste, would be designated DW, and identified as acute hazardous waste. The mixture would have the dangerous waste number P004. (4) Reserve. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-081, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-081, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-081, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-081, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-081, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-081, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-081, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-081, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-082 Dangerous waste sources. (1) The dangerous waste sources list appears in WAC 173-303-9904. Any waste that is listed or is a residue from the management of a waste listed on the dangerous waste sources list must be designated a dangerous waste, and identified as DW. (2) Quantity exclusion limit. A person whose waste is listed in WAC 173-303-9904 (including residues from the management of such wastes) is a dangerous waste generator (and may not be considered a small quantity generator as provided in WAC 173-303-070(8)) if the amount of his waste exceeds the following quantity exclusion limits: (a) 2.2 lbs. (1 kg) per month or per batch for wastes listed with the dangerous waste numbers F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027. These wastes are designated DW and identified as acute hazardous wastes; (b) 220 lbs. (100 kg) per month or per batch of any residue or contaminated soil, waste or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into or on any land or water of a waste listed in (a) of this subsection, or of an acute hazardous waste listed in WAC 173-303-9904 under specific sources ("K" wastes). Note: Acute hazardous K listed wastes are followed by an "H." These wastes are designated DW and identified as acute hazardous wastes; or (c) 220 lbs. (100 kg) per month or per batch for all other wastes. (3) Care should be taken in the proper designation of these wastes and of mixtures of these wastes and solid wastes. A mixture of a solid waste with a waste that would be designated as a dangerous waste source under this section must be designated as a dangerous waste source unless it has been excluded under WAC 173-303-070 (2)(c). The mixture has the same designation (DW), and the same dangerous waste number as the dangerous waste source which was mixed with the solid waste. (4) 40 CFR Part 261 Appendix VII Basis for Listing Hazardous Waste is adopted by reference. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-082, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-082, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-082, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-082, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-082, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-082, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-082, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-082, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-083 Deletion of certain dangerous waste codes following equipment cleaning and replacement. (1) Wastes from wood preserving processes at plants that do not resume or initiate use of chlorophenolic preservatives will not meet the listing definition of F032 once the generator has met all of the requirements of subsections (2) and (3) of this section. These wastes may, however, continue to meet another dangerous waste listing description or may exhibit one or more of the dangerous waste characteristics. (2) Generators must either clean or replace all process equipment that may have come into contact with chlorophenolic formulations or constituents thereof, including, but not limited to, treatment cylinders, sumps, tanks, piping systems, drip pads, fork lifts, and trams, in a manner that minimizes or eliminates the escape of dangerous waste or constituents, leachate, contaminated drippage, or dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground water, surface water, or atmosphere. (a) Generators will do one of the following: (i) Prepare and follow an equipment cleaning plan and clean equipment in accordance with this section; (ii) Prepare and follow an equipment replacement plan and replace equipment in accordance with this section; or (iii) Document cleaning and replacement in accordance with this section, carried out after termination of use of chlorophenolic preservatives. (b) Cleaning requirements. (i) Prepare and sign a written equipment cleaning plan that describes: (A) The equipment to be cleaned; (B) How the equipment will be cleaned; (C) The solvent to be used in cleaning; (D) How solvent rinses will be tested; and (E) How cleaning residues will be disposed. (ii) Equipment must be cleaned as follows: (A) Remove all visible residues from process equipment; (B) Rinse process equipment with an appropriate solvent until dioxins and dibenzofurans are not detected in the final solvent rinse. (iii) Analytical requirements. (A) Rinses must be tested in accordance with SW-846, Method 8290. (B) "Not detected" means at or below the lower method calibration limit (MCL) in Method 8290, Table 1. (iv) The generator must manage all residues from the cleaning process as F032 waste. (c) Replacement requirements. (i) Prepare and sign a written equipment replacement plan that describes: (A) The equipment to be replaced; (B) How the equipment will be replaced; and (C) How the equipment will be disposed. (ii) The generator must manage the discarded equipment as F032 waste. (d) Documentation requirements. Document that previous equipment cleaning and/or replacement was performed in accordance with this section and occurred after cessation of use of chlorophenolic preservatives. (3) The generator must maintain the following records documenting the cleaning and replacement as part of the facility's operating record: (a) The name and address of the facility; (b) Formulations previously used and the date on which their use ceased in each process at the plant; (c) Formulations currently used in each process at the plant; (d) The equipment cleaning or replacement plan; (e) The name and address of any persons who conducted the cleaning and replacement; (f) The dates on which cleaning and replacement were accomplished; (g) The dates of sampling and testing; (h) A description of the sample handling and preparation techniques, including techniques used for extraction, containerization, preservation, and chain-of-custody of the samples; (i) A description of the tests performed, the date the tests were performed, and the results of the tests; (j) The name and model numbers of the instrument(s) used in performing the tests; (k) QA/QC documentation; and (l) The following statement signed by the generator or his authorized representative: I certify under penalty of law that all process equipment required to be cleaned or replaced under WAC 173-303-083 was cleaned or replaced as represented in the equipment cleaning and replacement plan and accompanying documentation. I am aware that there are significant penalties for providing false information, including the possibility of fine or imprisonment. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-083, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-083, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-083, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-084 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-084, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-084, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-084, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-084, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-084, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-084, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-090 Dangerous waste characteristics. (1) Purpose. The purpose of this section is to set forth characteristics which a solid waste might exhibit and which would cause that waste to be a dangerous waste. (2) Representative samples. The department will consider a sample obtained using any of the applicable sampling methods described in WAC 173-303-110(2), sampling and testing methods, to be a representative sample. (3) Equivalent test methods. The testing methods specified in this section are the only acceptable methods, unless the department approves an equivalent test method in accordance with WAC 173-303-910(2). (4) Quantity exclusion limit. A solid waste is a dangerous waste if it exhibits one or more of the dangerous waste characteristics described in subsections (5), (6), (7), and (8) of this section. If a person's solid waste exhibits one or more of these characteristics, then he or she is a dangerous waste generator (and may not be considered a small quantity generator as provided in WAC 173-303-070(8)) if the quantity of their waste exceeds 220 lbs. (100 kg) per month or per batch. (5) Characteristic of ignitability. (a) A solid waste exhibits the characteristic of ignitability if a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties: (i) It is a liquid, other than an aqueous solution containing less than 24 percent alcohol by volume, and has a flash point less than 60 degrees C (140 degrees F), as determined by a Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, using the test method specified in ASTM Standard D-93-79 or D-93-80, or a Setaflash Closed Cup Tester, using the test method specified in ASTM Standard D-3278-78; (ii) It is not a liquid and is capable, under standard temperature and pressure, of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous chemical changes and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard; (iii) It is an ignitable compressed gas that is defined in 49 CFR 173.115 and is determined to be flammable by the test methods described in that regulation; or, (iv) It is an oxidizer, if it is defined as such in 49 CFR 173.127. (b) A solid waste that exhibits the characteristic of ignitability must be designated DW, and assigned the dangerous waste number of D001. (6) Characteristic of corrosivity. (a) A solid waste exhibits the characteristic of corrosivity if a representative sample of the waste has any one or more of the following properties: (i) It is aqueous and has a pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5, as determined by a pH meter using Method 9040 in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods," EPA Publication SW-846, as incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a); (ii) It is liquid and corrodes steel (SAE 1020) at a rate greater than 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) per year at a test temperature of 55 degrees C (130 degrees F) as determined by the test method specified in NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) Standard TM-01-69 as standardized in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods," EPA Publication SW-846, as incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a); or (iii) It is solid or semisolid which, upon testing using Method 9045 in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods" (SW 846), results in a pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5. (b) A solid waste that exhibits the characteristic of corrosivity because: (i) It has either of the properties described in (a)(i) or (ii) of this subsection will be designated DW, and assigned the dangerous waste number of D002; (ii) It only has the property described in (a)(iii) of this subsection will be designated DW, and assigned the dangerous waste number of WSC2. (7) Characteristic of reactivity. (a) A solid waste exhibits the characteristic of reactivity if a representative sample of the waste has any of the following properties: (i) It is normally unstable and readily undergoes violent change without detonating; (ii) It reacts violently with water; (iii) It forms potentially explosive mixtures with water; (iv) When mixed with water, it generates toxic gases, vapors or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment; (v) It is a cyanide or sulfide bearing waste which, when exposed to pH conditions between 2 and 12.5 can generate toxic gases, vapors or fumes in a quantity sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment; (vi) It is capable of detonation or explosive reaction if it is subjected to a strong initiating source or if heated under confinement; (vii) It is readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure; or (viii) It is a forbidden explosive as defined in 49 CFR 173.54, or a Class 1 explosive, Division 1.1, Division 1.2, Division 1.3, and Division 1.5, as defined in 49 CFR 173.50. (b) A solid waste that exhibits the characteristic of reactivity must be designated DW, and assigned the dangerous waste number of D003. (8) Toxicity characteristic. (a) A solid waste exhibits the characteristic of toxicity if, using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), test Method 1311 in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods," EPA Publication SW-846, as incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a), the extract from a representative sample of the waste contains any of the contaminants listed in the toxicity characteristic list in (c) of this subsection, at concentrations equal to or greater than the respective value given in the list. When the waste contains less than 0.5 percent filterable solids, the waste itself, after filtering using the methodology outlined in Method 1311, is considered to be the extract for the purpose of this subsection. (b) A solid waste that exhibits the toxicity characteristic has the dangerous waste number specified in the list which corresponds to the toxic contaminant causing it to be dangerous. (c) Toxicity characteristic list. Any waste that contains contaminants which occur at concentrations at or above the DW threshold must be designated DW. TOXICITY CHARACTERISTICS LIST: Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for the Toxicity Characteristic Dangerous Waste Number Contaminant (Chemical Abstracts Services #) DW (mg/L) D004 Arsenic (7440-38-2) 5.0 D005 Barium (7440-39-3) 100.0 D018 Benzene (71-43-2) 0.5 D006 Cadmium (7440-43-9) 1.0 D019 Carbon tetrachloride (56-23-5) 0.5 D020 Chlordane (57-74-9) 0.03 D021 Chlorobenzene (108-90-7) 100.0 D022 Chloroform (67-66-3) 6.0 D007 Chromium (7440-47-3) 5.0 D023 o-Cresol (95-48-7) /1/ 200.0 D024 m-Cresol (108-39-4) /1/ 200.0 D025 p-Cresol (106-44-5) /1/ 200.0 D026 Cresol /1/ 200.0 D016 2,4-D (94-75-7) 10.0 D027 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (106-46-7) 7.5 D028 1,2-Dichloroethane (107-06-2) 0.5 D029 1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4) 0.7 D030 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (121-14-2) /2/ 0.13 D012 Endrin (72-20-8) 0.02 D031 Heptachlor (and its epoxide) (76-44-8) 0.008 D032 Hexachlorobenzene (118-74-1) /2/ 0.13 D033 Hexachlorobutadiene (87-68-3) 0.5 D034 Hexachloroethane (67-72-1) 3.0 D008 Lead (7439-92-1) 5.0 D013 Lindane (58-89-9) 0.4 D009 Mercury (7439-97-6) 0.2 D014 Methoxychlor (72-43-5) 10.0 D035 Methyl ethyl ketone (78-93-3) 200.0 D036 Nitrobenzene (98-95-3) 2.0 D037 Pentachlorophenol (87-86-5) 100.0 D038 Pyridine (110-86-1) /2/ 5.0 D010 Selenium (7782-49-2) 1.0 D011 Silver (7440-22-4) 5.0 D039 Tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) 0.7 D015 Toxaphene (8001-35-2) 0.5 D040 Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) 0.5 D041 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (95-95-4) 400.0 D042 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (88-06-2) 2.0 D017 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) (93-72-1) 1.0 D043 Vinyl chloride (75-01-4) 0.2 /1/ If 0-, m-, and p-Cresol concentrations cannot be differentiated, the total cresol (D026) concentration is used. /2/ At the time the TC rule was adopted, the quantitation limit was greater than the calculated regulatory level. The quantitation limit therefore became the regulatory level. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-090, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-090, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-090, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-090, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-090, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-090, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-090, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-090, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-090, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-100 Dangerous waste criteria. (1) Purpose. The purpose of this section is to describe methods for determining if a solid waste is a dangerous waste by the criteria set forth in this section. The dangerous waste criteria consist of: (a) Toxic dangerous wastes; and (b) Persistent dangerous wastes. (2) References. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS), Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is adopted by reference. (3) A person must use data which is available to him, and, when such data is inadequate for the purposes of this section, must refer to the NIOSH RTECS to determine: (a) Toxicity data or toxic category for each known constituent in the waste; (b) Whether or not each known constituent of the waste is a halogenated organic compound or a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as defined in WAC 173-303-040. (4) Quantity exclusion limit. A solid waste is a dangerous waste if it meets one or more of the dangerous waste criteria described in subsections (5) and (6) of this section. If a person's solid waste meets one or more of these criteria then he or she is a dangerous waste generator (and may not be considered a small quantity generator as provided in WAC 173-303-070(8)) if the quantity of the waste exceeds the following quantity exclusion limits: (a) For toxic dangerous wastes designated as EHW (WT01), the quantity exclusion limit is 2.2 lbs. per month. (b) For all other wastes designating under this section the quantity exclusion limit is 220 lbs. (100 kg) per month or per batch. (5) Toxicity criteria. Except as provided in WAC 173-303-070 (4) or (5), a person must determine if a solid waste meets the toxicity criteria under this section by following either the instructions for book designation, when his knowledge of the waste is sufficient, or by testing the waste using the biological testing methods adopted under WAC 173-303-110(3). (a) Except as provided in WAC 173-303-070(4), if a person knows only some of the toxic constituents in the waste or only some of the constituent concentrations, and if the waste is undesignated for those known constituents or concentrations, then the waste is not designated for toxicity under this subsection. (b) Book designation procedure. A person may determine if a waste meets the toxicity criteria by following the book designation instructions as follows: (i) A person must determine the toxic category for each known constituent. The toxic category for each constituent may be determined from available data, including the NIOSH RTECS, and checking this data against the toxic category table, below. If data are available for more than one of the test endpoints (fish, oral, inhalation, or dermal), then the data indicating severest toxicity must be used, and the most acutely toxic category must be assigned to the constituent. If the NIOSH RTECS or other data sources do not agree on the same category (for the same test endpoint), then the category arrived at using the NIOSH RTECS will be used to determine the toxic category. If toxicity data for a constituent cannot be found in the NIOSH RTECS, or other source reasonably available to a person, then the toxic category need not be determined for that constituent. TOXIC CATEGORY TABLE Toxic Category Fish LC50(mg/L)* Oral (Rat) LD50(mg/kg) Inhalation (Rat) LC50(mg/L) Dermal (Rabbit) LD50(mg/kg) X <0.01 <.5 <.02 < 2 A 0.01 - <0.1 .5 - <5 .02 - <.2 2 - <20 B 0.1 - <1 5 - <50 .2 - <2 20 - <200 C 1 - <10 50 - <500 2 - <20 200 - <2000 D 10 - 100 500 - 5000 20 - 200 2000 - 20,000 * The LC50 data must be from an exposure period greater than or equal to twenty-four hours. LC50 data from any species is acceptable, however, if salmonid LC50 data is available it will supersede all other fish data. If salmonid data is unavailable but fathead minnow data is available, it will supersede all other fish species data. Note: "Inhalation LC50" means a concentration in milligrams of substance per liter of air which, when administered to the respiratory tract for four hours or less, kills within fourteen days half of a group of ten rats each weighing between 200 and 300 grams. (ii) A person whose waste contains one or more toxic constituents must determine the equivalent concentration for the waste from the following formula: Equivalent ?X% ?A% ?B% ?C% ?D% Concentration (%) = 1 10 100 1000 10,000 where ?(X,A,B,C, or D)% is the sum of all the concentration percentages for a particular toxic category. Example 1. A person's waste contains: Aldrin (A Category) - .01%; Endrin (A Category) - 1%; Benzene (D Category) - 4%; Phenol (C Category) - 2%; Dinoseb (B Category) - 5%; Water (nontoxic) - 87%. The equivalent concentration (E.C.) would be: E.C. (%) = 0% (0.01% 1.0%) 5.0% 2.0% 4.0% 1 10 100 1000 10,000 = 0% 0.101% 0.05% 0.002% 0.0004% = 0.1534% So the equivalent concentration equals 0.1534%. (iii) A person whose waste contains toxic constituents must determine its designation according to the value of the equivalent concentration: (A) If the equivalent concentration is less than 0.001%, the waste is not a toxic dangerous waste; or (B) If the equivalent concentration is equal to or greater than 0.001% and less than 1.0%, the person will designate the waste as DW and assign the dangerous waste number WT02; and (C) If the equivalent concentration is equal to or less than 0.01%, the DW may also be a special waste; or (D) If the equivalent concentration is equal to or greater than 1.0%, the person will designate the waste as EHW and assign the dangerous waste number WT01. Example 1. Continued. The equivalent concentration of 0.1534% (from Example 1. above) is greater than 0.001% and less than 1.0%. The waste is DW and the dangerous waste number WT02 must be assigned. Since 0.1534% is also greater than 0.01%, the waste is not a special waste. (iv) Reserve. (c) Designation from bioassay data. A person may determine if a waste meets the toxicity criteria by following the bioassay designation instructions of either: (i) The DW bioassay. To determine if a waste is DW, a person must establish the toxicity category range (D category toxicity or greater toxicity) of a waste by means of the 100 mg/L acute static fish test or the 5000 mg/kg oral rat test, as described in the biological testing methods (bioassay) adopted in WAC 173-303-110(3). If data from the test indicates that the waste is DW, then the person will assign the dangerous waste number WT02. Otherwise, the waste is not regulated as toxic dangerous waste. No further testing must be done except as provided in WAC 173-303-070 (4) and (5), or if the person chooses to determine whether the waste is EHW, or in the case of state-only solid dangerous waste, if the person chooses to determine whether the waste is special waste; or (ii) The EHW and special waste bioassay. To determine if a waste is EHW, a person must establish the toxicity category range of a waste by means of the fish bioassay at 10 mg/L or the rat bioassay at 50 mg/Kg, as described in the biological testing methods (bioassay) adopted in WAC 173-303-110(3). (NOTE: A fish bioassay at 1 mg/L corresponds with the definition of EHW, which includes toxic categories X-B. However, the fish bioassay is not reproducible at these low levels.) If data from the test indicates that the waste is EHW, then the person will assign the dangerous waste number WT01. Otherwise, the waste will be designated DW, and the person will assign the dangerous waste number WT02. A person with state-only solid waste may choose to test a waste to determine if it is special waste. Testing levels for special waste must be at 10 mg/L for the fish bioassay or 500 mg/Kg for the oral rat bioassay. No further testing must be done except as provided in WAC 173-303-070 (4) and (5), or if the person chooses to test the waste in accordance with WAC 173-303-100 (5)(c)(i) to determine if the waste is not regulated as toxic dangerous waste. (d) If the designation acquired from book designation and bioassay data do not agree, then bioassay data will be used to designate a waste. If a waste is designated as DW or EHW following the book designation procedure, a person may test the waste by means of the biological testing methods (bioassay) adopted under WAC 173-303-110(3), using either the static acute fish or the acute oral rat method, to demonstrate that the waste is not a dangerous waste or should be designated as DW and not EHW. (e) A waste designated as DW by toxicity criteria must be assigned the dangerous waste number of WT02. A waste designated as EHW by toxicity criteria must be assigned the dangerous waste number of WT01. (6) Persistence criteria. For the purposes of this section, persistent constituents are chemical compounds which are either halogenated organic compounds (HOC), or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), as defined under WAC 173-303-040. Except as provided in WAC 173-303-070 (4) or (5), a person may determine the identity and concentration of persistent constituents by either applying knowledge of the waste or by testing the waste according to WAC 173-303-110 (3)(c) Chemical Testing Methods for Designating Dangerous Waste Publication #97-407. (a) Except as provided in WAC 173-303-070(4), if a person knows only some of the persistent constituents in the waste, or only some of the constituent concentrations, and if the waste is undesignated for those known constituents or concentrations, then the waste is not designated for persistence under this subsection. (b) When a waste contains one or more halogenated organic compounds (HOC) for which the concentrations are known, the total halogenated organic compound concentration must be determined by summing the concentration percentages for all of the halogenated organic compounds for which the concentration is known. Example 2. A waste contains: Carbon tetrachloride - .009%; DDT - .012%; 1,1,1 - trichloroethylene - .020%. The total halogenated organic compound concentration would be: Total HOC Concentration (%) = .009% .012% .020% =.041% (c) A person whose waste contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as defined in WAC 173-303-040, must determine the total PAH concentration by summing the concentration percentages of each of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for which they know the concentration. Example 3. A person's waste contains: Chrysene - .08%; 3,4 - benzo(a)pyrene - 1.22%. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration would be: Total PAH Concentration (%) = .08% 1.22% = 1.30% (d) A person whose waste contains halogenated organic compounds and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons must determine its designation from the persistent dangerous waste table. PERSISTENT DANGEROUS WASTE TABLE If your waste contains... At a total concentration level of... Then your waste's designation, and waste # are... Halogenated Organic Compounds (HOC) 0.01% to 1.0% greater than 1.0% DW, WP02 EHW, WP01 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) greater than 1.0% EHW*, WP03 *No DW concentration level for PAH. (7) Reserve. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-100, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-100, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-100, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-100, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-100, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-100, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-100, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-100, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-101 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-101, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-101, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-101, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-101, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-101, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-102 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-102, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-102, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-102, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-102, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-102, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-130.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-103 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-103, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-103, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-103, filed 6/26/87; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-103, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-103, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-104 State-specific dangerous waste numbers. (1) Purpose. This section sets forth the dangerous waste number for each of the dangerous waste criteria designations and for listed and characteristic waste codes that are unique to Washington state. (2) Characteristics. A waste that exhibits any of the dangerous waste characteristics, WAC 173-303-090, must be assigned the dangerous waste number corresponding to the characteristic(s) exhibited by the waste (see WAC 173-303-090). For state-only solid corrosive wastes, the dangerous waste number of WSC2 must be assigned. (3) Criteria. The following table must be used for assigning dangerous waste numbers to wastes designated by the dangerous waste criteria at WAC 173-303-100. GENERIC DANGEROUS WASTE NUMBERS TABLE Dangerous Waste# Dangerous Waste Criteria and Designation Toxic Dangerous Wastes WT01 -- ---------- EHW WT02 ------------ DW Persistent Dangerous Wastes Halogenated Organic Compounds WP01 ------------ EHW WP02 ------------ DW Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons WP03 ------------ EHW (4) State source listed PCB wastes (WAC 173-303-9904) must be assigned the dangerous waste code of WPCB. (5) Labpacks. State-only EHW labpacks must be assigned the dangerous waste code of WL01 and DW labpacks must be assigned the waste code WL02. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-104, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-104, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-104, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-12-018 (Order 93-34), § 173-303-104, filed 5/23/94, effective 6/23/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-104, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-104, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-110 Sampling and testing methods. (1) Purpose. This section sets forth the testing methods to be used to comply with the requirements of this chapter. Quality control procedures specified by the testing method or an approved equivalent method must be followed for the analytical result to be considered valid for designation. All methods and publications listed in this section are incorporated by reference. (2) Representative samples. (a) The methods and equipment used for obtaining representative samples of a waste will vary with the type and form of the waste. The department will consider samples collected using the sampling methods below or the most recent version of such methods for wastes with properties similar to the indicated materials, to be representative samples of the wastes: (i) Crushed or powdered material - ASTM Standard D346-75; (ii) Extremely viscous liquid - ASTM Standard D140-70; (iii) Fly ash-like material - ASTM Standard D2234-86; (iv) Soil-like material - ASTM Standard D1452-80 (Reapproved 1990); (v) Soil or rock-like material - ASTM Standard D420-93; (vi) Containerized liquid wastes - "COLIWASA" described in SW-846, as incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a), or the equivalent representative sampling method known as the plunger type sampler, described in ASTM D 5743-97, section 8.6; and, (vii) Liquid waste in pits, ponds, lagoons, and similar reservoirs - "Pond Sampler" described in SW-846, as incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a). (b) Copies of these representative sampling methods are available from the department except for the ASTM standards and the AC & D Liquid Sampler Method which can be obtained by writing to: ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103. AC & D Liquid Sampler Method AC & D Liquid Samplers 77 Symons Street Richland, WA 99352 (3) Test procedures. Copies of the test procedures listed in this subsection can be obtained by writing to the appropriate address below: For copies of Department of Ecology test methods: Attn: Test Procedures Hazardous Waste Section Department of Ecology PO Box 47600 Olympia, Washington 98504-7600 For copies of SW 846, including updates, and 40 CFR Part 261: Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 (202) 512-1800 For copies of ASTM methods: ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 For copies of APTI methods: APTI National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 The document titles and included test procedures are as follows: (a) Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA Publication, SW-846 (Third Edition (November 1986) as amended by Updates I (dated July 1992), II (dated September 1994), IIA (dated August 1993), IIB (dated January 1995), III (dated December 1996), and IIIA (dated April 1998)). The Third Edition of SW-846 and its Updates (document number 955-001-00000-1) are available from the Superintendent of Documents. Update IIIA is available through EPA's Methods Information Communication Exchange (MICE) Service. MICE can be contacted by phone at (703) 821-4690. Update IIIA can also be obtained by contacting the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste (5307W), OSW Methods Team, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20460. Copies of the Third Edition and all of its updates are also available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, (703) 605-6000 or (800) 553-6847; (b) Biological Testing Methods, Department of Ecology Publication #80-12, the latest revision, describing procedures for: (i) Static acute fish toxicity test; and (ii) Acute oral rat toxicity test; (c) Chemical Testing Methods for Designating Dangerous Waste, Department of Ecology Publication #97-407, February 1998 describing methods for testing: (i) Ignitability; (ii) Corrosivity; (iii) Reactivity; (iv) Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure; (v) Halogenated organic compounds; and (vi) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (d) Reserve; (e)(i) The determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Transformer Fluids and Waste Oils, EPA-600/4-81-045; and (ii) Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Mineral Insulating Oils by Gas Chromatography, ASTM Standard D 4059-86. (f) 40 CFR Part 261 Appendix III Chemical Analysis Test Methods, which refers to appropriate analytical procedures to determine whether a sample contains a given toxic constituent in Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA Publication SW-846, and 40 CFR Part 261 Appendix II, which refers to Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. (g) The following publications for air emission standards. (i) ASTM Standard Method for Analysis of Reformed Gas by Gas Chromatography, ASTM Standard D 1946-82. (ii) ASTM Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (High-Precision Method), ASTM Standard D 2382-83. (iii) ASTM Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis, ASTM Standard E 169-87. (iv) ASTM Standard Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis, ASTM Standard E 168-88. (v) ASTM Standard Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography, ASTM Standard E 260-85. (vi) ASTM Standard Test Method for Aromatics in Light Naphthas and Aviation Gasolines by Gas Chromatography, ASTM Standard D 2267-88. (vii) ASTM Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope, ASTM Standard D 2879-92. (viii) APTI Course 415: Control of Gaseous Emissions, EPA Publication EPA-450/2-81-005, December 1981. (ix) "API Publication 2517, Third Edition," February 1989, "Evaporative Loss from External Floating-Roof Tanks," available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. 20005. (x) "ASTM Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure--Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteriscope," ASTM Standard D 2879-92, available from American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. (h) The following publications: (i) "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code" (1977 or 1981), available from the National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210. (ii) U.S. EPA, "Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised," October 1992, EPA Publication No. EPA-450/R-92-019, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. (iii) "ASTM Standard Test Methods for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Samples for Analyses of Metals," ASTM Standard E926-88, Test Method C-Bomb, Acid Digestion Method, available from American Society for Testing Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. (iv) Method 1664, Revision A, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Nonpolar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. Available from NTIS, PB99-121949, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. (v) ASTM Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed Tester, ASTM Standard D-3278-78, available from American Society for Testing and Materials. (vi) ASTM Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, ASTM Standard D-93-79 or D-93-80. (vii) API Publication 2517, Third Edition, February 1989, "Evaporative Loss from External Floating-Roof Tanks," available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. 20005. (4) Substantial changes to the testing methods described above will be made only after the department has provided adequate opportunity for public review and comment on the proposed changes. The department may, at its discretion, schedule a public hearing on the proposed changes. (5) Equivalent testing methods. Any person may request the department to approve an equivalent testing method by submitting a petition, prepared in accordance with WAC 173-303-910(2), to the department. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-110, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-110, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-110, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-110, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-110, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-110, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-110, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-110, filed 1/4/89; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-110, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-110, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-110, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-120 Recycled, reclaimed, and recovered wastes. (1) This section describes the requirements for persons who recycle materials that are solid wastes and dangerous. Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3) of this section, dangerous wastes that are recycled are subject to the requirements for generators, transporters, and storage facilities of subsection (4) of this section. Dangerous wastes that are recycled will be known as "recyclable materials." (2)(a) The following recyclable materials are solid wastes and sometimes are dangerous wastes. However, they are subject only to the requirements of (b) of this subsection, WAC 173-303-050, 173-303-145 and 173-303-960: (i) Industrial ethyl alcohol that is reclaimed (except that, unless provided otherwise in an international agreement as specified in 40 CFR 262.58: See export requirements at 40 CFR 261.6 (3)(i)(A) and (B) that are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)); (ii) Reserve; (iii) Reserved; (iv) Scrap metal that is not excluded under WAC 173-303-071 (3)(ff); (v) Fuels produced from the refining of oil-bearing dangerous wastes along with normal process streams at a petroleum refining facility if such wastes result from normal petroleum refining, production, and transportation practices (this exemption does not apply to fuels produced from oil recovered from oil-bearing dangerous wastes where such recovered oil is already excluded under WAC 173-303-071 (3)(cc)); (vi) Reserve; (vii) Coke and coal tar from the iron and steel industry that contains dangerous waste from the iron and steel production process; (viii)(A) Dangerous waste fuel produced from oil-bearing dangerous wastes from petroleum refining, production, or transportation practices, or produced from oil reclaimed from such dangerous wastes, where such dangerous wastes are reintroduced into a process that does not use distillation or does not produce products from crude oil so long as the resulting fuel meets the used oil specification under 40 CFR 279.11 (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-515(4)) and so long as no other dangerous wastes are used to produce the dangerous waste fuel; (B) Dangerous waste fuel produced from oil-bearing dangerous waste from petroleum refining production, and transportation practices, where such dangerous wastes are reintroduced into a refining process after a point at which contaminants are removed, so long as the fuel meets the used oil fuel specification under 40 CFR 279.11 (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-515(4)); and (C) Oil reclaimed from oil-bearing dangerous wastes from petroleum refining, production, and transportation practices, which reclaimed oil is burned as a fuel without reintroduction to a refining process, so long as the reclaimed oil meets the used oil fuel specification under 40 CFR 279.11 (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-515(4)). (b) Any recyclable material listed in (a) of this subsection will be subject to the applicable requirements listed in subsection (4) of this section if the department determines, on a case-by-case basis, that: (i) It is being accumulated, used, reused, or handled in a manner that poses a threat to public health or the environment; or (ii) Due to the dangerous constituent(s) in it, any use or reuse would pose a threat to public health or the environment. Such recyclable material will be listed in WAC 173-303-016(6). (3) The recyclable materials listed in (a) through (h) of this subsection are not subject to the requirements of this section but are subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-070 through 173-303-110, 173-303-160, 173-303-500 through 173-303-525, and all applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. In addition to these requirements, owners and operators of facilities that receive recyclable materials from off-site are subject to WAC 173-303-610 (2) and (12) and to WAC 173-303-620 (1)(e). (a) Recycling requirements for state-only dangerous wastes (see WAC 173-303-500); (b) Recyclable materials used in a manner constituting disposal (see WAC 173-303-505); (c) Spent CFC or HCFC refrigerants that are recycled on-site or sent to be reclaimed off-site (see WAC 173-303-506); (d) Dangerous wastes burned for energy recovery in boilers and industrial furnaces that are not regulated under Subpart O of 40 CFR Part 265 or WAC 173-303-670 (see WAC 173-303-510); (e) Reserved; (f) Spent lead-acid batteries that are being reclaimed (see WAC 173-303-520); (g) Recyclable materials from which precious metals are reclaimed (see WAC 173-303-525); and (h) Spent antifreeze that is recycled on-site or sent to be recycled off-site (see WAC 173-303-522). (4) Those recycling processes not specifically discussed in subsections (2) and (3) of this section are generally subject to regulation only up to and including storage prior to recycling. For the purpose of this section, the department may determine on a case-by-case basis that recyclable materials received from off-site are not stored if they are moved into an active recycling process within a period of time not to exceed seventy-two hours after being received. In making such a determination, the department will consider factors including, but not limited to, the types and volumes of wastes being recycled, operational factors of the recycling process, and the compliance history of the owner or operator. An active recycling process refers to a dynamic recycling operation that occurs within a recycling unit such as a distillation or centrifuge unit. The phrase does not refer to passive storage-like activities that occur, for example, when tanks or containers are used for phase separation or for settling impurities. Passive storage-like activities are not eligible for the recycling exemption under this subsection. The recycling process itself is generally exempt from permitting unless the department determines, on a case-by-case basis, that the recycling process poses a threat to public health or the environment. Unless specified otherwise in subsections (2) and (3) of this section: (a) Generators of recyclable materials are subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter including, but not limited to, WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230; (b) Transporters of recyclable materials are subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter including, but not limited to, WAC 173-303-240 through 173-303-270; (c) Owners or operators of facilities that receive recyclable materials from off-site and recycle these recyclable materials without storing them before they are recycled are subject to the following requirements: (i) WAC 173-303-060, (ii) WAC 173-303-120 (4)(e), (iii) WAC 173-303-283 through 173-303-290, (iv) WAC 173-303-310 through 173-303-395, (v) WAC 173-303-610 (2) and (12), (vi) WAC 173-303-620 (1)(e), (vii) WAC 173-303-630 (2) through (10), and (viii) WAC 173-303-640 (2) through (10) except that requirements to post-closure planning or care in WAC 173-303-640(8) will not apply to closure of recycling units. In lieu of the dates in WAC 173-303-640 (2) and (4), for existing tank systems regulated under this subsection, owners and operators must complete the assessment of the tank system's integrity by June 1, 1992, and must meet the secondary containment requirements of WAC 173-303-640(4) by January 12, 1993; (vii) The owner or operator must obtain data, by screening-type analysis if necessary, confirming the designation of each waste stream, such that each dangerous waste received can be effectively recycled without jeopardizing human health or the environment. The owner or operator must verify the waste designation periodically, so that it is accurate and current, but at least once every six months or on a batch basis if shipments of a specific waste stream are less frequent. Copies of all analyses and data must be retained for at least five years and made available to the department upon request. (d) Owners and operators of facilities that store recyclable materials before they are recycled are subject to the following requirements including, but not limited to: (i) For all recyclers, the applicable provisions of: (A) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395, (B) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840, (C) WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), (D) WAC 173-303-120 (4)(e); (ii) For recyclers with interim status permits, the applicable storage provisions of WAC 173-303-400 including Subparts F through L of 40 CFR Part 265; (iii) For recyclers with final facility permits, the applicable storage provisions of: (A) WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-650, and (B) WAC 173-303-660. (e) Owners and operators of facilities subject to dangerous waste permitting requirements with dangerous waste management units that recycle hazardous wastes are subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-690, 173-303-691 (Air emission standards for process vents and equipment leaks), and WAC 173-303-692 (Air emission standards for tanks, surface impoundments, and containers) for final status facilities, and 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts AA, BB, and CC, incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400(3) for interim status facilities. (5) Used oil that is recycled and is also a dangerous waste solely because it exhibits a dangerous waste characteristic or criteria is not subject to the requirements of this chapter except for 40 CFR Part 279 which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-515. Used oil that is recycled includes any used oil that is reused, following its original use, for any purpose (including the purpose for which the oil was originally used). Such term includes, but is not limited to, oil that is re-refined, reclaimed, burned for energy recovery, or reprocessed. (6) Hazardous waste that is exported to or imported from designated member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (as defined in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1)) for purpose of recovery is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262, subpart H, if it is subject to either the manifesting requirements at WAC 173-303-180 or to the universal waste management standards of WAC 173-303-573. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-120, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-120, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-120, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-120, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-120, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 93-02-050 (Order 92-32), § 173-303-120, filed 1/5/93, effective 2/5/93. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-120, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-120, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-120, filed 3/11/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-120, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-120, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-120, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-120, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-121 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-121, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-121, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-130 Containment and control of infectious wastes. (Reserved.) [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-130, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-140 Land disposal restrictions. (1) Purpose. (a) The purpose of this section is to encourage the best management practices for dangerous wastes according to the priorities of RCW 70.105.150 which are, in order of priority: (i) Reduction; (ii) Recycling; (iii) Physical, chemical, and biological treatment; (iv) Incineration; (v) Stabilization and solidification; and (vi) Landfill. (b) This section identifies dangerous wastes that are restricted from land disposal, describes requirements for restricted wastes, and defines the circumstances under which a prohibited waste may continue to be land disposed. (c) For the purposes of this section, the term "landfill," as stated in the priorities of RCW 70.105.150, will be the same as the term "land disposal." Land disposal will be used in this section to identify the lowest waste management priority. (2) Applicability. The land disposal restrictions of this section apply to any person who owns or operates a dangerous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facility in Washington state and to any person who generates or transports dangerous waste. (a) Land disposal restrictions for wastes designated in accordance with WAC 173-303-070 (3)(a)(i), (ii), and (iii) are the restrictions set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency in 40 CFR Part 268 which are incorporated by reference into this regulation and the restrictions set forth in subsections (3) through (7) of this section. The words "regional administrator" (in 40 CFR) will mean the "department," except for 40 CFR Parts 268.5 and 268.6; 268 Subpart B; 268.42(b) and 268.44 (a) through (g). The authority for implementing these excluded CFR sections remains with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The word "EPA" (in 40 CFR) means "Ecology" at 40 CFR 268.44(m). The exemption and exception provisions of subsections (3) through (7) of this section are not applicable to the federal land disposal restrictions. (b) Land disposal restrictions for state-only dangerous waste are the restrictions set forth in subsections (3) through (7) of this section. (3) Definitions. When used in this section the following terms have the meaning provided in this subsection. All other terms have the meanings given under WAC 173-303-040. (a) "Dangerous waste constituents" means those constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905 and any other constituents which have caused a waste to be a dangerous waste under this chapter. (b) "Land disposal" means placement in a facility or on the land with the intent of leaving the dangerous waste at closure, and includes, but is not limited to, placement for disposal purposes in a: Landfill; surface impoundment; waste pile; injection well; land treatment facility; salt dome or salt bed formation; underground cave or mine; concrete vault or bunker. (c) "Organic/carbonaceous waste" means a dangerous waste that contains combined concentrations of greater than ten percent organic/carbonaceous constituents in the waste; organic/carbonaceous constituents are those substances that contain carbon-hydrogen, carbon-halogen, or carbon-carbon chemical bonding. (d) "Solid acid waste" means a dangerous waste that exhibits the characteristic of low pH under the corrosivity test of WAC 173-303-090 (6)(a)(iii). (e) "Stabilization" and "solidification" mean a technique that limits the solubility and mobility of dangerous waste constituents. Solidification immobilizes a waste through physical means and stabilization immobilizes the waste by bonding or chemically reacting with the stabilizing material. (4) Land disposal restrictions and prohibitions. The land disposal requirements of this subsection apply to land disposal in Washington state. (a) Disposal of extremely hazardous waste (EHW). No person may land dispose of EHW, except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, at any land disposal facility in the state. No person may land dispose of EHW at the facility established under RCW 70.105.050, except as provided by subsections (5), (6), and (7) of this section. A person is encouraged to reclaim, recycle, recover, treat, detoxify, neutralize, or otherwise process EHW to remove or reduce its harmful properties or characteristics, provided that such processing is performed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. (b) Disposal of liquid waste. Special requirements for bulk and containerized liquids. (i) Effective May 8, 1985, the placement of bulk or noncontainerized liquid hazardous waste or hazardous waste containing free liquids (whether or not sorbents have been added) in any landfill is prohibited. (40 CFR 264.314(a) which applies prior to May 8, 1985, is incorporated by reference.) (ii) Containers holding free liquids must not be placed in a landfill unless: (A) All free-standing liquid: (I) Has been removed by decanting, or other methods; or (II) Has been mixed with sorbent or stabilized (solidified) so that free-standing liquid is no longer observed; or (III) Has been otherwise eliminated; or (B) The container is very small, such as an ampule; or (C) The container is designed to hold free liquids for use other than storage, such as a battery or capacitor; or (D) The container is a labpack and is disposed of in accordance with WAC 173-303-161 and this chapter. (iii) To demonstrate the absence or presence of free liquids in either a containerized or a bulk waste, the following tests must be used: Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test) as described in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods" EPA Publication SW-846 as incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a). (iv) Sorbents used to treat free liquids to be disposed of in landfills must be nonbiodegradable. Nonbiodegradable sorbents are: Materials listed or described in (b)(iv)(A) of this subsection; materials that pass one of the tests in (b)(iv)(B) of this subsection; or materials that are determined by the department to be nonbiodegradable through WAC 173-303-910. (A) Nonbiodegradable sorbents. (I) Inorganic minerals, other inorganic materials, and elemental carbon (e.g., aluminosilicates, clays, smectites, Fuller's earth, bentonite, calcium bentonite, montmorillonite, calcined montmorillonite, kaolinite, micas (illite), vermiculites, zeolites; calcium carbonate (organic free limestone); oxides/hydroxides, alumina, lime, silica (sand), diatomaceous earth; perlite (volcanic glass); expanded volcanic rock; volcanic ash; cement kiln dust; fly ash; rice hull ash; activated charcoal/activated carbon); or (II) High molecular weight synthetic polymers (e.g., polyethylene, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polynorborene, polyisobutylene, ground synthetic rubber, cross-linked allylstyrene and tertiary butyl copolymers). This does not include polymers derived from biological material or polymers specifically designed to be degradable; or (III) Mixtures of these nonbiodegradable materials. (B) Tests for nonbiodegradable sorbents. (I) The sorbent material is determined to be nonbiodegradable under ASTM Method G21-70 (1984a) - Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymer Materials to Fungi; or (II) The sorbent material is determined to be nonbiodegradable under ASTM Method G22-76 (1984b) - Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Plastics to Bacteria; or (III) The sorbent material is determined to be nonbiodegradable under OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) test 301B: [CO2 Evolution (Modified Sturm Test)]. (v) Effective November 8, 1985, the placement of any liquid which is not a hazardous waste in a landfill is prohibited unless the owner or operator of such landfill demonstrates to the department, or the department determines, that: (A) The only reasonably available alternative to the placement in such landfill is placement in a landfill or unlined surface impoundment, whether or not permitted or operating under interim status, which contains, or may reasonably be anticipated to contain, hazardous waste; and (B) Placement in such owner or operator's landfill will not present a risk of contamination of any underground source of drinking water (as that term is defined in 40 CFR Section 144.3). (c) Disposal of solid acid waste. No person may land dispose solid acid waste, except as provided in subsections (5), (6), or (7) of this section. A person is encouraged to reclaim, recycle, recover, treat, detoxify, neutralize, or otherwise process these wastes to remove or reduce their harmful properties or characteristics, provided that such processing is performed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. (d) Disposal of organic/carbonaceous waste. (i) No person may land dispose organic/carbonaceous waste, except as provided in subsections (5), (6), or (7) of this section. A person is encouraged to reclaim, recycle, recover, treat, detoxify, or otherwise process these wastes to remove or reduce their harmful properties or characteristics, provided that such processing is performed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. Organic/carbonaceous wastes must be incinerated as a minimum management method according to the dangerous waste management priorities as defined in subsection (1)(a) of this section. (ii) This prohibition against the land disposal of organic/carbonaceous waste does not apply to black mud generated from the caustic leach recovery of cryolite at primary aluminum smelting plants. (iii) This prohibition against the land disposal of organic/carbonaceous waste does not apply to any person who certifies to the department that recycling, treatment and incineration facilities are not available within a radius of one thousand miles from Washington state's borders. Such certification must be sent to the department by certified mail and must include: The name, address and telephone number of the person certifying; a brief description of the organic/carbonaceous waste covered by the certification; a discussion of the efforts undertaken to identify available recycling, treatment and incineration facilities; and the signature of the person responsible for the certification and development of information used to support the certification. Records and information supporting the certification must be retained by the certifying person and must be made available to the department upon request. A certification that has been properly submitted to the department will remain valid until the department determines that a recycling, treatment or incineration facility is available within a radius of one thousand miles from Washington state's borders and the person who submitted the certification is unable to demonstrate otherwise. A recycling, treatment or incineration facility will be considered by the department to be available if such facility: Is operating, and; can safely and legally recycle, treat or incinerate the organic/carbonaceous waste, and; has sufficient capacity to receive and handle significant amounts of the waste, and; agrees to accept the waste. (5) Treatment in land disposal facilities. The land disposal restrictions in subsection (4) of this section do not apply to persons treating dangerous wastes in surface impoundments, waste piles, or land treatment facilities provided that such treatment is performed in accordance with the requirements of this subsection and this chapter. (a) Surface impoundment treatment. Liquid waste, extremely hazardous waste (EHW), solid acid waste, and organic/carbonaceous waste may be placed in surface impoundments for purposes of treatment provided the owner/operator can demonstrate that effective treatment of the dangerous waste constituents will occur and at closure the owner/operator complies with the prohibitions and restrictions of subsection (4) of this section. (b) Waste pile treatment. Liquid waste, extremely hazardous waste (EHW), solid acid waste, and organic/carbonaceous waste may be placed in waste piles for purposes of treatment provided the owner/operator can demonstrate that effective treatment of dangerous waste constituents will occur and that at closure the owner/operator will be in compliance with the prohibitions and restrictions of subsection (4) of this section. (c) Land treatment. Liquid waste, extremely hazardous waste (EHW), and organic/carbonaceous waste may be land treated provided that the owner/operator can demonstrate that effective treatment of dangerous waste constituents will occur, and at the end of the post-closure care period the owner/operator will be in compliance with subsection (4) of this section. (6) Case-by-case exemptions to a land disposal prohibition. Any person may petition the department for an exemption from a prohibition in subsection (4) of this section for the land disposal of a dangerous waste. The procedures to submit a petition to the department are specified in WAC 173-303-910(6). The department may deny any petition if it determines that there is a potential for dangerous waste constituents to migrate from the land disposal facility where the waste is to be placed. The department will deny any petition when exemption would result in a substantial or imminent threat to public health or the environment. The department will deny any petition when exemption would result in a violation of applicable state laws. The department may grant an exemption from the prohibitions and restrictions of subsection (4) of this section based on the demonstrations specified in (a), (b) or (c) of this subsection. (a) Land disposal exemption for treatment residuals. Any person may request an exemption from a land disposal prohibition in subsection (4) of this section for treatment residuals by demonstrating to the department that: (i) The person has applied the best achievable management method to the original waste; and (ii) Application of additional management methods to the treatment residuals would prevent the person from utilizing the best achievable management methods for the original dangerous waste; and (iii) The land disposal of the treatment residuals does not pose a greater risk to the public health and the environment than land disposal of the original dangerous waste would pose. (b) Economic hardship exemption. Any person may request an exemption from a prohibition in subsection (4) of this section for the land disposal of a dangerous waste by demonstrating to the department that alternative management of the dangerous waste will impose an unreasonable economic burden in relation to the threat of harm to public health and the environment. It will be solely within the discretion of the department to approve or deny the requests for exemptions based on economic hardship. (c) Organic/carbonaceous waste exemption. Any person may request an exemption from the requirements in subsection (4) of this section by demonstrating to the department that: (i) Alternative management methods for organic/carbonaceous waste are less protective of public health and the environment than stabilization or landfilling; or (ii)(A) The organic/carbonaceous waste has a heat content less than 3,000 BTU/LB or contains greater than sixty-five percent water or other noncombustible moisture; and (B) Incineration is the only management method available within a radius of one thousand miles from Washington state's border (i.e., recycling or treatment are not available). (7) Emergency cleanup provision. The department may, on a case-by-case basis, grant an exception to the land disposal restrictions in subsection (4) of this section for an emergency cleanup where an imminent threat to public health and the environment exists. Any exception will require compliance with applicable state law and will require (consistent with the nature of the emergency and imminent threat) application of the waste management priorities of RCW 70.105.150. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-140, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03; 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-140, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-140, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-140, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-02-057 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-140, filed 1/5/88, effective 2/5/88; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-140, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-140, filed 2/10/82.] Notes: Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-141 Treatment, storage, or disposal of dangerous waste. (1) A person may offer a designated dangerous waste only to a TSD facility which is operating either: Under a permit issued pursuant to the requirements of this chapter; or, if the TSD facility is located outside of this state, under interim status or a permit issued by United States EPA under 40 CFR Part 270, or under interim status or a permit issued by another state which has been authorized by United States EPA pursuant to 40 CFR Part 271. (2) A person may offer a state only designated dangerous waste (not regulated as a hazardous waste by EPA) to a facility which is located outside of this state and which does not meet the requirements of subsection (1) of this section if: (a) The facility receiving the waste will legitimately treat or recycle the dangerous waste (disposal is an unacceptable management practice); (b) The generator has on file a letter or copy of a letter signed by the regulatory authority in the receiving state that the receiving facility may accept the waste; (c) The generator uses a transporter with a valid EPA/state identification number; (d) The generator complies with all other applicable requirements, including manifesting, packaging and labeling, with respect to the shipping of the waste. However, the EPA/state identification number for the receiving facility is not required on the manifest or annual report; and (e) The generator receives from the receiving facility a signed and dated copy of the manifest. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-141, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-141, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-141, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-141, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-145 Spills and discharges into the environment. (1) Purpose and applicability. This section sets forth the requirements for any person responsible for a spill or discharge of a dangerous waste or hazardous substance into the environment, except when such release is otherwise permitted under state or federal law. For the purposes of complying with this section, a transporter who spills or discharges dangerous waste or hazardous substances during transportation will be considered the responsible person. This section applies when any dangerous waste or hazardous substance is intentionally or accidentally spilled or discharged into the environment (unless otherwise permitted) such that human health or the environment is threatened, regardless of the quantity of dangerous waste or hazardous substance. (2) Notification. Any person who is responsible for a spill or nonpermitted discharge must immediately notify the individuals and authorities described for the following situations: (a) For spills or discharges onto the ground or into ground water or surface water, notify all local authorities in accordance with the local emergency plan. If necessary, check with the local emergency service coordinator and the fire department to determine all notification responsibilities under the local emergency plan. Also, notify the appropriate regional office of the department of ecology; (b) For spills or discharges which result in emissions to the air, notify all local authorities in accordance with the local emergency plan. If necessary, check with the local emergency service coordinator and the fire department to determine all notification responsibilities under the local emergency plan. Also, in western Washington notify the local air pollution control authority, or in eastern Washington notify the appropriate regional office of the department of ecology. (3) Mitigation and control. The person responsible for a spill or nonpermitted discharge must take appropriate immediate action to protect human health and the environment (e.g., diking to prevent contamination of state waters, shutting of open valves). (a) In addition, the person responsible for a spill or discharge must: (i) Clean up all released dangerous wastes or hazardous substances, or take such actions as may be required or approved by federal, state, or local officials acting within the scope of their official responsibilities. This may include complete or partial removal of released dangerous wastes or hazardous substances as may be justified by the nature of the released dangerous wastes or hazardous substances, the human and environmental circumstances of the incident, and protection required by the Water Pollution Control Act, chapter 90.48 RCW; (ii) Designate and treat, store or dispose of all soils, waters, or other materials contaminated by the spill or discharge in accordance with this chapter 173-303 WAC. The department may require testing in order to determine the amount or extent of contaminated materials, and the appropriate designation, treatment, storage, or disposal for any materials resulting from cleanup; and (iii) If the property on which the spill or discharge occurred is not owned or controlled by the person responsible for the incident, restore the area impacted by the spill or discharge, and replenish resources (e.g., fish, plants) in a manner acceptable to the department. (b)(i) Where immediate removal, temporary storage, or treatment of spilled or discharged dangerous wastes or hazardous substances is necessary to protect human health or the environment, the department may direct persons to: (A) Remove it without a manifest, by transporters who do not have EPA/state identification numbers; (B) Temporarily store it at sites that are protective of human health and the environment and are secure from access by the public; and/or (C) Treat it to reduce or control the hazards, under WAC 173-303-170. (ii) When the department seeks to direct persons who are not responsible for a spill or discharge to carry out actions pursuant to this section, it will obtain their concurrence. It is the intent of the department that persons who provide these services may be deemed "good samaritans" under the provisions of chapter 70.136 RCW. (4) Nothing in WAC 173-303-145 eliminates any obligations to comply with reporting requirements which may exist in a permit or under other state or federal regulations. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-145, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-145, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 92-15-036 (Order 91-44), § 173-303-145, filed 7/8/92, effective 8/8/92. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-145, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-145, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-145, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-150 Division, dilution, and accumulation. (1) Any action taken to evade the intent of this regulation by dividing or diluting wastes to change their designation shall be prohibited, except for the purposes of treating, neutralizing, or detoxifying such wastes. (2) Separation of a homogeneous waste into heterogeneous phases (e.g., separation of a suspension into sludge and liquid phases, or of a solvent/water mixture into solvent and water phases, etc.) will not be considered as division, provided that the person generating the waste either: (a) Designates the homogeneous waste before separation, and handles the entire waste accordingly; or (b) Designates each phase of the heterogeneous waste, in accordance with the dangerous waste designation requirements of this chapter, and handles each phase accordingly. (3) For the purposes of designation, quantities of continuously generated wastes must be summed monthly. All wastes generated less frequently than once a month will be considered as batch or single event wastes. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-150, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-150, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-150.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-160 Containers. (1) Waste quantity. Containers and inner liners will not be considered as a part of the waste when measuring or calculating the quantity of a dangerous waste. Only the weight of the residues in nonempty or nonrinsed containers or inner liners will be considered when determining waste quantities. (2) A container or inner liner is "empty" when: (a) All wastes in it have been taken out that can be removed using practices commonly employed to remove materials from that type of container or inner liner (e.g., pouring, pumping, aspirating, etc.) and, no more than one inch of waste remains at the bottom of the container or inner liner, or the volume of waste remaining in the container or inner liner is equal to three percent or less of the container's total capacity, or, if the container's total capacity is greater than one hundred ten gallons, the volume of waste remaining in the container or inner liner is no more than 0.3 percent of the container's total capacity. A container which held compressed gas is empty when the pressure inside the container equals or nearly equals atmospheric pressure; and (b) If the container or inner liner held acutely hazardous waste, as defined in WAC 173-303-040, toxic EHW as defined in WAC 173-303-100 or pesticides bearing the danger or warning label, the container or inner liner has been rinsed at least three times with an appropriate cleaner or solvent. The volume of cleaner or solvent used for each rinsing must be ten percent or more of the container's or inner liner's capacity or of sufficient quantity to thoroughly decontaminate the container. In lieu of rinsing for containers that might be damaged or made unusable by rinsing with liquids (for example, fiber or cardboard containers without inner liners), an empty container may be vacuum cleaned, struck, with the open end of the container up, three times (for example, on the ground, with a hammer or hand) to remove or loosen particles from the inner walls and corners, and vacuum cleaned again. Equipment used for the vacuum cleaning of residues from containers or inner liners must be decontaminated before discarding, in accordance with procedures approved by the department. A container or inner liner is also considered "empty" if the container or inner liner has been cleaned by another method that has been shown in the scientific literature, or by tests conducted by the generator, to achieve equivalent removal. Any rinsate or vacuumed residue that results from the cleaning of containers or inner liners must, whenever possible, be reused in a manner consistent with the original intended purpose of the substance in the container or inner liner. In the case of a farmer, if the rinsate is a pesticide residue then the rinsate must be managed or reused in a manner consistent with the application instructions on the pesticide label. On-site disposal or burial of pesticide residues is prohibited. Otherwise, the rinsate must be checked against the designation requirements (WAC 173-303-070 through 173-303-100) and, if designated, managed according to the requirements of this chapter. (c) In the case of a container, the inner liner, that prevented the container from contact with the commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical, has been removed. (3)(a) Any residues remaining in containers or inner liners that are "empty" as described in subsection (2) of this section will not be subject to the requirements of this chapter, and will not be considered as accumulated wastes for the purposes of calculating waste quantities. (b) Any dangerous waste in either: A container that is not empty, or an inner liner removed from a container that is not empty (as defined in subsection (2) of this section) is subject to the requirements of this chapter. (4) A person who cannot meet the provisions in (2)(b) of this section may petition the department to approve alternative container rinsing processes in accordance with WAC 173-303-910(1). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-160, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-160, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-160, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-160, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-160, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-160, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-160, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-160, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-140.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-161 Overpacked containers (labpacks). Small containers of dangerous waste may be placed in overpacked drums (or labpacks) provided that the following conditions are met: (1) Dangerous waste must be packaged in nonleaking inside containers. The inside containers must be of a design and constructed of a material that will not react dangerously with, be decomposed by, or be ignited by the contained waste. Inside containers must be tightly and securely sealed and, to the extent possible, should be full and have as little air as possible in them to minimize voids. The inside containers must be of the size and type specified in the Department of Transportation (DOT) hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR Parts 173, 178, and 179), if those regulations specify a particular inside container for the waste; (2) The inside containers must be overpacked in an open head DOT-specification drum shipping container which meets all of the requirements of 49 CFR Parts 173, 178, and 179. The overpack container must not exceed a capacity of 416-liter (110 gallon). The overpack container must have a sufficient quantity of sorbent material to completely sorb all of the liquid contents of the inside containers. The sorbent in overpack containers to be placed in a landfill must be nonbiodegradable in accordance with WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(iv). The outer container must be full after it has been packed with inside containers and sorbent material; (3) The sorbent material used must not be capable of reacting dangerously with, being decomposed by, or being ignited by the contents of the inside containers, in accordance with WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b); (4) Incompatible wastes, as defined in WAC 173-303-040, must not be placed in the same outside container; and (5) Reactive wastes, other than cyanide- or sulfide-bearing waste as defined in WAC 173-303-090 (7)(a)(v), must be treated or rendered nonreactive prior to packaging in accordance with subsections (1) through (4) of this section. Cyanide- and sulfide-bearing reactive waste may be packed in accordance with subsections (1) through (4) of this section without first being treated or rendered nonreactive. (6) An itemized listing of the chemicals, their concentrations and quantities per labpack must be kept by the generator for five years and must be readily available in case of an emergency during shipment, and for the purposes of preparing annual reports under WAC 173-303-220. (7) Such disposal is in compliance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a). Persons who incinerate labpacks according to the requirements in 40 CFR 268.42(c)(1) (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a)) may use fiber drums in place of metal outer containers. Such fiber drums must meet the DOT specifications in 49 CFR 173.12 and be overpacked according to the requirements in subsection (2) of this section. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-161, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-161, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-161, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-161, filed 1/4/89; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-161, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-161, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-170 Requirements for generators of dangerous waste. (1) A person is a dangerous waste generator if their solid waste is designated by the requirements of WAC 173-303-070 through 173-303-100. (a) The generator is responsible for designating their waste as DW or EHW. (b) The generator may request an exemption for their dangerous waste according to the procedures of WAC 173-303-072. (2) A dangerous waste generator must notify the department and obtain an EPA/state identification number as required by WAC 173-303-060, and must comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (3) Any generator who stores, treats, or disposes of dangerous waste on-site must perform their operations in accordance with the TSD facility requirements with the following exceptions: (a) Generators who accumulate dangerous wastes for less than ninety days as allowed under WAC 173-303-200 or for less than one hundred eighty days as allowed under WAC 173-303-201 and 173-303-202; (b) Generators who treat dangerous waste on-site in accumulation tanks, containers, and containment buildings provided that the generator maintains a log showing the date and amount of waste treated and complies with: (i) The applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-200, 173-303-201, and 173-303-202; and (ii) WAC 173-303-283(3); (c) Generators who treat special waste on-site provided: (i) The accumulation standards of WAC 173-303-073 (2)(a) and (b) are met; (ii) When treated in units other than tanks or containers, the unit is designed, constructed, and operated in a manner that prevents: (A) A release of waste and waste constituents to the environment; (B) Endangerment of health of employees or the public; (C) Excessive noise; (D) Negative aesthetic impact on the use of adjacent property. (iii) The treatment unit must also be inspected routinely for deterioration that would lead to a release and repairs must be conducted promptly. (4) The generator must comply with the special land disposal restrictions for certain dangerous wastes in WAC 173-303-140. (5) Persons responding to an explosives or munitions emergency in accordance with WAC 173-303-400 (2)(c)(xiii)(A)(IV) or 173-303-600 (3)(p)(i)(D) or (3)(p)(iv), and WAC 173-303-800 (7)(c)(i)(D) or (7)(c)(i)(E) are not required to comply with the standards of WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (6) Any person who exports or imports hazardous waste subject to the manifesting requirements of WAC 173-303-180 or to the universal waste management standards of WAC 173-303-573, to or from the countries listed in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) for recovery must comply with 40 CFR 262 subpart H. 40 CFR 262 subpart H is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-170, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-170, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-170, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-170, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-170, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-02-057 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-170, filed 1/5/88, effective 2/5/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-170, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-170, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-170, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-170, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-180 Manifest. Before transporting dangerous waste or offering dangerous waste for transport off the site of generation, the generator must prepare a manifest and must follow all applicable procedures described in this section. (1) This subsection describes the form and contents of dangerous waste manifests. 40 CFR Part 262 Appendix - Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest and Instructions (EPA Forms 8700-22 and 8700-22A and Their Instructions) is adopted by reference. The manifest must be EPA Form 8700-22 and, if necessary, EPA Form 8700-22A. The manifest must be prepared in accordance with the instructions for these forms, as described in the uniform manifest Appendix of 40 CFR Part 262, and in addition must contain the following information in the specified shaded items of the uniform manifest: (a) Item D - The first transporter's telephone number must be provided in this space; (b) Item F - If a second transporter is used, then the second transporter's telephone number must be provided in this space; (c) Item H - The designated receiving facility's telephone number must be provided in this space; (d) Item I, and R if the continuation sheet 8700-22A is used - The dangerous waste number (e.g., F001, D006, WT02) must be provided in this space for each corresponding waste entered and described under Item 11, and 28 if the continuation sheet 8700-22A is used. (Note: The waste code does not have to be entered in this block if it already appears in the corresponding U.S. DOT Description block.) As discussed in subsection (5) of this section, dangerous waste numbers WL01 or WL02 may be used in this space for labpacks; (e) Item O, (on the continuation sheet 8700-22A) - If a third transporter is used, then the third transporter's telephone number must be provided in this space; and (f) Item Q, (on the continuation sheet 8700-22A) - If a fourth transporter is used, then the fourth transporter's telephone number must be provided in this space. (2) The manifest must consist of enough copies to provide the generator, transporter(s), and facility owner/operator with a copy, and a copy for return to the generator. (3) Manifest procedures. (a) The generator must: (i) Sign and date the manifest certification by hand; (ii) Obtain the handwritten signature of the initial transporter and date of acceptance on the manifest; and (iii) Retain one copy in accordance with WAC 173-303-210, Generator recordkeeping. (b) The generator must give the remaining manifest copies to the transporter. (c) If the transporter is unable to deliver the dangerous waste shipment to the designated facility or the alternate facility, the generator must either designate another facility or instruct the transporter to return the waste shipment. (d) For shipments of dangerous waste within the United States solely by water (bulk shipments only), the generator must send three copies of the manifest dated and signed in accordance with this section to the owner or operator of the designated facility or the last water (bulk shipment) transporter to handle the waste in the United States if exported by water. Copies of the manifest are not required for each transporter. (e) For rail shipments of dangerous waste within the United States which originate at the site of generation, the generator must send at least three copies of the manifest dated and signed in accordance with this section to: (i) The next nonrail transporter, if any; or (ii) The designated facility if transported solely by rail; or (iii) The last rail transporter to handle the waste in the United States if exported by rail. (f) For shipments of federally regulated hazardous waste to a designated facility in an authorized state which has not yet obtained authorization to regulate that particular waste as hazardous, the generator must assure that the designated facility agrees to sign and return the manifest to the generator, and that any out-of-state transporter signs and forwards the manifest to the designated facility. (4) Special requirements for shipments to the Washington EHW facility at Hanford. (a) All generators planning to ship dangerous waste to the EHW facility at Hanford must notify the facility in writing and by sending a copy of the prepared manifest prior to shipment. (b) The generator must not ship any dangerous waste without prior approval from the EHW facility. The state operator may exempt classes of waste from the requirements of WAC 173-303-180 (4)(a) and (b) where small quantities or multiple shipments of a previously approved waste are involved, or there exists an emergency and potential threat to public health and safety. (5) Special instructions for shipment of labpacks. For purposes of completing the uniform dangerous waste manifest, dangerous waste numbers WL01 (for labpacks containing wastes designated as EHW) or WL02 (for labpacks containing wastes designated only as DW) may be used to complete Items I and R in lieu of the dangerous waste numbers that would otherwise be assigned to the contents of the labpack. (6) The requirements of this section and WAC 173-303-190(2) do not apply to the transport of dangerous wastes on a public or private right of way within or along the border of contiguous property under the control of the same person, even if such contiguous property is divided by a public or private right of way: Provided, That ecology has approved an alternative paper tracking system that serves the purpose of a manifest. Notwithstanding WAC 173-303-240(2), the generator or transporter must comply with the requirements for transporters set forth in WAC 173-303-270 and 173-303-145 in the event of a discharge of dangerous waste on a public or private right of way. (7) Special instructions for state-only dangerous waste that designates only by the criteria under WAC 173-303-100 and is not regulated as a hazardous waste under 40 CFR Part 261 or as a hazardous material under the 49 CFR hazardous material regulations. For purposes of completing the uniform hazardous waste manifest, Item 11, and Item 28 if continuation sheet 8700-22A is used, or to describe a state-only dangerous waste on a shipping paper, the shipping description must include the following in sequence with no additional information interspersed: (a) Material Not Regulated by DOT; (b) Washington State Dangerous Waste Only followed by the appropriate criteria designation of the waste that is either toxic, persistent, solid corrosive or a combination of these entered in parentheses; (c) Shipping description examples: Material Not Regulated by DOT (Washington State Dangerous Waste Only, Toxic); Material Not Regulated by DOT (Washington State Dangerous Waste Only, Toxic, Persistent); Material Not Regulated by DOT (Washington State Dangerous Waste Only, Solid Corrosive). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-180, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-180, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-180, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-180, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-180, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-180, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-180, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-180 and 173-302-190.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-190 Preparing dangerous waste for transport. The generator must fulfill the following requirements before transporting off-site or offering for off-site transport any dangerous waste. (1) Packaging. The generator must package all dangerous waste for transport in accordance with United States DOT regulations on packaging, 49 CFR Parts 173, 178, and 179. (2) Labeling. The generator must label each package in accordance with United States DOT regulations, 49 CFR Part 172. (3) Marking. The generator must: (a) Mark each package of dangerous waste in accordance with United States DOT regulations, 49 CFR Part 172; and (b) Mark each package containing one hundred ten gallons or less of dangerous waste with the following, or equivalent words and information, displayed in accordance with 49 CFR 172.304: HAZARDOUS WASTE - State and federal law prohibits improper disposal. If found, contact the nearest police or public safety authority, and the Washington state department of ecology or the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Generator's Name and Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manifest Document Number . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) Placarding. The generator will placard, or offer to the initial transporter all appropriate placards in accordance with United States DOT regulations, 49 CFR Part 172, Subpart F. (5) State-only dangerous waste that is not regulated as a hazardous waste under 40 CFR Part 261 or as a hazardous material under 49 CFR must fulfill the following requirements before transport: (a) Package in a nonleaking, nonsievable container or in a package that is equivalent to the manufacturing and testing specifications for packagings and containers of 49 CFR Parts 173, 178 and 179. (b) Mark each package containing one thousand gallons or less with the following: (i) Washington State Dangerous Waste-State law prohibits improper disposal. If found, contact the nearest police or public safety authority, and the Washington State Department of Ecology. The generator's name and address and manifest number must also be included; and (ii) The state shipping description as described in WAC 173-303-180(7). (c) Use of any other markings for a state-only dangerous waste is prohibited. (6) State-only dangerous waste that is also regulated as a hazardous material under 49 CFR must be packaged, labeled and marked in accordance with WAC 173-303-190 (1), (2), (3) and (5)(b)(i). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-190, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-190, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-190, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-190, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-190, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-200 Accumulating dangerous waste on-site. (1) A generator, not to include transporters as referenced in WAC 173-303-240(3), may accumulate dangerous waste on-site without a permit for ninety days or less after the date of generation, provided that: (a) All such waste is shipped off-site to a designated facility or placed in an on-site facility which is permitted by the department under WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-845 or recycled or treated on-site in ninety days or less. The department may, on a case-by-case basis, grant a maximum thirty day extension to this ninety day period if dangerous wastes must remain on-site due to unforeseen, temporary and uncontrollable circumstances. A generator who accumulates dangerous waste for more than ninety days is an operator of a storage facility and is subject to the facility requirements of this chapter and the permit requirements of this chapter as a storage facility unless he has been granted an extension to the ninety day period allowed pursuant to this subsection; (b)(i) The waste is placed in containers and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-630 (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), (9), (10), and 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts AA, BB, and CC incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a). For container accumulation (including satellite areas as described in subsection (2) of this section), the department may require that the accumulation area include secondary containment in accordance with WAC 173-303-630(7), if the department determines that there is a potential threat to public health or the environment due to the nature of the wastes being accumulated, or due to a history of spills or releases from accumulated containers. In addition, any new container accumulation areas (but not including new satellite areas, unless required by the department) constructed or installed after September 30, 1986, must comply with the provisions of WAC 173-303-630(7); and/or (ii) The waste is placed in tanks and the generator complies with 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts AA, BB, and CC incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a) and 173-303-640 (2) through (10), except WAC 173-303-640 (8)(c) and the second sentence of WAC 173-303-640 (8)(a). At WAC 173-303-640 (4)(c)(i) add "stress of installation" after "climatic conditions." (Note: A generator, unless otherwise required to do so, does not have to prepare a closure plan, a cost estimate for closure, or provide financial responsibility for his tank system to satisfy the requirements of this section.) Such a generator is exempt from the requirements of WAC 173-303-620 and 173-303-610, except for WAC 173-303-610 (2) and (5); and/or (iii) The waste is placed on drip pads and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-675 (at WAC 173-303-675 (4)(a)(v) add "stress of installation" after "climatic conditions") and maintains the following records at the facility: (A) A description of procedures that will be followed to ensure that all wastes are removed from the drip pad and associated collection system at least once every 90 days; and (B) Documentation of each waste removal, including the quantity of waste removed from the drip pad and the sump or collection system and the date and time of removal; and/or (iv) The waste is placed in containment buildings and the generator complies with 40 CFR Part 265 Subpart DD, which is incorporated by reference, and the generator has placed its professional engineer certification that the building complies with the design standards specified in 40 CFR 265.1101 in the facility's operating record no later than sixty days after the date of initial operation of the unit. After February 18, 1993, PE certification will be required prior to operation of the unit. The owner or operator shall maintain the following records at the facility: (A) A written description of procedures to ensure that each waste volume remains in the unit for no more than ninety days, a written description of the waste generation and management practices for the facility showing that they are consistent with respecting the ninety-day limit, and documentation that the procedures are complied with; or (B) Documentation that the unit is emptied at least once every 90 days. In addition, such a generator is exempt from all the requirements in WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620, except for WAC 173-303-610(2) and 173-303-610(5). (c) The date upon which each period of accumulation begins is marked and clearly visible for inspection on each container; (d) While being accumulated on site, each container and tank is labeled or marked clearly with the words "dangerous waste" or "hazardous waste." Each container or tank must also be marked with a label or sign which identifies the major risk(s) associated with the waste in the container or tank for employees, emergency response personnel and the public (Note -- If there is already a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state, or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate). The department may also require that a sign be posted at each entrance to the accumulation area, bearing the legend, "danger--unauthorized personnel keep out," or an equivalent legend, written in English, and legible from a distance of twenty-five feet or more; and (e) The generator complies with the requirements for facility operators contained in: (i) WAC 173-303-330 through 173-303-360 (personnel training, preparedness and prevention, contingency plan and emergency procedures, and emergencies) except for WAC 173-303-335 (Construction quality assurance program) and WAC 173-303-355 (SARA Title III coordination); and (ii) WAC 173-303-320 (1), (2)(a), (b), (d), and (3) (general inspection); and (f) The generator complies with 40 CFR 268.7(a)(5). (2) Satellite accumulation. (a) A generator may accumulate as much as fifty-five gallons of dangerous waste or one quart of acutely hazardous waste per waste stream in containers at or near any point of generation where waste initially accumulates (defined as a satellite accumulation area in WAC 173-303-040). The satellite area must be under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste or secured at all times to prevent improper additions of wastes to a satellite container. Satellite accumulation is allowed without a permit provided the generator: (i) Complies with WAC 173-303-630 (2), (4), (5) (a) and (b), (8)(a), and (9) (a) and (b); and (ii) Complies with subsection (1)(d) of this section. (b) When fifty-five gallons of dangerous waste or one quart of acutely hazardous waste is accumulated per waste stream, the container(s) must be marked immediately with the accumulation date and moved within three days to a designated storage or accumulation area. (c) On a case-by-case basis the department may require the satellite area to be managed in accordance with all or some of the requirements under subsection (1) of this section, if the nature of the wastes being accumulated, a history of spills or releases from accumulated containers, or other factors are determined by the department to be a threat or potential threat to human health or the environment. (3) For the purposes of this section, the ninety-day accumulation period begins on the date that: (a) The generator first generates a dangerous waste; or (b) The quantity (or aggregated quantity) of dangerous waste being accumulated by a small quantity generator first exceeds the accumulation limit for such waste (or wastes); or (c) Fifty-five gallons of dangerous waste or one quart of acutely hazardous waste, per waste stream, is accumulated in a satellite accumulation area. (4)(a) A generator who generates 2200 pounds or greater of dangerous waste per calendar month who also generates wastewater treatment sludges from electroplating operations that meet the listing description for the dangerous waste code F006, may accumulate F006 waste on-site for more than ninety days, but not more than one hundred eighty days without a permit or without having interim status provided that: (i) The generator has implemented pollution prevention practices that reduce the amount of any dangerous substances, pollutants or contaminants entering F006 or otherwise released to the environment prior to its recycling; (ii) The F006 waste is legitimately recycled through metals recovery; (iii) No more than 44,000 pounds of F006 waste is accumulated on-site at any one time; and (iv) The F006 waste is managed in accordance with the following: (A) The F006 waste is placed: (I) In containers and the generator complies with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-630 (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), (9), (10), and 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts AA, BB, and CC incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a); and/or (II) In tanks and the generator complies with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts AA, BB, and CC incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a) and 173-303-640 (2) through (10), except WAC 173-303-640 (8)(c) and the second sentence of WAC 173-303-640 (8)(a). At WAC 173-303-640 (4)(c)(i) add "stress of installation" after "climatic conditions"; and/or (III) In containment buildings and the generator complies with subpart DD of 40 CFR part 265 which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400(3), and has placed its professional engineer certification that the building complies with the design standards specified in 40 CFR 265.1101 in the facility's operating record prior to operation of the unit. The owner or operator must maintain the following records at the facility: ? A written description of procedures to ensure that the F006 waste remains in the unit for no more than one hundred eighty days, a written description of the waste generation and management practices for the facility showing that they are consistent with the one hundred eighty-day limit, and documentation that the generator is complying with the procedures; or ? Documentation that the unit is emptied at least once every one hundred eighty days. (B) In addition, such a generator is exempt from all the requirements in subparts G and H of 40 CFR part 265, except for 265.111 and 265.114 which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400(3). (C) The date upon which each period of accumulation begins is clearly marked and visible for inspection on each container; (D) While being accumulated on-site, each container and tank is labeled or marked clearly with the words, "Dangerous Waste"; and (E) The generator complies with the requirements for owners or operators in WAC 173-303-330, 173-303-340, and 173-303-350, and with 40 CFR 268.7 (a)(5) which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a). (b) A generator who generates 2200 pounds or greater of dangerous waste per calendar month who also generates wastewater treatment sludges from electroplating operations that meet the listing description for the dangerous waste code F006, and who must transport this waste, or offer this waste for transportation, over a distance of 200 miles or more for off-site metals recovery, may accumulate F006 waste on-site for more than ninety days, but not more than two hundred seventy days without a permit or without having interim status if the generator complies with the requirements of (a)(i) through (iv) of this subsection. (c) A generator accumulating F006 in accordance with (a) and (b) of this subsection who accumulates F006 waste on-site for more than one hundred eighty days (or for more than two hundred seventy days if the generator must transport this waste, or offer this waste for transportation, over a distance of two hundred miles or more), or who accumulates more than 44,000 pounds of F006 waste on-site is an operator of a storage facility and is subject to the facility and permit requirements of this chapter unless the generator has been granted an extension to the one hundred eighty-day (or two hundred seventy-day if applicable) period or an exception to the 44,000 pound accumulation limit. Such extensions and exceptions may be granted by the department if F006 waste must remain on-site for longer than one hundred eighty days (or two hundred seventy days if applicable) or if more than 44,000 pounds of F006 waste must remain on-site due to unforeseen, temporary, and uncontrollable circumstances. An extension of up to thirty days or an exception to the accumulation limit may be granted at the discretion of the department on a case-by-case basis. (5) National environmental performance track. 40 CFR Part 262.34 (j), (k), and (l) are incorporated by reference, except that: (a) 262.34 (j)(3)(i) (container management) is replaced with the first sentence of WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b)(i) and 173-303-630(7) (secondary containment); and (b) 262.34 (j)(3)(ii) (tank standards) is replaced with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b)(ii); and (c) 262.34 (j)(3)(iii) (drip pads) is replaced with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b)(iii), except for (A) and (B); and (d) 262.34 (j)(6) is replaced with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(c) and (d); and (e) The first sentence of 262.34 (j)(7) is replaced with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(e) and (f). The second sentence is replaced with: In addition, the generator is exempt from all the requirements of WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620, except for WAC 173-303-610 (2) and (5). However, where drip pads are subject to closure requirements in WAC 173-303-675(6), the applicable portions of WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620 continue to apply. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-200, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-200, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-200, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-200, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-200, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-200, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-200, filed 1/4/89; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-200, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-200, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-200, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-201 Special accumulation standards. (1) This section applies to persons who generate more than 220 pounds but less than 2200 pounds per calendar month and do not accumulate on-site more than 2200 pounds of dangerous waste. The special provisions of this section do not apply to acutely hazardous wastes or Toxic EHW (WT01) that exceed the QEL that are being generated or accumulated by the generator. (2) For purposes of accumulating dangerous waste on-site, persons who generate no more than 2200 pounds per month or who accumulate on-site no more than 2200 pounds of dangerous waste at any one time are subject to all applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-200 except as follows: (a) In lieu of the ninety-day accumulation period, dangerous wastes may be accumulated for one hundred eighty days or less. The department may, on a case-by-case basis, grant a maximum ninety-day extension to this one hundred eighty-day period if the generator must transport his waste, or offer his waste for transportation, over a distance of two hundred miles or more for off-site treatment, storage, or disposal, and the dangerous wastes must remain on-site due to unforeseen, temporary and uncontrollable circumstances; (b) The generator need not comply with WAC 173-303-330 (Personnel training); (c) In lieu of the contingency plan and emergency procedures required by WAC 173-303-350 and 173-303-360, the generator must comply with the following: (i) At all times there must be at least one employee either on the premises or on call (i.e., available to respond to an emergency by reaching the facility within a short period of time) with the responsibility for coordinating all emergency response measures specified in (c)(iv) of this subsection. This employee is the emergency coordinator. (ii) The generator must post the following information next to all emergency communication devices (including telephones, two-way radios, etc.): (A) The name and telephone number of the emergency coordinator; (B) Location of fire extinguishers and spill control material, and, if present, fire alarm; and (C) The telephone number of the fire department, unless the facility has a direct alarm. (iii) The generator must ensure that all employees are thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures, relevant to their responsibilities during normal facility operations and emergencies; (iv) The emergency coordinator or his designee must respond to any emergencies that arise. The applicable responses are as follows: (A) In the event of a fire, call the fire department or attempt to extinguish it using a fire extinguisher; (B) In the event of a spill, contain the flow of dangerous waste to the extent possible, and as soon as is practicable, clean up the dangerous waste and any contaminated materials or soil; (C) In the event of a fire, explosion, or other release which could threaten human health outside the facility or when the generator has knowledge that a spill has reached waters of the state, the generator must immediately notify the department and either the government official designated as the on-scene coordinator, or the National Response Center (using their twenty-four hour toll free number 800/424-8802). The report must include the following information: (I) The name, address, and EPA/state identification number of the generator; (II) Date, time, and type of incident (e.g., spill or fire); (III) Quantity and type of hazardous waste involved in the incident; (IV) Extent of injuries, if any; and (V) Estimated quantity and disposition of recovered materials, if any; (d) For waste that is placed in tanks, generators must comply with WAC 173-303-202 in lieu of WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b); (e) The generator does not need to comply with 40 CFR Part 265.176 and 40 CFR Subparts AA, BB, and CC, which have been incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-201, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-201, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-201, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-201, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-201, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-201, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-201, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-201, filed 6/3/86.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-202 Special requirements for generators of between two hundred twenty and two thousand two hundred pounds per month that accumulate dangerous waste in tanks. (1) This section applies to generators of more than two hundred twenty pounds but less than two thousand two hundred pounds of dangerous waste in a calendar month, that accumulate dangerous waste in tanks for less than one hundred eighty days (or two hundred seventy days if the generator must ship the waste greater than two hundred miles), and do not accumulate over two thousand two hundred pounds on-site at any time. (2) Generators of between two hundred twenty and two thousand two hundred pounds per month of dangerous waste must comply with the following general operating requirements: (a) Treatment or storage of dangerous waste in tanks must comply with WAC 173-303-395(1). (b) Dangerous wastes or treatment reagents must not be placed in a tank if they could cause the tank or its inner liner to rupture, leak, corrode, or otherwise fail before the end of its intended life. (c) Uncovered tanks must be operated to ensure at least sixty centimeters (two feet) of freeboard, unless the tank is equipped with a containment structure (e.g., dike or trench), a drainage control system, or a diversion structure (e.g., standby tank) with a capacity that equals or exceeds the volume of the top sixty centimeters (two feet) of the tank. (d) Where dangerous waste is continuously fed into a tank, the tank must be equipped with a means to stop this inflow (e.g., waste feed cutoff system or by-pass system to a standby tank). Note: These systems are intended to be used in the event of a leak or overflow from the tank due to a system failure (e.g., a malfunction in the treatment process, a crack in the tank, etc.). (3) Generators of between two hundred twenty and two thousand two hundred pounds per month accumulating dangerous waste in tanks must inspect, where present: (a) Discharge control equipment (e.g., waste feed cutoff systems, by-pass systems, and drainage systems) at least once each operating day, to ensure that it is in good working order; (b) Data gathered from monitoring equipment (e.g., pressure and temperature gauges) at least once each operating day to ensure that the tank is being operated according to its design; (c) The level of waste in the tank at least once each operating day to ensure compliance with subsection (2)(c) of this section; (d) The construction materials of the tank at least weekly to detect corrosion or leaking of fixtures or seams; and (e) The construction materials of, and the area immediately surrounding, discharge confinement structures (e.g., dikes,) at least weekly to detect erosion or obvious signs of leakage (e.g., wet spots or dead vegetation). Note: As required by WAC 173-303-320(3), the owner or operator must remedy any deterioration or malfunction he finds. (4) Generators of between two hundred twenty and two thousand two hundred pounds per month accumulating dangerous waste in tanks must, upon closure of the facility, remove all dangerous waste from tanks, discharge control equipment, and discharge confinement structures. Note: At closure, as throughout the operating period, unless the owner or operator can demonstrate, in accordance with WAC 173-303-070 (2)(a) or (b), that any solid waste removed from his tank is not a dangerous waste, the owner or operator becomes a generator of dangerous waste and must manage it in accordance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. (5) Generators of between two hundred twenty and two thousand two hundred pounds per month must comply with the following special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste: (a) Ignitable or reactive waste must not be placed in a tank, unless: (i) The waste is treated, rendered, or mixed before or immediately after placement in a tank so that: (A) The resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090 (5) or (7) of this chapter; and (B) WAC 173-303-395(1) is complied with; or (ii) The waste is stored or treated in such a way that it is protected from any material or conditions that may cause the waste to ignite or react; or (iii) The tank is used solely for emergencies. (b) The owner or operator of a facility which treats or stores ignitable or reactive waste in covered tanks must comply with the buffer zone requirements for tanks contained in Tables 2-1 through 2-6 of the National Fire Protection Association's "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code," (1977 or 1981). (6) Generators of between two hundred twenty and two thousand two hundred pounds per month must comply with the following special requirements for incompatible wastes: (a) Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials, (see 40 CFR Part 265 Appendix V for examples) must not be placed in the same tank, unless WAC 173-303-395(1) is complied with. (b) Dangerous waste must not be placed in an unwashed tank which previously held an incompatible waste or material, unless WAC 173-303-395(1) is complied with. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-202, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-202, filed 1/4/89.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-210 Generator recordkeeping. (1) The generator must keep a copy of each manifest signed by the initial transporter in accordance with WAC 173-303-180(3), manifest procedures, for three years, or until he receives a signed copy from the designated facility which received the waste. The signed facility copy must be retained for at least five years from the date the waste was accepted by the initial transporter. (2) The generator must keep a copy of each annual report and exception report as required by WAC 173-303-220 for a period of at least five years from the due date of each report. The generator must keep a copy of his most recent Dangerous Waste Site Identification Form until he is no longer defined as a generator under this chapter. (3) Waste designation records. (a) The generator must keep records of any test results, waste analyses, or other determinations made in accordance with WAC 173-303-170(1) for designating dangerous waste for at least five years from the date that the waste was last transferred for on-site or off-site treatment, storage, or disposal. (b) At a minimum, test results must include: (i) The sample source, sampling date, and sampling procedure used; (ii) The laboratory performing the test; (iii) The testing date, and testing method used; (iv) The analytical result, or the quantitative range of the testing method for analytes not detected. (4) Any other records required for generators accumulating wastes on-site as described in WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201 must be retained for at least five years, including, but not limited to such items as inspection logs. (5) The periods of retention for any records described in this section will be automatically extended during the course of any unresolved enforcement action requiring those records or upon request by the director. (6) All generator records, including plans required by this chapter, will be made available and furnished upon request by the director. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-210, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-210, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-210, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-210, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-210, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-210, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-210, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-210, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-220 Generator reporting. The generator must submit the following reports to the department by the specified due date for each report, or within the time period allowed for each report. (1) Annual reports. (a) A generator or any person who has obtained an EPA/state identification number pursuant to WAC 173-303-060 must submit an annual report to the department, on the Dangerous Waste Annual Report according to the instructions on the form (copies are available from the department), no later than March 1 for the preceding calendar year. (b) In addition, any generator who stores, treats, or disposes of dangerous waste on-site must comply with the annual reporting requirements of WAC 173-303-390, Facility reporting. Reporting for exports of hazardous waste is required on the annual report form. In addition, a separate annual report requirement is set forth at 40 CFR 262.56, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1). (2) Exception reports. (a) A generator who does not receive a copy of the manifest with the handwritten signature of the owner/operator of the designated facility within thirty-five days of the date the waste was accepted by the initial transporter must contact the transporter(s) and/or facility to determine the status of the dangerous waste shipment. (b) A generator must submit an exception report to the department if he has not received a copy of the manifest with the handwritten signature of the owner/operator of the designated facility within forty-five days of the date the waste was accepted by the initial transporter. (c) The exception report must include: (i) A legible copy of the manifest for which the generator does not have confirmation of delivery; and (ii) A cover letter signed by the generator or his representative explaining the efforts taken to locate the waste and the results of those efforts. (d) The department may require a generator to submit exception reports in less than forty-five days if it finds that the generator frequently or persistently endangers public health or the environment through improper waste shipment practices. (3) Additional reports. The director, as he deems necessary under chapter 70.105 RCW, may require a generator to furnish additional reports (including engineering reports, plans, and specifications) concerning the quantities and disposition of the generator's dangerous waste. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-220, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-220, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-220, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-220, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-220, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-220, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-220, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-230 Special conditions. (1) Exporting dangerous waste. Federal export requirements, administered by EPA, are set forth at 40 CFR 262 Subparts E and H and 40 CFR, 261.6 (a)(3)(i)(A) and (B), and specify the procedures applicable to generators and transporters of hazardous waste (as defined in WAC 173-303-040). These requirements are incorporated by reference. Copies of any forms or reports submitted to the administrator of United States EPA as required by 40 CFR 262 Subpart E must also be submitted to the department. (2) Importing dangerous waste. When importing dangerous waste from a foreign country into Washington state, the United States importer must comply with all the requirements of this chapter for generators, including the requirements of WAC 173-303-180(1), except that: (a) In place of the generator's name, address and EPA/state identification number, the name and address of the foreign generator and the importer's name, address and EPA/state identification number must be used; and (b) In place of the generator's signature on the certification statement, the United States importer or his agent must sign and date the certification and obtain the signature of the initial transporter. (c) A person who imports hazardous waste must obtain the manifest form from the consignment state if the state supplies the manifest and requires its use. If the consignment state does not supply the manifest form, then the manifest form may be obtained from any source. (3) Empty containers. For the purposes of this chapter, a person who stores, treats, disposes, transports, or offers for transport empty containers of dangerous waste that were for his own use will not be treated as a generator or as a facility owner/operator if the containers are empty as defined in WAC 173-303-160(2), and either: (a) The rinsate is not a dangerous waste under this chapter; or (b) He reuses the rinsate in a manner consistent with the original product or, if he is a farmer and the rinsate contains pesticide residues, he reuses or manages the rinsate in a manner consistent with the instructions on the pesticide label, provided that when the label instructions specify disposal or burial, such disposal or burial must be on the farmer's own (including rented, leased or tenanted) property. (4) Tank cars. A person rinsing out dangerous waste tote tanks, truck or railroad tank cars must handle the rinsate according to this chapter, and according to chapter 90.48 RCW, Water pollution control. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-230, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-230, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-230, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-230, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-230, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-230, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-230, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-230, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-230, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-240 Requirements for transporters of dangerous waste. (1) Applicability. This section establishes standards that apply to persons transporting dangerous waste and transporters who own or lease and operate a transfer facility. (2) A transporter must have a current EPA/state ID#. Transporters must comply with the notification and identification requirements of WAC 173-303-060. A transporter who has previously obtained an EPA/state ID# in another state is not required to obtain a new ID# when operating in Washington state. Transporters who must comply with the generator requirements as a result of a spill at a transfer facility or during transport must obtain a separate generator EPA/state ID# for the spill. (3) Any person who transports a dangerous waste must comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-240 through173-303-270 , when the dangerous waste must be manifested in accordance with WAC 173-303-180. (4) Any person who transports a dangerous waste must also comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-170 through173-303-230 for generators, if he: (a) Transports dangerous waste into the state from another country; or (b) Mixes dangerous waste of different United States DOT shipping descriptions by mixing them into a single container. (5) These requirements do not apply to on-site (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) transportation of dangerous waste by generators, or by owners or operators of permitted TSD facilities. (6) Transfer facility. The requirements of this subsection apply to a transporter or marine terminal operator who owns or leases and operates a transfer facility. Transfer of a shipment of dangerous waste from one transport vehicle to another transport vehicle, from one container to another container, and from one transporter to another transporter and any ten-day storage activities may only occur at a transfer facility that is registered with the department. A transporter may store manifested shipments of dangerous waste in containers meeting the requirements of WAC 173-303-190 (1), (2), (3), and (5) for ten days or less at a transfer facility: Provided, That he or she complies with the following: (a) A transporter who owns or leases and operates a transfer facility within Washington that is related to their dangerous waste transportation activities must register with the department. Washington registration is not required for a transporter whose activities are limited to passing through Washington with shipments of dangerous waste or picking up shipments from Washington generators or delivering shipments to designated treatment, storage or disposal facilities. In order to obtain registration, a transporter must complete a Dangerous Waste Site Identification Form according to the instructions and submit it to the department; (b) Maintains ten-day storage records that include the dates that a manifested shipment of dangerous waste entered the facility and departed the facility. The ten-day records must be retained for a period of three years from the date the shipment was transported from the transfer facility; (c) WAC 173-303-310 (1) and (2), Security. Instead of WAC 173-303-310(2) for an enclosed or an open flatbed transport vehicle parked at a transfer facility that has no twenty-four-hour surveillance system or natural or artificial barrier, the transport vehicle must meet the placarding requirements of 49 CFR Part 172 and be secured (that is, locked) or the shipment must be transferred to a secured area of the facility to prevent unknowing entry and minimize unauthorized entry; (d) WAC 173-303-320, General inspection. Instead of keeping inspection records for a period of five years from the date of inspection in WAC 173-303-320 (2)(d), inspection records must be kept at the transfer facility for one year from the date of inspection; (e) WAC 173-303-330, Personnel training; (f) WAC 173-303-340, Preparedness and prevention except WAC 173-303-340(3), Aisle space; (g) WAC 173-303-350, Contingency plan and emergency procedures; (h) WAC 173-303-360, Emergencies; (i) WAC 173-303-630 (2), (3), (4), (5)(a) and (b), (8), (9)(a) and (b) and (10), Use and management of containers; (j) WAC 173-303-630(7) in areas where waste is transferred from container to container and in areas where containers are stored outside in the weather. The secondary containment system must be completed by October 15, 2001. The department may, on a case-by-case basis, grant an extension to the required completion date if the transporter has a design and has entered into binding financial or other agreements for construction prior to October 15, 2001; (k) The requirements of WAC 173-303-630(7) may be required in areas other than those described in WAC 173-303-240 (6)(j) if the department determines that there is a potential threat to public health and the environment due to the nature of the wastes being stored or due to a history of spills or releases from waste stored in containers. (7) Transporter exemptions. A transporter will not be required to comply with the following: (a) The requirements of WAC 173-303-240(6) in the event of an emergency or other unforeseen event beyond the reasonable control of the transporter during transit over public highway, rail track or water route and the waste shipment is loaded, reloaded or transferred to another transport vehicle or container to facilitate transportation; (b) The requirements of WAC 173-303-240 (6)(i) and (j) for dangerous waste that is stored in a secured, enclosed transport vehicle, intermodal container or portable tank during the time it is parked at a transfer facility; (c) The requirements of WAC 173-303-240 (6)(i) and (j) for a transfer facility that is located at a pier, dock or barge unloading facility and associated with the loading and unloading of water vessels: Provided, That the dangerous waste shipment is stored within a transport unit, as defined under 49 CFR Part 176, and accepted by the approval authority of the United States Coast Guard; (d) The requirements of WAC 173-303-240 (6)(j) for dangerous waste that is stored within a building: Provided, That the floor is compatible with and sufficiently impervious to the waste stored and is designed and operated so that any release or spill will be captured within the building and will prevent any waste from migrating to the soil, ground water or surface water. (8) A transporter who accumulates or stores manifested shipments of dangerous waste for more than ten days at a transfer facility is subject to the dangerous waste management facility general requirements and permit requirements of this chapter with respect to the storage of those wastes. (9) Reference to WAC 173-303-200 in WAC 173-303-240(4) does not constitute authority for storage in excess of ten days for a transporter who owns or leases and operates a transfer facility. (10) The regulations in WAC 173-303-250 through173-303-260 do not apply to transportation during an explosives or munitions emergency response, conducted in accordance with WAC 173-303-400 (2)(c)(xiii)(A)(IV) or (xiii)(D) or WAC 173-303-600 (3)(p)(i)(D) or (3)(p)(iv), and WAC 173-303-800 (7)(c)(i)(C) or (D). (11) A transporter of hazardous waste subject to the manifesting requirements of WAC 173-303-180 or to the universal waste management standards of WAC 173-303-573, that is being imported from or exported to any of the countries listed in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) for purposes of recovery is subject to this section and to all other relevant requirements of 40 CFR subpart H part 262, including, but not limited to, 40 CFR 262.84 for tracking documents. 40 CFR subpart H is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-240, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-240, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-240, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-240, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-240, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-240, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-240, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-240, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-210.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-250 Dangerous waste acceptance, transport, and delivery. (1) A transporter must not accept dangerous waste from a generator unless it is accompanied by a manifest signed by the generator in accordance with WAC 173-303-180, Manifest. In the case of exports other than those subject to 40 CFR subpart H part 262 (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)), a transporter may not accept such waste from a primary exporter or other person if he knows the shipment does not conform to the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent; and unless, in addition to a manifest signed in accordance with the provisions of WAC 173-303-180, such waste is also accompanied by an EPA Acknowledgment of Consent which, except for shipment by rail, is attached to the manifest (or shipping paper for exports by water (bulk shipment)). For exports of hazardous waste subject to the requirements of 40 CFR subpart H part 262, a transporter may not accept hazardous waste without a tracking document that includes all information required by 40 CFR 262.84. (2) Before transporting a dangerous waste shipment, the transporter must sign and date the manifest, acknowledging acceptance of the dangerous waste. The transporter shall return a signed copy to the generator before commencing transport. (3) The transporter must insure that the manifest accompanies the dangerous waste shipment. (4) A transporter who delivers a dangerous waste to another transporter, or to the designated facility must: (a) Obtain the date of delivery and the handwritten signature of that transporter or designated facility owner/operator on the manifest; (b) Retain one copy of the manifest in accordance with WAC 173-303-260, Transporter recordkeeping; and (c) Give the remaining copies of the manifest to the accepting transporter or designated facility. (5) The transporter must deliver the entire quantity of dangerous waste which he has accepted from a generator or a transporter to: (a) The designated facility listed on the manifest; or (b) The alternate designated facility, if the dangerous waste cannot be delivered to the designated facility because an emergency prevents delivery; or (c) The next designated transporter; or (d) The place outside the United States designated by the generator. (6) If the dangerous waste cannot be delivered in accordance with subsection (5) of this section, the transporter must contact the generator for further directions, and must revise the manifest according to the generator's instructions. (7) The requirements of subsections (3), (4), and (8) of this section do not apply to water (bulk shipment) transporters if: (a) The dangerous waste is delivered by water (bulk shipment) to the designated facility; (b) A shipping paper containing all the information required on the manifest (excluding the EPA/state identification numbers, generator certification, and signatures) accompanies the dangerous waste; (c) The delivering transporter obtains the date of delivery and handwritten signature of the owner or operator of the designated facility on either the manifest or the shipping paper; (d) The person delivering the dangerous waste to the initial water (bulk shipment) transporter obtains the date of delivery and signature of the water (bulk shipment) transporter on the manifest and forwards it to the designated facility; and (e) A copy of the shipping paper or manifest is retained by each water (bulk shipment) transporter in accordance with WAC 173-303-260(2). (8) For shipments involving rail transportation, the requirements of subsections (3), (4), and (7) of this section do not apply and the following requirements do apply. (a) When accepting dangerous waste from a nonrail transporter, the initial rail transporter must: (i) Sign and date the manifest acknowledging acceptance of the dangerous waste; (ii) Return a signed copy of the manifest to the nonrail transporter; (iii) Forward at least three copies of the manifest to: (A) The next nonrail transporter, if any; or (B) The designated facility, if the shipment is delivered to that facility by rail; or (C) The last rail transporter designated to handle the waste in the United States; (iv) Retain one copy of the manifest and rail shipping paper in accordance with WAC 173-303-260(2). (b) Rail transporters must ensure that a shipping paper containing all the information required on the manifest (excluding the EPA/state identification numbers, generator certification, and signatures) accompanies the dangerous waste at all times. (c) When delivering dangerous waste to the designated facility, a rail transporter must: (i) Obtain the date of delivery and handwritten signature of the owner or operator of the designated facility on the manifest or the shipping paper (if the manifest has not been received by the facility); and (ii) Retain a copy of the manifest or signed shipping paper in accordance with WAC 173-303-260(2). (d) When delivering dangerous waste to a nonrail transporter a rail transporter must: (i) Obtain the date of delivery and the handwritten signature of the next nonrail transporter on the manifest; and (ii) Retain a copy of the manifest in accordance with WAC 173-303-260(2). (e) Before accepting dangerous waste from a rail transporter, a nonrail transporter must sign and date the manifest and provide a copy to the rail transporter. (9) Transporters who transport dangerous waste out of the United States must: (a) Indicate on the manifest the date the dangerous waste left the United States; (b) Sign the manifest and retain one copy in accordance with WAC 173-303-260(3), Transporter recordkeeping; and (c) Return a signed copy of the manifest to the generator. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-250, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-250, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-250, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-250, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-220 and 173-302-230.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-260 Transporter recordkeeping. (1) A transporter of dangerous waste must keep a copy of the manifest signed by the generator, himself, and the next designated transporter or the owner or operator of the designated facility for a period of three years from the date the dangerous waste was accepted by the initial transporter. (2) Water (bulk shipment) and rail transporter recordkeeping. (a) For shipments delivered to the designated facility by rail or water (bulk shipment), each rail or water (bulk shipment) transporter must retain a copy of a shipping paper containing all the information required on a manifest (excluding the EPA/state identification numbers, generator certification, and signatures) for a period of three years from the date the dangerous waste was accepted by the initial transporter. (b) For shipments of dangerous waste by rail within the United States: (i) The initial rail transporter must keep a copy of the manifest and shipping paper with all the information required on a manifest (excluding the EPA/state identification numbers, generator certification, and signatures) for a period of three years from the date the dangerous waste was accepted by the initial transporter; and (ii) The final rail transporter must keep a copy of the signed manifest (or the shipping paper if signed by the designated facility in lieu of the manifest) for a period of three years from the date the dangerous waste was accepted by the initial transporter. (3) A transporter who transports dangerous waste out of the United States must keep a copy of the manifest, indicating that the dangerous waste left the United States, for a period of three years from the date the dangerous waste was accepted by the initial transporter. (4) The periods of retention referred to in this section are extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity, or as requested by the director. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-260, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-260, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-260, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-270 Discharges during transport. In the event of a spill or discharge of dangerous waste during transportation, the transporter must comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-145, Spills and discharges into the environment. In addition to the notices required by WAC 173-303-145, the transporter must provide the following notifications: (1) Give notice to the generator of the waste that a discharge has occurred; (2) Give notice to the National Response Center (800-424-8802 or 202-426-2675), if required by 49 CFR 171.15; (3) Report in writing as required by 49 CFR 171.16 to the Director, Office of Hazardous Materials Regulations, Materials Transportation Bureau, Department of Transportation, Washington D.C., 20590; and, (4) For a water (bulk shipment) transporter, give the same notice as required by 33 CFR 153.203 for oil and hazardous substances. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-270, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-270, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-270, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-280 General requirements for dangerous waste management facilities. (1) Applicability. The requirements of WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395 apply to all owners and operators of facilities which store, treat, or dispose of dangerous wastes and which must be permitted under the requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC, unless otherwise specified in this chapter. Whenever a shipment of dangerous waste is initiated from a facility, the owner or operator of that facility must comply with the requirements for generators, WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (2) Imminent hazard. Notwithstanding any provisions of this chapter, enforcement actions may be brought in the event that the management practices of a facility present an imminent and substantial hazard to the public health and the environment, regardless of the quantity or concentration of a dangerous waste. (3) Identification numbers. Every facility owner or operator must apply for an EPA/state identification number from the department in accordance with WAC 173-303-060. (4) The owner or operator must comply with the special land disposal restrictions for certain dangerous wastes in WAC 173-303-140. (5) Salt dome formations, salt bed formations, underground mines and caves. The placement of any noncontainerized or bulk liquid dangerous waste in any salt dome formation, salt bed formation, underground mine or cave is prohibited. (6) The requirements of WAC 173-303-290 through 173-303-360 and WAC 173-303-395 do not apply to cleanup-only facilities. Instead, owners/operators of cleanup-only facilities must comply with the following requirements. (a) Obtain an EPA/state identification number in accordance with WAC 173-303-060(2). (b) Obtain a detailed chemical and physical analysis of a representative sample of the dangerous remediation waste to be treated, stored or disposed at the site. At a minimum, this analysis must contain all information that must be known to treat, store or dispose of the dangerous remediation waste according to WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), 173-303-280 through 173-303?395 and WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695 and must be kept accurate and up to date. (c) Prevent people who are unaware of the danger from entering, and minimize the possibility for unauthorized people or livestock to enter onto the active portion of the remediation waste management site, unless the owner or operator can demonstrate to the director that: (i) Physical contact with the dangerous remediation waste, structures or equipment within the active portion of the remediation waste management site will not injure people or livestock who may enter the active portion of the remediation waste management site; and (ii) Disturbance of the dangerous remediation waste or equipment by people or livestock who enter onto the active portion of the remediation waste management site will not cause a violation of the requirements of WAC 173-303-280 through173-303-395 or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695. (d) Inspect the remediation waste management site for malfunctions, deterioration, operator errors, and discharges that may lead to a release of dangerous constituents to the environment or a threat to human health. Inspections must be conducted often enough to identify problems in time to correct them before they harm human health or the environment. Problems must be remedied before they lead to a human health or environmental threat. Where a hazard is imminent or has already occurred, remedial action must be taken immediately. (e) Provide personnel with classroom or on-the-job training on how to perform their duties in a way that ensures the remediation waste management site complies with the requirements of WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303?395 and WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695 and on how to effectively respond to emergencies. (f) Take precautions to prevent accidental ignition or reaction of ignitable or reactive dangerous remediation waste and prevent threats to human health and the environment from ignitable, reactive and incompatible dangerous remediation waste. (g) Develop and maintain a construction quality assurance program for all surface impoundments, waste piles and landfill units that are required to comply with WAC 173-303-650 (2)(j) and (k), 173-303-660 (2)(j) and (k) or 173-303-655 (2)(h), (i) and (j). The construction quality assurance must meet the requirements of WAC 173-303-335. (h) Develop and maintain procedures to prevent accidents and a contingency and emergency plan to control accidents that occur. The procedures must address proper design, construction, maintenance and operation of remediation waste management units at the site. The goal of the plan must be to minimize the possibility of, and the hazards from, a fire, explosion or any other unplanned sudden or nonsudden release of dangerous remediation waste or dangerous constituents to the air, soil or surface water that could threaten human health or the environment. The plan must explain specifically how to treat, store or dispose of the remediation waste in question and must be implemented immediately whenever a fire, explosion or release of dangerous remediation waste or dangerous constituents occurs and could threaten human health or the environment. (i) Designate at least one employee, either on the remediation waste management site premises or on call (that is, available to respond to an emergency by reaching the remediation waste management site quickly), to coordinate all emergency response measures. The emergency coordinator must be thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the remediation waste management site contingency plan, all operations and activities at the site, the location and characteristics of dangerous remediation waste handled, the location of all records within the site, and the site layout. The emergency coordinator must have authority to commit the resources needed to carry out the contingency plan. (j) Develop, maintain and implement a plan to meet the requirements of this subsection. (k) Maintain records documenting compliance with this subsection. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-280, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-280, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-280, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-02-057 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-280, filed 1/5/88, effective 2/5/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-280, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-280, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-280, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-280, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-281 Notice of intent. (1) Purpose. The purpose of this section is to provide notification to the department, local communities and the public that the siting of a dangerous waste management facility is being considered. Also, to provide general information about the proposed facility owner/operator, the type of facility and the types of wastes to be managed and compliance with the siting criteria. (2) Applicability. This section applies to owners/operators of proposed facilities. This section also applies to existing facilities applying for a significant expansion, as defined in WAC 173-303-282(3). This section does not apply to owners/operators of facilities or portions of facilities who are applying for research, development and demonstration permits, pursuant to section 3005(g) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, codified in 40 CFR Part 270.65. In addition, this section does not apply to owners/operators of facilities operating under an emergency permit pursuant to WAC 173-303-804 or to persons at facilities conducting on-site cleanup of sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, Sections 3004(u), 3004(v), and 3008(h) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, chapter 70.105 RCW, or chapter 70.105D RCW, provided the cleanup activities are being conducted under a consent decree, agreed order, or enforcement order, or is being conducted by the department or United States Environmental Protection Agency. As used in this section: (a) "Proposed facility" means a facility which has not qualified for interim status under WAC 173-303-805 or for which the department has not issued a final facility permit under WAC 173-303-806 prior to the effective date of this section; (b) "Existing facility" means a facility which has qualified for interim status under WAC 173-303-805 or for which the department has issued a final facility permit under WAC 173-303-806 prior to the effective date of this section; and (c) "Expansion" means the enlargement of the land surface area of an existing facility from that described in an interim status permit application or final status permit, the addition of a new dangerous waste management process, or an increase in the overall design capacity of existing dangerous waste management processes at a facility. (3) Notice of intent to file for an interim status or a dangerous waste permit. (a) The notice of intent to be prepared by the owners/operators of the applicable facilities must consist of: (i) The name, address, and telephone number of the owner, operator, and corporate officers; (ii) The location of the proposed facility or expansion on a topographic map with specifications as detailed in WAC 173-303-806 (4)(a)(xviii); (iii) A brief description of the types and amounts of wastes to be managed annually; (iv) A brief description of the major equipment items proposed, if any, and the waste management activities requiring a permit or revision of an existing permit; (v) Demonstration of compliance with the siting criteria as required under WAC 173-303-282 (6) and (7). The site conditions with regards to satisfying the criteria are to be assessed as of the date of submittal of the notice of intent to the department; (vi) For informational purposes a complete summary of compliance violations of permit conditions at hazardous waste management facilities owned or operated by the applicant, its subsidiaries or its parent company, during the ten calendar years preceding the permit application. Along with the summary of compliance violations, as issued by appropriate state or federal regulatory agencies, the applicant must also submit responses to past violations and any written correspondence with regulatory agencies regarding the compliance status of any hazardous waste management facility owned or operated by the applicant, its subsidiaries or parent company of the owner or operator. A more detailed compliance record must be provided upon request by the department; (vii) For informational purposes the need for the proposed facility or expansion must be demonstrated by one of the following methods: (A) Current overall capacity within Washington is inadequate for dangerous wastes generated in Washington as determined by regional or state dangerous waste management plans; or (B) The facility is a higher priority management method, as described in RCW 70.105.150, than is currently in place or practical and available for the types of waste proposed to be managed; or (C) The facility will add to the types of technology available or will reduce cost impacts (not to include transportation costs) to Washington generators for disposal of dangerous wastes; and (ix) For informational purposes it must be shown how the capacity of the proposed facility or expansion will affect the overall capacity within the state, in conjunction with existing facilities in Washington. (b) The notice of intent must be filed with the department, and copies must be made available for public review, no less than one hundred fifty days prior to filing an application for a permit or permit revision. The department will send a copy of the notice of intent to the elected officials of the lead local government and all local governments within the potentially affected area as required by WAC 173-303-902 (5)(b)(i). The department will continue to coordinate with interested local governments throughout the review of the proposal. (c) Reserved. (4) Preapplication public meeting and notice. (a) Applicability. The requirements of subsections (4), (5), and (6) of this section apply to all final facility (part B) applications seeking initial permits for dangerous waste management units over which the department has permit issuance authority. These requirements also apply to final facility part B applications seeking renewal of permits for such units, where the renewal application is proposing a significant change in facility operations. For the purposes of these subsections, a "significant change" is any change that would qualify as a class 3 permit modification under WAC 173-303-840(4). For the purposes of these subsections only, "dangerous waste management units over which the department has permit issuance authority" refers to dangerous waste management units for which the department has been authorized to issue dangerous waste permits. The requirements of these subsections do not apply to permit modifications under WAC 173-303-840(4) or to applications that are submitted for the sole purpose of conducting post-closure activities or post-closure activities and corrective action at a facility. The applicant's meeting date must be coordinated with and approved by ecology. If timing allows, both the applicant and ecology's meetings may be held on the same day. (b) Prior to the submission of a part B final facility permit application for a facility, the applicant must hold at least one meeting with the public in order to solicit questions from the community and inform the community of proposed dangerous waste management activities. The applicant must post a sign-in sheet or otherwise provide a voluntary opportunity for attendees to provide their names and addresses. (c) The applicant must submit a summary of the meeting, along with the list of attendees and their addresses developed under (b) of this subsection, and copies of any written comments or materials submitted at the meeting, to the department as a part of the part B application, in accordance with WAC 173-303-806 (4)(a). (d) The applicant must provide public notice of the preapplication meeting at least thirty days prior to the meeting. The applicant must maintain, and provide to the department upon request, documentation of the notice. (i) The applicant must provide public notice in all of the following forms: (A) A newspaper advertisement. The applicant must publish a notice, fulfilling the requirements in (d)(ii) of this subsection, in a newspaper of general circulation in the county or equivalent jurisdiction that hosts the proposed location of the facility. In addition, the department will instruct the applicant to publish the notice in newspapers of general circulation in adjacent counties, where the department determines that such publication is necessary to inform the affected public. The notice must be published as a display advertisement. (B) A visible and accessible sign. The applicant must post a notice on a clearly marked sign at or near the facility, fulfilling the requirements in (d)(ii) of this subsection. If the applicant places the sign on the facility property, then the sign must be large enough to be readable from the nearest point where the public would pass by the site. (C) A broadcast media announcement. The applicant must broadcast a notice, fulfilling the requirements in (d)(ii) of this subsection, at least once on at least one local radio station or television station. The applicant may employ another medium with prior approval of the department. (D) A notice to the department. The applicant must send a copy of the newspaper notice to the department and to the appropriate units of state and local government, in accordance with WAC 173-303-840 (3)(e)(i)(E). (ii) The notices required under (d)(i) of this subsection must include: (A) The date, time, and location of the meeting; (B) A brief description of the purpose of the meeting; (C) A brief description of the facility and proposed operations, including the address or a map (e.g., a sketched or copied street map) of the facility location; (D) A statement encouraging people to contact the facility at least seventy-two hours before the meeting if they need special access to participate in the meeting; and (E) The name, address, and telephone number of a contact person for the applicant. (5) Public notice requirements at the application stage. (a) Applicability. The requirements of this section apply to all final facility part B applications seeking initial permits for dangerous waste management units over which the department has permit issuance authority. The requirements of this section also apply to final facility part B applications seeking renewal of permits for such units under WAC 173-303-806 (7)(a). For the purposes of this section only, "dangerous waste management units over which the department has permit issuance authority" refers to dangerous waste management units for which the department has been authorized to issue final facility permits. The requirements of this section do not apply to permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(4) or permit applications submitted for the sole purpose of conducting post-closure activities or post-closure activities and corrective action at a facility. (b) Notification at application submittal. (i) The department will provide public notice as set forth in WAC 173-303-840 (3)(e)(i)(D), and notice to appropriate units of state and local government as set forth in WAC 173-303-840 (3)(e)(i)(E), that a part B permit application has been submitted to the department and is available for review. (ii) The notice will be published within a reasonable period of time after the application is received by the department. The notice must include: (A) The name and telephone number of the applicant's contact person; (B) The name and telephone number of the department's contact, and a mailing address to which information, opinions, and inquiries may be directed throughout the permit review process; (C) An address to which people can write in order to be put on the facility mailing list; (D) The location where copies of the permit application and any supporting documents can be viewed and copied; (E) A brief description of the facility and proposed operations, including the address or a map (for example, a sketched or copied street map) of the facility location on the front page of the notice; and (F) The date that the application was submitted. (iii) Concurrent with the notice required under (b) of this subsection, the department will place the permit application and any supporting documents in a location accessible to the public in the vicinity of the facility or at the department's office. (6) Information repository. (a) Applicability. The requirements of this section apply to all applications seeking final facility permits for dangerous waste management units over which the department has permit issuance authority. For the purposes of this section only, "dangerous waste management units over which the department has permit issuance authority" refers to dangerous waste management units for which the department has been authorized to issue dangerous waste permits. (b) The department may assess the need, on a case-by-case basis, for an information repository. When assessing the need for an information repository, the department will consider a variety of factors, including: The level of public interest; the type of facility; the presence of an existing repository; and the proximity to the nearest copy of the administrative record. If the department determines, at any time after submittal of a permit application, that there is a need for a repository, then the department will notify the facility that it must establish and maintain an information repository. (See WAC 173-303-810(16) for similar provisions relating to the information repository during the life of a permit.) (c) The information repository must contain all documents, reports, data, and information deemed necessary by the department to fulfill the purposes for which the repository is established. The department will have the discretion to limit the contents of the repository. (d) The information repository must be located and maintained at a site chosen by the facility. If the department finds the site unsuitable for the purposes and persons for which it was established, due to problems with the location, hours of availability, access, or other relevant considerations, then the department will specify a more appropriate site. (e) The department will specify requirements for informing the public about the information repository. At a minimum, the department will require the facility to provide a written notice about the information repository to all individuals on the facility mailing list. (f) The facility owner/operator will be responsible for maintaining and updating the repository with appropriate information throughout a time period specified by the department. The department may close the repository at its discretion, based on the factors in (b) of this subsection. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-281, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-281, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-281, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21A.080 and 70.105.210, et seq. 90-20-016, § 173-303-281, filed 9/21/90, effective 10/22/90. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-281, filed 9/6/88.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-282 Siting criteria. (1) Purpose. This section establishes siting criteria which serve as an initial screen in the consideration of sites for dangerous waste management facilities. The purpose of the siting criteria is to immediately disqualify proposed dangerous waste facility sites in locations considered unsuitable or inappropriate for the management of dangerous wastes. Under RCW 70.105.200 (1)(d), siting criteria cannot prevent existing dangerous waste management facilities from operating at or below their present level of activity. A proposed site which is not disqualified under these criteria will be further studied to determine if it qualifies under site specific rules. Compliance with the siting criteria does not imply that a given project at a given location poses an acceptable level of risk, nor does it commit the department to the issuance of a dangerous waste permit. Projects that demonstrate compliance with the siting criteria will be subjected to comprehensive environmental and technical review pursuant to applicable laws and regulations before the department makes a final decision on a dangerous waste permit. The department may deny a permit or require protective measures such as engineering enhancements or increased setback distances from resources in order to ensure protection of human health and the environment. (2) Applicability. (a) Except as otherwise specifically provided, this section applies to: (i) Owners/operators of proposed facilities; and (ii) Owners or operators of existing land-based facilities at which an expansion of the land based unit is proposed; (iii) Owners or operators of existing incinerators at which an expansion is proposed; and (iv) Owners or operators proposing a significant expansion of other existing dangerous waste management facilities not subject to (a)(i), (ii) and (iii) of this subsection, unless the owner/operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the proposed expansion will provide a net increase in protection to human health and the environment beyond that which is currently provided at the facility. However, demonstrations under this subsection (iv) must not result in treatment or storage facilities expanding into land-based or incineration facilities if siting criteria cannot be satisfied. (b) This section does not apply to: (i) Owners/operators of facilities or portions of facilities who are applying for research, development and demonstration permits, pursuant to section 3005(g) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, codified in 40 CFR Part 270.65 or WAC 173-303-809; (ii) Owners/operators of facilities operating under an emergency permit pursuant to WAC 173-303-804; (iii) Persons at facilities conducting on-site cleanup of sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, Sections 3004(u), 3004(v), and 3008(h) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, chapter 70.105 RCW, or chapter 70.105D RCW, provided the cleanup activities are being conducted under a consent decree, agreed order, or enforcement order, or is being conducted by the department or United States Environmental Protection Agency; (iv) Persons managing solid wastes who become subject to dangerous waste regulations through amendments to this chapter after the effective date of this section. This provision applies only to those activities operated in accordance with local, state, and federal requirements and which were being conducted prior to becoming subject to dangerous waste regulations, chapter 173-303 WAC or expansions, if it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the department that the proposed expansion of such activities will provide a net increase in protection to human health and the environment beyond that which is currently provided at the facility; or (v) Owners/operators of facilities which recycle hazardous waste and: (A) Are otherwise exempt from regulation by this chapter under 120; (B) Have notified the department pursuant to WAC 173-303-060, prior to the effective date of this section; (C) Are currently operating as a recycling facility as of the effective date of this regulation; and (D) Seek only to obtain a tank or container storage permit to support recycling operations under this chapter. Further, significant expansions of such storage facilities meeting the qualifications for this exemption may be considered under subsection (2)(a)(iv) of this section. (3) Definitions. Any terms used in this section that are not defined below have the meanings provided in WAC 173-303-040. For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the described meanings: (a) "Aquifer of beneficial use" means an aquifer that contains sufficient quality and quantity of water to allow it to be withdrawn for beneficial uses which include, but are not limited to, uses for domestic, stock watering, industrial, commercial, agricultural, irrigation, mining, fish and wildlife maintenance and enhancement, or recreational purposes. (b) "Displacement" means the relative movement of any two sides of a fault measured in any direction. (c) "Domestic water use" means any water used for human consumption, other domestic activities or livestock watering for which the department has issued a permit of water right for surface water diversions pursuant to chapter 90.03 RCW, or for a well pursuant to chapter 90.44 RCW, or for which the department has received a well water report pursuant to RCW 18.104.050, or for any other valid water right claimed in accordance with chapter 90.14 RCW. This does not apply to wells abandoned in compliance with chapter 173-160 WAC. (d) "Existing facility" means a facility which has qualified for interim status under WAC 173-303-805 or for which the department has issued a final facility permit under WAC 173-303-806. (e) "Expansion" means the enlargement of the land surface area of an existing facility from that described in an interim status permit application or final facility permit, the addition of a new dangerous waste management process, or an increase in overall design capacity of existing dangerous waste management processes at a facility. However, a process or equipment change within the existing handling code (not to include "other") as defined under WAC 173-303-380 (2)(d) will not be considered a new dangerous waste management process. (f) "Fault" means a fracture along which rocks or soils on one side have been displaced with respect to those on the other side. (g) "Holocene" means the most recent epoch of the Quaternary period, extending from the end of the Pleistocene to the present. (h) "Land-based facility" means a dangerous waste management facility which falls under the definition of land disposal as defined in Section 3004(k) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. These facilities use the land as an integral part of their waste management method and include, but are not limited to, landfills, surface impoundments, waste piles, and land treatment facilities. For the purposes of this section, this would not include waste piles in which the dangerous wastes are stored inside or under a structure that provides protection from precipitation and when runoff, leachate, or other types of waste dispersal are not generated under any conditions. (i) "Nonland based facility" means a facility which does not use the land as an integral part of its waste management method and is not subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-806 (4)(a)(xxi). These facilities include, but are not limited to, tanks, containers, and incinerators. (j) "Perennial surface water body" means a surface water body which is normally continuous with natural flows throughout the year or an annually recurring body of water including lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, reservoirs, inland waters, and saltwaters. This does not include roadside ditches or storm drains. However, this definition does apply to irrigation or domestic water supply channels existing, or planned and approved by a governmental agency, at the time an owner/operator submits a notice of intent. (k) "Preempted facility" means any facility that includes as a significant part of its activities any of the following operations: (i) Landfill; (ii) incineration; (iii) land treatment; (iv) surface impoundment to be closed as a landfill; or (v) waste pile to be closed as a landfill. (l) "Prime farmland" means the land which has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber or oilseed crops, and is also available for these uses. It has the soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply needed to economically produce sustained high yields of crops when treated and managed, including water management, according to acceptable farming methods. In general, prime farmland has an adequate and dependable water supply from precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. It is permeable to water and air. Prime farmland is not excessively erodible or saturated with water for a long period of time, and it either does not flood frequently or is protected from flooding. Prime farmland will be determined by those general and specific criteria as defined in the National Soils Handbook, Soil Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. and 7 CFR 2.62. Areas of prime farmland are identified in the most recent county soil survey maps prepared by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. (m) "Proposed facility" means a facility which has not qualified for interim status under WAC 173-303-805 or for which the department has not issued a final facility permit under WAC 173-303-806. (n) "Public gathering places" means a place such as a public or private health care or child care facility; an educational institution; a church; a government institution not associated with dangerous waste management; or a retail shopping center. (o) "Residence" means any dwelling including, but not limited to, private homes, rental homes, boarding houses, apartments, motels, or hotels. (p) "Significant expansion" means an expansion of an existing facility, operating under interim status or a final status permit, that is considered a class three modification as designated by 40 CFR Parts 270.41 and 270.42. Examples include, but are not limited to, a modification or addition of container units resulting in greater than a twenty-five percent increase in the facility's container storage capacity, storage of different wastes in containers that require additional or different management practices from those authorized under interim status or by a final status permit, and a modification or addition of tank units resulting in greater than twenty-five percent increase in the facility's capacity. For the purposes of this section, a single or cumulative increase of greater than twenty-five percent of the process design capacity as described in the facility's original Part A permit application will be considered a significant expansion. (q) "Slope and soil instability" means areas for which there is credible evidence of, or the potential for, landslides, slumps, avalanches, earth or mud flows, or other unsuitable slope conditions. (r) "Subsidence" means areas for which there is credible evidence of, or potential for, sinking of the land surface. Areas of subsurface mines, caves, cavernous materials, or where there has been significant removal of fluids may provide credible evidence of subsidence. (s) "Wetland" means land transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. For purposes of this classification a wetland must have one or more of the following three attributes: (i) At least periodically, the land supports predominantly hydrophytes; (ii) the substrate is predominantly undrained hydric soil; and (iii) the substrate is nonsoil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of each year. The Joint Federal Methodology for Identifying and Delineating Wetlands must be used for defining the upland boundary of wetlands. (4) Implementation. (a) Submittal of information to demonstrate compliance. Documentation that a proposed facility or expansion site meets the siting criteria must be submitted to the department: (i) In the notice of intent for those facilities for which a notice of intent is filed after the effective date of this section; or (ii) Within ninety days of the effective date of this section for proposed facilities for which a notice of intent or an application for a Part B permit has been submitted to the department prior to the effective date of this section. (b) Consultation by department. The department will consult with the lead local government as defined in WAC 173-303-902 (4)(h) and consider those local land use, building, fire, air quality, and transportation standards to the extent they add to and do not conflict with the requirements of this section. Such consultation and consideration will be made prior to the department's rendering of a tentative decision under subsection (4)(c) of this section. (c) Response by department. Within sixty days of receipt of a demonstration of compliance, the department will undertake one of the following actions: (i) Return the demonstration of compliance as incomplete with written comments identifying the need for additional information. The owner or operator may resubmit the demonstration of compliance with complete information; or (ii) Render a written tentative decision to approve or deny the demonstration of compliance. (d) Public notice and hearing process. The department in making a tentative decision to approve or deny a demonstration of compliance with this section will take the following actions: (i) For land-based facilities and incinerators: (A) The department will publish a notice of its tentative decision in a daily or weekly newspaper of general circulation in the potentially affected area, and will give notice by other reasonable methods to persons potentially affected. (B) The department will hold a public hearing at a location convenient to the public in the potentially affected area. Notice of the date, time, purpose, and place of the hearing will be provided in the publication of notice. (C) The department will accept comments on its tentative decision for a minimum of forty-five days. (D) After evaluating all public comments the department will make a final decision in accordance with chapter 34.05 RCW. The department will either approve or deny the owner/operator's demonstration of compliance. (ii) For nonland-based facilities, excluding incinerators: (A) The department will publish a notice of its tentative decision in a daily or weekly newspaper of general circulation in the potentially affected area, and will give notice by other reasonable methods to persons potentially affected. (B) Upon the written request of any interested person, the department may hold a public hearing to consider public comments on the owner or operator's demonstration of compliance. A person requesting the hearing must state the issues to be raised and explain why written comments would not suffice. In any case, if ten or more persons request a public hearing on the subject of the department's tentative decision, the department will hold a public hearing for the purpose of receiving comments. (C) The department will accept comments on its tentative decision for a minimum of forty-five days. (D) After evaluating all public comments the department will make a final decision in accordance with chapter 34.05 RCW. The department will either approve or deny the owner or operator's demonstration of compliance. (5) Appeal of a department decision. Any person who is adversely affected by a decision of the department under this section may appeal the decision to the pollution control hearings board pursuant to the authority of WAC 173-303-845. (6) Criteria for elements of the natural environment. The following siting criteria establish locations from which facilities are excluded and establish minimum setback distances from identified resources. Unless otherwise stated, setback distances are measured horizontally from the dangerous waste management unit boundary to the identified resource. These criteria will be used as an initial screening tool in the selection of sites which may be considered by the department for the purpose of managing dangerous waste. A more comprehensive evaluation of locational factors will occur during the department's review of a permit application. The department may deny a permit or impose additional setback distances or other permit requirements if necessary to protect human health and the environment. (a) Earth. The intent of this subsection is to reduce the potential for the release of dangerous waste into the environment because of structural damage to facilities subject to the hazards identified below. The owner/operator must provide supportive geologic, geotechnical, and soils information. (i) Seismic risk. All dangerous waste management facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is located at least five hundred feet from a fault which has had displacement in Holocene times. (ii) Subsidence. No dangerous waste management facility may be located such that the dangerous waste management unit is within an area of subsidence. (iii) Slope or soil instability. No dangerous waste management facility may be located such that the dangerous waste management unit is within an area of slope or soil instability, nor in the areas affected by unstable slope or soil conditions. (b) Air. The intent of this subsection is to reduce the potential for further degradation of air quality in areas currently experiencing air quality impacts. (i) Incineration facilities may not be located in a Class I area designated in accordance with Section 162 or 164 of the Federal Clean Air Act (under WAC 173-300-030(13)). (ii) Incineration facilities may not be located in a nonattainment area designated by the department unless compensating emission offset can be achieved. (iii) Proposed incineration facilities must comply with WAC 173-303-806 (4)(a)(xxii) during the permitting process. (c) Water. The intent of this subsection is to reduce the potential for contaminating waters of the state in the event of a release of dangerous wastes. (i) Surface water. (A) Flood, seiche, and tsunami protection. (I) No dangerous waste management facility or dangerous waste management unit may be located within the one hundred-year flood plain as indicated in the most current Federal Emergency Management Agency maps. (II) The owner/operator of a nonland-based facility must identify whether the facility is intended to be located within the five hundred-year flood plain, as indicated in the most current Federal Emergency Management Agency maps. Nonland-based facilities will require special design features so as to prevent flooding of the dangerous waste management unit in the event of a five hundred-year flood. (III) Land-based facilities may not be located within the five hundred-year flood plain as indicated in the most current Federal Emergency Management Agency maps. (IV) Dangerous waste management facilities may not be located in areas subject to seiches, or coastal flooding including tsunamis or storm surges as indicated in the most current maps of the National Flood Insurance Program of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (B) Perennial surface water bodies. (I) Nonland-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least five hundred feet from a perennial surface water body. (II) Land-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least one-quarter mile from a perennial surface water body. (C) Surface water supply. (I) No dangerous waste management facility may be located in a watershed identified in the report submitted to, and approved by, the department of health under the authority of WAC 246-290-135(5), Watershed control. (II) Nonland-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least five hundred feet from the nearest surface water intake for domestic water. (III) Land-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least one-quarter mile from the nearest surface water intake for domestic water. (ii) Ground water. To the extent feasible, proponents of land-based facilities should seek sites with natural site characteristics which are capable of providing protection of ground water resources. Natural features such as low permeability soils and substrata, relatively simple geologic formations, and high rates of evapotranspiration in relation to the seasonal occurrence of precipitation are preferable for the locations of land-based facilities. Proposed land-based facilities must comply with the contingent ground water protection program, WAC 173-303-806 (4)(a)(xxi), during the permitting process. (A) Depth to ground water. (I) Nonland-based facilities may not be located in areas where there is less than ten feet vertical separation between the lowest point of the dangerous waste management unit and the seasonal high water level of the uppermost aquifer of beneficial use. (II) Land-based facilities may not be located in areas where there is less than fifty feet vertical separation between the lowest point of the dangerous waste management unit and the seasonal highwater level of the uppermost aquifer of beneficial use. (B) Sole source aquifer. No land-based facilities may be located over an area designated as a sole source aquifer under section 1424(e) of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-523). (C) Ground water management areas. Owners/operators of facilities must identify whether the proposed facility location is within a ground water management area, as proposed or certified pursuant to RCW 90.44.130. In order to maintain consistency with the purpose and substantive requirements of certified ground water management area plans, the department may require additional protective measures or reject inconsistent projects. (D) Ground water intakes. (I) Nonland-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least five hundred feet from the nearest ground water intake for domestic water. (II) Land-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least one-quarter mile from the nearest ground water intake for domestic water. (E) Special protection areas. Land-based facilities must not be located within ground water special protection areas designated by ecology under the authority of chapter 90.48 RCW. (d) Plants and animals: Intent. To reduce the potential for dangerous waste contaminating plant and animal habitat in the event of a release of dangerous wastes. (i) Nonland-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least five hundred feet from the following areas: (A) Wetlands; (B) Designated critical habitat, for federally listed threatened or endangered species, as defined by the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-205); (C) Habitat designated by the Washington department of wildlife as habitat essential to the maintenance or recovery of any state listed threatened or endangered wildlife species; (D) Natural areas which are acquired or voluntarily registered or dedicated by the owner under chapter 79.70 RCW, Natural area preserves; and (E) State or federally designated wildlife refuge, preserve, or bald eagle protection area. (ii) Land-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least one-quarter mile from those areas specified in item (i) above. (e) Precipitation. The intent of this subsection is to reduce the potential for contaminating waters and soils of the state in the event of a release of dangerous wastes. Land-based facilities must not be located in areas having a mean annual precipitation level of greater than one hundred inches. The mean annual precipitation map in the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4279 must be used to determine whether a land-based facility is proposed to be located in such an area. (7) Criteria for elements of the built environment. The following siting criteria establish locations from which facilities are excluded or which require separation from identified land uses. Unless otherwise stated, setback distances are measured horizontally from the dangerous waste management unit boundary to the identified land use. These criteria must be used as an initial screening tool in the selection of sites which may be considered by the department for the purpose of managing dangerous waste. A more comprehensive evaluation of locational factors will occur during the department's review of a permit application. The department may deny a permit or impose additional setback distances or other permit requirements if necessary to protect human health and the environment. (a) Adjacent land use. (i) Nonland-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least two hundred feet from the nearest point of the facility property line. (ii) Land-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least five hundred feet from the nearest point of the facility property line. (b) Special land uses. (i) Wild and scenic rivers. Dangerous waste management facilities must not be located within the viewshed of users on wild and scenic rivers designated by the state or federal government. (ii) Nonland-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least five hundred feet from the following: (A) State or federally designated park, recreation area, or national monument; (B) Wilderness area as defined by the Wilderness Act of 1964 (P.L. 88-577); and (C) Land identified as prime farmland at the time a notice of intent is submitted to the department. (iii) Land-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least one-quarter mile from those land uses specified in item (ii) above. (c) Residences and public gathering places. (i) Nonland-based facilities with the exception of incineration facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least five hundred feet from residences or public gathering places. (ii) Incineration and land-based facilities must be located such that the dangerous waste management unit boundary is at least one-quarter mile from residences or public gathering places. (d) Land use compatibility. Owners/operators of nonpreempted facilities must conform with local land use zoning designation requirements, as approved by the department under chapter 70.105 RCW. (e) Archeological sites and historic sites. No dangerous waste management facility must be located in an archeological site or historic site designated by the state or federal government. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-282, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-282, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-282, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21A.080 and 70.105.210, et seq. 90-20-016, § 173-303-282, filed 9/21/90, effective 10/22/90.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-283 Performance standards. (1) Purpose. This section provides general performance standards for designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining dangerous waste facilities. (2) Applicability. This section applies to all dangerous waste facilities permitted under WAC 173-303-800 through173-303-840 . These general performance standards must be used to determine whether more stringent facility standards should be applied than those spelled out in WAC 173-303-280, 173-303-290 through 173-303-400 and 173-303-600 through 173-303-692. (3) Performance standards. Unless authorized by state, local, or federal laws, or unless otherwise authorized in this regulation, the owner/operator must design, construct, operate, or maintain a dangerous waste facility that to the maximum extent practical given the limits of technology prevents: (a) Degradation of ground water quality; (b) Degradation of air quality by open burning or other activities; (c) Degradation of surface water quality; (d) Destruction or impairment of flora and fauna outside the active portion of the facility; (e) Excessive noise; (f) Conditions that constitute a negative aesthetic impact for the public using rights of ways, or public lands, or for landowners of adjacent properties; (g) Unstable hillsides or soils as a result of trenches, impoundments, excavations, etc.; (h) The use of processes that do not treat, detoxify, recycle, reclaim, and recover waste material to the extent economically feasible; and (i) Endangerment of the health of employees, or the public near the facility. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-283, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-283, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-283, filed 9/6/88.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-290 Required notices. (1)(a) The facility owner or operator who is receiving dangerous waste from sources outside the United States must notify the appropriate regional office of the department annually, and in writing at least four weeks in advance of the date the first shipment of waste is expected to arrive at the facility. The notification must be in writing, signed by the importer and operator of the receiving facility, and include the following information: (i) Name, street address, mailing address, and telephone number of the exporter. (ii) Name, street address, mailing address, telephone number, and EPA/state ID number of the importer and receiving facility. (iii) A description of the dangerous waste and the EPA/state waste numbers, U.S. DOT proper shipping name, hazard class and ID number (UN\NA) for each hazardous waste as identified in 49 CFR Parts 171 through 177. (iv) The estimated frequency or rate at which such waste is to be imported and the period of time over which such waste is to be imported. (v) The estimated total quantity of the dangerous waste in units as specified in the instructions to the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest Form (8700-22). (vi) A description of the manner by which the dangerous waste will be treated, stored, disposed of, or recycled by the receiving facility. Upon request by the department, the importer and/or receiving facility must furnish to the department any additional information regarding the importation of dangerous waste. (b) The owner or operator of a recovery facility that has arranged to receive hazardous waste subject to 40 CFR part 262, subpart H (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)) must provide a copy of the tracking document bearing all required signatures to the notifier, to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Enforcement Planning, Targeting and Data Division (2222A), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460; and to the competent authorities of all other concerned countries within three working days of receipt of the shipment. The original of the signed tracking document must be maintained at the facility for at least three years. (2) Before transferring ownership or operation of a facility during its active life or post-closure care period, the owner or operator must notify the new owner or operator in writing of the requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC. (3) The owner or operator of a facility that receives dangerous waste from an off-site source (except where the owner or operator is also the generator) must inform the generator in writing that he has the appropriate permit(s) for, and will accept, the waste the generator is shipping. The owner or operator must keep a copy of this written notice as part of the operating record required under WAC 173-303-380(1). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-290, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-290, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-290, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-290, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-290, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-300 General waste analysis. (1) Purpose. This section requires the facility owner or operator to confirm his knowledge about a dangerous waste before he stores, treats, or disposes of it. The purpose for the analysis is to insure that a dangerous waste is managed properly. (2) The owner or operator must obtain a detailed chemical, physical, and/or biological analysis of a dangerous waste, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC 173-303-610 (4)(d), before they store, treat, or dispose of it. This analysis must contain the information necessary to manage the waste in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. The analysis must include or consist of existing published or documented data on the dangerous waste, or on waste generated from similar processes, or data obtained by testing, or a combination of these. (a) When an owner or operator relies on knowledge from the generator for waste designation or for this detailed analysis (commonly known as a waste profile) instead of analytical testing of a sample, that information must be documented and must meet the definition of "knowledge" as defined in WAC 173-303-040. To confirm the sufficiency and reliability of the "knowledge" used for the waste profile, the facility must do one or more of the following: (i) Be familiar with the generator's processes by conducting site visits, and reviewing sampling data and other information provided by the generator to ensure they are adequate for safe management of the waste; (ii) Ensure waste analysis contained in documented studies on the generator's waste is based on representative and appropriate sampling and test methods; (iii) Compare the generator's waste generating process to documented studies of similar waste generating processes to ensure the waste profile is accurate and current; (iv) Obtain other information as predetermined by the department on a case-by-case basis to be equivalent. (b) As required in WAC 173-303-380 (1)(c), records must be retained containing specific information that show compliance with this subsection for sufficient and reliable information on the waste whether the owner or operator relies on analytical testing of the waste or knowledge from the generator, or a combination of these. (3) The owner or operator of an off-site facility must confirm, by analysis if necessary, that each dangerous waste received at the facility matches the identity of the waste specified on the accompanying manifest or shipping paper. (4) Analysis must be repeated as necessary to ensure that it is accurate and current. At a minimum, analysis must be repeated: (a) When the owner or operator has been notified, or has reason to believe, that the process or operation generating the dangerous waste, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC 173-303-610 (4)(d), has significantly changed; and (b) When a dangerous waste received at an off-site facility does not match the identity of the waste specified on the manifest or the shipping paper. (5) Waste analysis plan. The owner or operator must develop and follow a written waste analysis plan which describes the procedures he will use to comply with the waste analysis requirements of subsections (1), (2), (3), and (4) of this section. He must keep this plan at the facility, and the plan must contain at least: (a) The parameters for which each dangerous waste, or nondangerous waste if applicable under WAC 173-303-610 (4)(d), will be analyzed, and the rationale for selecting these parameters (i.e., how analysis for these parameters will provide sufficient information on the waste's properties to comply with subsections (1) through (4) of this section); (b) The methods of obtaining or testing for these parameters; (c) The methods for obtaining representative samples of wastes for analysis (representative sampling methods are discussed in WAC 173-303-110(2)); (d) The frequency with which analysis of a waste will be reviewed or repeated to ensure that the analysis is accurate and current; (e) The waste analyses which generators have agreed to supply; (f) Where applicable, the methods for meeting the additional waste analysis requirements for specific waste management methods as specified in WAC 173-303-400(3) which incorporates by reference the regulations in 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R 265.1034, 265.1063(d), 265.1084, 268.4(a) and 268.7 for interim status facilities and in WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b), 173-303-395(1), 173-303-630 through 173-303-670, and 40 CFR 264.1034, 264.1063(d), 264.1083, 268.4(a) and 268.7 for final status facilities; (g) For off-site facilities, the waste analysis that dangerous waste generators have agreed to supply; (h) For surface impoundments exempted from land disposal restrictions under 40 CFR 268.4(a), incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-140(2), the procedures and schedules for: (i) The sampling of impoundment contents; (ii) The analysis of test data; and (iii) The annual removal of residues that are not delisted under 40 CFR 260.22 or which exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste and either: (A) Do not meet applicable treatment standards of 40 CFR Part 268, Subpart D; or (B) Where no treatment standards have been established; (I) Such residues are prohibited from land disposal under 40 CFR 268.32 or RCRA section 3004(d); or (II) Such residues are prohibited from land disposal under 40 CFR 268.33(f). (i) For owners and operators seeking an exemption to the air emission standards of subpart CC in accordance with Sec. 264.1082, incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-692, or with 265.1083, incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a): (A) If direct measurement is used for the waste determination, the procedures and schedules for waste sampling and analysis, and the results of the analysis of test data to verify the exemption. (B) If knowledge of the waste is used for the waste determination, any information prepared by the facility owner or operator or by the generator of the hazardous waste, if the waste is received from off-site, that is used as the basis for knowledge of the waste. (6) For off-site facilities, the waste analysis plan required in subsection (5) of this section must also specify the procedures which will be used to inspect and, if necessary, analyze each movement of hazardous waste received at the facility to ensure that it matches the identity of the waste designated on the accompanying manifest or shipping paper. At a minimum, the plan must describe: (a) The procedures which will be used to determine the identity of each movement of waste managed at the facility; (b) The sampling method which will be used to obtain a representative sample of the waste to be identified, if the identification method includes sampling; and (c) The procedures that the owner or operator of an off-site landfill receiving containerized hazardous waste will use to determine whether a hazardous waste generator or treater has added a biodegradable sorbent to the waste in the container. Comment: WAC 173-303-806 requires that the waste analysis plan be submitted with Part B of the permit application. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-300, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-300, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-300, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-300, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-300, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-300, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-300, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-310 Security. (1) The owner or operator must comply with the requirements of this section, unless he can demonstrate to the department that: (a) Physical contact with wastes or equipment within the active portion of the facility will not injure persons or livestock; and (b) Disturbance of the wastes or equipment within the active portion of the facility by persons or livestock will not result in violations of this chapter 173-303 WAC. (2) A facility must have: (a) Signs posted at each entrance to the active portion, and at other locations, in sufficient numbers to be seen from any approach to the active portion. Signs must bear the legend, "Danger-unauthorized personnel keep out," or an equivalent legend, written in English, and must be legible from a distance of twenty-five feet or more; and either (b) A 24-hour surveillance system which continuously monitors and controls entry onto the active portion of the facility; or (c) An artificial or natural barrier, or a combination of both, which completely surrounds the active portion of the facility, with a means to control access through gates or other entrances to the active portion of the facility at all times. (3) In lieu of WAC 173-303-310(2), above, the owner or operator of a totally enclosed treatment facility or an elementary neutralization or wastewater treatment unit (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) must prevent the unknowing entry, and minimize the possibility for the unauthorized entry, of persons or livestock into or onto the totally enclosed treatment facility or the elementary neutralization or wastewater treatment unit. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-310, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-310, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-310, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-290.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-320 General inspection. (1) The owner or operator must inspect his facility to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors, and discharges which may cause or lead to the release of dangerous waste constituents to the environment, or a threat to human health. The owner or operator must conduct these inspections often enough to identify problems in time to correct them before they harm human health or the environment. (2) The owner or operator must develop and follow a written schedule for inspecting all monitoring equipment, safety and emergency equipment, security devices, and operating and structural equipment that help prevent, detect, or respond to hazards to the public health or the environment. In addition: (a) The schedule must be kept at the facility; (b) The schedule must identify the types of problems which are to be looked for during inspections; (c) The schedule must indicate the frequency of inspection for specific items. The frequency should be based on the rate of possible deterioration of equipment, and the probability of an environmental or human health incident. Areas subject to spills must be inspected daily when in use. At a minimum the inspection schedule must also include the applicable items and frequencies required for the specific waste management methods described in 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R, 265.1033, 265.1052, 265.1053, 265.1058 and 265.1084 through 265.1090, for interim status facilities and in WAC 173-303-630 through 173-303-680, and 40 CFR 264.1033, 264.1052, 264.1053, 264.1058 and 264.1083 through 264.1089 for final status facilities; and (d) The owner or operator must keep an inspection log or summary, including at least the date and time of the inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a notation of the observations made, an account of spills or discharges in accordance with WAC 173-303-145, and the date and nature of any repairs or remedial actions taken. The log or summary must be kept at the facility for at least five years from the date of inspection. (3) The owner or operator must remedy any problems revealed by the inspection, on a schedule which prevents hazards to the public health and environment. Where a hazard is imminent or has already occurred, remedial action must be taken immediately. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-320, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-320, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-320, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-320, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-320, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-320, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-320, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-330 Personnel training. (1) Training program. The facility owner or operator must provide a program of classroom instruction or on-the-job training for facility personnel. This program must teach personnel to perform their duties in a way that ensures the facility's compliance with this chapter 173-303 WAC, must teach facility personnel dangerous waste management procedures (including contingency plan implementation) relevant to the positions in which they are employed, must ensure that facility personnel are able to respond effectively to emergencies, and must include those elements set forth in the training plan required in subsection (2) of this section. In addition: (a) The training program must be directed by a person knowledgeable in dangerous waste management procedures, and must include training relevant to the positions in which the facility personnel are employed; (b) Facility personnel must participate in an annual review of the training provided in the training program; (c) This program must be successfully completed by the facility personnel: (i) Within six months after these regulations become effective; or (ii) Within six months after their employment at or assignment to the facility, or to a new position at the facility, whichever is later. Employees hired after the effective date of these regulations must be supervised until they complete the training program; and (d) At a minimum, the training program must familiarize facility personnel with emergency equipment and systems, and emergency procedures. The program must include other parameters as set forth by the department, but at a minimum must include, where applicable: (i) Procedures for using, inspecting, repairing, and replacing facility emergency and monitoring equipment; (ii) Key parameters for automatic waste feed cut-off systems; (iii) Communications or alarm systems; (iv) Response to fires or explosions; (v) Response to ground-water contamination incidents; and (vi) Shutdown of operations. (2) Written training plan. The owner or operator must develop a written training plan which must be kept at the facility and which must include the following documents and records: (a) For each position related to dangerous waste management at the facility, the job title, the job description, and the name of the employee filling each job. The job description must include the requisite skills, education, other qualifications, and duties for each position; (b) A written description of the type and amount of both introductory and continuing training required for each position; and (c) Records documenting that facility personnel have received and completed the training required by this section. The department may require, on a case-by-case basis, that training records include employee initials or signature to verify that training was received. (3) Training records. Training records on current personnel must be kept until closure of the facility. Training records on former employees must be kept for at least three years from the date the employee last worked at the facility. Personnel training records may accompany personnel transferred within the same company. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-330, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-330, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-330, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-330, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-320.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-335 Construction quality assurance program. (1) CQA program. (a) A construction quality assurance (CQA) program is required for all surface impoundment, waste pile, and landfill units that are required to comply with WAC 173-303-650 (2)(j) and (k), 173-303-660 (2)(j) and (k), and 173-303-665 (2)(h) and (j). The program must ensure that the constructed unit meets or exceeds all design criteria and specifications in the permit. The program must be developed and implemented under the direction of a CQA officer who is a registered professional engineer. (b) The CQA program must address the following physical components, where applicable: (i) Foundations; (ii) Dikes; (iii) Low-permeability soil liners; (iv) Geomembranes (flexible membrane liners); (v) Leachate collection and removal systems and leak detection systems; and (vi) Final cover systems. (2) Written CQA plan. The owner or operator of units subject to the CQA program under (a) of this subsection must develop and implement a written CQA plan. The plan must identify steps that will be used to monitor and document the quality of materials and the condition and manner of their installation. The CQA plan must include: (a) Identification of applicable units, and a description of how they will be constructed. (b) Identification of key personnel in the development and implementation of the CQA plan, and CQA officer qualifications. (c) A description of inspection and sampling activities for all unit components identified in subsection (1)(b) of this section, including observations and tests that will be used before, during, and after construction to ensure that the construction materials and the installed unit components meet the design specifications. The description must cover: Sampling size and locations; frequency of testing; data evaluation procedures; acceptance and rejection criteria for construction materials; plans for implementing corrective measures; and data or other information to be recorded and retained in the operating record under WAC 173-303-380. (3) Contents of program. (a) The CQA program must include observations, inspections, tests, and measurements sufficient to ensure: (i) Structural stability and integrity of all components of the unit identified in subsection (1)(b) of this section; (ii) Proper construction of all components of the liners, leachate collection and removal system, leak detection system, and final cover system, according to permit specifications and good engineering practices, and proper installation of all components (e.g., pipes) according to design specifications; (iii) Conformity of all materials used with design and other material specifications under WAC 173-303-650, 173-303-660, and 173-303-665. (b) The CQA program will include test fills for compacted soil liners, using the same compaction methods as in the full scale unit, to ensure that the liners are constructed to meet the hydraulic conductivity requirements of WAC 173-303-650 (2)(j)(i)(B), 173-303-660 (2)(j)(i)(B), and 173-303-665 (2)(h)(i)(B) in the field. Compliance with the hydraulic conductivity requirements must be verified by using in situ testing on the constructed test fill. The department may accept an alternative demonstration, in lieu of a test fill, where data are sufficient to show that a constructed soil liner will meet the hydraulic conductivity requirements of WAC 173-303-650 (2)(j)(i)(B), 173-303-660 (2)(j)(i)(B), and 173-303-665 (2)(h)(i)(B) in the field. (4) Certification. Waste will not be received in a unit subject to this section until the owner or operator has submitted to the department by certified mail or hand delivery a certification signed by the CQA officer that the approved CQA plan has been successfully carried out and that the unit meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-650 (2)(j) or (k), 173-303-660 (2)(j) or (k), or 173-303-665 (2)(h) or (j); and the procedure in WAC 173-303-810 (14)(a) has been completed. Documentation supporting the CQA officer's certification must be furnished to the department upon request. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-335, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-340 Preparedness and prevention. Facilities must be designed, constructed, maintained and operated to minimize the possibility of fire, explosion, or any unplanned sudden or nonsudden release of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents to air, soil, or surface or ground water which could threaten the public health or the environment. This section describes preparations and preventive measures which help avoid or mitigate such situations. (1) Required equipment. All facilities must be equipped with the following, unless it can be demonstrated to the department that none of the hazards posed by waste handled at the facility could require a particular kind of equipment specified below: (a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction to facility personnel; (b) A device, such as a telephone or a hand-held, two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police departments, fire departments, or state or local emergency response teams; (c) Portable fire extinguishers, fire control equipment (including special extinguishing equipment, such as that using foam, inert gas, or dry chemicals), spill control equipment, and decontamination equipment; and (d) Water at adequate volume and pressure to supply water hose streams, foam producing equipment, automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems. All facility communications or alarm systems, fire protection equipment, spill control equipment, and decontamination equipment, where required, must be tested and maintained as necessary to assure its proper operation in time of emergency. (2) Access to communications or alarms. Personnel must have immediate access to the signalling devices described in the situations below: (a) Whenever dangerous waste is being poured, mixed, spread, or otherwise handled, all personnel involved must have immediate access to an internal alarm or emergency communication device, either directly or through visual or voice contact with another employee, unless such a device is not required in subsection (1) of this section; (b) If there is ever just one employee on the premises while the facility is operating, he must have immediate access to a device, such as a telephone or a hand-held, two-way radio, capable of summoning external emergency assistance, unless such a device is not required in subsection (1) of this section. (3) Aisle space. The owner or operator must maintain aisle space to allow the unobstructed movement of personnel, fire protection equipment, spill control equipment, and decontamination equipment to any area of facility operation in an emergency, unless it can be demonstrated to the department that aisle space is not needed for any of these purposes. (4) Arrangements with local authorities. The owner or operator must attempt to make the following arrangements, as appropriate for the type of waste handled at his facility and the potential need for the services of these organizations, unless the hazards posed by wastes handled at the facility would not require these arrangements: (a) Arrangements to familiarize police, fire departments, and emergency response teams with the layout of the facility, properties of dangerous waste handled at the facility and associated hazards, places where facility personnel would normally be working, entrances to and roads inside the facility, and possible evacuation routes; (b) Arrangements to familiarize local hospitals with the properties of dangerous waste handled at the facility and the types of injuries or illnesses which could result from fires, explosions, or releases at the facility; (c) Agreements with state emergency response teams, emergency response contractors, and equipment suppliers; and (d) Where more than one party might respond to an emergency, agreements designating primary emergency authority and agreements with any others to provide support to the primary emergency authority. (5) Where state or local authorities decline to enter into such arrangements, the owner or operator must document the refusal in the operating record. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-340, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-340, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-340, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-350 Contingency plan and emergency procedures. (1) Purpose. The purpose of this section and WAC 173-303-360 is to lessen the potential impact on the public health and the environment in the event of an emergency circumstance, including a fire, explosion, or unplanned sudden or nonsudden release of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents to air, soil, surface water, or ground water by a facility. A contingency plan must be developed to lessen the potential impacts of such emergency circumstances, and the plan must be implemented immediately in such emergency circumstances. (2) Contingency plan. Each owner or operator must have a contingency plan at his facility for use in emergencies or sudden or nonsudden releases which threaten human health and the environment. If the owner or operator has already prepared a spill prevention control and countermeasures (SPCC) plan in accordance with Part 112 of Title 40 CFR or Part 1510 of chapter V, or some other emergency or contingency plan, he need only amend that plan to incorporate dangerous waste management provisions that are sufficient to comply with the requirements of this section and WAC 173-303-360. (3) The contingency plan must contain the following: (a) A description of the actions which facility personnel must take to comply with this section and WAC 173-303-360; (b) A description of the actions which will be taken in the event that a dangerous waste shipment, which is damaged or otherwise presents a hazard to the public health and the environment, arrives at the facility, and is not acceptable to the owner or operator, but cannot be transported, pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-370(5), Manifest system, reasons for not accepting dangerous waste shipments; (c) A description of the arrangements agreed to by local police departments, fire departments, hospitals, contractors, and state and local emergency response teams to coordinate emergency services as required in WAC 173-303-340(4); (d) A current list of names, addresses, and phone numbers (office and home) of all persons qualified to act as the emergency coordinator required under WAC 173-303-360(1). Where more than one person is listed, one must be named as primary emergency coordinator, and others must be listed in the order in which they will assume responsibility as alternates. For new facilities only, this list may be provided to the department at the time of facility certification (as required by WAC 173-303-810 (14)(a)(i)), rather than as part of the permit application; (e) A list of all emergency equipment at the facility (such as fire extinguishing systems, spill control equipment, communications and alarm systems, and decontamination equipment), where this equipment is required. This list must be kept up to date. In addition, the plan must include the location and a physical description of each item on the list, and a brief outline of its capabilities; and (f) An evacuation plan for facility personnel where there is a possibility that evacuation could be necessary. This plan must describe the signal(s) to be used to begin evacuation, evacuation routes, and alternate evacuation routes. (4) Copies of contingency plan. A copy of the contingency plan and all revisions to the plan must be: (a) Maintained at the facility; and (b) Submitted to all local police departments, fire departments, hospitals, and state and local emergency response teams that may be called upon to provide emergency services. (5) Amendments. The owner or operator must review and immediately amend the contingency plan, if necessary, whenever: (a) Applicable regulations or the facility permit are revised; (b) The plan fails in an emergency; (c) The facility changes (in its design, construction, operation, maintenance, or other circumstances) in a way that materially increases the potential for fires, explosions, or releases of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents, or in a way that changes the response necessary in an emergency; (d) The list of emergency coordinators changes; or (e) The list of emergency equipment changes. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-350, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-350, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-350, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-350, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-350, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-355 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Title III coordination. (1) Owners or operators must coordinate preparedness and prevention planning and contingency planning efforts, conducted under WAC 173-303-340 and 173-303-350, with local emergency planning committees established pursuant to Title III of the 1986 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act. (2) Appropriate and generally accepted computer models should be utilized to determine the impacts of a potential catastrophic air release due to fire, explosion, or other accidental releases of hazardous constituents. Evacuation plans prepared pursuant to WAC 173-303-350 (3)(d) must include those effected persons and areas identified through these modelling efforts. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-355, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21A.080 and 70.105.210, et seq. 90-20-016, § 173-303-355, filed 9/21/90, effective 10/22/90.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-360 Emergencies. (1) Emergency coordinator. At all times, there must be at least one employee either on the facility premises or on call (that is, available to respond to an emergency by reaching the facility within a short period of time) with the responsibility for coordinating all emergency response measures. This emergency coordinator must be thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the facility's contingency plan, required by WAC 173-303-350(2), all operations and activities at the facility, the location and properties of all wastes handled, the location of all records within the facility, and the facility layout. In addition, this person must have the authority to commit the resources needed to carry out the contingency plan. (2) Emergency procedures. The following procedures must be implemented in the event of an emergency. (a) Whenever there is an imminent or actual emergency situation, the emergency coordinator (or his designee when the emergency coordinator is on call) must immediately: (i) Activate internal facility alarms or communication systems, where applicable, to notify all facility personnel; and (ii) Notify appropriate state or local agencies with designated response roles if their help is needed. (b) Whenever there is a release, fire, or explosion, the emergency coordinator must immediately identify the character, exact source, amount, and areal extent of any released materials. (c) Concurrently, the emergency coordinator must assess possible hazards to human health and the environment (considering direct, indirect, immediate, and long-term effects) that may result from the release, fire, or explosion. (d) If the emergency coordinator determines that the facility has had a release, fire, or explosion which could threaten human health or the environment, he must report his findings as follows: (i) If his assessment indicates that evacuation of local areas may be advisable, he must immediately notify appropriate local authorities. He must be available to help appropriate officials decide whether local areas should be evacuated; and (ii) He must immediately notify the department and either the government official designated as the on-scene coordinator, or the National Response Center (using their 24-hour toll free number (800) 424-8802). (e) His assessment report must include: (i) Name and telephone number of reporter; (ii) Name and address of facility; (iii) Time and type of incident (e.g., release, fire); (iv) Name and quantity of material(s) involved, to the extent known; (v) The extent of injuries, if any; and (vi) The possible hazards to human health or the environment outside the facility. (f) During an emergency, the emergency coordinator must take all reasonable measures necessary to ensure that fires, explosions, and releases do not occur, recur, or spread to other dangerous waste at the facility. These measures must include, where applicable, stopping processes and operations, collecting and containing released waste, and removing or isolating containers. (g) If the facility stops operations in response to a fire, explosion, or release, the emergency coordinator must monitor for leaks, pressure buildup, gas generation, or ruptures in valves, pipes, or other equipment, wherever this is appropriate. (h) Immediately after an emergency, the emergency coordinator must provide for treating, storing, or disposing of recovered waste, contaminated soil or surface water, or any other material that results from a release, fire, or explosion at the facility. (i) The emergency coordinator must ensure that, in the affected area(s) of the facility: (i) No waste that may be incompatible with the released material is treated, stored, or disposed of until cleanup procedures are completed; and (ii) All emergency equipment listed in the contingency plan is cleaned and fit for its intended use before operations are resumed. (j) The owner or operator must notify the department, and appropriate local authorities, that the facility is in compliance with (i) of this subsection before operations are resumed in the affected area(s) of the facility. (k) The owner or operator must note in the operating record the time, date, and details of any incident that requires implementing the contingency plan. Within fifteen days after the incident, he must submit a written report on the incident to the department. The report must include: (i) Name, address, and telephone number of the owner or operator; (ii) Name, address, and telephone number of the facility; (iii) Date, time, and type of incident (e.g., fire, explosion); (iv) Name and quantity of material(s) involved; (v) The extent of injuries, if any; (vi) An assessment of actual or potential hazards to human health or the environment, where this is applicable; (vii) Estimated quantity and disposition of recovered material that resulted from the incident; (viii) Cause of incident; and (ix) Description of corrective action taken to prevent reoccurrence of the incident. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-360, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-360, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-360, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-360, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-360, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-360, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-360, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-370 Manifest system. (1) Applicability. The requirements of this section apply to owners and operators who receive dangerous waste from off-site sources. (2) If a facility receives dangerous waste accompanied by a manifest, the owner or operator, or his agent, must: (a) Sign and date each copy of the manifest to certify that the dangerous waste covered by the manifest was received; (b) Note any significant discrepancies in the manifest, as described in subsection (4) of this section, on each copy of the manifest; (c) Immediately give the transporter at least one copy of the signed manifest; (d) Within thirty days after the delivery, send a copy of the manifest to the generator; and (e) Retain at the facility a copy of each manifest for at least three years from the date of delivery. (3) If a facility receives, from a rail or water (bulk shipment) transporter, dangerous waste which is accompanied by a manifest or shipping paper containing all the information required on the manifest (excluding the EPA/state identification numbers, generator's certification, and signatures), the owner or operator, or his agent, must: (a) Sign and date each copy of the manifest or shipping paper to certify that the dangerous waste covered by the manifest or shipping paper was received; (b) Note any significant discrepancies in the manifest or shipping paper, as described in subsection (4) of this section, on each copy of the manifest or shipping paper; (c) Immediately give the rail or water (bulk shipment) transporter at least one copy of the manifest or shipping paper; (d) Within thirty days after the delivery, send a copy of the signed and dated manifest or shipping paper to the generator. However, if the manifest is not received within thirty days after the delivery, the owner or operator, or his agent, must send a copy of the signed and dated shipping paper to the generator; and (e) Retain at the facility a copy of each shipping paper and manifest for at least three years from the date of delivery. (4) Manifest discrepancies. (a) Manifest discrepancies are significant discrepancies between the quantity or type of dangerous waste designated on the manifest or shipping paper and the quantity or type of dangerous waste a facility actually receives. Significant discrepancies in quantity are variations greater than ten percent in weight for bulk quantities (e.g., tanker trucks, railroad tank cars, etc.), or any variations in piece count for nonbulk quantities (i.e., any missing container or package would be a significant discrepancy). Significant discrepancies in type are obvious physical or chemical differences which can be discovered by inspection or waste analysis (e.g., waste solvent substituted for waste acid). (b) Upon discovering a significant discrepancy, the owner or operator must attempt to reconcile the discrepancy with the waste generator and transporter. If the discrepancy is not resolved within fifteen days after receiving the waste, the owner or operator must immediately submit to the department a letter describing the discrepancy and attempts to reconcile it, and a copy of the manifest or shipping paper at issue. (5) Reasons for not accepting dangerous waste shipments. The owner or operator may decide that a dangerous shipment should not be accepted by his facility. (a) The following are acceptable reasons for denying receipt of a dangerous waste shipment: (i) The facility is not capable of properly managing the type(s) of dangerous waste in the shipment; (ii) There is a significant discrepancy (as described in subsection (4) of this section) between the shipment and the wastes listed on the manifest or shipping paper; or (iii) The shipment has arrived in a condition which the owner or operator believes would present an unreasonable hazard to facility operations, or to facility personnel handling the dangerous waste(s) (including, but not limited to, leaking or damaged containers, and improperly labeled containers). (b) The owner or operator may send the shipment on to the alternate facility designated on the manifest or shipping paper, or contact the generator to identify another facility capable of handling the waste and provide for its delivery to that other facility, unless, the containers are damaged to such an extent, or the dangerous waste is in such a condition as to present a hazard to the public health or the environment in the process of further transportation. (c) If the dangerous waste shipment cannot leave the facility for the reasons described in (b) of this subsection, then the owner or operator must take those actions described in the contingency plan, WAC 173-303-350 (3)(b). (6) Within three working days of the receipt of a shipment subject to 40 CFR part 262, subpart H (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)), the owner or operator of the facility must provide a copy of the tracking document bearing all required signatures to the notifier, to the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Office of Compliance, Enforcement Planning, Targeting and Data Division (2222A), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20460, and to competent authorities of all other concerned countries. The original copy of the tracking document must be maintained at the facility for at least three years from the date of signature. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-370, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-370, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-370, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-370, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-370, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-380 Facility recordkeeping. (1) Operating record. The owner or operator of a facility must keep a written operating record at their facility. The following information must be recorded, as it becomes available, and maintained in the operating record until closure of the facility: (a) A description of and the quantity of each dangerous waste received or managed on-site, and the method(s) and date(s) of its treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility as required by subsection (2) of this section, recordkeeping instructions; (b) The location of each dangerous waste within the facility and the quantity at each location. For disposal facilities, the location and quantity of each dangerous waste must be recorded on a map or diagram of each cell or disposal area. For all facilities, this information must include cross-references to specific manifest document numbers, if the waste was accompanied by a manifest; (c) Records and results of waste analyses, waste determinations (as required by Subpart CC), and trial tests required by WAC 173-303-300, General waste analysis, and by 40 CFR sections 264.1034, 264.1063, 264.1083, 265.1034, 265.1063, 265.1084, 268.4(a), and 268.7; (d) Summary reports and details of all incidents that require implementing the contingency plan, as specified in WAC 173-303-360 (2)(k); (e) Records and results of inspections as required by WAC 173-303-320 (2)(d), General inspection (except such information need be kept only for five years); (f) Monitoring, testing, or analytical data, and corrective action where required by 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R and sections 265.1034 (c) through (f), 265.1035, 265.1063 (d) through (i), 265.1064, and 265.1083 through 265.1090 for interim status facilities, and by WAC 173-303-630 through 173-303-695 and 40 CFR sections 264.1034 (c) through (f), 264.1035, 264.1063 (d) through (i), 264.1064, and 264.1082 through 264.1090 for final status facilities; (g) All closure and post-closure cost estimates required for the facility; (h) For off-site facilities, copies of notices to generators informing them that the facility has all appropriate permits, as required by WAC 173-303-290, Required notices; (i) Records of the quantities (and date of placement) for each shipment of hazardous waste placed in land disposal units under an extension to the effective date of any land disposal restriction granted pursuant to 40 CFR 268.5, a petition pursuant to 40 CFR 268.6, and the applicable notice required by a generator under 40 CFR 268.7(a); (j) For an off-site treatment facility, a copy of the notice, and the certification and demonstration, if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7; (k) For an on-site treatment facility, the information contained in the notice (except the manifest number), and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7; (l) For an off-site land disposal facility, a copy of the notice, and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator of a treatment facility under 40 CFR 268.7; (m) For an on-site land disposal facility, the information contained in the notice required by the generator or owner or operator of a treatment facility under 40 CFR 268.7, except for the manifest number; (n) For an off-site storage facility, a copy of the notice, and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7; (o) For an on-site storage facility, the information contained in the notice (except the manifest number), and the certification and demonstration if applicable, required by the generator or the owner or operator under 40 CFR 268.7; (p) Any records required under WAC 173-303-280(6); and (q) A certification by the permittee no less often than annually, that the permittee has a program in place to reduce the volume and toxicity of hazardous waste that they generate to the degree determined by the permittee to be economically practicable; and the proposed method of treatment, storage or disposal is that practicable method currently available to the permittee which minimizes the present and future threat to human health and the environment. (2) Recordkeeping instructions. This paragraph provides instructions for recording the portions of the operating record which are related to describing the types, quantities, and management of dangerous wastes at the facility. This information must be recorded, as it becomes available, and maintained in the operating record until closure of the facility, as follows: (a) Each dangerous waste received, treated, stored, or disposed of at the facility must be described by its common name and by its dangerous waste number(s) from WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-104. Each listed, characteristic, and criteria waste has its own four-digit dangerous waste number. Where a dangerous waste contains more than one process waste or waste constituent the waste description must include all applicable dangerous waste numbers. If the dangerous waste number is not listed, the waste description must include the process which generated the waste; (b) The waste description must include the waste's physical form (i.e., liquid, solid, sludge, or contained gas); (c) The estimated or manifest-reported weight, or volume and density, where applicable, of the dangerous waste must be recorded, using one of the units of measure specified in Table 1, below; andTABLE 1 Unit of Measure Code1 Gallons . . . . . . . . . . . . G Gallons per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . E Gallons per Day . . . . . . . . . . . . U Liters . . . . . . . . . . . . L Liters per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . H Liters per Day . . . . . . . . . . . . V Short tons (2000 lbs) . . . . . . . . . . . . T Short Tons per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . D Metric Tons per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . W Short Tons per Day . . . . . . . . . . . . N Metric Tons per Day . . . . . . . . . . . . S Pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . P Pounds per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . J Kilograms . . . . . . . . . . . . K Kilograms per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . R Cubic yards . . . . . . . . . . . . Y Cubic meters . . . . . . . . . . . . C Acres . . . . . . . . . . . . B Acres-feet . . . . . . . . . . . . A Hectares . . . . . . . . . . . . Q Hectare-meter . . . . . . . . . . . . F Btu's per Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . I Footnote: 1Single-digit symbols are used here for data processing purposes. (d) The method(s) (by handling code(s)) of management for each dangerous waste received or managed, and the date(s) of treatment, recycling, storage, or disposal must be recorded, using the handling code(s) specified in Table 2, below. TABLE 2 - Handling Codes for Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Methods Enter the handling code(s) listed below that most closely represents the technique(s) used at the facility to treat, store, or dispose of each quantity of dangerous waste received. 1. Storage S01 Container (barrel, drum, etc.) S02 Tank S03 Waste pile S04 Surface impoundment S05 Drip Pad S06 Containment Building (Storage) S99 Other storage (specify) 2. Treatment (a) Thermal Treatment T06 Liquid injection incinerator T07 Rotary kiln incinerator T08 Fluidized bed incinerator T09 Multiple hearth incinerator T10 Infrared furnace incinerator T11 Molten salt destructor T12 Pyrolysis T13 Wet air oxidation T14 Calcination T15 Microwave discharge T18 Other (specify) (b) Chemical treatment T19 Absorption mound T20 Absorption field T21 Chemical fixation T22 Chemical oxidation T23 Chemical precipitation T24 Chemical reduction T25 Chlorination T26 Chlorinolysis T27 Cyanide destruction T28 Degradation T29 Detoxification T30 Ion exchange T31 Neutralization T32 Ozonation T33 Photolysis T34 Other (specify) (c) Physical treatment (i) Separation of components T35 Centrifugation T36 Clarification T37 Coagulation T38 Decanting T39 Encapsulation T40 Filtration T41 Flocculation T42 Flotation T43 Foaming T44 Sedimentation T45 Thickening T46 Ultrafiltration T47 Other (specify) (ii) Removal of specific components T48 Absorption-molecular sieve T49 Activated carbon T50 Blending T51 Catalysis T52 Crystallization T53 Dialysis T54 Distillation T55 Electrodialysis T56 Electrolysis T57 Evaporation T58 High gradient magnetic separation T59 Leaching T60 Liquid ion exchange T61 Liquid-liquid extraction T62 Reverse osmosis T63 Solvent recovery T64 Stripping T65 Sand filter T66 Other (specify) (d) Biological treatment T67 Activated sludge T68 Aerobic lagoon T69 Aerobic tank T70 Anaerobic tank T71 Composting T72 Septic tank T73 Spray irrigation T74 Thickening filter T75 Trickling filter T76 Waste stabilization pond T77 Other (specify) T78-79 (Reserved) (e) Boilers and industrial furnaces T80 Boiler T81 Cement kiln T82 Lime kiln T83 Aggregate kiln T84 Phosphate kiln T85 Coke oven T86 Blast furnace T87 Smelting, melting, or refining furnace T88 Titanium dioxide chloride process oxidation reactor T89 Methane reforming furnace T90 Pulping liquor recovery furnace T91 Combustion device used in the recovery of sulfur values from spent sulfuric acid T92 Halogen acid furnaces T93 Other industrial furnaces listed in WAC 173-303-040 (specify) (f) Other treatment T94 Containment building (treatment) 3. Disposal D79 Underground injection D80 Landfill D81 Land treatment D82 Ocean disposal D83 Surface impoundment (to be closed as a landfill) D99 Other disposal (specify) 4. Miscellaneous (Subpart X) X01 Open burning/open detonation X02 Mechanical processing X03 Thermal unit X04 Geologic repository X99 Other Subpart X (specify) (3) Availability, retention and disposition of records. (a) All facility records, including plans, required by this chapter must be furnished upon request, and made available at all reasonable times for inspection, by any officer, employee, or representative of the department who is designated by the director. (b) The retention period for all facility records required under this chapter is extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the facility or as requested by the director. (c) A copy of records of waste disposal locations and quantities under this section must be submitted to the United States EPA regional administrator, the department, and the local land use and planning authority upon closure of the facility. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-380, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-380, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-380, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-380, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-380, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-380, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-380, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-380, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-380, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-390 Facility reporting. The owner or operator of a facility is responsible for preparing and submitting the reports described in this section. (1) Unmanifested waste reports. If a facility accepts any dangerous waste from an off-site source without an accompanying manifest or shipping paper, and if the waste is not excluded from the manifest requirements of this chapter 173-303 WAC, then the owner or operator must prepare and submit a single copy of a report to the department within fifteen days after receiving the waste. The report form and instructions in the Unmanifested Dangerous Waste Report must be used for this report. The report must include at least the following information: (a) The EPA/state identification number, name, and address of the facility; (b) The date the facility received the waste; (c) The EPA/state identification number, name, and address of the generator and the transporter, if available; (d) A description and the quantity of each unmanifested dangerous waste the facility received; (e) The method of management for each dangerous waste; (f) The certification signed by the owner or operator of the facility or his authorized representative; and (g) A brief explanation of why the waste was unmanifested, if known. (2) Annual reports. The owner or operator of a facility that holds an active EPA/state identification number must prepare and submit a single copy of an annual report to the department by March 1 of each year. The report form and instructions in the Dangerous Waste Annual Report (which may be obtained from the department) must be used for this report. In addition, any facility which ships dangerous waste off-site must comply with the annual reporting requirements of WAC 173-303-220. The annual report must cover facility activities during the previous calendar year and must include, but is not limited to the following information: (a) The EPA/state identification number, name, and address of the facility; (b) The calendar year covered by the report; (c) For off-site facilities, the EPA/state identification number of each dangerous waste generator from which the facility received a dangerous waste during the year. For imported shipments, the report must give the name and address of the foreign generator; (d) A description and the quantity of each dangerous waste the facility received during the year. For off-site facilities, this information must be listed by EPA/state identification number of each generator; (e) The method of treatment, storage, or disposal for each dangerous waste; (f) The most recent closure cost estimate under WAC 173-303-620(3) (or 40 CFR 265.142 for interim status facilities), and for disposal facilities, the most recent post-closure cost estimate under WAC 173-303-620(5) (or 40 CFR 265.144 for interim status facilities); (g) For generators who treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste on-site, a description of the efforts undertaken during the year to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste generated; (h) For generators who treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste on-site, a description of the changes in volume and toxicity of waste actually achieved during the year in comparison to previous years to the extent such information is available for the years prior to 1984; and (i) The certification signed in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-810(12). (3) Additional reports. The owner or operator must report to the department: (a) Releases of dangerous wastes, fires, and explosions as specified in WAC 173-303-360 (2)(k); (b) Interim status ground water monitoring data, as specified in 40 CFR 265.94 (a)(2) and (b)(2); (c) Facility closures specified in WAC 173-303-610(6); and (d) As otherwise required by WAC 173-303-645 through173-303-665 , WAC 173-303-690 through 173-303-692, and WAC 173-303-400. The owner or operator must also submit any other reports (including engineering reports, plans, and specifications) required by the department. (4) Recordkeeping. The owner/operator of a facility must keep a copy of all unmanifested waste reports, annual reports, and any other reports submitted to the department according to the requirements of this section for a period of three years from the date the report was submitted. Note that some records must be kept until closure of the facility as otherwise required under WAC 173-303-380. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-390, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-390, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-390, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-390, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-390, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-390, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-390, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-390, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-390, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-395 Other general requirements. (1) Precautions for ignitable, reactive, or incompatible wastes. (a) The owner or operator must take precautions to prevent accidental ignition or reaction of ignitable or reactive waste. This waste must be separated and protected from sources of ignition or reaction including, but not limited to, open flames, smoking, cutting and welding, hot surfaces, frictional heat, sparks (static, electrical, or mechanical), spontaneous ignition (e.g., from heat-producing chemical reactions), and radiant heat. While ignitable or reactive waste is being handled, the owner or operator must confine smoking and open flame to specially designated locations. "No smoking" signs must be conspicuously placed wherever there is a hazard from ignitable or reactive waste. (b) Where specifically required by other sections of this chapter 173-303 WAC, the treatment, storage, or disposal of ignitable or reactive waste, and the mixture or commingling of incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials, must be conducted so that it does not: (i) Generate extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or violent reaction; (ii) Produce uncontrolled toxic mists, fumes, dusts, or gases in sufficient quantities to threaten human health or the environment; (iii) Produce uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in sufficient quantities to pose a risk of fire or explosions; (iv) Damage the structural integrity of the facility or device containing the waste; or (v) Through other like means, threaten human health or the environment. (c) When required to comply with (a) and (b) of this subsection, the owner or operator must document that compliance in the operating record required under WAC 173-303-380(1). This documentation may be based on references to published scientific or engineering literature, data from trial tests, waste analyses, or the results of the treatment of similar wastes by similar treatment processes and under similar operating conditions. (d) At least yearly, the owner or operator must inspect those areas of his facility where ignitable or reactive wastes are stored. This inspection must be performed in the presence of a professional person who is familiar with the International Fire Code, or in the presence of the local, state, or federal fire marshal. The owner or operator must enter the following information in his inspection log or operating record as a result of this inspection: (i) The date and time of the inspection; (ii) The name of the professional inspector or fire marshal; (iii) A notation of the observations made; and (iv) Any remedial actions which were taken as a result of the inspection. (2) Compliance with other environmental protection laws and regulations. In receiving, storing, handling, treating, processing, or disposing of dangerous wastes, the owner/operator must design, maintain and operate his dangerous waste facility in compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations (e.g., control of stormwater or sanitary water discharge, control of volatile air emissions, etc.). (3) Reserve. (4) Loading and unloading areas. TSD facilities which receive or ship manifested shipments of liquid dangerous waste for treatment, storage or disposal must provide for and use an area (or areas) for loading and unloading waste shipments. The loading and unloading area(s) must be designed, constructed, operated and maintained to: (a) Contain spills and leaks that might occur during loading or unloading; (b) Prevent release of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents to ground or surface waters; (c) Contain wash waters (if any) resulting from the cleaning of contaminated transport vehicles and load/unload equipment; and (d) Allow for removal, as soon as possible, of collected wastes resulting from spills, leaks and equipment cleaning (if any) in a manner which assures compliance with (b) of this subsection. (5) Storage time limit for impoundments and piles. (a) Except as provided in (b) or (c) of this subsection, dangerous waste may not be stored in a surface impoundment or waste pile for more than five years after the waste was first placed in the impoundment or pile. For the purposes of this requirement, the five-year limit, for waste regulated under this chapter and being stored in impoundments or piles on the effective date of this requirement, will begin on August 1, 1984. The age of stored wastes must be determined on a monthly basis. The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile used for storing dangerous waste must develop a written plan, to be kept at the facility, for complying with the five-year storage limit. The plan must describe the operating conditions, waste identification procedures (for keeping track of the age of the wastes), and a waste removal schedule, and at a minimum the plan must include the following elements: (i) Methods for identifying the age of dangerous wastes placed in the impoundment or pile; (ii) Where practical, procedures for segregating wastes of different ages. If the wastes cannot be practically segregated, then the age of all wastes placed in the impoundment or pile must be deemed the same age as the oldest waste in the impoundment or pile; (iii) A schedule for removing dangerous waste from the impoundment or pile, or for disposing of them in a timely manner to assure compliance with the five-year limit; (iv) A description of the actions to be taken according to the schedule required by (a)(iii) of this subsection; (v) Procedures for noting in the operating record required by WAC 173-303-380(1) that the requirements of this subsection have been satisfied; and (vi) Such other requirements as the department specifies. (b) If the owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile can develop a written plan and schedule for developing and implementing a recycling or treatment process for the wastes stored in his impoundment or pile, then the department may grant an extension to the storage time limit required in (a) of this subsection. Such extension will be granted only once, will only apply to those dangerous wastes covered by the recycling or treatment plan and which are less than five years old on the date that the plan is approved by the department, and will not exceed five years: Provided, That on a case-by-case basis the department may grant an extension of longer than five years, but in no case will any extension be granted for longer than ten years, if the owner/operator of the impoundment or pile can demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that an extension of more than five years will not pose a threat to public health or the environment, and is necessary because: Other treatment or recycling options of shorter durations are not available; the treatment or recycling plan developed by the owner/operator cannot be implemented within five years due to technological circumstances; or, such other reasons as are determined acceptable by the department. Until the department grants the extension by approving the recycling or treatment plan, the owner/operator must continue to comply with the requirements of (a) of this subsection. The recycling or treatment plan and schedule, at a minimum, must: (i) Specify the wastes which will be recycled or treated in accordance with the plan; (ii) Describe in detail the recycling or treatment which the owner/operator intends to perform. If the recycling or treatment will involve physical changes to the owner's/operator's facility, the plan must include descriptions of all necessary equipment, processes to be used, site plans, and maps to show any new structures, pipes, channels, waste handling areas, roads, etc.; (iii) Discuss any permit actions (including issuance or modification) necessary under this chapter, and any other permits which will be required under other federal, state or local laws; (iv) Establish a schedule for complying with the plan. The schedule must, at a minimum, cover: (A) The rate at which wastes will be recycled or treated in order to comply with the extension granted by the department; (B) Construction and equipment installation times as appropriate; (C) Timing for complying with all required permit actions; and (D) Such other elements as the department might require; (v) Describe how the owner/operator will continue to comply with the requirements of (a) of this subsection for all wastes not specified in (b)(i) of this subsection; (vi) Identify any future occurrences or situations which the owner/operator could reasonably expect to occur and which might cause him to fail to comply with his recycling or treatment plan. The owner/operator must also describe what actions he would take in the event that such occurrences or situations happen; (vii) Be approved by the department. The plan may not be implemented until it is approved by the department including, if necessary, issuance or modification of a facility permit as required by this chapter. Any extension granted by the department will begin on the date that the plan is approved, or the date five years after the effective date of this subsection, whichever is later; and (viii) Include any other elements that the department might require. (c) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile is exempted from the requirements of (a) and (b) of this subsection if: (i) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile can demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that the impoundment or pile is not used primarily for storage, but that it is primarily used to actively and effectively neutralize, detoxify, or other wise treat dangerous waste; or (ii) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile can demonstrate to the department's satisfaction that dangerous waste is removed on a frequent basis (at least four times a year) for treatment, recycling or disposal, provided that the amount of waste removed during any five-year period must equal or exceed the amount of waste placed in the impoundment or pile during that five-year period. However, this exemption does not apply to waste removal which is being performed pursuant to a recycling or treatment plan developed and approved under (b) of this subsection; or (iii) The owner/operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile has demonstrated, through his permit, closure plan or other instrument, that the impoundment or pile is being operated as a land disposal unit and that it will be closed as a landfill. (6) Labeling for containers and tanks. The owner or operator must label containers and tanks in a manner which adequately identifies the major risk(s) associated with the contents for employees, emergency response personnel and the public (Note -- If there is already a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate). The owner or operator must ensure that labels are not obscured, removed, or otherwise unreadable in the course of inspection required under WAC 173-303-320. For tanks, the label or sign must be legible at a distance of at least fifty feet. For containers, the owner or operator must affix labels upon transfer of dangerous waste from one container to another. The owner or operator must destroy or otherwise remove labels from the emptied container, unless the container will continue to be used for storing dangerous waste at the facility. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-395, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-395, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-395, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-395, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-395, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-395, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-400 Interim status facility standards. (1) Purpose. The purpose of WAC 173-303-400 is to establish standards which define the acceptable management of dangerous waste during the period of interim status and until certification of final closure or, if the facility is subject to post-closure requirements, until post-closure responsibilities are fulfilled. (2) Applicability. (a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 265.1080(b), the interim status standards apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, transfer, and/or dispose of dangerous waste. For purposes of this section, interim status applies to all facilities that comply fully with the requirements for interim status under Section 3005(e) of the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act or WAC 173-303-805. The interim status standards also apply to those owners and operators of facilities in existence on November 19, 1980, for RCRA wastes and those facilities in existence on August 9, 1982, for state only wastes who have failed to provide the required notification pursuant to WAC 173-303-060 or failed to file Part A of the permit application pursuant to WAC 173-303-805 (4) and (5). Interim status will end after final administrative disposition of the Part B permit application is completed, or may be terminated for the causes described in WAC 173-303-805(8). (b) Interim status facilities must meet the interim status standards by November 19, 1980, except that: (i) Interim status facilities which handle only state designated wastes (i.e., not designated by 40 CFR Part 261) must meet the interim status standards by August 9, 1982; and (ii) Interim status facilities must comply with the additional state interim status requirements specified in subsection (3)(c)(ii), (iii) and (v), of this section, by August 9, 1982. (c) The requirements of the interim status standards do not apply to: (i) Persons disposing of dangerous waste subject to a permit issued under the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act; (ii) Reserved; (iii) The owner or operator of a POTW who treats, stores, or disposes of dangerous wastes, provided that he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(4); (iv) The owner or operator of a totally enclosed treatment facility or elementary neutralization or wastewater treatment units as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(5); (v) Generators accumulating waste for less than ninety days except to the extent WAC 173-303-200 provides otherwise; (vi) The addition, by a generator, of absorbent material to waste in a container, or of waste to absorbent material in a container, provided that these actions occur at the time the waste is first placed in containers or, in the case of repackaging of previously containerized waste into new containers, at the time the waste is first placed into the new containers and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b); (vii) The compaction or sorting, by a generator, of miscellaneous waste forms such as cans, rags, and bottles in a container, so long as the activity is solely for the purpose of reducing waste void space, and so long as these activities are conducted in a manner that protects human health and prevents any release to the environment and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b); (viii) Generators treating dangerous waste on-site in tanks, containers, or containment buildings that are used for accumulation of such wastes provided the generator complies with the WAC 173-303-170(3); (ix) The owner or operator of an elementary neutralization unit or a wastewater treatment unit as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that if the owner or operator is diluting hazardous ignitable (D001) wastes (other than the D001 High TOC Subcategory defined in 40 CFR section 268.40, Table Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes), or reactive (D003) waste, to remove the characteristic before land disposal, the owner/operator must comply with the requirements set out in WAC 173-303-395 (1)(a); and (x) Any person, other than an owner or operator who is already subject to the final facility standards, who is carrying out an immediate or emergency response to contain or treat a discharge or potential discharge of a dangerous waste or hazardous substance. (xi) Universal waste handlers and universal waste transporters (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) handling the wastes listed below. These handlers are subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-573, when handling the below listed universal wastes. (A) Batteries as described in WAC 173-303-573(2); (B) Thermostats as described in WAC 173-303-573(3); (C) Mercury-containing equipment as described in WAC 173-303-573(4); and (D) Lamps as described in WAC 173-303-573(5). (xii) WAC 173-303-578 identifies when the requirements of this section apply to the storage of military munitions classified as solid waste under WAC 173-303-578(2). The treatment and disposal of dangerous waste military munitions are subject to the applicable permitting, procedural, and technical standards in this chapter. (xiii)(A) Except as provided in (c)(xiii)(B) of this subsection, a person engaged in treatment or containment activities during immediate response to any of the following situations: (I) A discharge of a dangerous waste; (II) An imminent and substantial threat of a discharge of dangerous waste; (III) A discharge of a material that, when discharged, becomes a dangerous waste; (IV) An immediate threat to human health, public safety, property, or the environment, from the known or suspected presence of military munitions, other explosive material, or an explosive device, as determined by an explosive or munitions emergency response specialist as defined in WAC 173-303-040. (B) An owner or operator of a facility otherwise regulated by WAC 173-303-600 must comply with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-340 and 173-303-350. (C) Any person who is covered by (c)(xiii)(A) of this section and who continues or initiates dangerous waste treatment or containment activities after the immediate response is over is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter for those activities. (D) In the case of an explosives or munitions emergency response, if a federal, state, tribal or local official acting within the scope of his or her official responsibilities, or an explosives or munitions emergency response specialist, determines that immediate removal of the material or waste is necessary to protect human health or the environment, that official or specialist may authorize the removal of the material or waste by transporters who do not have EPA/state identification numbers and without the preparation of a manifest. In the case of emergencies involving military munitions, the responding military emergency response specialist's organizational unit must retain records for three years identifying the dates of the response, the responsible persons responding, the type and description of material addressed, and its disposition. (3) Standards. (a) Interim status standards are the standards set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency in 40 CFR Part 265 Section 265.19 of Subpart B, Subparts F through R, Subpart W, Subparts AA, BB, CC (including references to 40 CFR Parts 60, 61, and 63), DD, EE, and Appendix VI, which are incorporated by reference into this regulation (including, by reference, any EPA requirements specified in those subparts which are not otherwise explicitly described in this chapter), and: (i) The land disposal restrictions of WAC 173-303-140; the facility requirements of WAC 173-303-280 through173-303-440 except WAC 173-303-335; and the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-646; (ii) WAC 173-303-630(3), for containers. In addition, for container storage, the department may require that the storage area include secondary containment in accordance with WAC 173-303-630(7), if the department determines that there is a potential threat to public health or the environment due to the nature of the wastes being stored, or due to a history of spills or releases from stored containers. Any new container storage areas constructed or installed after September 30, 1986, must comply with the provisions of WAC 173-303-630(7). (iii) WAC 173-303-640 (5)(d), for tanks; and (iv) WAC 173-303-805. (b) For purposes of applying the interim status standards of 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R, Subpart W, and Subparts AA, BB, CC, DD, and EE to the state of Washington facilities, the federal terms have (and in the case of the wording used in the financial instruments referenced in Subpart H of Part 265, must be replaced with) the following state of Washington meanings: (i) "Regional administrator" means the "department" except for 40 CFR Parts 270.2; 270.3; 270.5; 270.10 (e)(1),(2) and (4); 270.10 (f) and (g); 270.11 (a)(3); 270.14 (b)(20); 270.32 (b)(2); and 270.51; (ii) "Hazardous" means "dangerous" except for Subparts AA, BB, CC, and DD. These subparts apply only to hazardous waste as defined in WAC 173-303-040; (iii) "Compliance procedure" has the meaning set forth in WAC 173-303-040, Definitions; (iv) "EPA hazardous waste numbers" mean "dangerous waste numbers". (c) In addition to the changes described in (b) of this subsection, the following modifications are made to interim status standards of 40 CFR Part 265 Subparts F through R, Subpart W, and Subparts AA, BB, CC, DD, and EE: (i) The words "the effective date of these regulations" means: (A) November 19, 1980, for facilities which manage any wastes designated by 40 CFR Part 261; (B) For wastes which become designated by 40 CFR Part 261 subsequent to November 19, 1980, the effective date is the date on which the wastes become regulated; (C) March 12, 1982, for facilities which manage wastes designated only by WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100 and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261; (D) For wastes which become designated only by WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100 and not designated by 40 CFR Part 261 subsequent to March 12, 1982, the effective date is the date on which the wastes become regulated. (ii) "Subpart N - landfills" has an additional section added which reads: "An owner/operator must not landfill an organic carcinogen or an EHW, as defined by WAC 173-303-080 through 173-303-100, except at the EHW facility at Hanford"; (iii) "Subpart R - underground injection" has an additional section which reads: "Owners and operators of wells are prohibited from disposing of EHW or an organic carcinogen designated under WAC 173-303-080 through173-303-100 "; (iv) "Subpart M - land treatment," section 265.273(b) is modified to replace the words "Part 261, Subpart D of this chapter" with "WAC 173-303-080"; (v) "Subpart F - ground water monitoring," section 265.91(c) includes the requirement that: "Ground water monitoring wells must be designed, constructed, and operated so as to prevent ground water contamination. Chapter 173-160 WAC may be used as guidance in the installation of wells"; (vi) "Subpart H - financial requirements" has an additional section which reads: "Any owner or operator who can provide financial assurances and instruments which satisfy the requirements of WAC 173-303-620 will be deemed to be in compliance with 40 CFR Part 265 Subpart H." In 40 CFR Parts 265.143(g) and 265.145(g) the following sentence does not apply to the state: "If the facilities covered by the mechanisms are in more than one Region, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to, and maintained with the Regional Administrators of all such Regions." Instead, the following sentence applies: "If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state." In addition, the following sections and any cross-reference to these sections are not incorporated by reference: 40 CFR Parts 265.149 and 265.150; and (vii) "Subpart J - tank systems" section 265.193(a) is modified so that the dates by which secondary containment (which meets the requirements of that section) must be provided are the same as the dates in WAC 173-303-640 (4)(a). (viii) "Subpart J - tank systems" section 265.191(a) is modified so that the date by which an assessment of a tank system's integrity must be completed is January 12, 1990. (ix) "Subpart G - closure and post-closure." The third sentence in section 265.112 (d)(1) is modified to read "The owner or operator must submit the closure plan to the department at least 45 days prior to the date on which they expect to begin closure of a tank, container storage, or incinerator unit, or final closure of a facility with only such units." In addition, the sixth sentence of section 265.112 (d)(1) is modified to read "Owners or operators with approved closure plans must notify the department in writing at least 45 days prior to the date on which they expect to begin closure of a tank, container storage, or incinerator unit, or final closure of a facility with only such units." The first sentence of section 265.115 is modified to read "Within 60 days of completion of closure of each dangerous waste management unit (including tank systems and container storage areas) and within 60 days of completion of final closure, the owner or operator must submit to the department, by registered mail, a certification that the dangerous waste management unit or facility, as applicable, has been closed in accordance with the specifications in the approved closure plan." In addition, the clean-up levels for removal or decontamination set forth at WAC 173-303-610 (2)(b) apply. (x) "Subpart B - general facility standards. References to "EPA" (etc.), means the "department" except at 40 CFR 265.11. Additionally, references to "administrator" (etc.), means the "director" except at 40 CFR 265.12(a)." (xi) The following sections and any cross-reference to these sections are not incorporated or adopted by reference: (A) 40 CFR Parts 260.1 (b)(4)-(6) and 260.20-22. (B) 40 CFR Parts 264.1 (d) and (f); 265.1 (c)(4);264.149-150 and 265.149-150; 264.301(k); and 265.430. (C) 40 CFR Parts 268.5 and 6; 268 Subpart B; 268.42(b); and 268.44 (a) through (g). (D) 40 CFR Parts 270.1 (c)(1)(i); 270.60(b); and 270.64. (E) 40 CFR Parts 124.1 (b)-(e); 124.4; 124.5(e); 124.9; 124.10 (a)(1)(iv); 124.12(e); 124.14(d); 124.15 (b)(2); 124.16; 124.17(b); 124.18; 124.19; and 124.21. (F) 40 CFR Parts 2.106(b); 2.202(b); 2.205(i); 2.209 (b)-(c); 2.212-213; and 2.301-311. (G) 40 CFR 265.110(c), 40 CFR 265.118 (c)(4), 40 CFR 265.121 and 40 CFR 265.1080 (e) and (f). (xii) "Subpart EE - Hazardous waste munitions and explosives storage." The first sentence at 40 CFR 265.1202 is modified to exclude the exception for hazardous wastes managed under 261.3(d). (4) The requirements of this section apply to owners or operators of all facilities that treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste referred to in 40 CFR Part 268, and the 40 CFR Part 268 standards are considered material conditions or requirements of the interim status standards incorporated by reference in subsection (3) of this section. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-400, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-400, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-400, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-400, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-400, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-400, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-400, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-400, filed 1/4/89; 88-02-057 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-400, filed 1/5/88, effective 2/5/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-400, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-400, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-400, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-400, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-430 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-430, filed 3/11/88; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-430, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-440 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-440, filed 3/11/88; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-440, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-500 Recycling requirements for state-only dangerous waste. (1) Applicability. This section applies to the recycling of state-only dangerous waste that are not regulated as hazardous wastes (defined in WAC 173-303-040) by EPA. (Also, see WAC 173-303-120 (3) and (5).) (2) Standards. (a) If state-only dangerous wastes are recycled in any of the ways described in WAC 173-303-505 through 173-303-525, then such recycling is subject to the respective requirements of WAC 173-303-505 through 173-303-525, except as provided in (c) of this subsection. (b) If state-only dangerous wastes are recycled in any way not specifically described in WAC 173-303-505 through173-303-525 , then such recycling is subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-120(4), except as provided in (c) of this subsection. (c) Recyclers who receive state-only dangerous wastes from off-site and who store the wastes in containers or tanks may, in lieu of the provisions for storing dangerous wastes prior to recycling, comply with: (i) WAC 173-303-060; (ii) WAC 173-303-370 (if the dangerous waste received must be accompanied by a manifest); and (iii) The following requirements, provided that the dangerous waste is recycled within ninety days of the date it is received by the recycler: (A) WAC 173-303-330 through 173-303-360; (B) WAC 173-303-630 (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8) and (9), for containers; (C) WAC 173-303-640 (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7), for tanks; and (D) WAC 173-303-630(7) for new container areas installed after September 30, 1986, and WAC 173-303-640(2) for new tanks installed after September 30, 1986. (d) The department may require a recycler who is storing his waste under the provisions of (c) of this subsection to comply with the provisions for storing dangerous waste prior to recycling specified in WAC 173-303-505 through 173-303-525 and 173-303-120(4) if: (i) The recycler fails to comply with the requirements of (c) of this subsection; or (ii) The department determines, on a case-by-case basis, that the requirements of (c) of this subsection do not adequately protect public health or the environment. (3) Relief from standards. The owner/operator of a facility recycling dangerous wastes under the provisions of this section may ask the department to provide relief from any of the applicable requirements of this section. Requests for relief must be submitted as described in (a) of this subsection. Requests for relief will be approved or denied as described in (b) of this subsection. (a) A request for relief must be submitted by the recycler to the department in writing and must describe the standards from which the recycler is seeking relief. The request must include: (i) The facility name, EPA/state identification number, address, telephone number, and a contact person at the facility; (ii) The waste(s) managed at the facility and the type(s) recycling; (iii) The specific standards from which the owner/operator seeks relief; (iv) A description, for each standard, demonstrating: (A) Why the owner/operator believes the standard to be unnecessary; (B) How public health and the environment will continue to be protected if the standard is not applied to the facility; and (C) Any evidence supporting the contention that public health and the environment will be adequately protected if the standard is not applied (e.g., test data, diagrams, experiences at similar facilities, records, reports, etc.); and (v) The following certification, signed and dated by a person who would be authorized to sign a report under WAC 173-303-810 (12)(b): "I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted in this request and all attachments and that, based on my inquiry of those individuals immediately responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the information is true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment." The department may ask for any additional information it deems necessary, and will not consider approval of the owner's/operator's request until all necessary information has been submitted. Failure to provide any of the information required may result in the department's denying the owner's/operator's request. (b) The department will review any requests submitted pursuant to (a) of this subsection, and based on the adequacy of the information provided in the request will approve or deny all or any part of the request. The department will notify the recycler of its decision in writing. If the department decides to approve all or part of the request and the recycler agrees with the department's decision, then the department will proceed to grant the approval as described below. No approval will be effective until the procedures described below have been completed. (i) For facilities which are required to have a final facility permit, the department will follow the procedures for issuing (or, for facilities which already have a final facility permit, the procedures for modifying) a final facility permit, as described in WAC 173-303-806. The new or modified final facility permit will include the standards the owner/operator must meet. (ii) For all other types of recycling facilities, the department will issue a notice of modification stating what standards will be applied. Before issuing the notice of modification, the department will provide public notice of its intent, will allow thirty days for public comment, and will hold a public hearing if there is a significant degree of public interest or there is written notice of opposition and the department receives a request for a hearing during the comment period. Notice of a public hearing will be provided at least fifteen days in advance, and the public comment period will be extended to include the date of the hearing if it will occur after the initial thirty-day comment period. Within fifteen days of the end of the public comment period the department will, based on comments received, issue, modify and issue, or deny the notice of modification. (c) Failure to comply with the conditions and standards as stated in the permit or notice of modification issued under (b) of this subsection will form a basis for modifying or revoking the permit or notice of modification. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-500, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-500, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-500, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-500, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-500, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-500, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-505 Special requirements for recyclable materials used in a manner constituting disposal. (1) Applicability. (Also, see WAC 173-303-120(3).) (a) This section applies to recyclable materials that are applied to or placed on the land: (i) Without mixing with any other substance(s); or (ii) After mixing or combining with any other substance(s). These materials will be referred to as "materials used in a manner that constitutes disposal." (b)(i) Products produced for the general public's use that are used in a manner that constitutes disposal and that contain recyclable materials are not presently subject to regulation if the recyclable materials have undergone a chemical reaction in the course of producing the product so as to become inseparable by physical means and if such products meet the applicable treatment standards in 40 CFR Part 268 Subpart D (or applicable prohibition levels in 268.32 or RCRA section 3004(d), where no treatment standards have been established) for each recyclable material (i.e., hazardous waste) that they contain. (ii) Antiskid/deicing uses of slags, which are generated from high temperature metals recovery (HTMR) processing of dangerous waste K061, K062, and F006, in a manner constituting disposal are not covered by the exemption in (b)(i) of this subsection and remain subject to regulation. (iii) Fertilizers that contain recyclable materials are not subject to regulation provided that: (A) They are zinc fertilizers excluded according to WAC 173-303-071 (3)(pp); or (B) They meet the applicable treatment standards in subpart D of Part 268, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a) for each hazardous waste that they contain. (Note: Fertilizers that contain recyclable material derived from state-only waste must also meet the treatment standards in WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a) that apply to the characteristics of dangerous waste that the state-only waste exhibits.) (iv) The department may recommend registration under chapter 15.54 RCW for a waste-derived fertilizer (including fertilizers that contain recyclable material) or micronutrient fertilizer: Provided, That the registrant submits the information described in (b)(v)(A) or (B) of this subsection. However, the information requirements in (b)(v)(A) of this subsection may not be required if: The registrant provides documentation that the fertilizer has been previously registered in Washington state two or more times using the information in (b)(v)(A) of this subsection, and the source materials used to manufacture the product have not changed. (A) Initial criteria. (I) The applicable Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) Certification as described in 40 CFR Part 268, or toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) data that indicate the product contains less than the maximum concentrations for TCLP metals described in WAC 173-303-090(8); and (II) Total Halogenated Organic Compounds (HOC) test data that indicate the product contains less than 1% total HOC. (B) Secondary criteria. (I) A complete description of the fertilizer manufacturing process, including the location of the manufacturing facility; and (II) A complete list of all ingredients used in manufacturing the fertilizer and a complete description of the sources of those ingredients, including a description of the original process and location for each of those ingredients; and (III) Evidence that any waste(s) used in manufacturing the product does not designate as dangerous waste according to procedures described in WAC 173-303-070; and (IV) Other information as required by the department. (2) Recyclable materials used in a manner that constitutes disposal are dangerous wastes and are subject to the following requirements: (a) For generators, WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230; (b) For transporters, WAC 173-303-240 through173-303-270 ; and (c) For facilities that store or use dangerous wastes in a manner constituting disposal, the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Part 268 (incorporated by reference in WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a)) and 173-303-280 through 173-303-840 (except that users of such products are not subject to these standards if the products meet the requirements of subsection (1)(b) of this section). (d) The use of waste oil, used oil, or other material that is contaminated with dioxin or any other dangerous waste for dust suppression or road treatment is prohibited. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-505, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-505, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-505, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-505, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-505, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-505, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-505, filed 1/4/89; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-505, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-505, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-506 Special requirements for the recycling of spent CFC or HCFC refrigerants. (1) Applicability. (Also, see WAC 173-303-120(3).) (a) This section applies to spent chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants that are reclaimed or recycled. Refrigerants eligible for these special requirements are those CFCs and HCFCs that were used as heat transfer material in a refrigeration cycle in totally enclosed heat transfer equipment and are subsequently reclaimed or recycled. (b) Persons who generate, transport, or store spent CFC or HCFC refrigerants prior to reclamation or recycling and facilities that reclaim or recycle spent CFC or HCFC refrigerants are subject to the requirements of this section, and WAC 173-303-050, 173-303-145, and 173-303-960. Spent CFC or HCFC refrigerants that are not reclaimed or recycled are subject to all the applicable requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC. Any discharge of spent CFCs or HCFCs to the environment constitutes disposal and is subject to full regulation under chapter 173-303 WAC. (2) Generator requirements. (a) Persons who reclaim or recycle their spent CFC or HCFC refrigerants, either on-site or send their wastes off-site to be reclaimed or recycled, must keep records for a period of at least five years from the date of reclamation/recycling to document: (i) The date of shipment (if sent off-site); (ii) The quantity (by weight) reclaimed/recycled per shipment (when sent off-site) or batch (when recycled on-site); (iii) The percentage of the total amount of CFC or HCFC wastes reclaimed/recycled per shipment or batch (and the manner of disposal for the remaining CFCs or HCFCs); and (iv) The dates of reclamation/recycling. (b) For CFCs or HCFCs sent off-site, the generator must obtain a signed document from the reclamation facility certifying the information in (a) of this subsection. (3) Reclamation facility requirements. (a) Facilities that reclaim or recycle CFC or HCFC refrigerants must comply with all the requirements of WAC 173-303-500 (except for WAC 173-303-500 (2)(c)(ii)). The applicable provisions of the following sections will also apply: (i) WAC 173-303-280(2), General requirements for dangerous waste management facilities, imminent hazard; (ii) WAC 173-303-283, Performance standards; (iii) WAC 173-303-290 (1) and (2), Required notices; (iv) WAC 173-303-380, Facility recordkeeping; except for WAC 173-303-380 (1)(c), (e), and (h); (v) WAC 173-303-390(3), Facility reporting; (vi) WAC 173-303-630(10), Use and management of containers; (vii) WAC 173-303-640 (1), (2), (8), and (10), Tank systems, except WAC 173-303-640 (8)(c) and the second sentence of WAC 173-303-640 (8)(a) (i.e., a recycler, unless otherwise required to do so, does not have to prepare a closure plan, a cost estimate for closure, or provide financial responsibility for his tank system to satisfy the requirements of this section). (b) The reclamation facility must supply generators with a signed document certifying the information in subsection (2)(a) of this section. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-506, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-506, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 93-02-050 (Order 92-32), § 173-303-506, filed 1/5/93, effective 2/5/93.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-510 Special requirements for dangerous wastes burned for energy recovery. (1) Applicability. (Also, see WAC 173-303-120(3).) (a) This section applies to generators, marketers, transporters, blenders, and burners of dangerous waste fuels that are to be burned for energy recovery in any boiler or industrial furnace that is not regulated under Subpart O of 40 CFR Part 265 or WAC 173-303-670, except as provided by (b) of this subsection. These regulations do not apply to gas recovered from dangerous waste management activities when such gas is burned for energy recovery. Note: (This note is a reminder that all generators, transporters, and burners of federally regulated hazardous waste fuels that are to be burned for energy recovery, and all storage facility owners and operators of facilities that store dangerous waste that is burned in a boiler or industrial furnace must comply with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 266 Subpart H.) In addition, the following are incorporated by reference for boilers and industrial furnaces that burn hazardous waste: 40 CFR 266.100 (b)(1), 266.100 (d)(1), 266.100 (d)(3) intro, and 266.100(h)). (b) The following dangerous wastes are not subject to regulation under this section: (i) Used oil burned for energy recovery if it is a dangerous waste because it: (A) Exhibits a characteristic of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090; or (B) Is designated as DW only (and not EHW) through the criteria of WAC 173-303-100. Such used oil is subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-515 rather than this section. Note: Used oil burned for energy recovery containing a listed waste or a waste designated as EHW through the criteria of WAC 173-303-100 (a) and (b) is subject to this section. (ii) (Reserved.) (2) Definitions. Any terms used in this section that are not defined below have the meanings provided in WAC 173-303-040. For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the described meanings: (a) "Dangerous waste fuel" means dangerous waste burned or to be burned for energy recovery. Fuel produced from dangerous waste by processing, blending, or other treatment is also dangerous waste fuel. (b) "Distributor" means persons who distribute but do not process or blend dangerous waste fuel. Distributors may broker fuel by arranging for the final disposition of the fuel. Distributors are regulated under subsection (6) of this section. (c) "Blender" means persons who produce, process, or blend fuel from dangerous wastes. Blenders are regulated under subsection (7) of this section. (d) "Marketer" means persons who are: (i) Generators who market dangerous waste fuel directly to a burner. Generators are regulated under subsection (4) of this section; (ii) Distributors, regulated under subsection (6) of this section; (iii) Blenders, regulated under subsection (7) of this section. (3) Prohibitions. (a) A person may market dangerous waste fuel only: (i) To persons, in state, who have notified the department of their dangerous waste fuel activities under WAC 173-303-060 and have an EPA/state identification number or to out-of-state marketers or burners who have notified the EPA or authorized state agency and who have an EPA/state identification number; and (ii) When marketed to a burner, to persons who burn the fuel in boilers or industrial furnaces identified in (b) of this subsection. (b) Dangerous waste fuel may be burned for energy recovery in the following devices only; (i) Industrial furnaces identified in WAC 173-303-040; (ii) Boilers, as defined in WAC 173-303-040, that are identified as follows: (A) Industrial boilers located on the site of a facility engaged in a manufacturing process where substances are transformed into new products, including the component parts of products, by mechanical or chemical processes; or (B) Utility boilers used to produce electric power, steam, or heated or cooled air or other gases or fluids for sale. (c) No fuel which contains any dangerous waste may be burned in any cement kiln which is located within the boundaries of any incorporated municipality with a population greater than five hundred thousand (based on the most recent census statistics) unless such kiln fully complies with regulations under this chapter that are applicable to incinerators. (4) Standards applicable to generators of dangerous waste fuel. (a) All generators of dangerous waste that is used as a fuel or used to produce a fuel are subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (b) Generators who are marketers. Generators are marketers if they send their waste fuel directly to a burner. Generators who are marketers must: (i) Prohibitions. Comply with the prohibitions under subsection (3) of this subsection. (ii) Notification. Comply with the notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. Generators who have previously notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify their dangerous waste fuel activities. (iii) Accumulation. Comply with accumulation requirements of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201. (iv) Storage. For generators who have interim or final status and exceed the accumulation time frames referenced in (b)(iii) of this subsection, comply with the storage provisions of: (A) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395; and (B) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and (C) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities. (v) Required notice. Obtain, prior to initiating the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel, a one time written and signed certification notice from the burner certifying that: (A) The burner has notified as described under subsection (3) of this subsection; and (B) The burner will burn the dangerous waste fuel only in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this subsection. (vi) Recordkeeping. Keep a copy of each certification notice received for at least five years from the date of the last dangerous waste fuel shipment to the burner who sent such notice. (c) Generators who are burners also are subject to subsection (8) of this section. (5) Standards applicable to transporters of dangerous waste fuel. Transporters of dangerous waste fuel (and dangerous waste that is used to produce a fuel) are subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-240 through 173-303-270. (6) Standards applicable to distributors of dangerous waste fuel. (a) Prohibitions. The prohibitions under subsection (3) of this section; (b) Notification. Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. Distributors who have previously notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify their dangerous waste fuel activities. (c) Storage. Distributors who store dangerous waste fuels must comply with the applicable storage provisions of: (i) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395; and (ii) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and (iii) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities; (iv) The standards for generators in WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (d) Off-site shipment. A distributor must meet the standards for generators in WAC 173-303-170 through173-303-230 when the distributor initiates a shipment of dangerous waste fuel. Except that a distributor may not accumulate dangerous waste fuels under the accumulation provisions of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201; (e) Required notices. (i) Before initiating the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel to another distributor, a blender, or a burner, a distributor must obtain a one-time written and signed certification notice from the distributor, blender, or burner certifying that: (A) The burner, distributor, or blender has notified as described under subsection (3) of this section; and (B) If the recipient is a burner, the burner will burn the dangerous waste fuel only in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section. (ii) Before accepting the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel from another distributor or blender, the distributor must provide the other distributor or blender with a one-time written and signed certification that the distributor has complied with the notification requirements described in subsection (3) of this section; and (f) Recordkeeping. A distributor must keep a copy of each certification notice received or sent for at least five years from the date the distributor last engaged in a dangerous waste fuel marketing transaction with the person who sent or received the certification notice. (7) Standards applicable to blenders of dangerous waste fuels. (a) Prohibitions. The prohibitions under subsection (3) of this section. (b) Notification. Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. Blenders who have previously notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify their dangerous waste fuel activities. (c) Facility. For tanks, containers, or other units used to hold dangerous waste prior to blending or processing; for blending or processing tanks, containers, or other units; and for tanks, containers, or other units, used to hold blended or processed fuel, blenders must comply with the applicable provisions of: (i) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395; and (ii) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and (iii) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities; (d) Off-site shipment. The standards for generators in WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230 when a blender initiates a shipment of dangerous waste fuel, except that a blender may not accumulate dangerous waste fuels under the accumulation provisions of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201; (e) Required notices. (i) Before initiating the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel to another blender, a distributor, or a burner, a blender must obtain a one-time written and signed certification notice from the blender, distributor, or burner certifying that: (A) The burner, distributor, or blender has notified as described under subsection (3) of this section; and (B) If the recipient is a burner, the burner will burn the dangerous waste fuel only in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section. (ii) Before accepting the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel from another blender or distributor, the blender must provide the other blender or distributor with a one-time written and signed certification that the blender has complied with the notification requirements described in subsection (3) of this section; and (f) Recordkeeping. A blender must keep a copy of each certification notice received or sent for at least five years from the date the blender last engaged in a dangerous waste fuel marketing transaction with the person who sent or received the certification notice. (8) Standards applicable to burners of dangerous waste fuel. Owners and operators of industrial furnaces and boilers identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section must comply with: (a) Prohibitions. The prohibitions under subsection (3) of this section; (b) Notification. Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060 for dangerous waste fuel activities. A burner who has previously notified the department of dangerous waste management activities and obtained an EPA/state identification number, must renotify to identify the dangerous waste fuel activities; (c) Storage. (i) For short term accumulation by generators who burn their dangerous waste fuel on-site, the applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-200 or 173-303-201. (ii) For all burners who store dangerous waste fuel, the applicable storage provisions of: (A) WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395; (B) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; and (C) WAC 173-303-400 for interim status facilities or WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-692 for final status facilities (the air emission requirements do not apply to burners that meet the small quantity burner exemption at 40 CFR 266.101); (d) Required notices. Before a burner accepts the first shipment of dangerous waste fuel from a distributor, or a blender, or a generator the burner must provide the distributor, or the blender, or the generator a one-time written and signed notice certifying that: (i) The burner has notified as described under subsection (3) of this section; and (ii) The dangerous waste fuel will only be burned in an industrial furnace or boiler identified in subsection (3)(b) of this section. (e) Recordkeeping. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements of WAC 173-303-380, a burner must keep a copy of each certification notice sent for at least five years from the date the burner last receives dangerous waste fuel from the person who received the certification notice. (f) Local requirements. Any person who burns dangerous waste for energy recovery must comply with air emission requirements of the local air pollution control authority (or department of ecology if no local authority with jurisdiction exists). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-510, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-510, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-510, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-510, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-510, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-510, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-510, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-510, filed 3/11/88; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-510, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-510, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-510, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-515 Standards for the management of used oil. (1) Purpose. The purpose of this section is to provide used oil management standards for generators, transporters, collection centers, aggregation points, transfer facilities, processors, and re-refiners, burners, and marketers of used oil. (2) Definitions. In addition to the terms used in this chapter, the definitions of 40 CFR Part 279 are incorporated by reference when managing used oil under this section. The term "hazardous waste" used in 40 CFR Part 279 means "dangerous waste" as defined in WAC 173-303-040. (3) Applicability. This section identifies those materials subject to regulation as used oil. For the purpose of this section, the applicability statements of 40 CFR Part 279.10 are incorporated by reference, except 40 CFR Part 279.10 (b)(2) and (3), and as modified below. Materials containing or otherwise contaminated with or derived from used oil: The term "materials" used in 40 CFR Part 279.10 does not include dangerous waste. (4) Used oil specifications. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Part 279.11 and 40 CFR Part 261.3 (a)(2)(v) (rebuttable presumption) are incorporated by reference. The table is included below for the reader's convenience. Table 1--Used Oil Exceeding any Specification Level is Subject to this Section When Burned for Energy Recovery - - - - - - - - - - - - Constituent/property Allowable level - - - - - - - - - - - - Arsenic 5 ppm maximum Cadmium 2 ppm maximum Chromium 10 ppm maximum Lead 100 ppm maximum Flash point 100° F minimum Total halogens 4,000 ppm maximum\1\ Note: Applicable standards for the burning of used oil containing PCBs are imposed by 40 CFR 761.20(e). \1\ Used oil containing more than 1,000 ppm total halogens is presumed to be a dangerous waste under the rebuttable presumption provided under 40 CFR 279.10(b)(1). Such used oil is subject to 40 CFR Subpart H of Part 266 rather than this section when burned for energy recovery unless the presumption of mixing can be successfully rebutted. (5) Prohibitions. The prohibitions of 40 CFR Part 279.12 are incorporated by reference. The prohibitions for managing materials under this section include those listed in 40 CFR Part 279.12 and the following: (a) Materials designating as EHW or WPCB cannot be managed under this section when burned for energy recovery. Note: Materials managed under this section containing 2 ppm or greater PCBs are subject to applicable requirements of 40 CFR Part 761.20(e). (b) Metal working fluids that are formulated with chlorinated compounds such as chlorinated paraffins or chlorinated alkene polymers cannot be managed under this section when burned for energy recovery. (c) Ethylene glycol based fluids cannot be managed under this section. These fluids are subject to section WAC 173-303-522 when recycled. (d) The use of used oil or other materials managed under this section as a dust suppressant is prohibited. (e) Materials to be managed under this section are prohibited from being mixed with any dangerous waste. If any material managed under this section is mixed with dangerous waste, the resultant mixture is dangerous waste and must be managed as such. (6) Standards for used oil generators. This subsection applies to all used oil generators and persons managing materials under this section. The standards for used oil generators of 40 CFR Parts 279.20 through 279.24 are incorporated by reference except 40 CFR Part 279.21. Used oil generators and persons managing materials under this subsection are subject to the federal regulations listed above and the following: (a) Storage requirements for containers and tanks. (i) Containers must be closed at all times, except when adding or removing materials managed under this section. (ii) Containers and tanks must not be opened, handled, managed or stored in a manner that may cause the container or tank to leak or rupture. (b) Secondary containment requirements for storage of material managed under this section in tanks and containers. The department may require secondary containment, on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with some or all of the requirements in WAC 173-303-630(7) and 173-303-640(4) if the department determines that a potential for spills and discharges, mismanagement, or other factors pose a threat to human health or the environment. (c) Self-transport to approved collection centers. In addition to 40 CFR Part 279.24(a), generators may self-transport quantities greater than 55 gallons to a used oil collection center: Provided, That the owner/operator of the center records the name, address, telephone number, date of delivery and quantity of used oil being delivered to the site by the generator. (7) Standards for used oil collection centers and aggregation points. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Parts 279.30 through 279.32 are incorporated by reference. The standards for used oil collection centers under this subsection are those federal regulations listed above and the following modifications: In addition to the requirements of 40 CFR Part 279.31, the owner or operator of a used oil collection center may accept greater than 55 gallons of used oil from generators: Provided, That: (a) The requirements for a used oil transfer facility (40 CFR Parts 279.40 through 279.47) are complied with while that used oil is on site; and (b) The owner/operator of the collection center records the name, address, telephone number, date of delivery and quantity of used oil being delivered to the site by the generator of the used oil; and (c) Such records are kept on site for a period of three years. (8) Standards for used oil transporters and transfer facilities. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Parts 279.40 through 279.47 are incorporated by reference. The standards for used oil transfer facilities under this subsection are those federal regulations listed above and the following modifications: Additional reports. Upon determination by the department that the storage of used oil in tanks and/or containers poses a threat to public health or the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to provide additional information regarding the integrity of structures and equipment used to store used oil. This authority applies to tanks and secondary containment systems used to store used oil in tanks and containers. The department's determination of a threat to public health or the environment may be based upon observations of factors that would contribute to spills or releases of used oil or the generation of hazardous by-products (e.g., hydrogen sulfide gas). Those observations may include, but are not limited to, leaks, severe corrosion, structural defects or deterioration (cracks, gaps, separation of joints), inability to completely inspect tanks or structures, or concerns about the age or design specification of tanks. (a) When required by the department, a qualified, independent professional engineer registered to practice in Washington state must perform the assessment of the integrity of tanks or secondary containment systems. (b) Requirement for facility repairs and improvements. If, upon evaluation of information obtained by the department under (a) of this subsection, it is determined that repairs or structural improvements are necessary in order to eliminate threats, the department may require the owner/operator to discontinue the use of the tank system or container storage unit and remove the used oil until the repairs or improvements are completed and approved by the department. (9) Standards for used oil processors and rerefiners. For the purpose of managing materials under this section, 40 CFR Parts 279.50 through 279.59 are incorporated by reference. The standards for used oil processors and rerefiners under this subsection are those federal regulations listed above and the following: (a) In addition to the general facility standards of 40 CFR Part 279.52, owners and operators of used oil processing and/or rerefining facilities regulated under this subsection are subject to the following: (i) Used oil and other materials managed under the standards for management of used oil may be stored on-site without a permit for ninety days prior to entering an active recycling process. An active recycling process refers to a dynamic recycling operation that occurs within the recycling unit such as a distillation or centrifuge unit. The phrase does not refer to passive storage-like activities that occur, for example, when tanks or containers are used for phase separation or for settling impurities; (ii) Facility closure standards of WAC 173-303-610 (2) and (12); and (iii) Financial requirements of WAC 173-303-620 (1)(e). (b) Additional reports. Upon determination by the department that the storage of used oil in tanks and/or containers poses a threat to public health or the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to provide additional information regarding the integrity of structures and equipment used to store used oil. This authority applies to tanks and secondary containment systems used to store used oil in tanks and containers. The department's determination of a threat to public health or the environment may be based upon observations of factors that would contribute to spills or releases of used oil or the generation of hazardous by-products (for example, hydrogen sulfide gas). Those observations may include, but are not limited to, leaks, severe corrosion, structural defects or deterioration (cracks, gaps, separation of joints), inability to completely inspect tanks or structures, or concerns about the age or design specification of tanks. (i) When required by the department, a qualified, independent professional engineer registered to practice in Washington state must perform the assessment of the integrity of tanks or secondary containment systems. (ii) Requirement for facility repairs and improvements. If, upon evaluation of information obtained by the department under (b) of this subsection, it is determined that repairs or structural improvements are necessary in order to eliminate threats, the department may require the owner/operator to discontinue the use of the tank system or container storage unit and remove the used oil until such repairs or improvements are completed and approved by the department. (10) Standards for used oil burners who burn off-specification. For the purpose of managing materials under this subsection, 40 CFR Parts 279.60 through 279.67 are incorporated by reference. (11) Standards for used oil fuel marketers. For the purpose of managing materials under this subsection, 40 CFR Parts 279.70 through 279.75 are incorporated by reference. (12) Standards for disposal of used oil. For the purpose of managing materials under this subsection, 40 CFR Parts 279.80 through 279.82(a) are incorporated by reference. (13) Testing required. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this section, the department may require any person to test their used oil according to the methods set forth in Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA Publication, SW-846 to either determine if the used oil is on-specification as described in WAC 173-303-515(4), determine whether the used oil contains a listed hazardous waste, or determine if the used oil is prohibited from being managed as used oil in WAC 173-303-515(5). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-515, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-515, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-515, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-515, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-515, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-515, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-515, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-515, filed 6/27/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-520 Special requirements for reclaiming spent lead acid battery wastes. This section applies to persons who reclaim (including regeneration) spent lead-acid batteries that are recyclable materials ("spent batteries"). (Also, see WAC 173-303-120(3).) (1) Persons who generate, transport, or collect spent batteries, who regenerate spent batteries, or who store spent batteries but do not reclaim them (other than spent batteries that are to be regenerated) are subject only to the requirements of WAC 173-303-016 through 173-303-161 except for 173-303-060, and WAC 173-303-960 if such spent batteries are going to a battery reclaimer. Persons who reclaim spent batteries through regeneration (such as by electrolyte replacement) are not subject to 40 CFR Part 268, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a). (2) Owners and operators of battery reclaiming facilities that store spent lead acid batteries prior to reclaiming (other than spent batteries that are to be regenerated) them are subject to the following requirements: (a) For all reclaimers, the applicable storage provisions of: (i) WAC 173-303-280 (2) and (3); (ii) WAC 173-303-282; (iii) WAC 173-303-283; (iv) WAC 173-303-290; (v) WAC 173-303-310 through 173-303-360; (vi) WAC 173-303-380; (vii) WAC 173-303-390 (2) and (3); (viii) WAC 173-303-395; and (ix) WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. (b) For reclaimers with interim status permits, the applicable storage provisions of WAC 173-303-400 including Subparts F through L of 40 CFR Part 265; (c) For reclaimers with final facility permits, the applicable storage provisions of: (i) WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-650; and (ii) WAC 173-303-660. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-520, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-520, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-520, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-520, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-520, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-520, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-520, filed 3/11/88; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-520, filed 6/3/86; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-520, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-520, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-522 Special requirements for recycling spent antifreeze. (1) Applicability. This section applies to the recycling of spent antifreeze. Antifreeze means ethylene glycol based coolant used as a heat exchange medium in motor vehicle radiators, motorized equipment, or in other industrial processes. For the purposes of this section recycling means reclamation and reuse, but not burning for energy recovery. (Also, see WAC 173-303-120(3).) (2) Standards. Persons who generate, transport, or store spent antifreeze but do not reclaim or recycle it are subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-050, 173-303-145, and 173-303-960 if their spent antifreeze is going to a recycler. Any discharge of spent antifreeze to the environment constitutes disposal and is subject to full regulation under this chapter. (a) Generator requirements: (i) Persons who reclaim or recycle their spent antifreeze on-site, or send their antifreeze off-site to be reclaimed or recycled, must keep records for a period of five years from the date of reclamation/recycling. Proof of reclamation/recycling is either a log for on-site reclamation/recycling or an invoice or bill of lading for off-site reclamation/recycling. (ii) Containers and tanks used to accumulate spent antifreeze must be labeled "spent antifreeze." (iii) Spent antifreeze that is to be reclaimed can be accumulated on-site for any length of time, and in any amount. (iv) During accumulation, spent antifreeze must be stored in a manner to prevent releases to the environment. This includes, but is not limited to, storing wastes in compatible containers, on impermeable surfaces, or in secondary containment structures. (b) If spent antifreeze is mixed with another dangerous waste, generators are subject to the generator requirements, WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (c) Persons who generate spent antifreeze that is not reclaimed/recycled, but is otherwise disposed, are subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter. (3) Transporters and transfer facility requirements: (a) Persons engaged in routine off-site transportation of spent antifreeze are required to obtain a state/EPA ID number, WAC 173-303-060, and to comply with the transporter requirements, WAC 173-303-240. (b) If spent antifreeze is mixed with another dangerous waste, transporters are subject to the generator requirements, WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (c) Transporters who store spent antifreeze at a transfer facility are allowed to use tanks or containers as defined in WAC 173-303-040, and store such waste for up to ten days, WAC 173-303-240(6). Transporters may store spent antifreeze at a transfer facility for longer than ten days if they meet the requirements for tank and/or container management, including secondary containment in WAC 173-303-630 through 173-303-640. (4) Reclamation/recycling facility requirements: Owners and operators of antifreeze reclaiming/recycling facilities are subject to the conditions of WAC 173-303-120 (4)(c). These conditions apply equally to facilities whether or not twenty-four-hour storage of spent antifreeze occurs prior to reclamation. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-522, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-522, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-522, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-525 Special requirements for recyclable material utilized for precious metal recovery. (1) Applicability and requirements. (Also, see WAC 173-303-120(3).) (a) This section applies to recyclable materials that are reclaimed to recover economically significant amounts of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, or any combination of these. (b) Persons who generate, transport, or store recyclable materials that are regulated under this section are subject to the following requirements: (i) Notification requirements under WAC 173-303-060; (ii) WAC 173-303-180 (for generators), 173-303-250 (for transporters), and 173-303-370 (for persons who store); and (iii) For precious metals exported to or imported from designated OECD member countries for recovery, 40 CFR subpart H of part 262 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)) and 173-303-290 (1)(b). For precious metals exported to or imported from non-OECD countries for recovery, 40 CFR subpart E (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1)) and 173-303-230(2). (c) Persons who store recycled materials that are regulated under this section must keep the following records to document that they are not accumulating these materials speculatively (as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(d)(ii)); (i) Records showing the volume of these materials stored at the beginning of the calendar year; (ii) The amount of these materials generated or received during the calendar year; and (iii) The amount of materials remaining at the end of the calendar year. (d) Recyclable materials that are regulated under this section that are accumulated speculatively (as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(d)(ii)) are dangerous wastes and are subject to all applicable provisions of this chapter. (2) Additional regulation of recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery on a case-by-case basis. The department may decide on a case-by-case basis that persons accumulating or storing recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery should be regulated under WAC 173-303-120(4). The basis for this decision is that the materials are being accumulated or stored in a manner that does not protect human health and the environment because the materials or their toxic constituents have not been adequately contained, or because the materials being accumulated or stored together are incompatible. In making this decision, the department will consider the following factors: (a) The types of materials accumulated or stored and the amounts accumulated or stored; (b) The method of accumulation or storage; (c) The length of time the materials have been accumulated or stored before being reclaimed; (d) Whether any contaminants are being released into the environment, or are likely to be so released; and (e) Other relevant factors. The procedures for this decision are set forth in subsection (3) of this section. (3) Procedures for case-by-case regulation of recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery. The department will use the following procedures when determining whether to regulate recyclable materials utilized for precious metal recovery under the provisions of WAC 173-303-120(4), rather than under the provisions of subsection (1) of this section. (a) If a generator is accumulating the waste, the department will issue a notice setting forth the factual basis for the decision and stating that the person must comply with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-170 and 173-303-190 through 173-303-230. The notice will become final within thirty days, unless the person served requests a public hearing to challenge the decision. Upon receiving such a request, the department will hold a public hearing. The department will provide notice of the hearing to the public and allow public participation at the hearing. The department will issue a final order after the hearing stating whether or not compliance with WAC 173-303-170 and 173-303-190 through 173-303-230 is required. The order becomes effective thirty days after service of the decision unless the department specifies a later date or unless review by the department is requested. The order may be appealed to the pollution control hearings board, in accordance with WAC 173-303-845, by any person who participated in the public hearing. (b) If the person is accumulating the recyclable material as a storage facility, the notice will state that the person must obtain a permit in accordance with all applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The owner or operator of the facility must apply for a permit within no less than sixty days and no more than six months of notice, as specified in the notice. If the owner or operator of the facility wishes to challenge the department's decision he may do so in his permit application, in a public hearing held on the draft permit, or in comments filed on the draft permit or on the notice of intent to deny the permit. The fact sheet accompanying the permit will specify the reasons for the department's determination. The question of whether the department's decision was proper will remain open for consideration during the public comment period discussed under WAC 173-303-840 (4)(d) and in any subsequent hearing. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-525, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-525, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-525, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-525, filed 6/3/86.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-550 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-550, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-550, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-550, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-550, filed 6/26/87; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-550, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-560 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-560, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-560, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-560, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-560, filed 3/11/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-560, filed 6/26/87; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-560, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-573 Standards for universal waste management. (1) Scope. (a) This section establishes requirements for managing the following: (i) Batteries as described in subsection (2) of this section; (ii) Thermostats as described in subsection (3) of this section; (iii) Mercury-containing equipment as described in subsection (4) of this section; and (iv) Lamps as described in subsection (5) of this section. (b) This section provides an alternative set of management standards in lieu of regulation under the rest of this chapter except for WAC 173-303-050, 173-303-145, and 173-303-960. (2) Applicability -- Batteries. (a) Batteries covered under this section. (i) The requirements of this section apply to persons managing batteries, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection. (ii) Spent lead-acid batteries which are not managed under WAC 173-303-120 (3)(f) and 173-303-520, are subject to management under this section. (b) Batteries not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following batteries: (i) Spent lead-acid batteries that are managed under WAC 173-303-120(3) and 173-303-520. (ii) Batteries, as described in WAC 173-303-040, that are not yet wastes under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070, including those that do not meet the criteria for waste generation in (c) of this subsection. (iii) Batteries, as described in WAC 173-303-040, that are not dangerous waste. A battery is a dangerous waste if it exhibits one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. (c) Generation of waste batteries. (i) A used battery becomes a waste on the date it is discarded (e.g., when sent for reclamation). (ii) An unused battery becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it. (3) Applicability -- Mercury thermostats. (a) Thermostats covered under this section. The requirements of this section apply to persons managing thermostats, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection. (b) Thermostats not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following thermostats: (i) Thermostats that are not yet wastes under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070. Paragraph (c) of this subsection describes when thermostats become wastes. (ii) Thermostats that are not dangerous waste. A thermostat is a dangerous waste if it exhibits one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. (c) Generation of waste thermostats. (i) A used thermostat becomes a waste on the date it is discarded (e.g., sent for reclamation). (ii) An unused thermostat becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it. (4) Applicability -- Mercury-containing equipment. (a) Mercury-containing equipment covered under this section. The requirements of this section apply to persons managing mercury-containing equipment, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection. (b) Mercury-containing equipment not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following mercury-containing equipment: (i) Mercury-containing equipment that is not yet a waste under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070. Paragraph (c) of this subsection describes when mercury-containing equipment becomes a waste. (ii) Mercury-containing equipment that is not a dangerous waste. Mercury-containing equipment that does not exhibit one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100 is not dangerous waste. (c) Generation of waste mercury-containing equipment. (i) Used mercury-containing equipment becomes a waste on the date it is discarded. (ii) Unused mercury-containing equipment becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it. (d) Universal waste handlers and universal waste transporters (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) are exempt from 40 CFR 268.7 and 268.50 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a)) for mercury-containing equipment covered under this subsection. (5) Applicability--Lamps. (a) Lamps covered under this section. The requirements of this section apply to persons managing lamps, as described in WAC 173-303-040, except those listed in (b) of this subsection. (b) Lamps not covered under this section. The requirements of this section do not apply to persons managing the following lamps: (i) Lamps that are not yet wastes under WAC 173-303-016, 173-303-017, or 173-303-070. Paragraph (c) of this subsection describes when lamps become wastes. (ii) Lamps that are not dangerous waste. Lamps that do not exhibit one or more of the characteristics or criteria identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100 are not dangerous waste. (c) Generation of waste lamps. (i) A used lamp becomes a waste on the date it is discarded. (ii) An unused lamp becomes a waste on the date the handler decides to discard it. (6) Applicability -- Small quantity handlers of universal waste. Subsections (6) through (16) of this section apply to small quantity handlers of universal waste (as defined in WAC 173-303-040). (7) Prohibitions. A small quantity handler of universal waste is: (a) Prohibited from disposing of universal waste; and (b) Prohibited from diluting or treating universal waste, except by responding to releases as provided in subsection (13) of this section; or by managing specific wastes as provided in subsection (9) of this section. (8) Notification. A small quantity handler of universal waste is not required to notify the department of universal waste handling activities. (9) Waste management. (a) Universal waste batteries. A small quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste batteries in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows: (i) A small quantity handler of universal waste must contain any universal waste battery that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions in a container. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the battery, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. (ii) A small quantity handler of universal waste may conduct the following activities as long as the casing of each individual battery cell is not breached and remains intact and closed (except that cells may be opened to remove electrolyte but must be immediately closed after removal): (A) Sorting batteries by type; (B) Mixing battery types in one container; (C) Discharging batteries so as to remove the electric charge; (D) Regenerating used batteries; (E) Disassembling batteries or battery packs into individual batteries or cells; (F) Removing batteries from consumer products; or (G) Removing electrolyte from batteries. (iii) A small quantity handler of universal waste who removes electrolyte from batteries, or who generates other solid waste (e.g., battery pack materials, discarded consumer products) as a result of the activities listed above, must determine whether the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. (A) If the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the dangerous electrolyte and/or other waste and is subject to WAC 173-303-170 through173-303-230 . (B) If the electrolyte or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations. (b) Universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment. A small quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows: (i) A small quantity handler of universal waste must place in a container any universal waste thermostat or mercury-containing equipment that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the thermostat or device, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. (ii) A small quantity handler of universal waste may remove mercury-containing ampules from universal waste thermostats or mercury-containing equipment provided the handler: (A) Removes the ampules in a manner designed to prevent breakage of the ampules; (B) Removes ampules only over or in a containment device (e.g., tray or pan sufficient to collect and contain any mercury released from an ampule in case of breakage); (C) Ensures that a mercury clean-up system is readily available to immediately transfer any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules, from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200; (D) Immediately transfers any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200; (E) Ensures that the area in which ampules are removed is well ventilated and monitored to ensure compliance with applicable OSHA exposure levels for mercury; (F) Ensures that employees removing ampules are thoroughly familiar with proper waste mercury handling and emergency procedures, including transfer of mercury from containment devices to appropriate containers; (G) Stores removed ampules in closed, nonleaking containers that are in good condition; (H) Packs removed ampules in the container with packing materials adequate to prevent breakage during storage, handling, and transportation; and (iii)(A) A small quantity handler of universal waste who removes mercury-containing ampules from thermostats or mercury-containing equipment must determine whether the following exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100: (I) Mercury or clean-up residues resulting from spills or leaks; and/or (II) Other solid waste generated as a result of the removal of mercury-containing ampules (e.g., remaining thermostat units or mercury-containing equipment). (B) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it must be managed in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the mercury, residues, and/or other waste and must manage it subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (C) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations. (c) Universal waste lamps. A small quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste lamps in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows: (i) A small quantity handler of universal waste must immediately clean up and place in a container any universal waste lamps that show evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the lamps, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions; (ii) A small quantity handler of universal waste must minimize lamp breakage by accumulating lamps in containers or packages that are structurally sound, adequate to prevent breakage, and compatible with the contents of the lamps. The containers and packages must remain closed and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions; (iii) A small quantity handler of universal waste must store lamps accumulated in cardboard or fiber containers indoors, meaning in a structure that prevents the container from being exposed to the elements. (10) Labeling/marking. A small quantity handler of universal waste must label or mark the universal waste to identify the type of universal waste as specified below: (a) Universal waste batteries (i.e., each battery), or a container in which the batteries are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Battery(ies)," or "Waste Battery(ies)," or "Used Battery(ies);" (b) Universal waste thermostats (i.e., each thermostat), or a container in which the thermostats are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Waste Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Used Mercury Thermostat(s)." (c) Mercury-containing equipment, or a container in which the equipment is contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Used Mercury-Containing Equipment." (d) Universal waste lamps (i.e., each lamp), or a container in which the lamps are accumulated, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Lamp(s)," or "Waste Lamp(s)," or "Used Lamp(s)." (11) Accumulation time limits. (a) A small quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for no longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, unless the requirements of (b) of this subsection are met. (b) A small quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, if such activity is solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal. However, the handler bears the burden of proving that such activity is solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal. (c) A small quantity handler of universal waste who accumulates universal waste must be able to demonstrate the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received. The handler may make this demonstration by: (i) Placing the universal waste in a container and marking or labeling the container with the earliest date that any universal waste in the container became a waste or was received; (ii) Marking or labeling each individual item of universal waste (for example, each battery, thermostat, mercury-containing equipment, or lamp) with the date it became a waste or was received; (iii) Maintaining an inventory system on-site that identifies the date each universal waste became a waste or was received; (iv) Maintaining an inventory system on-site that identifies the earliest date that any universal waste in a group of universal waste items or a group of containers of universal waste became a waste or was received; (v) Placing the universal waste in a specific accumulation area and identifying the earliest date that any universal waste in the area became a waste or was received; or (vi) Any other method which clearly demonstrates the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received. (12) Employee training. A small quantity handler of universal waste must inform all employees who handle or have responsibility for managing universal waste. The information must describe proper handling and emergency procedures appropriate to the type(s) of universal waste handled at the facility. (13) Response to releases. (a) A small quantity handler of universal waste must immediately contain all releases of universal wastes and other residues from universal wastes. (b) A small quantity handler of universal waste must determine whether any material resulting from the release is dangerous waste, and if so, must manage the dangerous waste in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the material resulting from the release, and must manage it in compliance with WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (14) Off-site shipments. (a) A small quantity handler of universal waste is prohibited from sending or taking universal waste to a place other than another universal waste handler, a destination facility, or a foreign destination. (b) If a small quantity handler of universal waste self-transports universal waste off-site, the handler becomes a universal waste transporter for those self-transportation activities and must comply with the transporter requirements of subsections (28) through (34) of this section while transporting the universal waste. (c) If a universal waste being offered for off-site transportation meets the definition of hazardous materials under 49 CFR Parts 171 through 180, a small quantity handler of universal waste must package, label, mark and placard the shipment, and prepare the proper shipping papers in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations under 49 CFR Parts 172 through 180. (d) Prior to sending a shipment of universal waste to another universal waste handler, the originating handler must ensure that the receiving handler agrees to receive the shipment. (e) If a small quantity handler of universal waste sends a shipment of universal waste to another handler or to a destination facility and the shipment is rejected by the receiving handler or destination facility, the originating handler must either: (i) Receive the waste back when notified that the shipment has been rejected, or (ii) Agree with the receiving handler on a destination facility to which the shipment will be sent. (f) A small quantity handler of universal waste may reject a shipment containing universal waste, or a portion of a shipment containing universal waste that he has received from another handler. If a handler rejects a shipment or a portion of a shipment, he must contact the originating handler to notify him of the rejection and to discuss reshipment of the load. The handler must: (i) Send the shipment back to the originating handler; or (ii) If agreed to by both the originating and receiving handler, send the shipment to a destination facility. (g) If a small quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment containing dangerous waste that is not a universal waste, the handler must immediately notify the department of the illegal shipment, and provide the name, address, and phone number of the originating shipper. The department will provide instructions for managing the dangerous waste. (h) If a small quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment of nondangerous, nonuniversal waste, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations. (15) Tracking universal waste shipments. A small quantity handler of universal waste is not required to keep records of shipments of universal waste. (16) Exports. A small quantity handler of universal waste who sends universal waste to a foreign destination other than to those OECD countries specified in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) (in which case the handler is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262, subpart H which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230) must: (a) Comply with the requirements applicable to a primary exporter in 40 CFR 262.53, 262.56 (a)(1) through (4), (6), and (b) and 262.57 which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1); (b) Export such universal waste only upon consent of the receiving country and in conformance with the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent as defined in 40 CFR Subpart E of Part 262 which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1); and (c) Provide a copy of the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent for the shipment to the transporter transporting the shipment for export. (17) Applicability -- Large quantity handlers of universal waste. Subsections (17) through (27) of this section apply to large quantity handlers of universal waste (as defined in WAC 173-303-040). (18) Prohibitions. A large quantity handler of universal waste is: (a) Prohibited from disposing of universal waste; and (b) Prohibited from diluting or treating universal waste, except by responding to releases as provided in subsection (24) of this section; or by managing specific wastes as provided in subsection (20) of this section. (19) Notification. (a)(i) Except as provided in (a)(ii) of this subsection, a large quantity handler of universal waste must have sent written notification of universal waste management to the department, and received an EPA Identification Number, before meeting or exceeding the 11,000 pound storage limit and/or before meeting or exceeding the 2,200 pound storage limit for lamps. (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste who has already notified the department of their dangerous waste management activities and has received an EPA Identification Number is not required to renotify under this section. (b) This notification must include: (i) The universal waste handler's name and mailing address; (ii) The name and business telephone number of the person at the universal waste handler's site who should be contacted regarding universal waste management activities; (iii) The address or physical location of the universal waste management activities; (iv) A list of all of the types of universal waste managed by the handler (e.g., batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps); (v) A statement indicating that the handler is accumulating more than 11,000 pounds of universal waste at one time and the types of universal waste (e.g., batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps) the handler is accumulating above this quantity, and/or a statement indicating that the handler is accumulating more than 2,200 pounds of lamps at one time. (For example, if a handler is accumulating 4,000 pounds of batteries, 4,500 pounds of thermostats, 2,000 pounds of mercury-containing equipment and 600 pounds of universal waste lamps, they would notify for having 11,100 pounds of universal waste at one time - likewise, if a handler is accumulating 1,000 pounds of batteries, 4,000 pounds of thermostats, 2,000 pounds of mercury-containing equipment and 2,400 pounds of universal waste lamps, they would also need to notify for exceeding the 2,200 pound limit for universal waste lamps.) (20) Waste management. (a) Universal waste batteries. A large quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste batteries in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows: (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must contain any universal waste battery that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions in a container. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the battery, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste may conduct the following activities as long as the casing of each individual battery cell is not breached and remains intact and closed (except that cells may be opened to remove electrolyte but must be immediately closed after removal): (A) Sorting batteries by type; (B) Mixing battery types in one container; (C) Discharging batteries so as to remove the electric charge; (D) Regenerating used batteries; (E) Disassembling batteries or battery packs into individual batteries or cells; (F) Removing batteries from consumer products; or (G) Removing electrolyte from batteries. (iii) A large quantity handler of universal waste who removes electrolyte from batteries, or who generates other solid waste (e.g., battery pack materials, discarded consumer products) as a result of the activities listed above, must determine whether the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. (A) If the electrolyte and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it must be managed in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the dangerous electrolyte and/or other waste and is subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (B) If the electrolyte or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations. (b) Universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment. A large quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste thermostats and mercury-containing equipment in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows: (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must place in a container any universal waste thermostat or mercury-containing equipment that shows evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the thermostat or mercury-containing equipment, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste may remove mercury-containing ampules from universal waste thermostats or mercury-containing equipment provided the handler: (A) Removes the ampules in a manner designed to prevent breakage of the ampules; (B) Removes ampules only over or in a containment device (e.g., tray or pan sufficient to contain any mercury released from an ampule in case of breakage); (C) Ensures that a mercury clean-up system is readily available to immediately transfer any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules, from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200; (D) Immediately transfers any mercury resulting from spills or leaks from broken ampules from the containment device to a container that meets the requirements of WAC 173-303-200; (E) Ensures that the area in which ampules are removed is well ventilated and monitored to ensure compliance with applicable OSHA exposure levels for mercury; (F) Ensures that employees removing ampules are thoroughly familiar with proper waste mercury handling and emergency procedures, including transfer of mercury from containment devices to appropriate containers; (G) Stores removed ampules in closed, nonleaking containers that are in good condition; (H) Packs removed ampules in the container with packing materials adequate to prevent breakage during storage, handling, and transportation; and (iii)(A) A large quantity handler of universal waste who removes mercury-containing ampules from thermostats or mercury-containing equipment must determine whether the following exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100: (I) Mercury or clean-up residues resulting from spills or leaks; and/or (II) Other solid waste generated as a result of the removal of mercury-containing ampules (e.g., remaining thermostat units or equipment). (B) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste exhibit a characteristic or criteria of dangerous waste, it must be managed in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the mercury, residues, and/or other waste and is subject to WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (C) If the mercury, residues, and/or other solid waste is not dangerous, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations. (c) Universal waste lamps. A large quantity handler of universal waste must manage universal waste lamps in a way that prevents releases of any universal waste or component of a universal waste to the environment, as follows: (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must immediately clean up and place in a container any universal waste lamps that show evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions. The container must be closed, structurally sound, compatible with the contents of the lamps, and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions; (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste must minimize lamp breakage by accumulating lamps in containers or packages that are structurally sound, adequate to prevent breakage, and compatible with the contents of the lamps. The containers and packages must remain closed and must lack evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions; (iii) A large quantity handler of universal waste must store lamps accumulated in cardboard or fiber containers indoors, meaning in a structure that prevents a container from being exposed to the elements. (21) Labeling/marking. A large quantity handler of universal waste must label or mark the universal waste to identify the type of universal waste as specified below: (a) Universal waste batteries (i.e., each battery), or a container or tank in which the batteries are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with the any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Battery(ies)," or "Waste Battery(ies)," or "Used Battery(ies);" (b) Universal waste thermostats (i.e., each thermostat), or a container or tank in which the thermostats are contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste-Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Waste Mercury Thermostat(s)," or "Used Mercury Thermostat(s)." (c) Mercury-containing equipment, or a container in which the equipment is contained, must be labeled or marked clearly with any of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Waste Mercury-Containing Equipment," or "Used Mercury-Containing Equipment." (d) Universal waste lamp (i.e., each lamp), or a container in which the lamps are accumulated, must be labeled or marked clearly with any one of the following phrases: "Universal Waste Lamp(s)," or "Waste Lamp(s)," or "Used Lamp(s)." (22) Accumulation time limits. (a) A large quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for no longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, unless the requirements of (b) of this subsection are met. (b) A large quantity handler of universal waste may accumulate universal waste for longer than one year from the date the universal waste is generated, or received from another handler, if such activity is solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal. However, the handler bears the burden of proving that such activity was solely for the purpose of accumulation of such quantities of universal waste as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal. (c) A large quantity handler of universal waste must be able to demonstrate the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received. The handler may make this demonstration by: (i) Placing the universal waste in a container and marking or labeling the container with the earliest date that any universal waste in the container became a waste or was received; (ii) Marking or labeling the individual item of universal waste (for example, each battery, thermostat, mercury-containing equipment, or lamp) with the date it became a waste or was received; (iii) Maintaining an inventory system on site that identifies the date the universal waste being accumulated became a waste or was received; (iv) Maintaining an inventory system on site that identifies the earliest date that any universal waste in a group of universal waste items or a group of containers of universal waste became a waste or was received; (v) Placing the universal waste in a specific accumulation area and identifying the earliest date that any universal waste in the area became a waste or was received; or (vi) Any other method which clearly demonstrates the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulated from the date it becomes a waste or is received. (23) Employee training. A large quantity handler of universal waste must ensure that all employees are thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures, relative to their responsibilities during normal facility operations and emergencies. (24) Response to releases. (a) A large quantity handler of universal waste must immediately contain all releases of universal wastes and other residues from universal wastes. (b) A large quantity handler of universal waste must determine whether any material resulting from the release is dangerous waste, and if so, must manage the dangerous waste in compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. The handler is considered the generator of the material resulting from the release, and is subject to WAC 173-303-145 and 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (25) Off-site shipments. (a) A large quantity handler of universal waste is prohibited from sending or taking universal waste to a place other than another universal waste handler, a destination facility, or a foreign destination. (b) If a large quantity handler of universal waste self-transports universal waste off site, the handler becomes a universal waste transporter for those self-transportation activities and must comply with the transporter requirements of subsections (28) through (34) of this section while transporting the universal waste. (c) If a universal waste being offered for off-site transportation meets the definition of hazardous materials under 49 CFR 171 through 180, a large quantity handler of universal waste must package, label, mark and placard the shipment, and prepare the proper shipping papers in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations under 49 CFR Parts 172 through 180; (d) Prior to sending a shipment of universal waste to another universal waste handler, the originating handler must ensure that the receiving handler agrees to receive the shipment. (e) If a large quantity handler of universal waste sends a shipment of universal waste to another handler or to a destination facility and the shipment is rejected by the receiving handler or destination facility, the originating handler must either: (i) Receive the waste back when notified that the shipment has been rejected; or (ii) Agree with the receiving handler on a destination facility to which the shipment will be sent. (f) A large quantity handler of universal waste may reject a shipment containing universal waste, or a portion of a shipment containing universal waste that he has received from another handler. If a handler rejects a shipment or a portion of a shipment, he must contact the originating handler to notify him of the rejection and to discuss reshipment of the load. The handler must: (i) Send the shipment back to the originating handler; or (ii) If agreed to by both the originating and receiving handler, send the shipment to a destination facility. (g) If a large quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment containing dangerous waste that is not a universal waste, the handler must immediately notify the department of the illegal shipment, and provide the name, address, and phone number of the originating shipper. The department will provide instructions for managing the dangerous waste. (h) If a large quantity handler of universal waste receives a shipment of nondangerous, nonuniversal waste, the handler may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal, state or local solid waste regulations. (26) Tracking universal waste shipments. (a) Receipt of shipments. A large quantity handler of universal waste must keep a record of each shipment of universal waste received at the facility. The record may take the form of a log, invoice, manifest, bill of lading, or other shipping document. The record for each shipment of universal waste received must include the following information: (i) The name and address of the originating universal waste handler or foreign shipper from whom the universal waste was sent; (ii) The quantity of each type of universal waste received (for example, batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps); (iii) The date of receipt of the shipment of universal waste. (b) Shipments off site. A large quantity handler of universal waste must keep a record of each shipment of universal waste sent from the handler to other facilities. The record may take the form of a log, invoice, manifest, bill of lading or other shipping document. The record for each shipment of universal waste sent must include the following information: (i) The name and address of the universal waste handler, destination facility, or foreign destination to whom the universal waste was sent; (ii) The quantity of each type of universal waste sent (for example, batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps); (iii) The date the shipment of universal waste left the facility. (c) Record retention. (i) A large quantity handler of universal waste must retain the records described in (a) of this subsection for at least three years from the date of receipt of a shipment of universal waste. (ii) A large quantity handler of universal waste must retain the records described in (b) of this subsection for at least three years from the date a shipment of universal waste left the facility. (27) Exports. A large quantity handler of universal waste who sends universal waste to a foreign destination other than to those OECD countries specified in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) (in which case the handler is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262, subpart H which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230) must: (a) Comply with the requirements applicable to a primary exporter in 40 CFR 262.53, 262.56 (a)(1) through (4), (6), and (b) and 262.57 which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1); (b) Export such universal waste only upon consent of the receiving country and in conformance with the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent as defined in 40 CFR 262 Subpart E which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1); and (c) Provide a copy of the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent for the shipment to the transporter transporting the shipment for export. (28) Applicability -- Universal waste transporters. Subsections (28) through (34) of this section apply to universal waste transporters (as defined in WAC 173-303-040). (29) Prohibitions. A universal waste transporter is: (a) Prohibited from disposing of universal waste; and (b) Prohibited from diluting or treating universal waste, except by responding to releases as provided in subsection (32) of this section. (30) Waste management. (a) A universal waste transporter must comply with all applicable U.S. Department of Transportation regulations in 49 CFR Part 171 through 180 for transport of any universal waste that meets the definition of hazardous material in 49 CFR 171.8. For purposes of the Department of Transportation regulations, a material is considered a dangerous waste if it is subject to the Hazardous Waste Manifest Requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency specified in WAC 173-303-180. Because universal waste does not require a dangerous waste manifest, it is not considered hazardous waste under the Department of Transportation regulations. (b) Some universal waste materials are regulated by the Department of Transportation as hazardous materials because they meet the criteria for one or more hazard classes specified in 49 CFR 173.2. As universal waste shipments do not require a manifest under WAC 173-303-180, they may not be described by the DOT proper shipping name "hazardous waste, (l) or (s), n.o.s.," nor may the hazardous material's proper shipping name be modified by adding the word "waste." (31) Storage time limits. (a) A universal waste transporter may only store the universal waste at a universal waste transfer facility for ten days or less. (b) If a universal waste transporter stores universal waste for more than ten days, the transporter becomes a universal waste handler and must comply with the applicable requirements for small or large quantity handlers (subsections (6) through (27) of this section) while storing the universal waste. (32) Response to releases. (a) A universal waste transporter must immediately contain all releases of universal wastes and other residues from universal wastes. (b) A universal waste transporter must determine whether any material resulting from the release is dangerous waste, and if so, it is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter. If the waste is determined to be a dangerous waste, the transporter is subject to WAC 173-303-145 and 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (33) Off-site shipments. (a) A universal waste transporter is prohibited from transporting the universal waste to a place other than a universal waste handler, a destination facility, or a foreign destination. (b) If the universal waste being shipped off site meets the Department of Transportation's definition of hazardous materials under 49 CFR 171.8, the shipment must be properly described on a shipping paper in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations under 49 CFR Part 172. (34) Exports. A universal waste transporter transporting a shipment of universal waste to a foreign destination other than to those OECD countries specified in 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1) (in which case the handler is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262, subpart H which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230) may not accept a shipment if the transporter knows the shipment does not conform to the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent. In addition the transporter must ensure that: (a) A copy of the EPA Acknowledgment of Consent accompanies the shipment; and (b) The shipment is delivered to the facility designated by the person initiating the shipment. (35) Applicability -- Destination facilities. Subsections (35) through (37) of this section apply to destination facilities. (a) The owner or operator of a destination facility (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) is subject to all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-140 and 173-303-141, 173-303-280 through 173-303-525, 173-303-600 through 173-303-695, 173-303-800 through 173-303-840, and the notification requirement at WAC 173-303-060: (b) The owner or operator of a destination facility that recycles a particular universal waste without storing that universal waste before it is recycled must comply with WAC 173-303-120 (4)(c). (36) Off-site shipments. (a) The owner or operator of a destination facility is prohibited from sending or taking universal waste to a place other than a universal waste handler, another destination facility or foreign destination. (b) The owner or operator of a destination facility may reject a shipment containing universal waste, or a portion of a shipment containing universal waste. If the owner or operator of the destination facility rejects a shipment or a portion of a shipment, he must contact the shipper to notify him of the rejection and to discuss reshipment of the load. The owner or operator of the destination facility must: (i) Send the shipment back to the original shipper; or (ii) If agreed to by both the shipper and the owner or operator of the destination facility, send the shipment to another destination facility. (c) If the owner or operator of a destination facility receives a shipment containing dangerous waste that is not a universal waste, the owner or operator of the destination facility must immediately notify the department of the illegal shipment, and provide the name, address, and phone number of the shipper. The department will provide instructions for managing the dangerous waste. (d) If the owner or operator of a destination facility receives a shipment of nondangerous, nonuniversal waste, the owner or operator may manage the waste in any way that is in compliance with applicable federal or state solid waste regulations. (37) Tracking universal waste shipments. (a) The owner or operator of a destination facility must keep a record of each shipment of universal waste received at the facility. The record may take the form of a log, invoice, manifest, bill of lading, or other shipping document. The record for each shipment of universal waste received must include the following information: (i) The name and address of the universal waste handler, destination facility, or foreign shipper from whom the universal waste was sent; (ii) The quantity of each type of universal waste received (for example, batteries, thermostats, mercury-containing equipment, or lamps); (iii) The date of receipt of the shipment of universal waste. (b) The owner or operator of a destination facility must retain the records described in (a) of this subsection for at least three years from the date of receipt of a shipment of universal waste. (38) Imports. Persons managing universal waste that is imported from a foreign country into the United States are subject to the applicable requirements of this section, immediately after the waste enters the United States, as indicated in (a) through (c) of this subsection: (a) A universal waste transporter is subject to the universal waste transporter requirements of subsections (28) through (34) of this section. (b) A universal waste handler is subject to the small or large quantity handler of universal waste requirements of subsections (6) through (27) of this section, as applicable. (c) An owner or operator of a destination facility is subject to the destination facility requirements of subsections (35) through (37) of this section. (d) Persons managing universal waste that is imported from an OECD country as specified at 40 CFR 262.58 (a)(1), which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1), are subject to (a) through (c) of this subsection, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 262 subpart H, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-230(1). (39) General -- Petitions. Subsections (39) and (40) of this section address petitions to include other wastes under this section. (a) Any person seeking to add a dangerous waste or a category of dangerous waste to this section may petition for a regulatory amendment under subsections (39) and (40) of this section and WAC 173-303-910 (1) and (7). (b) To be successful, the petitioner must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that regulation under the universal waste regulations of this section is: Appropriate for the waste or category of waste; will improve management practices for the waste or category of waste; and will improve implementation of the dangerous waste program. The petition must include the information required by WAC 173-303-910 (1)(b). The petition should also address as many of the factors listed in subsection (40) of this section as are appropriate for the waste or waste category addressed in the petition. (c) The department will evaluate petitions using the factors listed in subsection (40) of this section. The department will grant or deny a petition using the factors listed in subsection (40) of this section. The decision will be based on the weight of evidence showing that regulation under this section is appropriate for the waste or category of waste, will improve management practices for the waste or category of waste, and will improve implementation of the dangerous waste program. (40) Factors for petitions to include other wastes under this section. (a) The waste or category of waste, as generated by a wide variety of generators, is listed in WAC 173-303-081 or 173-303-082, or (if not listed) a proportion of the waste stream exhibits one or more characteristics or criteria of dangerous waste identified in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. (When a characteristic waste is added to the universal waste regulations of this section by using a generic name to identify the waste category (e.g., batteries), the definition of universal waste in WAC 173-303-040 will be amended to include only the dangerous waste portion of the waste category (e.g., dangerous waste batteries).) Thus, only the portion of the waste stream that does exhibit one or more characteristics or criteria (i.e., is dangerous waste) is subject to the universal waste regulations of this section; (b) The waste or category of waste is not exclusive to a specific industry or group of industries, is commonly generated by a wide variety of types of establishments (including, for example, households, retail and commercial businesses, office complexes, conditionally exempt small quantity generators, small businesses, government organizations, as well as large industrial facilities); (c) The waste or category of waste is generated by a large number of generators (e.g., more than 1,000 nationally) and is frequently generated in relatively small quantities by each generator; (d) Systems to be used for collecting the waste or category of waste (including packaging, marking, and labeling practices) would ensure close stewardship of the waste; (e) The risk posed by the waste or category of waste during accumulation and transport is relatively low compared to other dangerous wastes, and specific management standards proposed or referenced by the petitioner (e.g., waste management requirements appropriate to be added to subsections (9), (20), and (30) of this section; and/or applicable Department of Transportation requirements) would be protective of human health and the environment during accumulation and transport; (f) Regulation of the waste or category of waste under this section will increase the likelihood that the waste will be diverted from nondangerous waste management systems (e.g., the municipal waste stream, nondangerous industrial or commercial waste stream, municipal sewer or stormwater systems) to recycling, treatment, or disposal in compliance with the Hazardous Waste Management Act chapter 70.105 RCW, this chapter, and RCRA Subtitle C. (g) Regulation of the waste or category of waste under this section will improve implementation of and compliance with the dangerous waste regulatory program; and/or (h) Such other factors as may be appropriate. (41) Applicability -- Household and conditionally exempt small quantity generator waste. (a) Persons managing the wastes listed below may, at their option, manage them under the requirements of this section: (i) Household wastes that are exempt under WAC 173-303-071 (3)(c) and are also of the same type as the universal wastes defined at WAC 173-303-040; and/or (ii) Small quantity generator wastes that are conditionally exempt under WAC 173-303-070(8) and are also of the same type as the universal wastes defined at WAC 173-303-040. (b) Persons who commingle the wastes described in (a)(i) and (ii) of this subsection together with universal waste regulated under this section must manage the commingled waste under the requirements of this section. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-573, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-573, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-573, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-575 Reserved. [Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-575, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-575, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-578 Military munitions. (1) Applicability. (a) The rules in this section identify when military munitions become a solid waste, and, if these wastes are also dangerous under this section or WAC 173-303-016 through173-303-100 , the management standards that apply to these wastes. (b) Unless otherwise specified in this section, all applicable requirements in this chapter apply to waste military munitions. (2) Definition of solid waste. (a) A military munition is not a solid waste when: (i) Used for its intended purpose, including: (A) Use in training military personnel or explosives and munitions emergency response specialists (including training in proper destruction of unused propellant or other munitions); or (B) Use in research, development, testing, and evaluation of military munitions, weapons, or weapon systems; or (C) Recovery, collection, and on-range destruction of unexploded ordnance and munitions fragments during range clearance activities at active or inactive ranges. However, "use for intended purpose" does not include the on-range disposal or burial of unexploded ordnance and contaminants when the burial is not a result of product use. (ii) An unused munition, or component thereof, is being repaired, reused, recycled, reclaimed, disassembled, reconfigured, or otherwise subjected to materials recovery activities, unless such activities involve use constituting disposal as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(a), or burning for energy recovery as defined in WAC 173-303-016 (5)(b). (b) An unused military munition is a solid waste when any of the following occurs: (i) The munition is abandoned by being disposed of, burned, detonated (except during intended use as specified in (a) of this subsection), incinerated, or treated prior to disposal; or (ii) The munition is removed from storage in a military magazine or other storage area for the purpose of being disposed of, burned, or incinerated, or treated prior to disposal; or (iii) The munition is deteriorated or damaged (for example, the integrity of the munition is compromised by cracks, leaks, or other damage) to the point that it cannot be put into serviceable condition, and cannot reasonably be recycled or used for other purposes; or (iv) The munition has been declared a solid waste by an authorized military official. (c) A used or fired military munition is a solid waste: (i) When transported off range or from the site of use, where the site of use is not a range, for the purposes of storage, reclamation, treatment, disposal, or treatment prior to disposal; or (ii) If recovered, collected, and then disposed of by burial, or landfilling either on or off a range. (d) A used or fired military munition is a solid waste, and, therefore, is potentially subject to corrective action under WAC 173-303-646 or imminent and substantial endangerment authorities under WAC 173-303-960, if the munition lands off-range and is not promptly rendered safe and/or retrieved. Any imminent and substantial threats associated with any remaining material must be addressed. If remedial action is infeasible, the operator of the range must maintain a record of the event for as long as any threat remains. The record must include the type of munition and its location (to the extent the location is known). (e) Military munitions at closed or transferred ranges. Munitions discharged during military activities are discarded material (and therefore solid waste) for purposes of WAC 173-303-646 under the following circumstance: The munition is left in place at the firing range at the time the range is closed or when the range is transferred from military control, whichever occurs first. (3) Standards applicable to emergency responses. Explosives and munitions emergencies involving military munitions or explosives are subject to WAC 173-303-170(5), 173-303-240(10), 173-303-400 (2)(c)(xiii), 173-303-600 (3)(p), and 173-303-800 (7)(c), or alternatively to WAC 173-303-804. (4) Standards applicable to the storage of solid waste military munitions. (a) Criteria for dangerous waste regulation of waste non-chemical military munitions in storage. (i) Waste military munitions in storage that exhibit a dangerous waste characteristic, criteria, or are listed as dangerous waste under WAC 173-303-070 are listed or identified as a dangerous waste (and thus are subject to regulation under this chapter), unless all the following conditions are met: (A) The waste military munitions are not chemical agents or chemical munitions. (B) The waste military munitions must be subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB). (C) The waste military munitions must be stored in accordance with the DDESB storage standards applicable to waste military munitions. (D) Within ninety days of August 12, 1997, or within ninety days of when a storage unit is first used to store waste military munitions, whichever is later, the owner or operator must notify the department of the location of any waste storage unit used to store waste military munitions for which the conditional exemption in (a)(i) of this subsection is claimed. (E) The owner or operator must provide oral notice to the department within twenty-four hours from the time the owner or operator becomes aware of any loss or theft of the waste military munitions, or any failure to meet a condition of (a)(i) of this subsection that may endanger health or the environment. In addition, a written submission describing the circumstances must be provided within five days from the time the owner or operator becomes aware of any loss or theft of the waste military munitions or any failure to meet a condition of (a)(i) of this subsection. (F) The owner or operator must inventory the waste military munitions at least annually, must inspect the waste military munitions at least quarterly for compliance with the conditions of (a)(i) of this subsection, and must maintain records of the findings of these inventories and inspections for at least three years. (G) Access to the stored waste military munitions must be limited to appropriately trained and authorized personnel. (ii) The conditional exemption in (a)(i) of this subsection from regulation as dangerous waste applies only to the storage of nonchemical waste military munitions. It does not affect the regulatory status of waste military munitions as dangerous wastes with regard to transportation, treatment or disposal. (iii) The conditional exemption in (a)(i) of this subsection applies only so long as all of the conditions in (a)(i) of this subsection are met. (b) Notice of termination of waste storage. The owner or operator must notify the department when a storage unit identified in (a)(i)(D) of this subsection will no longer be used to store waste military munitions. (c) Reinstatement of conditional exemption. If any waste military munition loses its conditional exemption under (a)(i) of this subsection, an application may be filed with the department for reinstatement of the conditional exemption from dangerous waste storage regulation with respect to such munition as soon as the munition is returned to compliance with the conditions of (a)(i) of this subsection. If the department finds that reinstatement of the conditional exemption is appropriate based on factors such as the owner's or operator's provision of a satisfactory explanation of the circumstances of the violation, or a demonstration that the violations are not likely to recur, the department may reinstate the conditional exemption under (a)(i) of this subsection. If the director does not take action on the reinstatement application within sixty days after receipt of the application, then reinstatement will be deemed granted, retroactive to the date of the application. However, the department may terminate a conditional exemption reinstated by default in the preceding sentence if it finds that reinstatement is inappropriate based on factors such as the owner's or operator's failure to provide a satisfactory explanation of the circumstances of the violation, or failure to demonstrate that the violations are not likely to recur. In reinstating the conditional exemption under (a)(i) of this subsection, the department may specify additional conditions as are necessary to ensure and document proper storage to protect human health and the environment. (d) Waste chemical munitions. (i) Waste military munitions that are chemical agents or chemical munitions and that exhibit a hazardous waste characteristic or are listed as hazardous waste under WAC 173-303-070, are listed or identified as a hazardous waste and are subject to the applicable regulatory requirements of RCRA subtitle C and the Hazardous Waste Management Act. (ii) Waste military munitions that are chemical agents or chemical munitions and that exhibit a hazardous waste characteristic or are listed as hazardous waste under WAC 173-303-070, are not subject to the storage prohibition in RCRA section 3004(j), codified at 40 CFR 268.50 (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a)). (e) Amendments to DDESB storage standards. The DDESB storage standards applicable to waste military munitions, referenced in subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section, are DOD 6055.9-STD ("DOD Ammunition and Explosive Safety Standards"), in effect on November 8, 1995, except as provided in the following sentence. Any amendments to the DDESB storage standards will become effective for purposes of subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section on the date the Department of Defense publishes notice in the Federal Register that the DDESB standards referenced in subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section have been amended. (5) Standards applicable to the treatment and disposal of waste military munitions. The treatment and disposal of dangerous waste military munitions are subject to the applicable permitting, procedural, and technical standards of this chapter. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-578, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-578, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-600 Final facility standards. Purpose, scope, and applicability. (1) The purpose of WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695, is to establish minimum statewide standards which describe the acceptable management of dangerous waste. In addition to WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695, the final facility standards include WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395. (2) The final facility standards apply to owners and operators of all facilities which treat, store or dispose of dangerous waste, and which are not exempted by subsection (3) of this section. (3) The final facility standards do not apply to: (a) Persons whose disposal activities are permitted under the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, except that storage, or treatment facilities where dangerous waste is loaded onto an ocean vessel for incineration or disposal at sea are subject to final facility standards; (b) Persons whose disposal activities are permitted under the underground injection control program of the Safe Drinking Water Act, except that storage, or treatment facilities needed to handle dangerous wastes are subject to final facility standards; (c) The owner or operator of a POTW which treats, stores, or disposes of dangerous waste provided he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(4); (d) A generator accumulating waste on site in compliance with WAC 173-303-200; (e) The owner or operator of a facility which is permitted to manage solid waste pursuant to chapter 173-350 WAC, if the only dangerous waste the facility manages is excluded from regulation under this chapter by WAC 173-303-070(8); (f) A farmer disposing of waste pesticides from his own use provided he complies with WAC 173-303-160 (2)(b); (g) A transporter storing a manifested shipment of dangerous waste for ten days or less in accordance with WAC 173-303-240(6); (h) Any person, other than an owner or operator who is already subject to the final facility standards, who is carrying out an immediate or emergency response to contain or treat a discharge or potential discharge of a dangerous waste or hazardous substance; (i) The owner or operator of a facility which is in compliance with the interim status requirements of WAC 173-303-400 and 173-303-805, until final administrative disposition of his final facility permit; (j) The owner or operator of a totally enclosed treatment facility or elementary neutralization or wastewater treatment unit as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that he has a permit by rule pursuant to the requirements of WAC 173-303-802(5); (k) The addition, by a generator, of absorbent material to waste in a container, or of waste to absorbent material in a container, provided that these actions occur at the time the waste is first placed in containers or, in the case of repackaging of previously containerized waste into new containers, at the time the waste is first placed into the new containers and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b); (l) The compaction or sorting of miscellaneous waste forms such as cans, rags, and bottles in a container, so long as the activity is solely for the purpose of reducing waste void space, and so long as these activities are conducted in a manner that protects human health and prevents any release to the environment and the generator complies with WAC 173-303-200 (1)(b) and 173-303-395 (1)(a) and (b); (m) Generators treating dangerous waste on-site in tanks, containers, or containment buildings that are used for accumulation of such wastes provided the generator complies with the WAC 173-303-170(3); (n) The owner or operator of an elementary neutralization unit or a wastewater treatment unit as defined in WAC 173-303-040, provided that if the owner or operator is diluting hazardous ignitable (D001) wastes (other than the D001 High TOC Subcategory defined in 40 CFR section 268.40, Table Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes), or reactive (D003) waste, to remove the characteristic before land disposal, the owner/operator must comply with the requirements set out in WAC 173-303-395 (1)(a); (o) Universal waste handlers and universal waste transporters (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) handling the wastes listed below. These handlers are subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-573, when handling the below listed universal wastes. (i) Batteries as described in WAC 173-303-573(2); (ii) Thermostats as described in WAC 173-303-573(3); (iii) Mercury-containing equipment as described in WAC 173-303-573(4); and (iv) Lamps as described in WAC 173-303-573(5); (p)(i) Except as provided in (p)(ii) of this subsection, a person engaged in treatment or containment activities during immediate response to any of the following situations: (A) A discharge of a dangerous waste; (B) An imminent and substantial threat of a discharge of dangerous waste; (C) A discharge of a material that, when discharged, becomes a dangerous waste; (D) An immediate threat to human health, public safety, property, or the environment, from the known or suspected presence of military munitions, other explosive material, or an explosive device, as determined by an explosive or munitions emergency response specialist as defined in WAC 173-303-040. (ii) An owner or operator of a facility otherwise regulated by WAC 173-303-600 must comply with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-340 and 173-303-350. (iii) Any person who is covered by (p)(i) of this subsection and who continues or initiates dangerous waste treatment or containment activities after the immediate response is over is subject to all applicable requirements of this chapter for those activities. (iv) In the case of an explosives or munitions emergency response, if a federal, state, tribal or local official acting within the scope of his or her official responsibilities, or an explosives or munitions emergency response specialist, determines that immediate removal of the material or waste is necessary to protect human health or the environment, that official or specialist may authorize the removal of the material or waste by transporters who do not have EPA/state identification numbers and without the preparation of a manifest. In the case of emergencies involving military munitions, the responding military emergency response specialist's organizational unit must retain records for three years identifying the dates of the response, the responsible persons responding, the type and description of material addressed, and its disposition; (q) WAC 173-303-578 identifies when the requirements of WAC 173-303-600 apply to the storage of military munitions classified as solid waste under WAC 173-303-578(2). The treatment and disposal of dangerous waste military munitions are subject to the applicable permitting, procedural, and technical standards in this chapter. (4) Reserve. (5) The owner or operator of a facility which recycles dangerous waste may, for such recycled wastes only, comply with the applicable recycling standards specified in WAC 173-303-120 and 173-303-500 through 173-303-525 in lieu of the final facility standards. (6) The owner or operator must comply with the special land disposal restrictions for certain dangerous wastes in WAC 173-303-140. (7) The final facility requirements apply to owners or operators of all facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous wastes referred to in 40 CFR Part 268, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140(2). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-600, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-600, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-600, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-600, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-600, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-600, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-600, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-600, filed 3/11/88; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-600, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-600, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-600, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-600, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-610 Closure and post-closure. (1) Applicability. (a) Subsections (2) through (6) of this section, (which concern closure), apply to the owners and operators of all dangerous waste facilities. (b) Subsections (7) through (11) of this section, (which concern post-closure care), apply to the owners and operators of all regulated units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) at which dangerous waste will remain after closure, to tank systems that are required under WAC 173-303-640(8) to meet the requirements of landfills, to surface impoundments, waste piles, and miscellaneous units as specified in WAC 173-303-650(6), 173-303-660(9), and 173-303-680(4), respectively; to containment buildings that are required under 40 CFR 264.1102 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-695) to meet the requirements for landfills; and, unless otherwise authorized by the department, to the owners and operators of all facilities which, at closure, cannot meet the removal or decontamination limits specified in subsection (2)(b) of this section. (c) Owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities subject to WAC 173-303-120 (3) or (4), and off-site used oil processors subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-515(9) are subject to: (i) WAC 173-303-610(2) Closure performance standard; and (ii) WAC 173-303-610(12) Off-site recycling and used oil processor closure plans. (d) For the purposes of the closure and post-closure requirements, any portion of a facility which closes is subject to the applicable closure and post-closure standards even if the rest of the facility does not close and continues to operate. (e) Except for subsection (2)(a) of this section, the director may, in an enforceable document, replace all or part of the requirements of this section and the unit-specific requirements referenced in subsection (2)(b) of this section with alternative requirements when he or she determines: (i) A dangerous waste unit is situated among other solid waste management units or areas of concern, a release has occurred, and both the dangerous waste unit and one or more of the solid waste management units or areas of concern are likely to have contributed to the release; and (ii) It is not necessary to apply the requirements of this section (or the unit-specific requirements referenced in subsection (2)(b) of this section) because the alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment. (2) Closure performance standard. The owner or operator must close the facility in a manner that: (a)(i) Minimizes the need for further maintenance; (ii) Controls, minimizes or eliminates to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, post-closure escape of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, or dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, surface water, ground water, or the atmosphere; and (iii) Returns the land to the appearance and use of surrounding land areas to the degree possible given the nature of the previous dangerous waste activity. (b) Where the closure requirements of this section, or of WAC 173-303-630(10), 173-303-640(8), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), 173-303-670(8), 173-303-680 (2) through (4), or 40 CFR 264.1102 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-695) call for the removal or decontamination of dangerous wastes, waste residues, or equipment, bases, liners, soils or other materials containing or contaminated with dangerous wastes or waste residue, then such removal or decontamination must assure that the levels of dangerous waste or dangerous waste constituents or residues do not exceed: (i) For soils, ground water, surface water, and air, the numeric cleanup levels calculated using unrestricted use exposure assumptions according to the Model Toxics Control Act Regulations, chapter 173-340 WAC as of the effective date or hereafter amended. Primarily, these will be numeric cleanup levels calculated according to MTCA Method B, although MTCA Method A may be used as appropriate, see WAC 173-340-700 through 173-340-760, excluding WAC 173-340-745; and (ii) For all structures, equipment, bases, liners, etc., clean closure standards will be set by the department on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the closure performance standards of WAC 173-303-610 (2)(a)(ii) and in a manner that minimizes or eliminates post-closure escape of dangerous waste constituents. (3) Closure plan; amendment of plan. (a) The owner or operator of a dangerous waste management facility must have a written closure plan. In addition, certain surface impoundments and waste piles from which the owner or operator intends to remove or decontaminate the dangerous waste at partial or final closure are required by WAC 173-303-650(6) and 173-303-660(9) to have contingent closure plans. The plan must be submitted with the permit application, in accordance with WAC 173-303-806(4), and approved by the department as part of the permit issuance procedures under WAC 173-303-840. The approved closure plan will become a condition of any permit. The department's decision must assure that the approved closure plan is consistent with subsections (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) of this section, and the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-630(10), 173-303-640(8), 173-303-645, 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), 173-303-670(8), 173-303-680(2), and 40 CFR 264.1102 (incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-695). A copy of the approved plan and all revisions to the plan must be furnished to the department upon request, including request by mail until final closure is completed and certified in accordance with subsection (6) of this section. The plan must identify steps necessary to perform partial and/or final closure of the facility at any point during its active life. The closure plan must include at least: (i) A description of how each dangerous waste management unit at the facility will be closed in accordance with subsection (2) of this section; (ii) A description of how final closure of the facility will be conducted in accordance with subsection (2) of this section. The description must identify the maximum extent of the operation which will be unclosed during the active life of the facility; (iii) An estimate of the maximum inventory of dangerous wastes ever on-site over the active life of the facility. (Any change in this estimate is a Class 1 modification with prior approval under WAC 173-303-830(4)); (iv) A detailed description of the methods to be used during partial closures and final closure, including, but not limited to, methods for removing, transporting, treating, storing, or disposing of all dangerous wastes, and identification of the type(s) of the off-site dangerous waste management units to be used, if applicable; (v) A detailed description of the steps needed to remove or decontaminate all dangerous waste residues and contaminated containment system components, equipment, structures, and soils during partial and final closure, including, but not limited to, procedures for cleaning equipment and removing contaminated soils, methods for sampling and testing surrounding soils, and criteria for determining the extent of decontamination required to satisfy the closure performance standard; (vi) A detailed description of other activities necessary during the closure period to ensure that all partial closures and final closure satisfy the closure performance standards, including, but not limited to, ground water monitoring, leachate collection, and run-on and runoff control; (vii) A schedule for closure of each dangerous waste management unit and for final closure of the facility. The schedule must include, at a minimum, the total time required to close each dangerous waste management unit and the time required for intervening closure activities which will allow tracking of the progress of partial and final closure. (For example, in the case of a landfill unit, estimates of the time required to treat or dispose of all dangerous waste inventory and of the time required to place a final cover must be included.); and (viii) For facilities that use trust funds to establish financial assurance under WAC 173-303-620 (4) or (6) and that are expected to close prior to the expiration of the permit, an estimate of the expected year of final closure. (ix) For facilities where the director has applied alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e), or 173-303-620 (8)(d), the closure plan must include either the alternative requirements or a reference to the enforceable document that contains the alternative requirements. (b) The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in operating plans, facility design, or the approved closure plan in accordance with the applicable procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The written notification or request must include a copy of the amended closure plan for review or approval by the department. (i) The owner or operator may submit a written notification or request to the department for a permit modification to amend the closure plan at any time prior to the notification of partial or final closure of the facility. (ii) The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in the approved closure plan whenever: (A) Changes in operating plans or facility design affect the closure plan; or (B) There is a change in the expected year of closure, if applicable; or (C) In conducting partial or final closure activities, unexpected events require a modification of the approved closure plan; or (D) The owner/operator requests the director apply alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e), or 173-303-620 (8)(d). (iii) The owner or operator must submit a written request for a permit modification including a copy of the amended closure plan for approval at least sixty days prior to the proposed change in facility design or operation, or no later than sixty days after an unexpected event has occurred which has affected the closure plan. If an unexpected event occurs during the partial or final closure period, the owner or operator must request a permit modification no later than thirty days after the unexpected event. An owner or operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile that intends to remove all dangerous waste at closure and is not otherwise required to prepare a contingent closure plan under WAC 173-303-650(6) or 173-303-660(9), must submit an amended closure plan to the department no later than sixty days from the date that the owner or operator or department determines that the dangerous waste management unit must be closed as a landfill, subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-665, or no later than thirty days from that date if the determination is made during partial or final closure. The department will approve, disapprove, or modify this amended plan in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The approved closure plan will become a condition of any permit issued. (iv) The department may request modifications to the plan under the conditions described in (b)(ii) of this subsection. The owner or operator must submit the modified plan within sixty days of the department's request, or within thirty days if the change in facility conditions occurs during partial or final closure. Any modifications requested by the department will be approved in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. (c) Notification of partial closure and final closure. (i) The owner or operator must notify the department in writing at least sixty days prior to the date on which they expect to begin closure of a surface impoundment, waste pile, land treatment, or landfill unit, or final closure of a facility with such a unit. The owner or operator must notify the department in writing at least forty-five days prior to the date on which they expect to begin closure of a treatment or storage tank, container storage, or incinerator unit, or final closure of a facility with only such units. (ii) The date when he "expects to begin closure" must be either: (A) No later than thirty days after the date on which any dangerous waste management unit receives the known final volume of dangerous wastes or, if there is a reasonable possibility that the dangerous waste management unit will receive additional dangerous wastes, no later than one year after the date on which the unit received the most recent volume of dangerous waste. If the owner or operator of a dangerous waste management unit can demonstrate to the department that the dangerous waste management unit or facility has the capacity to receive additional dangerous wastes and he has taken, and will continue to take, all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, the department may approve an extension to this one-year limit; or (B) For units meeting the requirements of subsection (4)(d) of this section, no later than thirty days after the date on which the dangerous waste management unit receives the known final volume of nondangerous wastes, or if there is a reasonable possibility that the dangerous waste management unit will receive additional nondangerous wastes, no later than one year after the date on which the unit received the most recent volume of nondangerous wastes. If the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department that the dangerous waste management unit has the capacity to receive additional nondangerous wastes and he has taken, and will continue to take, all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, the department may approve an extension to this one-year limit. (iii) If the facility's permit is terminated, or if the facility is otherwise ordered, by judicial decree or final order to cease receiving dangerous wastes or to close, then the requirements of (c) of this subsection do not apply. However, the owner or operator must close the facility in accordance with the deadlines established in subsection (4) of this section. (iv) Removal of wastes and decontamination or dismantling of equipment. Nothing in this subsection will preclude the owner or operator from removing dangerous wastes and decontaminating or dismantling equipment in accordance with the approved partial or final closure plan at any time before or after notification of partial or final closure. (4) Closure; time allowed for closure. (a) Within ninety days after receiving the final volume of dangerous wastes, or the final volume of nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements in (d) and (e) of this subsection, at a dangerous waste management unit or facility, the owner or operator must treat, remove from the unit or facility, or dispose of on site, all dangerous wastes in accordance with the approved closure plan. The department may approve a longer period if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements for requesting a modification to the permit and demonstrates that he has taken and will continue to take all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, and either: (i) The activities required to comply with this paragraph will, of necessity, take longer than ninety days to complete; or (ii)(A) The dangerous waste management unit or facility has the capacity to receive additional dangerous wastes, or has the capacity to receive nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with (d) and (e) of this subsection; (B) There is a reasonable likelihood that he or another person will recommence operation of the dangerous waste management unit or the facility within one year; and (C) Closure of the dangerous waste management unit or facility would be incompatible with continued operation of the site. (b) The owner or operator must complete partial and final closure activities in accordance with the approved closure plan and within one hundred eighty days after receiving the final volume of dangerous wastes, or the final volume of nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements in (d) and (e) of this subsection, at the dangerous waste management unit or facility. The department may approve an extension to the closure period if the owner or operator complies with all applicable requirements for requesting a modification to the permit and demonstrates that he has taken and will continue to take all steps to prevent threats to human health and the environment from the unclosed but not operating dangerous waste management unit or facility, including compliance with all applicable permit requirements, and either: (i) The partial or final closure activities will, of necessity, take longer than one hundred eighty days to complete; or (ii)(A) The dangerous waste management unit or facility has the capacity to receive additional dangerous wastes, or has the capacity to receive nondangerous wastes if the owner or operator complies with (d) and (e) of this subsection; (B) There is reasonable likelihood that he or another person will recommence operation of the dangerous waste management unit or the facility within one year; and (C) Closure of the dangerous waste management unit or facility would be incompatible with continued operation of the site. (c) The demonstrations referred to in (a)(i) and (b)(i) of this subsection must be made as follows: The demonstrations in (a)(i) of this subsection must be made at least thirty days prior to the expiration of the specified ninety-day period; and the demonstration in (b)(i) of this subsection must be made at least thirty days prior to the expiration of the specified one hundred eighty-day period unless the owner or operator is otherwise subject to the deadlines in (d) of this subsection. (d) The department may allow an owner or operator to receive only nondangerous wastes in a landfill, land treatment, or surface impoundment unit after the final receipt of dangerous wastes at that unit if: (i) The owner or operator requests a permit modification in compliance with all applicable requirements in WAC 173-303-830 and 40 CFR Part 124 and in the permit modification request demonstrates that: (A) The unit has the existing design capacity as indicated on the part A application to receive nondangerous wastes; and (B) There is a reasonable likelihood that the owner or operator or another person will receive nondangerous wastes in the unit within one year after the final receipt of dangerous wastes; and (C) The nondangerous wastes will not be incompatible with any remaining wastes in the unit, or with the facility design and operating requirements of the unit or facility under this part; and (D) Closure of the dangerous waste management unit would be incompatible with continued operation of the unit or facility; and (E) The owner or operator is operating and will continue to operate in compliance with all applicable permit requirements; and (ii) The request to modify the permit includes an amended wastes analysis plan, ground water monitoring and response program, human exposure assessment required under RCRA section 3019, and closure and post-closure plan, and updated cost estimates and demonstrations of financial assurance for closure and post-closure care as necessary and appropriate, to reflect any changes due to the presence of dangerous constituents in the nondangerous wastes, and changes in closure activities, including the expected year of closure if applicable under subsection (3)(a)(viii) of this section, as a result of the receipt of nondangerous wastes following the final receipt of dangerous wastes; and (iii) The request to modify the permit includes revisions, as necessary and appropriate, to affected conditions of the permit to account for the receipt of nondangerous wastes following receipt of the final volume of dangerous wastes; and (iv) The request to modify the permit and the demonstration referred to in (d)(i) and (ii) of this subsection are submitted to the department no later than one hundred twenty days prior to the date on which the owner or operator of the facility receives the known final volume of dangerous wastes at the unit, or no later than ninety days after the effective date of this rule in the state in which the unit is located, whichever is later. (e) In addition to the requirements in (d) of this subsection, an owner or operator of a dangerous wastes surface impoundment that is not in compliance with the liner and leachate collection system requirements in 42 U.S.C. 3004 (o)(1) and 3005 (j)(1) or 42 U.S.C. 3004 (o)(2) or (3) or 3005 (j)(2), (3), (4) or (13) must: (i) Submit with the request to modify the permit: (A) A contingent corrective measures plan, unless a corrective action plan has already been submitted under WAC 173-303-645(10); and (B) A plan for removing dangerous wastes in compliance with (e)(ii) of this subsection; and (ii) Remove all dangerous wastes from the unit by removing all dangerous liquids, and removing all dangerous sludges to the extent practicable without impairing the integrity of the liner(s), if any. (iii) Removal of dangerous wastes must be completed no later than ninety days after the final receipt of dangerous wastes. The department may approve an extension to this deadline if the owner or operator demonstrates that the removal of dangerous wastes will, of necessity, take longer than the allotted period to complete and that an extension will not pose a threat to human health and the environment. (iv) If a release that is a statistically significant increase (or decrease in the case of pH) over background values for detection monitoring parameters of constituents specified in the permit or that exceeds the facility's ground water protection standard at the point of compliance, if applicable, is detected in accordance with the requirements in WAC 173-303-645, the owner or operator of the unit: (A) Must implement corrective measures in accordance with the approved contingent corrective measures plan required by (e)(i) of this subsection no later than one year after detection of the release, or approval of the contingent corrective measures plan, whichever is later; (B) May continue to receive wastes at the unit following detection of the release only if the approved corrective measures plan includes a demonstration that continued receipt of wastes will not impede corrective action; and (C) May be required by the department to implement corrective measures in less than one year or to cease the receipt of wastes until corrective measures have been implemented if necessary to protect human health and the environment. (v) During the period of corrective action, the owner or operator must provide semiannual reports to the department that describe the progress of the corrective action program, compile all ground water monitoring data, and evaluate the effect of the continued receipt of nondangerous wastes on the effectiveness of the corrective action. (vi) The department may require the owner or operator to commence closure of the unit if the owner or operator fails to implement corrective action measures in accordance with the approved contingent corrective measures plan within one year as required in (e)(iv) of this subsection, or fails to make substantial progress in implementing corrective action and achieving the facility's ground water protection standard or background levels if the facility has not yet established a ground water protection standard. (vii) If the owner or operator fails to implement corrective measures as required in (e)(iv) of this subsection or if the department determines that substantial progress has not been made pursuant to (e)(vi) of this subsection the department will: (A) Notify the owner or operator in writing that the owner or operator must begin closure in accordance with the deadline in (a) and (b) of this subsection and provide a detailed statement of reasons for this determination; and (B) Provide the owner or operator and the public, through a newspaper notice, the opportunity to submit written comments on the decision no later than twenty days after the date of the notice. (C) If the department receives no written comments, the decision will become final five days after the close of the comment period. The department will notify the owner or operator that the decision is final, and that a revised closure plan, if necessary, must be submitted within fifteen days of the final notice and that closure must begin in accordance with the deadlines in (a) and (b) of this subsection. (D) If the department receives written comments on the decision, it will make a final decision within thirty days after the end of the comment period, and provide the owner or operator in writing and the public through a newspaper notice, a detailed statement of reasons for the final decision. If the department determines that substantial progress has not been made, closure must be initiated in accordance with the deadlines in (a) and (b) of this subsection. (E) The final determinations made by the department under (e)(vii)(C) and (D) of this subsection are not subject to administrative appeal. (5) Disposal or decontamination of equipment, structures and soils. During the partial and final closure periods, all contaminated equipment, structures and soils must be properly disposed of or decontaminated unless otherwise specified in WAC 173-303-640(8), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), or under the authority of WAC 173-303-680 (2) and (4). By removing any dangerous wastes or dangerous constituents during partial and final closure, the owner or operator may become a generator of dangerous waste and must handle that waste in accordance with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-230. (6) Certification of closure. Within sixty days of completion of closure of each dangerous waste management unit (including tank systems and container storage areas), and within sixty days of the completion of final closure, the owner or operator must submit to the department by registered mail, a certification that the dangerous waste management unit or facility, as applicable, has been closed in accordance with the specifications in the approved closure plan. The certification must be signed by the owner or operator and by an independent registered professional engineer. Documentation supporting the independent registered professional engineer's certification must be furnished to the department upon request until it releases the owner or operator from the financial assurance requirements for closure under WAC 173-303-620(4). (7) Post-closure care and use of property. (a) Post-closure care for each dangerous waste management unit subject to post-closure requirements must begin after completion of closure of the unit and continue for thirty years after that date and must consist of at least the following: (i) Ground water monitoring and reporting as required by WAC 173-303-645, 173-303-650, 173-303-655, 173-303-660, 173-303-665, and 173-303-680; and (ii) Maintenance and monitoring of waste containment systems as applicable. (b) Any time preceding partial closure of a dangerous waste management unit subject to post-closure care requirements or final closure, or any time during the post-closure period for a particular unit, the department may, in accordance with the permit modification procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840: (i) Shorten the post-closure care period applicable to the dangerous waste management unit, or facility, if all disposal units have been closed, if it finds that the reduced period is sufficient to protect human health and the environment (e.g., leachate or ground water monitoring results, characteristics of the dangerous waste, application of advanced technology, or alternative disposal, treatment, or reuse techniques indicate that the dangerous waste management unit or facility is secure); or (ii) Extend the post-closure care period applicable to the dangerous waste management unit or facility if it finds that the extended period is necessary to protect human health and the environment (e.g., leachate or ground water monitoring results indicate a potential for migration of dangerous waste at levels which may be harmful to human health and the environment). (c) The department may require, at partial or final closure, continuation of any of the security requirements of WAC 173-303-310 during part or all of the post-closure period when: (i) Dangerous wastes may remain exposed after completion of partial or final closure; or (ii) Access by the public or domestic livestock may pose a hazard to human health. (d) Post-closure use of property on or in which dangerous wastes remain after partial or final closure must never be allowed to disturb the integrity of the final cover, liner(s), or any other components of any containment system, or the function of the facility's monitoring systems, unless the department finds that the disturbance: (i) Is necessary to the proposed use of the property, and will not increase the potential hazard to human health or the environment; or (ii) Is necessary to reduce a threat to human health or the environment. (e) All post-closure care activities must be in accordance with the provisions of the approved post-closure plan as specified in subsection (8) of this section. (8) Post-closure plan; amendment of plan. (a) The owner or operator of a dangerous waste disposal unit must have a written post-closure plan. In addition, certain surface impoundments and certain piles from which the owner or operator intends to remove or decontaminate the dangerous wastes at partial or final closure are required by WAC 173-303-650 and 173-303-660, respectively, to have written contingent post-closure plans. Owners or operators of surface impoundments and waste piles not otherwise required to prepare contingent post-closure plans under WAC 173-303-650 or 173-303-660 must submit a post-closure plan to the department within ninety days from the date that the owner or operator or department determines that the dangerous waste management unit must be closed as a landfill, subject to the post-closure requirements. The plan must be submitted with the permit application, in accordance with WAC 173-303-806, and approved by the department as part of the permit issuance procedures under WAC 173-303-840. The approved post-closure plan will become a condition of any permit issued. (b) For each dangerous waste management unit subject to the requirements of this subsection, the post-closure plan must identify the activities which will be carried on after closure and the frequency of these activities, and include at least: (i) A description of the planned ground water monitoring activities and frequencies at which they will be performed; (ii) A description of the planned maintenance activities, and frequencies at which they will be performed to comply with WAC 173-303-645, 173-303-650, 173-303-655, 173-303-660, 173-303-665, and 173-303-680 during the post-closure care period, to ensure: (A) The integrity of the cap and final cover or other containment structures in accordance with the requirements of 173-303-645, 173-303-650, 173-303-655, 173-303-660, 173-303-665, and 173-303-680; and (B) The function of the facility monitoring equipment; (iii) The name, address, and phone number of the person or office to contact about the dangerous waste disposal unit or facility during the post-closure care period; (iv) And, for facilities where the director has applied alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e) or 173-303-620 (8)(d), the post-closure plan must include either the alternative requirements or a reference to the enforceable document that contains the alternative requirements. (c) Until final closure of the facility, a copy of the approved post-closure plan must be furnished to the department upon request, including request by mail. After final closure has been certified, the person or office specified in (b)(iii) of this subsection must keep the approved post-closure plan during the remainder of the post-closure period. (d) Amendment of plan. The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in the approved post-closure plan in accordance with the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The written notification or request must include a copy of the amended post-closure plan for review or approval by the department. (i) The owner or operator may submit a written notification or request to the department for a permit modification to amend the post-closure plan at any time during the active life of the facility or during the post-closure care period. (ii) The owner or operator must submit a written notification of or request for a permit modification to authorize a change in the approved post-closure plan whenever: (A) Changes in operating plans or facility design affect the approved post-closure plan; or (B) There is a change in the expected year of final closure, if applicable; or (C) Events which occur during the active life of the facility, including partial and final closures, affect the approved post-closure plan; or (D) The owner/operator requests the director to apply alternative requirements under subsection (1)(d) of this section, WAC 173-303-645 (1)(e), or 173-303-620 (8)(d). (iii) The owner or operator must submit a written request for a permit modification at least sixty days prior to the proposed change in facility design or operation, or no later than sixty days after an unexpected event has occurred which has affected the post-closure plan. An owner or operator of a surface impoundment or waste pile that intends to remove all dangerous waste at closure and is not otherwise required to submit a contingent post-closure plan under WAC 173-303-650 or 173-303-660 must submit a post-closure plan to the department no later than ninety days after the date that the owner or operator or department determines that the dangerous waste management unit must be closed as a landfill, subject to the requirements of WAC 173-303-665. The department will approve, disapprove, or modify this plan in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The approved post-closure plan will become a permit condition. (iv) The department may request modifications to the plan under the conditions described in (d)(ii) of this subsection. The owner or operator must submit the modified plan no later than sixty days after the department's request, or no later than ninety days if the unit is a surface impoundment or waste pile not previously required to prepare a contingent post-closure plan. Any modifications requested by the department will be approved, disapproved, or modified in accordance with the procedures in WAC 173-303-800 through173-303-840 . (9) Notice to local land authority. No later than the submission of the certification of closure of each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator of a disposal facility must submit to the local zoning authority or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use and to the department a survey plat indicating the location and dimensions of landfill cells or other dangerous waste disposal units with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks. This plat must be prepared and certified by a professional land surveyor. The plat filed with the local zoning authority or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use must contain a note, prominently displayed, which states the owner's or operator's obligation to restrict disturbance of the dangerous waste disposal unit in accordance with the applicable requirements of this section. In addition, no later than sixty days after certification of closure of each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must submit to the local zoning authority or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use and to the department, a record of the type, location, and quantity of dangerous wastes disposed of within each cell or other disposal unit of the facility. For wastes disposed of before November 19, 1980 (March 12, 1982, for facilities subject to this chapter but not subject to 40 CFR Part 264), the owner or operator must identify the type, location, and quantity of the dangerous wastes to the best of his knowledge and in accordance with any records he has kept. (10) Notice in deed to property. (a) No later than sixty days after certification of closure of each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must submit to the local zoning authority, or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use, and to the department a record of the type, location, and quantity of dangerous wastes disposed of within each cell or other disposal unit of the facility. For hazardous wastes (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) disposed of before January 12, 1981, the owner or operator must identify the type, location, and quantity of the dangerous wastes to the best of his knowledge and in accordance with any records he has kept. (b) Within sixty days of certification of closure of the first dangerous waste disposal unit and within sixty days of certification of closure of the last dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must: (i) Record, in accordance with state law, a notation on the deed to the facility property, or on some other instrument which is normally examined during title search, that will in perpetuity notify any potential purchaser of the property that: (A) The land has been used to manage dangerous wastes; (B) Its use is restricted under this section; and (C) The survey plat and record of the type, location, and quantity of dangerous wastes disposed of within each cell or other dangerous waste disposal unit of the facility required in subsection (9) of this section have been filed with the local zoning authority, or the authority with jurisdiction over local land use, and with the department; and (ii) Submit a certification, signed by the owner or operator, that he has recorded the notation specified in (b)(i) of this subsection, including a copy of the document in which the notation has been placed, to the department. (c) If the owner or operator or any subsequent owner of the land upon which a dangerous waste facility was located wishes to remove dangerous wastes and dangerous waste residues, the liner, if any, or contaminated soils, he must request a modification to the post-closure permit in accordance with the applicable requirements in WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. The owner or operator must demonstrate that the removal of dangerous wastes will satisfy the criteria of subsection (7)(d) of this section. By removing dangerous waste, the owner or operator may become a generator of dangerous waste and must manage it in accordance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. If he is granted a permit modification or otherwise granted approval to conduct such removal activities, the owner or operator may request that the department approve either: (i) The removal of the notation on the deed to the facility property or other instrument normally examined during title search; or (ii) The addition of a notation to the deed or instrument indicating the removal of the dangerous waste. (11) Certification of completion of post-closure care. No later than sixty days after completion of the established post-closure care period for each dangerous waste disposal unit, the owner or operator must submit to the department, by registered mail, a certification that the post-closure care period for the dangerous waste disposal unit was performed in accordance with the specifications in the approved post-closure plan. The certification must be signed by the owner or operator and an independent registered professional engineer. Documentation supporting the independent registered professional engineer's certification must be furnished to the department upon request until he releases the owner or operator from the financial assurance requirements for post-closure care under WAC 173-303-620(6). (12) Off-site recycling and used oil processor closure plans. The owner or operator of an off-site recycling facility subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-120 (3), (4), or used oil processor or rerefiner subject to WAC 173-303-515(9) must have a written closure plan. (a) Submittal. For new facilities, the closure plan must be submitted with the notification required under WAC 173-303-060. For existing facilities, the closure plan must be submitted within one hundred eighty days of the effective date of this regulation. For closure plans denied under (b) of this subsection that will be resubmitted, the amended plan must be resubmitted within ninety days after the owner or operator receives the denial. (b) Review by department. Decision to approve or deny. Closure plans must be submitted to department for review, comment, approval or denial. The department decision to approve a closure plan must assure it is consistent with requirements in subsections (2) and (12) of this section. The department decision to deny a closure plan must be justified on the inability or unwillingness of the owner and operator to meet requirements in subsections (2) and (12) of this section or WAC 173-303-620 (1)(e). The department's decision may be appealed under the provisions of WAC 173-303-845. (c) Availability. A copy of the approved closure plan and all updates to the plan must be maintained at the facility and furnished to the department upon request, including request by mail, until final closure is completed and certified in accordance with subsection (6) of this section. (d) Contents of plan. The closure plan must identify steps necessary to perform final closure of recycling units at any point during its active life. The closure plan must include at least: (i) An estimate of the maximum inventory of dangerous wastes or used oil ever on-site over the active life of the facility; (ii) Descriptions, schedules, and disposal or decontamination procedures in subsections (3), (4), (5), (6) of this section, except any provisions dealing with permits, permit applications, modifications or approvals. The term "recycling unit" will replace the terms "dangerous waste management unit" or "regulated unit" in these subsections. Any references to permits or permit modifications in these subsections do not apply. (e) Obligation to amend. At least sixty days prior to a major change at an off-site recycling or used oil processor/rerefining facility, the owners/operator of that facility must submit an amended closure plan. A major change may include the addition of a recycling or recovery process that is subject to WAC 173-303-120 (3) or (4), any increase in the maximum inventory of dangerous waste or used oil described in the previously approved closure plan, the closure of an existing resource reclamation unit, or a change in ownership or operational control. The department must approve or deny, with justification, the revised closure plan. Refer to (a) of this subsection when a closure plan is denied if the closure plan needs to be resubmitted. Alternatively, the owner or operator may challenge the denial pursuant to WAC 173-303-845. (f) Notification of closure. At least forty-five days prior to closure, an owner/operator must provide written notice to department of intent to close. (g) Relationship to closure plans for permitted facilities. A facility owner/operator that is subject to permitting and closure planning requirements for storage, treatment or disposal that is also required to prepare a closure plan for off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining, may satisfy the requirements of this subsection by combining all closure requirements in a single closure plan. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-610, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-610, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-610, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-610, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-610, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-610, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-610, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-610, filed 6/26/87; 84-14-031 (Order DE 84-22), § 173-303-610, filed 6/27/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-610, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-620 Financial requirements. (1) Applicability. (a) The requirements of subsections (3), (4), (7), (8), (9), and (10) of this section, apply to owners and operators of all dangerous waste facilities, except as provided otherwise in this section. (b) The requirements of subsections (5) and (6) of this section apply to owners and operators of: (i) Dangerous waste disposal facilities; (ii) Tank systems that are required under WAC 173-303-640(8) to meet the requirements of landfills; (iii) Miscellaneous units as specified in WAC 173-303-680(4); (iv) Waste piles and surface impoundments to the extent that WAC 173-303-650 and 173-303-660, respectively, require that such facilities comply with this section; and (v) Containment buildings that are required under WAC 173-303-695 to meet the requirements for landfills. (c) States and the federal government are exempt from the requirements of this section. Operators of state or federally owned facilities are exempt from the requirements of this section, except subsections (3) and (5) of this section. Operators of facilities who are under contract with (but not owned by) the state or federal government must meet all of the requirements of this section. (d) The director may, in an enforceable document, replace all or part of the requirements of this section with alternative requirements for financial assurance when he or she: (i) Applies alternative requirements for ground water monitoring, closure or post-closure under WAC 173-303-610 (1)(d) or 173-303-645 (1)(e); and (ii) Determines that it is not necessary to apply the requirements of this section because the alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment. (e) Except as provided in (c) of this subsection, the requirements of subsections (3), (4), (8), (9) and (10) of this section, apply to owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities and processors/rerefiners of used oil, except the term "recycling unit" will replace the terms "dangerous waste management unit" or "regulated unit." (i) If the closure plan for an off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility has not been approved by the department within one year of submittal to the department, the department may determine the closure cost estimate and direct the facility to establish financial assurance in that amount. Note that the schedule for partially funded trust funds for existing facilities of WAC 173-303-620 (4)(c)(i) may apply. (ii) Relationship to closure cost estimates and financial responsibility for permitted facilities. A facility owner/operator that is subject to closure cost estimating and financial responsibility requirements for dangerous waste management units and resource reclamation unit may choose to consolidate those requirements into a single mechanism for submittal to the department. (2) Definitions. As used in this section, the following listed or referenced terms have the meanings given below: (a) "Closure plan" means the plan for closure prepared in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-610(3), or for off-site recycling or used oil processing facilities prepared in accordance with WAC 173-303-610(12); (b) "Current closure cost estimate" means the most recent of the estimates prepared in accordance with subsection (3) of this section; (c) "Current post-closure cost estimate" means the most recent of the estimates prepared in accordance with subsection (5) of this section; (d) "Parent corporation" means a corporation which directly owns at least fifty percent of the voting stock of the corporation which is the facility owner or operator; the latter corporation is deemed a "subsidiary" of the parent corporation; (e) "Post-closure plan" means the plan for post-closure care prepared in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-610 (7), (8), (9), and (10); (f) "Regional administrator" means the department; (g) "Hazardous waste" means dangerous waste; and (h) The additional terms listed and defined in 40 CFR 264.141 (f), (g), and (h) are incorporated by reference. (3) Cost estimate for facility closure. (a) The owner or operator must have a detailed written estimate, in current dollars, of the cost of closing the facility in accordance with the requirements in WAC 173-303-610 (2) through (6), and applicable closure requirements in WAC 173-303-630(10), 173-303-640(5), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), 173-303-670(8), 173-303-680 (2) through (4) and 173-303-695. The closure cost estimate: (i) Must equal the cost of closure at the point in the facility's operating life when the extent and manner of its operation would make closure the most expensive, as indicated by its closure plan (see WAC 173-303-610 (3)(a)); (ii) Must be based on the costs to the owner or operator of hiring a third party to close the facility. A third party is a party who is neither a parent nor a subsidiary of the owner or operator. (See definition of parent corporation in subsection (2)(d) of this section.) The owner or operator may use costs for on-site disposal if he can demonstrate that on-site disposal capacity will exist at all times over the life of the facility; (iii) May not incorporate any salvage value that may be realized with the sale of dangerous wastes, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC 173-303-610 (4)(d), facility structures or equipment, land, or other assets associated with the facility at the time of partial or final closure; Except that, off-site recyclers subject to WAC 173-303-120 (3) or (4), or off-site used oil processors subject to WAC 173-303-515(9) may exclude the estimated value for certain types of recyclable materials from the estimated cost of closing a recycling unit. This exclusion may include dangerous wastes or used oil held in tanks or containers that are dedicated solely to the management of recyclable materials that will require only incidental processing prior to producing a product that may be sold to the general public. Incidental processing may include simple screening or filtering to remove minor amounts of foreign material or removal of less than five percent water by volume; and (iv) May not incorporate a zero cost for dangerous wastes, or nondangerous wastes if applicable under WAC 173-303-610 (4)(d), that might have economic value. (b) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must revise the closure cost estimate no later than thirty days after the department has approved the request to modify the closure plan, if the change in the closure plan increases the cost of closure. The revised closure cost estimate must be adjusted for inflation as specified in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection. (c) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must adjust the closure cost estimate for inflation within sixty days prior to the anniversary date of the establishment of the financial instrument(s) used to comply with this section. For owners and operators using the financial test or corporate guarantee, the closure cost estimate must be updated for inflation within thirty days after the close of the firm's fiscal year and before submission of updated information to the department as specified in subsection (4) of this section. The adjustment may be made by recalculating the maximum costs of closure in current dollars, or by using an inflation factor derived from the most recent Implicit Price Deflator for Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product as published by the United States Department of Commerce in its survey of current business. The inflation factor is the result of dividing the latest published annual deflator by the deflator for the previous year. (i) The first adjustment is made by multiplying the closure cost estimate by the inflation factor. The result is the adjusted closure cost estimate. (ii) Subsequent adjustments are made by multiplying the latest adjusted closure cost estimate by the latest inflation factor. (d) During the operating life of the facility, the owner or operator must keep at the facility the latest closure cost estimate prepared in accordance with (a) and (b) of this subsection, and, when this estimate has been adjusted in accordance with (c) of this subsection, the latest adjusted closure cost estimate. (4) Financial assurance for facility closure. (a) An owner or operator of a TSD, or off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility must establish financial assurance for closure of the facility. The owner or operator must choose from the following options or combination of options: (i) Closure trust fund; (ii) Surety bond guaranteeing payment into a closure trust fund; (iii) Surety bond guaranteeing performance of closure; (iv) Closure letter of credit; (v) Closure insurance; or (vi) Financial test and corporate guarantee for closure. (b) In satisfying the requirements of financial assurance for facility closure in this subsection, the owner or operator must meet all the requirements for the mechanisms listed above as set forth in 40 CFR 264.143 which are incorporated by reference. If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state. (c) 40 CFR 264.143 is modified by the following requirements: (i) Partially funded trust funds of 264.143 (a)(3) may not be accepted as a mechanism for a closure trust fund for TSDs. Owners and operators of existing recycling units that become subject to this section may establish a partially funded closure trust fund with a pay-in period of five years. The fund must be fully funded no later than five years (and the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth payments due no later than one, two, three, four, and five year(s) respectively) after the date of the department's approval of the closure plan under WAC 173-303-610 (12)(b); (ii) Insurance companies providing closure coverage must have a current rating of financial strength of: (A) AAA, AA, AA, AA-, A, A as rated by Standard and Poor's; (B) Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2 as rated by Moody's; or (C) A, A, A, A-, B, B as rated by A.M. Best; (iii) Ecology must be named as secondary beneficiary on an insurance policy; (iv) Facility owners/operators requesting the use of the financial test and corporate guarantee must meet a minimum tangible net worth criterion of twenty million dollars. (d) Owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities regulated under WAC 173-303-120 (3) or (4), or used oil processing/rerefining facilities regulated under WAC 173-303-515(9), must demonstrate financial assurance for closure of the facility or recycling units. In addition to the requirements of 40 CFR 264.143, as amended by this subsection, the financial assurance must meet the following requirements: (i) For existing facilities choosing a surety bond guaranteeing payment, surety bond guaranteeing performance, letter of credit, insurance, financial test or corporate guarantee, the mechanism must be established within thirty-six months of the effective date of this section; (ii) Owners and operators of existing facilities choosing a partially funded trust fund mechanism must establish a fully funded trust fund within sixty months of approval of the closure plan by the department (see (c)(i) of this subsection); (iii) For new facilities, financial assurance must be established and submitted to the department at least sixty days prior to the acceptance of the first shipment of wastes. (e) Owners and operators of off-site recycling facilities regulated under WAC 173-303-120 (3) or (4), or used oil processing/rerefining facilities regulated under WAC 173-303-515(9) may request an alternative mechanism for financing the closure of recycling units that is determined by the department to be equivalent to one of the methods listed in (a) of this subsection. This may include any alternative mechanism as may be established through action by the Washington state legislature. (5) Cost estimate for post-closure monitoring and maintenance. (a) The owner or operator of a facility subject to post-closure monitoring or maintenance requirements must have a detailed written estimate, in current dollars, of the annual cost of post-closure monitoring and maintenance of the facility in accordance with the applicable post-closure regulations in WAC 173-303-610 (7) through (10), 173-303-650(6), 173-303-655(8), 173-303-660(9), 173-303-665(6), and 173-303-680(4). The post-closure cost estimate must be based on the costs to the owner or operator of hiring a third party to conduct post-closure care activities. A third party is a party who is neither a parent nor a subsidiary of the owner or operator. (See definition of parent corporation in subsection (2)(d) of this section.) The post-closure cost estimate is calculated by multiplying the annual post-closure cost estimate by the number of years of post-closure care required by WAC 173-303-610. (b) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must revise the post-closure cost estimate within thirty days after the department has approved the request to modify the post-closure plan, if the change in the post-closure plan increases the cost of post-closure care. The revised post-closure cost estimate must be adjusted for inflation as specified in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection. (c) During the active life of the facility, the owner or operator must adjust the post-closure cost estimate for inflation within sixty days prior to the anniversary date of the establishment of the financial instrument(s) used to comply with subsection (6) of this section. For owners or operators using the financial test or corporate guarantee, the postclosure cost estimate must be updated for inflation within thirty days after the close of the firm's fiscal year and before the submission of updated information to the department as specified in subsection (6) of this section. The adjustment may be made by recalculating the post-closure cost estimate in current dollars or by using an inflation factor derived from the most recent Implicit Price Deflator for Gross National Product or Gross Domestic Product as published by the United States Department of Commerce in its Survey of Current Business. The inflation factor is the result of dividing the latest published annual deflator by the deflator for the previous year. (i) The first adjustment is made by multiplying the post-closure cost estimate by the inflation factor. The result is the adjusted post-closure cost estimate. (ii) Subsequent adjustments are made by multiplying the latest adjusted post-closure cost estimate by the latest inflation factor. (d) During the operating life of the facility, the owner or operator must keep at the facility the latest postclosure cost estimate prepared in accordance with (a) and (b) of this subsection, and, when this estimate has been adjusted in accordance with (c) of this subsection, the latest adjusted post-closure cost estimate. (6) Financial assurance for post-closure monitoring and maintenance. (a) An owner or operator of a facility subject to post-closure monitoring or maintenance requirements must establish financial assurance for post-closure care in accordance with the approved post-closure care plan. He must choose from the following options or combination of options: (i) Post-closure trust fund, except that the use of partially funded trust funds, as provided in 40 CFR 264.145(a), will not be allowed by the department; (ii) Surety bond guaranteeing payment into a post-closure trust fund; (iii) Surety bond guaranteeing performance of post-closure care; (iv) Post-closure letter of credit; (v) Post-closure insurance; however, financial or insurance institutions providing such insurance must have a current rating of financial strength of: (A) AAA, AA, AA, AA-, A, A as rated by Standard and Poor's; (B) Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2 as rated by Moody's; or (C) A, A, A, A-, B, B as rated by A.M. Best; or (vi) Financial test and corporate guarantee for post-closure care, except that the criterion for minimum tangible net worth in 40 CFR 264.145(f) must be in an amount of at least twenty million dollars. (b) In satisfying the requirements of financial assurance for facility post-closure care in this subsection, the owner or operator must meet all the requirements set forth in 40 CFR 264.145 which are incorporated by reference. If the facilities covered by the mechanism are in more than one state, identical evidence of financial assurance must be submitted to and maintained with the state agency regulating hazardous waste or with the appropriate regional administrator if the facility is located in an unauthorized state. (7) Use of a mechanism for financial assurance of both closure and post-closure care. An owner or operator may satisfy the requirements for financial assurance for both closure and post-closure care for one or more facilities by using a trust fund, surety bond, letter of credit, insurance, financial test, or corporate guarantee that meets the specifications for the mechanism in both 40 CFR 264.143 and 264.145 which are incorporated by reference. The amount of funds available through the mechanism must be no less than the sum of funds that would be available if a separate mechanism had been established and maintained for financial assurance of closure and of postclosure care. (8) Liability requirements. (a) An owner or operator of a TSD facility, off-site recycling or used oil processing/rerefining facility, or a group of such facilities must demonstrate financial responsibility for bodily injury and property damages to third parties caused by sudden accidental occurrences arising from operations of the facility or group of facilities. The owner or operator must meet the requirements of 40 CFR 264.147(a), which is incorporated by reference, with the following additional requirements: (i) Insurance companies providing liability coverage must have a current rating of financial strength of: (A) AAA, AA, AA, AA-, A, A as rated by Standard and Poor's; (B) Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2 as rated by Moody's; or (C) A, A, A, A-, B, B as rated by A.M. Best; (ii) The department may file claims against liability insurance when contamination occurs as a result of releases or discharges of dangerous wastes or used oil from recycling units subject to regulation under this section to waters of the state as defined under chapter 90.48 RCW; (iii) Facility owners/operators requesting the use of the financial test and corporate guarantee must meet a minimum tangible net worth criterion of twenty million dollars. (b) An owner or operator of a facility with a regulated unit or units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) or a disposal miscellaneous unit or units used to manage dangerous waste or a group of such facilities must demonstrate financial responsibility for bodily injury and property damage to third parties caused by nonsudden accidental occurrences arising from operations of the facility or group of facilities. The owner or operator must meet the requirements of 40 CFR 264.147(b), 264.147 (f), (g), (h), (i), and (j) which are incorporated by reference. (c) Request for variance. If an owner or operator can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the levels of financial responsibility required by (a) or (b) of this subsection are not consistent with the degree and duration of risk associated with treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility or group of facilities, the owner or operator may obtain a variance from the department. The request for a variance must be submitted to the department as part of the application under WAC 173-303-806(4) for a facility that does not have a permit, or pursuant to the procedures for permit modification under WAC 173-303-830 for a facility that has a permit. If granted, the variance will take the form of an adjusted level of required liability coverage, such level to be based on the department's assessment of the degree and duration of risk associated with the ownership or operation of the facility or group of facilities. The department may require an owner or operator who requests a variance to provide such technical and engineering information as is deemed necessary by the department to determine a level of financial responsibility other than that required by (a) or (b) of this subsection. Any request for a variance for a permitted facility will be treated as a request for a permit modification under WAC 173-303-830. (d) Adjustments by the department. If the department determines that the levels of financial responsibility required by (a) or (b) of this subsection are not consistent with the degree and duration of risk associated with treatment, storage, or disposal at the facility or group of facilities, the department may adjust the level of financial responsibility required under (a) or (b) of this subsection as may be necessary to protect human health and the environment. This adjusted level will be based on the department's assessment of the degree and duration of risk associated with the ownership or operation of the facility or group of facilities. In addition, if the department determines that there is a significant risk to human health and the environment from nonsudden accidental occurrences resulting from the operations of a facility that has no regulated units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040), it may require that the owner or operator of the facility comply with (b) of this subsection. An owner or operator must furnish to the department within a reasonable time, any information which the department requests to determine whether cause exists for such adjustments of level or type of coverage. Any adjustments of level or type of coverage for a facility that has a permit will be treated as a permit modification under WAC 173-303-830. (e) Period of coverage. An owner or operator must continuously provide liability coverage for a facility as required by this subsection until certifications of closure of the facility, as specified in WAC 173-303-610(6), are received by the department. (f) The following subsections are incorporated by reference: 40 CFR section 264.147(f), Financial test for liability coverage, (g) Guarantee for liability coverage, (h) Letter of credit for liability coverage, (i) Surety bond for liability coverage, and (j) Trust fund for liability coverage. (9) Incapacity of owners or operators, guarantor or financial institutions. (a) An owner or operator must notify the department by certified mail of the commencement of a voluntary or involuntary proceeding under Title 11 (Bankruptcy), United States Code, naming the owner or operator as debtor, within ten days after commencement of the proceeding. A guarantor of a corporate guarantee as specified in 40 CFR 264.143(f) and 264.145(f) must make such a notification if he is named as debtor, as required under the terms of the corporate guarantee (40 CFR 264.151(h)). (b) An owner or operator who fulfills the requirements of 40 CFR 264.143, 264.145, or 264.147 (a) or (b) by obtaining a trust fund, surety bond, letter of credit, or insurance policy will be deemed to be without the required financial assurance or liability coverage in the event of bankruptcy of the trustee or issuing institution, or a suspension or revocation of the authority of the trustee institution to act as trustee or of the institution issuing the surety bond, letter of credit, or insurance policy to issue such instruments. The owner or operator must establish other financial assurance or liability coverage within sixty days after such an event. (10) Wording of the instruments. The financial instruments required by this section must contain the wording specified by 40 CFR 264.151 which is incorporated by reference, except that: (a) The words "regional administrator" and "environmental protection agency" must be replaced with the words Washington state department of ecology; (b) The words "hazardous waste" must be replaced with the words "dangerous waste"; (c) Any other words specified by the department must be changed as necessary to assure financial responsibility of the facility in accordance with the requirements of this section; and (d) Whenever 40 CFR 264.151 requires that owners and operators notify several regional administrators of their financial obligations, the owner or operator must notify both the department and all regional administrators of regions that are affected by the owner or operator's financial assurance mechanisms. Copies of the financial instruments with the appropriate word changes will be available from the department by June 30, 1984. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-620, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-620, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-620, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-620, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-620, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-620, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-620, filed 1/4/89; 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-620, filed 6/26/87; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-620, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-620, filed 2/10/82. Formerly WAC 173-302-340.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-630 Use and management of containers. (1) Applicability. The regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of all dangerous waste facilities that store containers of dangerous waste. (2) Condition of containers. If a container holding dangerous waste is not in good condition (e.g., severe rusting, apparent structural defects) or if it begins to leak, the owner or operator must transfer the dangerous waste from the container to a container that is in good condition or manage the waste in some other way that complies with the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC. In addition, the owner or operator must address leaks and spills in accordance with the applicable provisions of WAC 173-303-145 and 173-303-360. (3) Identification of containers. The owner or operator must label containers in a manner which adequately identifies the major risk(s) associated with the contents of the containers for employees, emergency response personnel and the public (Note -- If there is already a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate). The owner or operator must affix labels upon transfer of dangerous wastes from one container to another. The owner or operator must destroy or otherwise remove labels from the emptied container, unless the container will continue to be used for storing dangerous waste at the facility. The owner or operator must ensure that labels are not obscured, removed, or otherwise unreadable in the course of inspection required under WAC 173-303-320. (4) Compatibility of waste with containers. The owner or operator must use a container made of or lined with materials which will not react with, and are otherwise compatible with, the dangerous waste to be stored, so that the ability of the container to contain the waste is not impaired. (5) Management of containers. (a) A container holding dangerous waste must always be closed, except when it is necessary to add or remove waste. (b) A container holding dangerous waste must not be opened, handled, or stored in a manner which may rupture the container or cause it to leak. (c) A minimum thirty-inch separation is required between aisles of containers holding dangerous waste(s). A row of drums must be no more than two drums wide. (6) Inspections. At least weekly, the owner or operator must inspect areas where containers are stored, looking for leaking containers and for deterioration of containers and the containment system caused by corrosion, deterioration, or other factors. The owner or operator must keep an inspection log including at least the date and time of the inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a notation of the observations made and the date and nature of any repairs or remedial actions taken. The log must be kept at the facility for at least five years from the date of inspection. (7) Containment. (a) Container storage areas must have a containment system that is capable of collecting and holding spills and leaks. In addition to the necessary leak containment capacity, uncovered storage areas must be capable of holding the additional volume that would result from the precipitation of a maximum twenty-five year storm of twenty-four hours duration. The containment system must: (i) Have a base underlying the containers which is free of cracks or gaps and is sufficiently impervious to contain leaks, spills, and accumulated rainfall until the collected material is detected and removed. The base must be sloped or the containment system must be otherwise designed and operated to drain and remove liquids resulting from leaks, spills, or precipitation, unless the containers are elevated or are otherwise protected from contact with accumulated liquids; (ii) Be designed for positive drainage control (such as a locked drainage valve) to prevent release of contaminated liquids and so that uncontaminated precipitation can be drained promptly for convenience of operation. Spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the containment system in as timely a manner as is necessary to prevent overflow; and (iii) Have sufficient capacity to contain ten percent of the volume of all containers or the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. Only containers holding free liquids, or holding wastes designated as F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 need to be considered in this determination. (b) Run-on into the containment system must be prevented, unless the department waives this requirement in the permit after determining that the collection system has sufficient excess capacity in addition to that required in (a)(iii) of this subsection to accommodate any run-on which might enter the system. (c) Storage areas that store containers holding only wastes that do not contain free liquids, do not exhibit either the characteristic of ignitability or reactivity as described in WAC 173-303-090 (5) or (7), and are not designated as F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027, need not have a containment system as described in this subsection: Provided, That: (i) The storage area is sloped or is otherwise designed and operated to drain and remove liquid resulting from precipitation; or (ii) The containers are elevated or are otherwise protected from contact with accumulated liquids. (d) The department may require generators to protect their containers from the elements by means of a building or other protective covering if the department determines that such protection is necessary to prevent a release of waste or waste constituents due to the nature of the waste or design of the container. The building or other protective covering must allow adequate inspection under subsection (6) of this section. (8) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste. (a) Containers holding reactive waste exhibiting a characteristic specified in WAC 173-303-090 (7)(a)(vi), (vii) or (viii) must be stored in a manner equivalent to the International Fire Code's "American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives" Table 3304.5.2(2) or "Table of Separation Distances for Low Explosives" Table 3304.5.2(3), 2003 edition, or the version adopted by the local fire district. (b) The owner or operator must design, operate, and maintain ignitable waste and reactive waste (other than a reactive waste which must meet (a) of this subsection) container storage in a manner equivalent with the International Fire Code. Where no specific standard or requirements are specified in the International Fire Code, or in existing state or local fire codes, applicable sections of the NFPA Pamphlet #30, "Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code," must be used. The owner/operator must also comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-395 (1)(d). (9) Special requirements for incompatible wastes. (a) Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same container, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with. (b) Dangerous waste must not be placed in an unwashed container that previously held an incompatible waste or material. (c) A storage container holding a dangerous waste that is incompatible with any waste or other materials stored nearby in other containers, piles, open tanks, or surface impoundments must be separated from the other materials or protected from them by means of a dike, berm, wall, or other device. Containment systems for incompatible wastes must be separate. (10) Closure. At closure, all dangerous waste and dangerous waste residues must be removed from the containment system. Remaining containers, liners, bases, and soil containing or contaminated with dangerous waste or dangerous waste residues must be decontaminated or removed. (11) Air emission standards. The owner or operator must manage all hazardous waste placed in a container in accordance with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Subparts AA, BB, and CC, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-690 through 173-303-692. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-630, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-630, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-630, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-630, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-630, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-630, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-630, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-630, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-640 Tank systems. (1) Applicability. (a) The regulations in WAC 173-303-640 apply to owners and operators of facilities that use tank systems to treat or store dangerous waste, except as (b), (c), and (d) of this subsection provides otherwise. (b) Tank systems that are used to store or treat dangerous waste which contain no free liquids and are situated inside a building with an impermeable floor are exempted from the requirements in subsection (4) of this section. To demonstrate the absence or presence of free liquids in the stored/treated waste, the test method described in WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a) must be used. (c) Tank systems, including sumps, as defined in WAC 173-303-040, that serve as part of a secondary containment system to collect or contain releases of dangerous wastes are exempted from the requirements in subsection (4)(a) of this section. (d) Tanks, sumps, and other such collection devices or systems used in conjunction with drip pads, as defined in WAC 173-303-040 and regulated under WAC 173-303-675, must meet the requirements of this section. (2) Assessment of existing tank system's integrity. (a) For each existing tank system, the owner or operator must determine that the tank system is not leaking or is unfit for use. Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, the owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility a written assessment reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer, in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a), that attests to the tank system's integrity by January 12, 1988, for underground tanks that do not meet the requirements of subsection (4) of this section and that cannot be entered for inspection, or by January 12, 1990, for all other tank systems. (b) Tank systems that store or treat materials that become dangerous wastes subsequent to January 12, 1989, must conduct this assessment within twelve months after the date that the waste becomes a dangerous waste. (c) This assessment must determine that the tank system is adequately designed and has sufficient structural strength and compatibility with the waste(s) to be stored or treated, to ensure that it will not collapse, rupture, or fail. At a minimum, this assessment must consider the following: (i) Design standard(s), if available, according to which the tank system was constructed; (ii) Dangerous characteristics of the waste(s) that have been and will be handled; (iii) Existing corrosion protection measures; (iv) Documented age of the tank system, if available (otherwise, an estimate of the age); and (v) Results of a leak test, internal inspection, or other tank system integrity examination such that: (A) For nonenterable underground tanks, the assessment must include a leak test that is capable of taking into account the effects of temperature variations, tank end deflection, vapor pockets, and high water table effects; and (B) For other than nonenterable underground tanks and for ancillary equipment, this assessment must include either a leak test, as described above, or other integrity examination, that is certified by an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer, in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a), that addresses cracks, leaks, corrosion, and erosion. Note: Three publications may be used, where applicable, as guidelines in conducting other than a leak test: Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, API Standard 653, Addendum 4 issued in December 1999; Guidance for Assessing and Certifying Tank Systems that Store and Treat Dangerous Waste, Ecology Publication No. 94-114; and Steel Tank Institute publication #SP001-00 Standard for Inspection of In-Service Shop Fabricated Aboveground Tanks for Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids copyright 2000. (d) If, as a result of the assessment conducted in accordance with (a) of this subsection, a tank system is found to be leaking or unfit for use, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section. (e) The owner or operator must develop a schedule for conducting integrity assessments over the life of the tank to ensure that the tank retains its structural integrity and will not collapse, rupture, or fail. The schedule must be based on the results of past integrity assessments, age of the tank system, materials of construction, characteristics of the waste, and any other relevant factors. (3) Design and installation of new tank systems or components. (a) Owners or operators of new tank systems or components must obtain (and for facilities that are pursuing or have obtained a final status permit, submit to the department, at time of submittal of Part B information) a written assessment, reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer, in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a), attesting that the tank system has sufficient structural integrity and is acceptable for the storing and treating of dangerous waste. The assessment must show that the foundation, structural support, seams, connections, and pressure controls (if applicable) are adequately designed and that the tank system has sufficient structural strength, compatibility with the waste(s) to be stored or treated, and corrosion protection to ensure that it will not collapse, rupture, or fail. This assessment (which will be used by the department to review and approve or disapprove the acceptability of the tank system design at facilities which are pursuing or have obtained a final status permit) must include, at a minimum, the following information: (i) Design standard(s) according to which tank system(s) are constructed; (ii) Dangerous characteristics of the waste(s) to be handled; (iii) For new tank systems or components in which the external shell of a metal tank or any external metal component of the tank system will be in contact with the soil or with water, a determination by a corrosion expert of: (A) Factors affecting the potential for corrosion, including but not limited to: (I) Soil moisture content; (II) Soil pH; (III) Soil sulfides level; (IV) Soil resistivity; (V) Structure to soil potential; (VI) Influence of nearby underground metal structures (e.g., piping); (VII) Existence of stray electric current; (VIII) Existing corrosion-protection measures (e.g., coating, cathodic protection); and (B) The type and degree of external corrosion protection that are needed to ensure the integrity of the tank system during the use of the tank system or component, consisting of one or more of the following: (I) Corrosion-resistant materials of construction such as special alloys, fiberglass reinforced plastic, etc.; (II) Corrosion-resistant coating (such as epoxy, fiberglass, etc.,) with cathodic protection (e.g., impressed current or sacrificial anodes); and (III) Electrical isolation devices such as insulating joints, flanges, etc. Note: The practices described in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) standard, "Recommended Practice (RP-02-85) -- Control of External Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems," and the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1632, "Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems," may be used, where applicable, as guidelines in providing corrosion protection for tank systems. (iv) For underground tank system components that are likely to be adversely affected by vehicular traffic, a determination of design or operational measures that will protect the tank system against potential damage; and (v) Design considerations to ensure that: (A) Tank foundations will maintain the load of a full tank; (B) Tank systems will be anchored to prevent flotation or dislodgment where the tank system is either placed in a saturated zone, or is located less than five hundred feet from a fault which has had displacement in Holocene times; and (C) Tank systems will withstand the effects of frost heave. (b) The owner or operator must develop a schedule for conducting integrity assessments over the life of the tank to ensure that the tank retains its structural integrity and will not collapse, rupture or fail. The schedule must be based on the results of past integrity assessments, age of the tank system, materials of construction, characteristics of the waste, and any other relevant factors. (c) The owner or operator of a new tank system must ensure that proper handling procedures are adhered to in order to prevent damage to the system during installation. Prior to covering, enclosing, or placing a new tank system or component in use, an independent, qualified installation inspector or an independent, qualified, registered professional engineer, either of whom is trained and experienced in the proper installation of tank systems or components, must inspect the system for the presence of any of the following items: (i) Weld breaks; (ii) Punctures; (iii) Scrapes of protective coatings; (iv) Cracks; (v) Corrosion; (vi) Other structural damage or inadequate construction/installation. All discrepancies must be remedied before the tank system is covered, enclosed, or placed in use. (d) New tank systems or components that are placed underground and that are backfilled must be provided with a backfill material that is a noncorrosive, porous, homogeneous substance and that is installed so that the backfill is placed completely around the tank and compacted to ensure that the tank and piping are fully and uniformly supported. (e) All new tanks and ancillary equipment must be tested for tightness prior to being covered, enclosed, or placed in use. If a tank system is found not to be tight, all repairs necessary to remedy the leak(s) in the system must be performed prior to the tank system being covered, enclosed, or placed into use. (f) Ancillary equipment must be supported and protected against physical damage and excessive stress due to settlement, vibration, expansion, or contraction. Note: The piping system installation procedures described in American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1615 (November 1979), "Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage Systems," or ANSI Standard B31.3, "Petroleum Refinery Piping," and ANSI Standard B31.4 "Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping System," may be used, where applicable, as guidelines for proper installation of piping systems. (g) The owner or operator must provide the type and degree of corrosion protection recommended by an independent corrosion expert, based on the information provided under (a)(iii) of this subsection, or other corrosion protection if the department believes other corrosion protection is necessary to ensure the integrity of the tank system during use of the tank system. The installation of a corrosion protection system that is field fabricated must be supervised by an independent corrosion expert to ensure proper installation. (h) The owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility written statements by those persons required to certify the design of the tank system and supervise the installation of the tank system in accordance with the requirements of (b) through (g) of this subsection, that attest that the tank system was properly designed and installed and that repairs, pursuant to (c) and (e) of this subsection, were performed. These written statements must also include the certification statement as required in WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a). (4) Containment and detection of releases. (a) In order to prevent the release of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents to the environment, secondary containment that meets the requirements of this subsection must be provided (except as provided in (f) and (g) of this subsection): (i) For all new tank systems or components, prior to their being put into service; (ii) For all existing tank systems used to store or treat Dangerous Waste Nos. F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027, within two years after January 12, 1989; (iii) For those existing tank systems of known and documented age, within two years after January 12, 1989, or when the tank system has reached fifteen years of age, whichever comes later; (iv) For those existing tank systems for which the age cannot be documented, within eight years of January 12, 1989; but if the age of the facility is greater than seven years, secondary containment must be provided by the time the facility reaches fifteen years of age, or within two years of January 12, 1989, whichever comes later; and (v) For tank systems that store or treat materials that become dangerous wastes subsequent to January 12, 1989, within the time intervals required in (a)(i) through (iv) of this subsection, except that the date that a material becomes a dangerous waste must be used in place of January 12, 1989. (b) Secondary containment systems must be: (i) Designed, installed, and operated to prevent any migration of wastes or accumulated liquid out of the system to the soil, ground water, or surface water at any time during the use of the tank system; and (ii) Capable of detecting and collecting releases and accumulated liquids until the collected material is removed. (c) To meet the requirements of (b) of this subsection, secondary containment systems must be at a minimum: (i) Constructed of or lined with materials that are compatible with the waste(s) to be placed in the tank system and must have sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure owing to pressure gradients (including static head and external hydrological forces), physical contact with the waste to which it is exposed, climatic conditions, and the stress of daily operations (including stresses from nearby vehicular traffic); (ii) Placed on a foundation or base capable of providing support to the secondary containment system, resistance to pressure gradients above and below the system, and capable of preventing failure due to settlement, compression, or uplift; (iii) Provided with a leak-detection system that is designed and operated so that it will detect the failure of either the primary or secondary containment structure or the presence of any release of dangerous waste or accumulated liquid in the secondary containment system within twenty-four hours, or at the earliest practicable time if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department that existing detection technologies or site conditions will not allow detection of a release within twenty-four hours; and (iv) Sloped or otherwise designed or operated to drain and remove liquids resulting from leaks, spills, or precipitation. Spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the secondary containment system within twenty-four hours, or in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent harm to human health and the environment, if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department that removal of the released waste or accumulated precipitation cannot be accomplished within twenty-four hours. Note: If the collected material is a dangerous waste under WAC 173-303-070, it is subject to management as a dangerous waste in accordance with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-170 through 173-303-400 and WAC 173-303-600 through173-303-695 . If the collected material is discharged through a point source to waters of the United States, it is subject to the requirements of sections 301, 304, and 402 of the Clean Water Act, as amended. If discharged to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW), it is subject to the requirements of section 307 of the Clean Water Act, as amended. If the collected material is released to the environment, it may be subject to the reporting requirements of 40 CFR Part 302. (d) Secondary containment for tanks must include one or more of the following devices: (i) A liner (external to the tank); (ii) A vault; (iii) A double-walled tank; or (iv) An equivalent device as approved by the department. (e) In addition to the requirements of (b), (c), and (d) of this subsection, secondary containment systems must satisfy the following requirements: (i) External liner systems must be: (A) Designed or operated to contain one hundred percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary; (B) Designed or operated to prevent run-on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run-on or infiltration. Such additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a twenty-five-year, twenty-four-hour rainfall event. (C) Free of cracks or gaps; and (D) Designed and installed to surround the tank completely and to cover all surrounding earth likely to come into contact with the waste if the waste is released from the tank(s) (i.e., capable of preventing lateral as well as vertical migration of the waste). (ii) Vault systems must be: (A) Designed or operated to contain one hundred percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary; (B) Designed or operated to prevent run-on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run-on or infiltration. Such additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a twenty-five-year, twenty-four-hour rainfall event; (C) Constructed with chemical-resistant water stops in place at all joints (if any); (D) Provided with an impermeable interior coating or lining that is compatible with the stored waste and that will prevent migration of waste into the concrete; (E) Provided with a means to protect against the formation of and ignition of vapors within the vault, if the waste being stored or treated: (I) Meets the definition of ignitable waste under WAC 173-303-090(5); or (II) Meets the definition of reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090(7), and may form an ignitable or explosive vapor. (F) Provided with an exterior moisture barrier or be otherwise designed or operated to prevent migration of moisture into the vault if the vault is subject to hydraulic pressure. (iii) Double-walled tanks must be: (A) Designed as an integral structure (i.e., an inner tank completely enveloped within an outer shell) so that any release from the inner tank is contained by the outer shell; (B) Protected, if constructed of metal, from both corrosion of the primary tank interior and of the external surface of the outer shell; and (C) Provided with a built-in continuous leak detection system capable of detecting a release within twenty-four hours, or at the earliest practicable time, if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the department, and the department concludes, that the existing detection technology or site conditions would not allow detection of a release within twenty-four hours. Note: The provisions outlined in the Steel Tank Institute's (STI) "Standard for Dual Wall Underground Steel Storage Tanks" may be used as guidelines for aspects of the design of underground steel double-walled tanks. (f) Ancillary equipment must be provided with secondary containment (e.g., trench, jacketing, double-walled piping) that meets the requirements of (b) and (c) of this subsection except for: (i) Aboveground piping (exclusive of flanges, joints, valves, and other connections) that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis; (ii) Welded flanges, welded joints, and welded connections, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis; (iii) Sealless or magnetic coupling pumps and sealless valves, that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis; and (iv) Pressurized aboveground piping systems with automatic shutoff devices (e.g., excess flow check valves, flow metering shutdown devices, loss of pressure actuated shutoff devices) that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis. (g) The owner or operator may obtain a variance from the requirements of this subsection if the department finds, as a result of a demonstration by the owner or operator that alternative design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any dangerous waste or dangerous constituents into the ground water, or surface water at least as effectively as secondary containment during the active life of the tank system or that in the event of a release that does migrate to ground water or surface water, no substantial present or potential hazard will be posed to human health or the environment. New underground tank systems may not, per a demonstration in accordance with (g)(ii) of this subsection, be exempted from the secondary containment requirements of this section. (i) In deciding whether to grant a variance based on a demonstration of equivalent protection of ground water and surface water, the department will consider: (A) The nature and quantity of the wastes; (B) The proposed alternate design and operation; (C) The hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including the thickness of soils present between the tank system and ground water; and (D) All other factors that would influence the quality and mobility of the dangerous constituents and the potential for them to migrate to ground water or surface water. (ii) In deciding whether to grant a variance based on a demonstration of no substantial present or potential hazard, the department will consider: (A) The potential adverse effects on ground water, surface water, and land quality taking into account: (I) The physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the tank system, including its potential for migration; (II) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land; (III) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; (IV) The potential for damage to wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents; and (V) The persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects. (B) The potential adverse effects of a release on ground water quality, taking into account: (I) The quantity and quality of ground water and the direction of ground water flow; (II) The proximity and withdrawal rates of ground water users; (III) The current and future uses of ground water in the area; and (IV) The existing quality of ground water, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the ground water quality. (C) The potential adverse effects of a release on surface water quality, taking into account: (I) The quantity and quality of ground water and the direction of ground water flow; (II) The patterns of rainfall in the region; (III) The proximity of the tank system to surface waters; (IV) The current and future uses of surface waters in the area and any water quality standards established for those surface waters; and (V) The existing quality of surface water, including other sources of contamination and the cumulative impact on surface-water quality. (D) The potential adverse effects of a release on the land surrounding the tank system, taking into account: (I) The patterns of rainfall in the region; and (II) The current and future uses of the surrounding land. (iii) The owner or operator of a tank system, for which a variance from secondary containment had been granted in accordance with the requirements of (g)(i) of this subsection, at which a release of dangerous waste has occurred from the primary tank system but has not migrated beyond the zone of engineering control (as established in the variance), must: (A) Comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section, except subsection (7)(d) of this section; and (B) Decontaminate or remove contaminated soil to the extent necessary to: (I) Enable the tank system for which the variance was granted to resume operation with the capability for the detection of releases at least equivalent to the capability it had prior to the release; and (II) Prevent the migration of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents to ground water or surface water. (C) If contaminated soil cannot be removed or decontaminated in accordance with (g)(iii)(B) of this subsection, comply with the requirements of subsection (8) of this section. (iv) The owner or operator of a tank system, for which a variance from secondary containment had been granted in accordance with the requirements of (g)(i) of this subsection, at which a release of dangerous waste has occurred from the primary tank system and has migrated beyond the zone of engineering control (as established in the variance), must: (A) Comply with the requirements of subsection (7)(a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section; and (B) Prevent the migration of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents to ground water or surface water, if possible, and decontaminate or remove contaminated soil. If contaminated soil cannot be decontaminated or removed or if ground water has been contaminated, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (8)(b) of this section; and (C) If repairing, replacing, or reinstalling the tank system, provide secondary containment in accordance with the requirements of (a) through (f) of this subsection or reapply for a variance from secondary containment and meet the requirements for new tank systems in subsection (3) of this section if the tank system is replaced. The owner or operator must comply with these requirements even if contaminated soil can be decontaminated or removed and ground water or surface water has not been contaminated. (h) The following procedures must be followed in order to request a variance from secondary containment: (i) The department must be notified in writing by the owner or operator that he intends to conduct and submit a demonstration for a variance from secondary containment as allowed in (g) of this subsection according to the following schedule: (A) For existing tank systems, at least twenty-four months prior to the date that secondary containment must be provided in accordance with (a) of this subsection. (B) For new tank systems, at least thirty days prior to entering into a contract for installation. (ii) As part of the notification, the owner or operator must also submit to the department a description of the steps necessary to conduct the demonstration and a timetable for completing each of the steps. The demonstration must address each of the factors listed in (g)(i) or (ii) of this subsection; (iii) The demonstration for a variance must be completed within one hundred eighty days after notifying the department of an intent to conduct the demonstration; and (iv) If a variance is granted under this subsection, the department will require the permittee to construct and operate the tank system in the manner that was demonstrated to meet the requirements for the variance. (i) All tank systems, until such time as secondary containment that meets the requirements of this section is provided, must comply with the following: (i) For nonenterable underground tanks, a leak test that meets the requirements of subsection (2)(c)(v) of this section or other tank integrity method, as approved or required by the department, must be conducted at least annually. (ii) For other than nonenterable underground tanks, the owner or operator must either conduct a leak test as in (i)(i) of this subsection or develop a schedule and procedure for an assessment of the overall condition of the tank system by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer. The schedule and procedure must be adequate to detect obvious cracks, leaks, and corrosion or erosion that may lead to cracks and leaks. The owner or operator must remove the stored waste from the tank, if necessary, to allow the condition of all internal tank surfaces to be assessed. The frequency of these assessments must be based on the material of construction of the tank and its ancillary equipment, the age of the system, the type of corrosion or erosion protection used, the rate of corrosion or erosion observed during the previous inspection, and the characteristics of the waste being stored or treated. (iii) For ancillary equipment, a leak test or other integrity assessment as approved by the department must be conducted at least annually. Note: Three publications may be used, where applicable, as guidelines for assessing the overall condition of the tank system: Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, API Standard 653, Addendum 4 issued in December 1999; Guidance for Assessing and Certifying Tank Systems that Store and Treat Dangerous Waste, Ecology Publication No. 94-114; and Steel Tank Institute publication #SP001-00 Standard for Inspection of In-Service Shop Fabricated Aboveground Tanks for Storage of Combustible and Flammable Liquids copyright 2000. (iv) The owner or operator must maintain on file at the facility a record of the results of the assessments conducted in accordance with (i)(i) through (iii) of this subsection. (v) If a tank system or component is found to be leaking or unfit for use as a result of the leak test or assessment in (i)(i) through (iii) of this subsection, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section. (5) General operating requirements. (a) Dangerous wastes or treatment reagents must not be placed in a tank system if they could cause the tank, its ancillary equipment, or the containment system to rupture, leak, corrode, or otherwise fail. (b) The owner or operator must use appropriate controls and practices to prevent spills and overflows from tank or containment systems. These include at a minimum: (i) Spill prevention controls (e.g., check valves, dry disconnect couplings); (ii) Overfill prevention controls (e.g., level sensing devices, high level alarms, automatic feed cutoff, or bypass to a standby tank); and (iii) Maintenance of sufficient freeboard in uncovered tanks to prevent overtopping by wave or wind action or by precipitation. (c) The owner or operator must comply with the requirements of subsection (7) of this section if a leak or spill occurs in the tank system. (d) All tank systems holding dangerous waste must be marked with labels or signs to identify the waste contained in the tank. The label or sign must be legible at a distance of at least fifty feet, and must bear a legend which identifies the waste in a manner which adequately warns employees, emergency response personnel, and the public of the major risk(s) associated with the waste being stored or treated in the tank system(s). (Note -- If there already is a system in use that performs this function in accordance with local, state or federal regulations, then such system will be adequate.) (e) All tank systems holding dangerous wastes which are acutely or chronically toxic by inhalation must be designed to prevent escape of vapors, fumes, or other emissions into the air. (6) Inspections. (a) The owner or operator must develop and follow a schedule and procedure for inspecting overfill controls. (b) The owner or operator must inspect at least once each operating day: (i) Aboveground portions of the tank system, if any, to detect corrosion or releases of waste; (ii) Data gathered from monitoring any leak detection equipment (e.g., pressure or temperature gauges, monitoring wells) to ensure that the tank system is being operated according to its design; and (iii) The construction materials and the area immediately surrounding the externally accessible portion of the tank system, including the secondary containment system (e.g., dikes) to detect erosion or signs of releases of dangerous waste (e.g., wet spots, dead vegetation). Note: WAC 173-303-320 requires the owner or operator to remedy any deterioration or malfunction he finds. Subsection (7) of this section requires the owner or operator to notify the department within twenty-four hours of confirming a leak. Also, 40 CFR Part 302 may require the owner or operator to notify the National Response Center of a release. (c) The owner or operator must inspect cathodic protection systems, if present, according to, at a minimum, the following schedule to ensure that they are functioning properly: (i) The proper operation of the cathodic protection system must be confirmed within six months after initial installation and annually thereafter; and (ii) All sources of impressed current must be inspected and/or tested, as appropriate, at least bimonthly (i.e., every other month). Note: The practices described in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) standard, "Recommended Practice (RP-02-85) -- Control of External Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or Submerged Liquid Storage Systems," and the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1632, "Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping Systems," may be used, where applicable, as guidelines in maintaining and inspecting cathodic protection systems. (d) The owner or operator must document in the operating record of the facility an inspection of those items in (a) through (c) of this subsection. The owner or operator must keep an inspection log including at least the date and time of the inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a notation of the observations made and the date and nature of any repairs or remedial actions taken. The log must be kept at the facility for at least five years from the date of inspection. (7) Response to leaks or spills and disposition of leaking or unfit-for-use tank systems. A tank system or secondary containment system from which there has been a leak or spill, or which is unfit for use, must be removed from service immediately, and the owner or operator must satisfy the following requirements: (a) Cessation of use; prevent flow or addition of wastes. The owner or operator must immediately stop the flow of dangerous waste into the tank system or secondary containment system and inspect the system to determine the cause of the release. (b) Removal of waste from tank system or secondary containment system. (i) If the release was from the tank system, the owner/operator must, within twenty-four hours after detection of the leak or, if the owner/operator demonstrates that it is not possible, at the earliest practicable time, remove as much of the waste as is necessary to prevent further release of dangerous waste to the environment and to allow inspection and repair of the tank system to be performed. (ii) If the material released was to a secondary containment system, all released materials must be removed within twenty-four hours or in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent harm to human health and the environment. (c) Containment of visible releases to the environment. The owner/operator must immediately conduct a visual inspection of the release and, based upon that inspection: (i) Prevent further migration of the leak or spill to soils or surface water; and (ii) Remove, and properly dispose of, any visible contamination of the soil or surface water. (d) Notifications, reports. (i) Any release to the environment must be reported to the department and other authorities immediately in accordance with WAC 173-303-145. Any release above the "reportable quantity" must also be reported to the National Response Center pursuant to 40 CFR Part 302. (ii) Within thirty days (or fifteen days if classified as an emergency) of detection of a release to the environment, a report containing the following information must be submitted to the department: (A) Likely route of migration of the release; (B) Characteristics of the surrounding soil (soil composition, geology, hydrogeology, climate); (C) Results of any monitoring or sampling conducted in connection with the release (if available). If sampling or monitoring data relating to the release are not available within thirty days, these data must be submitted to the department as soon as they become available; (D) Proximity to downgradient drinking water, surface water, and populated areas; and (E) Description of response actions taken or planned. (F) In the event of an emergency, additional information as required by WAC 173-303-360. (e) Provision of secondary containment, repair, or closure. (i) Unless the owner/operator satisfies the requirements of (e)(ii) through (iv) of this subsection, the tank system must be closed in accordance with subsection (8) of this section. (ii) If the cause of the release was a spill that has not damaged the integrity of the system, the owner/operator may return the system to service as soon as the released waste is removed and repairs, if necessary, are made. (iii) If the cause of the release was a leak from the primary tank system into the secondary containment system, the system must be repaired prior to returning the tank system to service. (iv) If the source of the release was a leak to the environment from a component of a tank system without secondary containment, the owner/operator must provide the component of the system from which the leak occurred with secondary containment that satisfies the requirements of subsection (4) of this section before it can be returned to service, unless the source of the leak is an aboveground portion of a tank system that can be inspected visually. If the source is an aboveground component that can be inspected visually, the component must be repaired and may be returned to service without secondary containment as long as the requirements of (f) of this subsection are satisfied. If a component is replaced to comply with the requirements of this subitem, that component must satisfy the requirements for new tank systems or components in subsections (3) and (4) of this section. Additionally, if a leak has occurred in any portion of a tank system component that is not readily accessible for visual inspection (e.g., the bottom of an inground or onground tank), the entire component must be provided with secondary containment in accordance with subsection (4) of this section prior to being returned to use. (f) Certification of major repairs. If the owner/operator has repaired a tank system in accordance with (e) of this subsection, and the repair has been extensive (e.g., installation of an internal liner; repair of a ruptured primary containment or secondary containment vessel), the tank system must not be returned to service unless the owner/operator has obtained a certification by an independent, qualified, registered, professional engineer in accordance with WAC 173-303-810 (13)(a) that the repaired system is capable of handling dangerous wastes without release for the intended life of the system. This certification must be submitted to the department within seven days after returning the tank system to use. Note: See WAC 173-303-320 for the requirements necessary to remedy a failure. Also, 40 CFR Part 302 may require the owner or operator to notify the National Response Center of certain releases. (8) Closure and post-closure care. (a) At closure of a tank system, the owner or operator must remove or decontaminate all waste residues, contaminated containment system components (liners, etc.), contaminated soils, and structures and equipment contaminated with waste, and manage them as dangerous waste, unless WAC 173-303-070 (2)(a) applies. The closure plan, closure activities, cost estimates for closure, and financial responsibility for tank systems must meet all of the requirements specified in WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620. (b) If the owner or operator demonstrates that not all contaminated soils can be practicably removed or decontaminated as required in (a) of this subsection, then the owner or operator must close the tank system and perform post-closure care in accordance with the closure and post-closure care requirements that apply to landfills (see WAC 173-303-665(6)). In addition, for the purposes of closure, post-closure, and financial responsibility, such a tank system is then considered to be a landfill, and the owner or operator must meet all of the requirements for landfills specified in WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620. (c) If an owner or operator has a tank system that does not have secondary containment that meets the requirements of subsection (4)(b) through (f) of this section and is not exempt from the secondary containment requirements in accordance with subsection (4)(g) of this section, then: (i) The closure plan for the tank system must include both a plan for complying with (a) of this subsection and a contingent plan for complying with (b) of this subsection. (ii) A contingent post-closure plan for complying with (b) of this subsection must be prepared and submitted as part of the permit application. (iii) The cost estimates calculated for closure and post-closure care must reflect the costs of complying with the contingent closure plan and the contingent post-closure plan, if those costs are greater than the costs of complying with the closure plan prepared for the expected closure under (a) of this subsection. (iv) Financial assurance must be based on the cost estimates in (c)(iii) of this subsection. (v) For the purposes of the contingent closure and post-closure plans, such a tank system is considered to be a landfill, and the contingent plans must meet all of the closure, post-closure, and financial responsibility requirements for landfills under this chapter (WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620). (9) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive wastes. (a) Ignitable or reactive waste must not be placed in tank systems unless: (i) The waste is treated, rendered, or mixed before or immediately after placement in the tank system so that the resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090, and 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with; or (ii) The waste is stored or treated in such a way that it is protected from any material or conditions which may cause the waste to ignite or react; or (iii) The tank system is used solely for emergencies. (b) The owner or operator of a facility which treats or stores ignitable or reactive waste in tanks must locate the tanks in a manner equivalent to the National Fire Protection Association's buffer zone requirements for tanks, contained in Tables 2-1 through 2-6 of the NFPA-30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code -1981, or as required by state and local fire codes when such codes are more stringent. The owner or operator must also comply with the requirements of WAC 173-303-395 (1)(d). (10) Special requirements for incompatible wastes. (a) Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials, must not be placed in the same tank system, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with. (b) Dangerous waste must not be placed in a tank system that has not been decontaminated and that previously held an incompatible waste or material, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with. (11) Air emission standards. The owner or operator must manage all hazardous waste placed in a tank in accordance with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Subparts AA, BB, and CC, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-690 through173-303-692 . [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-640, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-640, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-640, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-640, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-640, filed 1/4/89; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-640, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-640, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-640, filed 2/10/82. Formerly chapter 173-302 WAC.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-645 Releases from regulated units. (1) Applicability. (a)(i) Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, the regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, or dispose of dangerous waste. The owner or operator must satisfy the requirements identified in (a)(ii) of this subsection for all wastes (or constituents thereof) contained in solid waste management units at the facility, regardless of the time at which waste was placed in such units. (ii) All solid waste management units must comply with the requirements in WAC 173-303-64620. Regulated units (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) must comply with the requirements of subsections (2) through (12) of this section, in lieu of WAC 173-303-64620, for purposes of detecting, characterizing, and responding to releases to the uppermost aquifer. The corrective action financial responsibility requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 apply to corrective action regulated units. (b) The owner or operator's regulated unit or units are not subject to regulation for releases into the uppermost aquifer under this section if: (i) The owner or operator is exempted under WAC 173-303-600; or (ii) He operates a unit which the department finds: (A) Is an engineered structure; (B) Does not receive or contain liquid waste or waste containing free liquids; (C) Is designed and operated to exclude liquid, precipitation, and other run-on and runoff; (D) Has both inner and outer layers of containment enclosing the waste; (E) Has a leak detection system built into each containment layer; (F) The owner or operator will provide continuing operation and maintenance of these leak detection systems during the active life of the unit and the closure and post-closure care periods; and (G) To a reasonable degree of certainty, will not allow dangerous constituents to migrate beyond the outer containment layer prior to the end of the post-closure care period. (iii) The department finds, pursuant to WAC 173-303-655 (8)(d), that the treatment zone of a land treatment unit does not contain levels of dangerous constituents that are above background levels of those constituents by an amount that is statistically significant, and if an unsaturated zone monitoring program meeting the requirements of WAC 173-303-655(6) has not shown a statistically significant increase in dangerous constituents below the treatment zone during the operating life of the unit. An exemption under this subsection can only relieve an owner or operator of responsibility to meet the requirements of this section during the post-closure care period; or (iv) The department finds that there is no potential for migration of liquid from a regulated unit to the uppermost aquifer during the active life of the regulated unit (including the closure period) and the post-closure care period. This demonstration must be certified by a qualified geologist or geotechnical engineer. In order to provide an adequate margin of safety in the prediction of potential migration of liquid, the owner or operator must base any predictions made under this subsection on assumptions that maximize the rate of liquid migration. (c) The regulations under this section apply during the active life of the regulated unit (including the closure period). After closure of the regulated unit, the regulations in this section: (i) Do not apply if all waste, waste residues, contaminated containment system components, and contaminated subsoils are removed or decontaminated at closure in accordance with the removal or decontamination limits specified in WAC 173-303-610 (2)(b); (ii) Apply during the post-closure care period if the owner or operator is conducting a detection monitoring program under subsection (9) of this section; and (iii) Apply during the compliance period under subsection (7) of this section, if the owner or operator is conducting a compliance monitoring program under subsection (10) of this section, or a corrective action program under subsection (11) of this section. (d) Regulations in this section may apply to miscellaneous units when necessary to comply with WAC 173-303-680 (2) through (4). (e) The director may, in an enforceable document, replace all or part of the requirements of this section with alternative requirements for ground water monitoring and corrective action when he or she determines: (i) A dangerous waste unit is situated among other solid waste management units or areas of concern, a release has occurred, and both the dangerous waste unit and one or more of the solid waste management units or areas of concern are likely to have contributed to the release; and (ii) It is not necessary to apply the requirements of this section because the alternative requirements will protect human health and the environment. (2) Required programs. (a) Owners and operators subject to this section must conduct a monitoring and response program as follows: (i) Whenever dangerous constituents under subsection (4) of this section, from a regulated unit are detected at the compliance point under subsection (6) of this section, the owner or operator must institute a compliance monitoring program under subsection (10) of this section. Detected is defined as statistically significant evidence of contamination as described in subsection (9)(f) of this section; (ii) Whenever the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section, is exceeded, the owner or operator must institute a corrective action program under subsection (11) of this section. Exceeded is defined as statistically significant evidence of increased contamination as described in subsection (10)(h) of this section. Exceeded is defined as statistically significant evidence of contamination as described in WAC 173-303-645 (10)(d); (iii) Whenever dangerous constituents under subsection (4) of this section, from a regulated unit exceed concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, in ground water between the compliance point under subsection (6) of this section and the downgradient facility property boundary, the owner or operator must institute a corrective action program under subsection (11) of this section; and (iv) In all other cases, the owner or operator must institute a detection monitoring program under subsection (9) of this section. (b) The department will specify in the facility permit the specific elements of the monitoring and response program. The department may include one or more of the programs identified in (a) of this subsection, in the facility permit as may be necessary to protect human health and the environment and will specify the circumstances under which each of the programs will be required. In deciding whether to require the owner or operator to be prepared to institute a particular program, the department will consider the potential adverse effects on human health and the environment that might occur before final administrative action on a permit modification application to incorporate such a program could be taken. (3) Ground water protection standard. The owner or operator must comply with conditions specified in the facility permit that are designed to ensure that dangerous constituents under subsection (4) of this section, detected in the ground water from a regulated unit do not exceed the concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, in the uppermost aquifer underlying the waste management area beyond the point of compliance under subsection (6) of this section, during the compliance period under subsection (7) of this section. To the extent practical, the department will establish this ground water protection standard in the facility permit at the time the permit is issued. If the department determines that an established standard is not protective enough, or if the department decides that it is not practical to establish standards at the time of permit issuance, the department will establish the ground water protection standard in the facility permit when dangerous constituents have been detected in the ground water from a regulated unit. (4) Dangerous constituents. (a) The department will specify in the facility permit the dangerous constituents to which the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, applies. Dangerous constituents are constituents identified in 40 CFR Part 264 Appendix IX, which is adopted by reference (this list is available from the department), and any other constituents not listed there which have caused a waste to be regulated under this chapter, that may be or have been detected in ground water in the uppermost aquifer underlying a regulated unit and that are reasonably expected to be in or derived from waste contained in a regulated unit, unless the department has excluded them under (b) of this subsection. The department may also specify in the permit indicator parameters (e.g., specific conductance, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total organic halogen (TOX), or heavy metals), waste constituents or reaction products as identified in the detection monitoring program under subsection (9)(a) of this section, that provide a reliable indication of the presence of dangerous constituents in the ground water. (b) The department will exclude a 40 CFR Part 264 Appendix IX, or other identified constituent from the list of dangerous constituents specified in the facility permit if it finds that the constituent is not capable of posing a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment. In deciding whether to grant an exemption, the department will consider the following: (i) Potential adverse effects on ground water quality, considering: (A) The physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the regulated unit, including its potential for migration; (B) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land; (C) The quantity of ground water and the direction of ground water flow; (D) The proximity and withdrawal rates of ground water users; (E) The current and future uses of ground water in the area; (F) The existing quality of ground water, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the ground water quality; (G) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; (H) The potential damage to wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents; and (I) The persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects; (ii) Potential adverse effects on hydraulically-connected surface water quality, considering: (A) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the regulated unit; (B) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land; (C) The quantity and quality of ground water, and the direction of ground water flow; (D) The patterns of rainfall in the region; (E) The proximity of the regulated unit to surface waters; (F) The current and future uses of surface waters in the area and any water quality standards established for those surface waters; (G) The existing quality of surface water, including other sources of contamination and the cumulative impact on surface water quality; (H) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; (I) The potential damage to wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents; and (J) The persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects; and (iii) Any identification of underground sources of drinking water and exempted aquifers made pursuant to chapter 90.48 RCW, chapter 270, Laws of 1983, and other applicable state laws and regulations. (5) Concentration limits. (a) The department will specify in the facility permit concentration limits in the ground water for dangerous constituents established under subsection (4) of this section. The concentration of a dangerous constituent: (i) Must not exceed the background level of that constituent in the ground water at the time that limit is specified in the permit; or (ii) For any of the constituents listed in Table 1 of this subsection, must not exceed the respective value given in that table if the background level of the constituent is below the value given in Table 1; or (iii) Must not exceed an alternate limit established by the department under (b) of this subsection. Table 1. Maximum Concentration of Constituents for Ground Water Protection Constituent Maximum Concentration1 Arsenic -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.05 Barium -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.0 Cadmium -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.01 Chromium -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.05 Lead -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.05 Mercury -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.002 Selenium -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.01 Silver -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.05 Endrin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.0002 Lindane -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.004 Methoxychlor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.1 Toxaphene -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.005 2,4-D -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.1m 2,4,5-TP Silvex -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.01 1Milligrams per liter. (b) The department will establish an alternate concentration limit for a dangerous constituent if it finds that the constituent will not pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment as long as the alternate concentration limit is not exceeded. In establishing alternate concentration limits, the department will consider the same factors listed in subsection (4)(b)(i) through (iii) of this section. (6) Point of compliance. (a) The department will specify in the facility permit the point of compliance at which the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, applies and at which monitoring must be conducted. The point of compliance is a vertical surface located at the hydraulically downgradient limit of the waste management area that extends down into the uppermost aquifer underlying the regulated units. Alternatively, the point of compliance may be any closer points identified by the department at the time the permit is issued, considering the risks of the facility, the wastes and constituents managed there, the potential for waste constituents to have already migrated past the alternate compliance point, and the potential threats to ground and surface waters. (b) The waste management area is the limit projected in the horizontal plane of the area on which waste will be placed during the active life of a regulated unit. The waste management area includes horizontal space taken up by any liner, dike, or other barrier designed to contain waste in a regulated unit. If the facility contains more than one regulated unit, the waste management area is described by an imaginary line circumscribing the several regulated units. (7) Compliance period. (a) The department will specify in the facility permit the compliance period during which the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section applies. The compliance period is the number of years equal to the active life of the waste management area (including any waste management activity prior to permitting, and the closure period). (b) The compliance period begins when the owner or operator initiates a compliance monitoring program meeting the requirements of subsection (10) of this section. (c) If the owner or operator is engaged in a corrective action program at the end of the compliance period specified in (a) of this subsection, the compliance period is extended until the owner or operator can demonstrate that the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, has not been exceeded for a period of three consecutive years. (8) General ground water monitoring requirements. The owner or operator must comply with the requirements of this subsection for any ground water monitoring program developed to satisfy subsections (9), (10), or (11) of this section. (a) The ground water monitoring system must consist of a sufficient number of wells, installed at appropriate locations and depths to yield ground water samples from the uppermost aquifer that: (i) Represent the quality of background water that has not been affected by leakage from a regulated unit; (A) A determination of background quality may include sampling of wells that are not hydraulically upgradient of the waste management area where: (I) Hydrogeologic conditions do not allow the owner or operator to determine what wells are hydraulically upgradient; and (II) Sampling at other wells will provide an indication of background ground water quality that is representative or more representative than that provided by the upgradient wells; and (ii) Represent the quality of ground water passing the point of compliance. (iii) Allow for the detection of contamination when dangerous waste or dangerous constituents have migrated from the waste management area to the uppermost aquifer. (b) If a facility contains more than one regulated unit, separate ground water monitoring systems are not required for each regulated unit, provided that provisions for sampling the ground water in the uppermost aquifer will enable detection and measurement at the compliance point of dangerous constituents from the regulated units that have entered the ground water in the uppermost aquifer. (c) All monitoring wells must be cased in a manner that maintains the integrity of the monitoring well bore hole. This casing must allow collection of representative ground water samples. Wells must be constructed in such a manner as to prevent contamination of the samples, the sampled strata, and between aquifers and water bearing strata. Wells must meet the requirements set forth in Parts 1 and 3 of chapter 173-160 WAC, "Minimum standards for construction and maintenance of wells." (d) The ground water monitoring program must include at a minimum, procedures and techniques for: (i) Decontamination of drilling and sampling equipment; (ii) Sample collection; (iii) Sample preservation and shipment; (iv) Analytical procedures and quality assurance; and (v) Chain of custody control. (e) The ground water monitoring program must include consistent sampling and analytical methods that ensure reliable ground water sampling, accurately measure dangerous constituents and indicator parameters in ground water samples, and provide a reliable indication of ground water quality below the waste management area. (f) The ground water monitoring program must include a determination of the ground water surface elevation each time ground water is sampled. (g) In detection monitoring or where appropriate in compliance monitoring, data on each dangerous constituent specified in the permit will be collected from background wells and wells at the compliance point(s). The number and kinds of samples collected to establish background must be appropriate for the form of statistical test employed, following generally accepted statistical principles. The sample size must be as large as necessary to ensure with reasonable confidence that a contaminant release to ground water from a facility will be detected. The owner or operator will determine an appropriate sampling procedure and interval for each hazardous constituent listed in the facility permit which will be specified in the unit permit upon approval by the department. This sampling procedure will be: (i) A sequence of at least four samples, taken at an interval that assures, to the greatest extent technically feasible, that an independent sample is obtained, by reference to the uppermost aquifer's effective porosity, hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient, and the fate and transport characteristics of the potential contaminants; or (ii) An alternate sampling procedure proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department. (h) The owner or operator will specify one of the following statistical methods to be used in evaluating ground water monitoring data for each hazardous constituent which, upon approval by the department, will be specified in the unit permit. The statistical test chosen must be conducted separately for each dangerous constituent in each well. Where practical quantification limits (pql's) are used in any of the following statistical procedures to comply with (i)(v) of this subsection, the pql must be proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department. Use of any of the following statistical methods must be protective of human health and the environment and must comply with the performance standards outlined in (i) of this subsection. (i) A parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons procedures to identify statistically significant evidence of contamination. The method must include estimation and testing of the contrasts between each compliance well's mean and the background mean levels for each constituent. (ii) An analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on ranks followed by multiple comparisons procedures to identify statistically significant evidence of contamination. The method must include estimation and testing of the contrasts between each compliance well's median and the background median levels for each constituent. (iii) A tolerance or prediction interval procedure in which an interval for each constituent is established from the distribution of the background data, and the level of each constituent in each compliance well is compared to the upper tolerance or prediction limit. (iv) A control chart approach that gives control limits for each constituent. (v) Another statistical test method submitted by the owner or operator and approved by the department. (i) Any statistical method chosen under (h) of this subsection for specification in the unit permit must comply with the following performance standards, as appropriate: (i) The statistical method used to evaluate ground water monitoring data must be appropriate for the distribution of chemical parameters or dangerous constituents. If the distribution of the chemical parameters or dangerous constituents is shown by the owner or operator to be inappropriate for a normal theory test, then the data should be transformed or a distribution-free theory test should be used. If the distributions for the constituents differ, more than one statistical method may be needed. (ii) If an individual well comparison procedure is used to compare an individual compliance well constituent concentration with background constituent concentrations or a ground water protection standard, the test must be done at a Type I error level no less than 0.01 for each testing period. If a multiple comparisons procedure is used, the Type I experiment wise error rate for each testing period must be no less than 0.05; however, the Type I error of no less than 0.01 for individual well comparisons must be maintained. This performance standard does not apply to tolerance intervals, prediction intervals, or control charts. (iii) If a control chart approach is used to evaluate ground water monitoring data, the specific type of control chart and its associated parameter values must be proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department if it finds it to be protective of human health and the environment. (iv) If a tolerance interval or a prediction interval is used to evaluate ground water monitoring data, the levels of confidence and, for tolerance intervals, the percentage of the population that the interval must contain, must be proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department if it finds these parameters to be protective of human health and the environment. These parameters will be determined after considering the number of samples in the background data base, the data distribution, and the range of the concentration values for each constituent of concern. (v) The statistical method must account for data below the limit of detection with one or more statistical procedures that are protective of human health and the environment. Any practical quantification limit (pql) approved by the department under (h) of this subsection that is used in the statistical method must be the lowest concentration level that can be reliably achieved within specified limits of precision and accuracy during routine laboratory operating conditions that are available to the facility. (vi) If necessary, the statistical method must include procedures to control or correct for seasonal and spatial variability as well as temporal correlation in the data. (j) Ground water monitoring data collected in accordance with (g) of this subsection including actual levels of constituents must be maintained in the facility operating record. The department will specify in the permit when the data must be submitted for review. (9) Detection monitoring program. An owner or operator required to establish a detection monitoring program under this subsection must, at a minimum, discharge the responsibilities described in this subsection. (a) The owner or operator must monitor for indicator parameters (e.g., pH, specific conductance, total organic carbon (TOC), total organic halogen (TOX), or heavy metals), waste constituents, or reaction products that provide a reliable indication of the presence of dangerous constituents in ground water. The department will specify the parameters or constituents to be monitored in the facility permit, after considering the following factors: (i) The types, quantities, and concentrations of constituents in wastes managed at the regulated unit; (ii) The mobility, stability, and persistence of waste constituents or their reaction products in the unsaturated zone beneath the waste management area; (iii) The detectability of indicator parameters, waste constituents, and reaction products in ground water; and (iv) The concentrations or values and coefficients of variation of proposed monitoring parameters or constituents in the ground water background. (b) The owner or operator must install a ground water monitoring system at the compliance point, as specified under subsection (6) of this section. The ground water monitoring system must comply with subsection (8)(a)(ii), (b), and (c) of this section. (c) The owner or operator must conduct a ground water monitoring program for each chemical parameter and dangerous constituent specified in the permit pursuant to (a) of this subsection in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section. The owner or operator must maintain a record of ground water analytical data as measured and in a form necessary for the determination of statistical significance under subsection (8)(h) of this section. (d) The department will specify the frequencies for collecting samples and conducting statistical tests to determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of contamination for any parameter or dangerous constituent specified in the permit under (a) of this subsection in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section. A sequence of at least four samples from each well (background and compliance wells) must be collected at least semiannually during detection monitoring. (e) The owner or operator must determine the ground water flow rate and direction in the uppermost aquifer at least annually. (f) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of contamination for any chemical parameter of dangerous constituent specified in the permit pursuant to (a) of this subsection at a frequency specified under (d) of this subsection. (i) In determining whether statistically significant evidence of contamination exists, the owner or operator must use the method(s) specified in the permit under subsection (8)(h) of this section. These method(s) must compare data collected at the compliance point(s) to the background ground water quality data. (ii) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of contamination at each monitoring well as the compliance point within a reasonable period of time after completion of sampling. The department will specify in the facility permit what period of time is reasonable after considering the complexity of the statistical test and the availability of laboratory facilities to perform the analysis of ground water samples. (g) If the owner or operator determines pursuant to (f) of this subsection that there is statistically significant evidence of contamination for chemical parameters or dangerous constituents specified pursuant to (a) of this subsection at any monitoring well at the compliance point, he or she must: (i) Notify the department of this finding in writing within seven days. The notification must indicate what chemical parameters or dangerous constituents have shown statistically significant evidence of contamination: (ii) Immediately sample the ground water in all monitoring wells and determine whether constituents in the list of Appendix IX of 40 CFR Part 264 (which is adopted by reference) are present, and if so, in what concentration. (iii) For any Appendix IX compounds found in the analysis pursuant to (g)(ii) of this subsection, the owner or operator may resample within one month and repeat the analysis for those compounds detected. If the results of the second analysis confirm the initial results, then these constituents will form the basis for compliance monitoring. If the owner or operator does not resample for the compounds found pursuant to (g)(ii) of this subsection, the dangerous constituents found during this initial Appendix IX analysis will form the basis for compliance monitoring. (iv) Within ninety days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to establish a compliance monitoring program meeting the requirements of subsection (10) of this section. The application must include the following information: (A) An identification of the concentration or any Appendix IX constituent detected in the ground water at each monitoring well at the compliance point; (B) Any proposed changes to the ground water monitoring system at the facility necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (10) of this section; (C) Any proposed additions or changes to the monitoring frequency, sampling and analysis procedures or methods, or statistical methods used at the facility necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (10) of this section; (D) For each dangerous constituent detected at the compliance point, a proposed concentration limit under subsection (5)(a)(i) or (ii) of this section, or a notice of intent to seek an alternate concentration limit under subsection (5)(b) of this section; and (v) Within one hundred eighty days, submit to the department: (A) All data necessary to justify an alternate concentration limit sought under subsection (5)(b) of this section; and (B) An engineering feasibility plan for a corrective action program necessary to meet the requirement of subsection (11) of this section unless: (I) All dangerous constituents identified under (g)(ii) of this subsection are listed in Table I of subsection (5) of this section and their concentrations do not exceed the respective values given in that Table; or (II) The owner or operator has sought an alternate concentration limit under subsection (5)(b) of this section for every dangerous constituent identified under (g)(ii) of this subsection. (vi) If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (f) of this subsection, that there is a statistically significant difference for chemical parameters or dangerous constituents specified pursuant to (a) of this subsection at any monitoring well at the compliance point, he or she may demonstrate that a source other than a regulated unit caused the contamination or that the detection is an artifact caused by an error in sampling, analysis, or statistical evaluation or natural variation in the ground water. The owner operator may make a demonstration under this subsection in addition to, or in lieu of, submitting a permit modification application under (g)(iv) of this subsection; however, the owner or operator is not relieved of the requirement to submit a permit modification application within the time specified in (g)(iv) of this subsection unless the demonstration made under this subsection successfully shows that a source other than a regulated unit caused the increase, or that the increase resulted from error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation. In making a demonstration under this subsection, the owner or operator must: (A) Notify the department in writing within seven days of determining statistically significant evidence of contamination at the compliance point that he intends to make a demonstration under this subsection; (B) Within ninety days, submit a report to the department which demonstrates that a source other than a regulated unit caused the contamination or that the contamination resulted from error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation; (C) Within ninety days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the detection monitoring program facility; and (D) Continue to monitor in accordance with the detection monitoring program established under this section. (h) If the owner or operator determines that the detection monitoring program no longer satisfies the requirements of this section, he or she must, within ninety days, submit an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the program. (10) Compliance monitoring program. An owner or operator required to establish a compliance monitoring program under this section must, at a minimum, discharge the responsibilities described in this subsection. (a) The owner or operator must monitor the ground water to determine whether regulated units are in compliance with the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section. The department will specify the ground water protection standard in the facility permit, including: (i) A list of the dangerous constituents and parameters identified under subsection (4) of this section; (ii) Concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section for each of those dangerous constituents and parameters; (iii) The compliance point under subsection (6) of this section; and (iv) The compliance period under subsection (7) of this section. (b) The owner or operator must install a ground water monitoring system at the compliance point as specified under subsection (6) of this section. The ground water monitoring system must comply with subsection (8)(a)(ii), (b), and (c) of this section. (c) The department will specify the sampling procedures and statistical methods appropriate for the constituents and the facility, consistent with subsection (8)(g) and (h) of this section. (i) The owner or operator must conduct a sampling program for each chemical parameter or dangerous constituent in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section. (ii) The owner or operator must record ground water analytical data as measured and in form necessary for the determination of statistical significance under subsection (8)(h) of this section for the compliance period of the facility. (d) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of increased contamination for any chemical parameter or dangerous constituent specified in the permit, pursuant to (a) of this subsection, at a frequency specified under (f) of this subsection. (i) In determining whether statistically significant evidence of increased contamination exists, the owner or operator must use the method(s) specified in the permit under subsection (8)(h) of this section. The method(s) must compare data collected at the compliance point(s) to a concentration limit developed in accordance with subsection (5) of this section. (ii) The owner or operator must determine whether there is statistically significant evidence of increased contamination at each monitoring well at the compliance point within a reasonable time period after completion of sampling. The department will specify that time period in the facility permit, after considering the complexity of the statistical test and the availability of laboratory facilities to perform the analysis of ground water samples. (e) The owner or operator must determine the rate and direction of ground water flow in the uppermost aquifer at least annually. (f) The department will specify the frequencies for collecting samples and conducting statistical tests to determine statistically significant evidence of increased contamination in accordance with subsection (8)(g) of this section. A sequence of at least four samples from each well (background and compliance wells) must be collected at least semiannually during the compliance period of the facility. (g) The owner or operator must analyze samples from all monitoring wells at the compliance point for all constituents contained in Appendix IX of Part 264 at least annually to determine whether additional dangerous constituents are present in the uppermost aquifer and, if so, at what concentration, pursuant to procedures in (f) of this subsection. If the owner or operator finds Appendix IX constituents in the ground water that are not already identified in the permit as monitoring constituents, the owner or operator may resample within one month and repeat the Appendix IX analysis. If the second analysis confirms the presence of new constituents, the owner or operator must report the concentration of these additional constituents to the department within seven days after the completion of the second analysis and add them to the monitoring list. If the owner or operator chooses not to resample, then he or she must report the concentrations of these additional constituents to the department within seven days after completion of the initial analysis and add them to the monitoring list. If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (d) of this subsection, that any concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section are being exceeded at any monitoring well at the point of compliance, he must: (i) Notify the department of this finding in writing within seven days. The notification must indicate what concentration limits have been exceeded; (ii) Submit to the department an application for a permit modification to establish a corrective action program meeting the requirements of subsection (11) of this section, within ninety days, or within sixty days if an engineering feasibility study has been previously submitted to the department under subsection (9)(h)(v) of this section. For regulated units managing EHW, time frames of sixty days and forty-five days, respectively will apply. However, if the department finds that the full extent of the ninety/sixty-day or the sixty/forty-five-day time periods will increase the likelihood to cause a threat to public health, or the environment, it can at its discretion reduce their duration. In specifying shorter limits, the department will consider the following factors: (A) The physical and chemical characteristics of the dangerous constituents and parameters in the ground water; (B) The hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and of the surrounding land; (C) The rate of movement and direction of flow of the affected ground water; (D) The proximity to and withdrawal rates of ground water users downgradient; and (E) The current and future uses of ground water in the concerned area; and (iii) The application must at a minimum include the following information: (A) A detailed description of corrective actions that will achieve compliance with the ground water protection standard specified in the permit; and (B) A plan for a ground water monitoring program that will demonstrate the effectiveness of the corrective action. (h) Reserved. (i) If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (d) of this subsection, that the ground water concentration limits under this section are being exceeded at any monitoring well at the point of compliance, he may demonstrate that a source other than a regulated unit caused the contamination or that the detection is an artifact caused by an error in sampling, analysis, or statistical evaluation or natural variation in the ground water. In making a demonstration under this subsection, the owner or operator must: (i) Notify the department in writing within seven days that he intends to make a demonstration under this subsection; (ii) Within forty-five days, submit a report to the department which demonstrates that a source other than a regulated unit caused the standard to be exceeded or that the apparent noncompliance with the standards resulted from error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation; (iii) Within forty-five days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to make appropriate changes to the compliance monitoring program at the facility; and (iv) Continue to monitor in accord with the compliance monitoring program established under this section. (j) If the owner or operator determines that the compliance monitoring program no longer satisfies the requirements of this section, he must, within forty-five days, submit an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the program. (11) Corrective action program. An owner or operator required to establish a corrective action program under this section must, at a minimum, discharge the responsibilities described in this subsection. (a) The owner or operator must take corrective action to ensure that regulated units are in compliance with the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section. The department will specify the ground water protection standard in the facility permit, including: (i) A list of the dangerous constituents and parameters identified under subsection (4) of this section; (ii) Concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, for each of those dangerous constituents and parameters; (iii) The compliance point under subsection (6) of this section; and (iv) The compliance period under subsection (7) of this section. (b) The owner or operator must implement a corrective action program that prevents dangerous constituents and parameters from exceeding their respective concentration limits at the compliance point by removing the dangerous waste constituents and parameters or treating them in place. The permit will specify the specific measures that will be taken. (c) The owner or operator must begin corrective action within a reasonable time period after the ground water protection standard is exceeded. The department will specify that time period in the facility permit. If a facility permit includes a corrective action program in addition to a compliance monitoring program, the permit will specify when the corrective action will begin and such a requirement will operate in lieu of subsection (10)(i)(ii) of this section. (d) In conjunction with a corrective action program, the owner or operator must establish and implement a ground water monitoring program to demonstrate the effectiveness of the corrective action program. Such a monitoring program may be based on the requirements for a compliance monitoring program under subsection (10) of this section, and must be as effective as that program in determining compliance with the ground water protection standard under subsection (3) of this section, and in determining the success of a corrective action program under (e) of this subsection, where appropriate. (e) In addition to the other requirements of this section, the owner or operator must conduct a corrective action program to remove or treat in place any dangerous constituents or parameters under subsection (4) of this section, that exceed concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section, in ground water between the compliance point under subsection (6) of this section, and the downgradient facility property boundary; and beyond the facility boundary, where necessary to protect human health and the environment, unless the owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the department that, despite the owner's or operator's best efforts, the owner or operator was unable to obtain the necessary permission to undertake such action. The owner/operator is not relieved of all responsibility to clean up a release that has migrated beyond the facility boundary where off-site access is denied. On-site measures to address such releases will be determined on a case-by-case basis. For a facility seeking or required to have a permit, the corrective action measures to be taken must be specified in the permit. (i) Corrective action measures under this subsection must be initiated at the effective date of the modified permit and completed without time delays considering the extent of contamination. (ii) Corrective action measures under this subsection may be terminated once the concentration of dangerous constituents and parameters under subsection (4) of this section, is reduced to levels below their respective concentration limits under subsection (5) of this section. (f) The owner or operator must continue corrective action measures during the compliance period to the extent necessary to ensure that the ground water protection standard is not exceeded. If the owner or operator is conducting corrective action at the end of the compliance period, he must continue that corrective action for as long as necessary to achieve compliance with the ground water protection standard. The owner or operator may terminate corrective action measures taken beyond the period equal to the active life of the waste management area (including the closure period) if he can demonstrate, based on data from the ground water monitoring program under (d) of this subsection, that the ground water protection standard of subsection (3) of this section, has not been exceeded for a period of three consecutive years. (g) The owner or operator must report in writing to the department on the effectiveness of the corrective action program. The owner or operator must submit these reports semiannually. (h) If the owner or operator determines that the corrective action program no longer satisfies the requirements of this section, he must, within forty-five days, submit an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the program. (12) Use of the Model Toxics Control Act. (a) The department may require the owner/operator of a facility to fulfill his corrective action responsibilities under WAC 173-303-645 using an enforceable action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act, as amended, (chapter 70.105D RCW) and its implementing regulations. (b) Corrective action requirements imposed by an action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act will be in compliance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-645 and the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC to the extent required by RCW 70.105D.030 (2)(d) and WAC 173-340-710. (c) In the case of facilities seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of this chapter the department will incorporate corrective action requirements imposed pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act into permits at the time of permit issuance. Such incorporation will in no way affect the timing or scope of review of the Model Toxics Control Act action. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-645, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-645, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-645, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-645, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-645, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-645, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 89-02-059 (Order 88-24), § 173-303-645, filed 1/4/89; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-645, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-646 Corrective action. WAC 173-303-646 has been broken down into the following sections: Old citation WAC 173-303-64610 Purpose and applicability WAC 173-303-646(1) WAC 173-303-64620 Requirements WAC 173-303-646(2) WAC 173-303-64630 Use of the Model Toxics Control Act WAC 173-303-646(3) WAC 173-303-64640 Grandfathered corrective action management units (CAMUs) WAC 173-303-646 (4) through (6) WAC 173-303-64650 Corrective action management unit (CAMU) WAC 173-303-646(4) WAC 173-303-64660 Designation of a corrective action management unit WAC 173-303-646(5) WAC 173-303-64670 Incorporation of a regulated unit within a CAMU WAC 173-303-646(6) WAC 173-303-64680 Temporary units (TUs) WAC 173-303-646(7) WAC 173-303-64690 Staging piles WAC 173-303-646(8) WAC 173-303-646910 Disposal of CAMU-eligible wastes into permitted hazardous waste landfills WAC 173-303-646920 Disposal of CAMU-eligible wastes into permitted hazardous waste landfills located outside Washington [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-646, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-646, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-646, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-646, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-646, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64610 Purpose and applicability. (1) The provisions of this section, and WAC 173-303-64620 and 173-303-64630, establish requirements for corrective action for releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents including releases from solid waste management units. (2) The provisions of this section apply to facilities seeking or required to have a permit to treat, store, recycle or dispose of dangerous waste. (3) The provisions of this section do not apply to cleanup-only facilities. (4) For purposes of this section, dangerous constituent means any constituent identified in WAC 173-303-9905 or 40 CFR Part 264 Appendix IX, any constituent that caused a waste to be listed as a dangerous waste or to exhibit a dangerous characteristic under this chapter or to meet a dangerous waste criteria under this chapter, and any constituent that is within the meaning of "hazardous substance" under RCW 70.105D.020(7). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64610, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64620 Requirements. (1) The owner or operator of a facility must institute corrective action as necessary to protect human health and the environment for all releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents, including releases from all solid waste management units at the facility. Corrective action is required regardless of the time at which waste was managed at the facility or placed in such units and regardless of whether such facilities or units were intended for the management of solid or dangerous waste. Assurances of financial responsibility for such corrective action must be provided. (2) The owner/operator must implement corrective actions beyond the facility property boundary, where necessary to protect human health and the environment. Additionally, as necessary to protect human health and the environment, the department may require the owner/operator to implement on site measures to address releases which have migrated beyond the facility boundary. Assurances of financial responsibility for such corrective action must be provided. (3) In the case of a facility seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of chapter 173-303 WAC, corrective action must be specified in the permit. The permit will contain schedules of compliance for such corrective action (where such corrective action cannot be completed prior to issuance of the permit) and assurances of financial responsibility for completion of such corrective action. (4) At a minimum, corrective actions must be consistent with the following requirements of chapter 173-340 WAC. (a) As necessary to select a cleanup action consistent with WAC 173-340-360, 173-340-350, state remedial investigation and feasibility study. Information that is adequate to support selection of a cleanup action consistent with WAC 173-340-360 but was developed under a different authority (for example, as part of closure under WAC 173-303-610 or as part of a federally overseen cleanup) may be used. (b) WAC 173-340-360, selection of cleanup actions. (c) WAC 173-340-400, implementation of the cleanup action. (d) WAC 173-340-410, compliance monitoring requirements. (e) WAC 173-340-420, periodic review. (f) WAC 173-340-440, institutional controls. (g) WAC 173-340-700 through 173-340?760, cleanup standards. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64620, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64630 Use of the Model Toxics Control Act. (1) The department may require the owner/operator of a facility to fulfill his corrective action responsibilities under WAC 173-303-64620 using an enforceable action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act, as amended, (chapter 70.105D RCW) and its implementing regulations. (2) Corrective action requirements imposed by the department in an action issued pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act will be in compliance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 and the requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC to the extent required by RCW 70.105D.030 (2)(d) and WAC 173-340-710. (3) In the case of facilities seeking or required to have a permit under the provisions of this chapter the department will incorporate corrective action requirements imposed pursuant to the Model Toxics Control Act into permits at the time of permit issuance. Such incorporation will in no way affect the timing or scope of review of the Model Toxics Control Act action. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64630, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64640 Grandfathered corrective action management units (CAMUs). (1)(a) In accordance with the requirements of this section and WAC 173-303-64610 through173-303-64630 , the department may designate an area at a facility as a corrective action management unit for the purpose of treating, storing or disposing of remediation waste that originates at the same facility in order to implement remedies under this section or to implement other cleanup actions. Corrective action management unit means an area within a facility that is used only for managing remediation wastes for implementing corrective action or cleanup at the facility. A CAMU must be located within the contiguous property under the control of the owner or operator where the wastes to be managed in the CAMU originated. One or more CAMUs may be designated at a facility. (b) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the department's existing authorities, including authority under chapter 70.105D RCW, to address clean-up levels, media-specific points of compliance, or other remedy selection decisions. (c) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the timing or scope of review of any actions taken under the Model Toxics Control Act pursuant to WAC 173-303-64630 to fulfill the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 or the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-645. (2) Designation of a corrective action management unit. (a) When designating a CAMU, the director will do so in accordance with the following: (i) The CAMU will facilitate the implementation of reliable, effective, protective, and cost-effective remedies; (ii) Waste management activities associated with the CAMU will not create unacceptable risks to humans or the environment resulting from exposure to dangerous wastes or dangerous constituents; (iii) The CAMU will include uncontaminated areas of the facility only if including such areas for the purposes of managing remediation wastes is more protective than management of such wastes at contaminated areas of the facility; (iv) Areas within the CAMU where wastes remain in place after closure of the CAMU, will be managed and contained so as to minimize future releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents to the extent practicable; (v) When appropriate and practicable, the CAMU will expedite the timing of remedial activity implementation; (vi) The CAMU will enable the use, when appropriate, of treatment technologies (including innovative technologies) to enhance the long-term effectiveness of remedial actions by reducing the toxicity, mobility, or volume of wastes that will remain in place after closure of the CAMU; and (vii) The CAMU will, to the extent practicable, minimize the land area of the facility upon which wastes will remain in place after closure of the CAMU. (b) When designating a CAMU, the director will specify requirements for the CAMU including the following: (i) The areal configuration of the CAMU; (ii) Requirements for remediation waste management within the CAMU including specification of applicable design, operation, and closure requirements; (iii) Requirements for ground water and vadose zone monitoring that are sufficient to: (A) Continue to detect and to characterize the nature, extent, concentration, direction, and movement of existing releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents in ground water from sources located within the CAMU; and (B) Detect and subsequently characterize releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents to ground water that may occur from areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure. (iv) Requirements for closure that will minimize the need for further maintenance of the CAMU; and control, minimize, or eliminate to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, for areas where wastes remain in place, post-closure escape of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, or dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, to ground waters, to surface waters, or to the atmosphere and will include, as appropriate and deemed necessary by the director, the following: (A) Requirements for excavation, removal, treatment, and/or containment of wastes; (B) For areas in which wastes will remain after closure of the CAMU, requirements for capping of such areas; and (C) Requirements for removal and decontamination of equipment, devices, and structures used in remediation waste management activities within the CAMU. (c) In establishing closure requirements for CAMUs under (b)(iv) of this subsection, the director will consider the following factors: (i) CAMU characteristics; (ii) Volume of wastes which will remain in place after CAMU closure; (iii) Potential for releases from the CAMU; (iv) Physical and chemical characteristics of the waste; (v) Hydrological and other relevant environmental conditions at the facility which may influence the migration of any potential or actual releases in and/or from the CAMU; and (vi) Potential for exposure of humans and environmental receptors if releases were to occur at or from the CAMU. (d) The director will, for areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure, specify post-closure requirements to control, minimize, or eliminate, to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, post-closure escape of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, and dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, to ground waters, to surface waters, and to the atmosphere. Such post-closure requirements will include, as necessary to protect human health and the environment, monitoring and maintenance activities and the frequency with which such activities will be performed to ensure the integrity of any cap, final cover, or other containment system. (e) The owner/operator of a facility must provide sufficient information to enable the director to designate a CAMU in accordance with the criteria in WAC 173-303-64650, 173-303-64660, and 173-303-64670. (f) The director will document the rationale for designating CAMUs and will make such documentation available to the public. (g) Incorporation of the designation of and requirements for a CAMU into an existing permit must be approved by the director according to the procedures for agency initiated permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(3), or according to the permit modification procedures of WAC 173-303-830(4). (3) Incorporation of a regulated unit within a CAMU. (a) The director may designate a regulated unit (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) as a CAMU, or may incorporate a regulated unit into a CAMU, if: (i) The regulated unit is closed or closing, meaning it has begun the closure process under WAC 173-303-610(4) or 40 CFR Part 265.113, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a); and (ii) Inclusion of the regulated unit will enhance implementation of effective, protective and reliable remedial actions at the facility. (b) The requirements of WAC 173-303-610, 173-303-620, 173-303-645, and the unit specific requirements of WAC 173-303-650 through 173-303-680 that applied to the regulated unit will continue to apply to the portion of the CAMU into which the regulated unit was incorporated. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64640, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64650 Corrective action management unit (CAMU). (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, CAMUs are subject to the requirements of this section and WAC 173-303-64660 and 173-303-64670. (2) CAMUs that were approved before April 22, 2002, or for which substantially complete applications (or equivalents) were submitted to the department on or before November 20, 2000, are subject to the requirements in WAC 173-303-64640 for grandfathered CAMUs; CAMU waste, activities, and design will not be subject to the standards in WAC 173-303-64650 and 173-303-64660, so long as the waste, activities, and design remain within the general scope of the CAMU as approved. (3) In accordance with the requirements of this section, the applicable portions of WAC 173-303-64610 through173-303-64630 , and with WAC 173-303-64660, the department may designate an area at a facility as a corrective action management unit for the purpose of treating, storing or disposing of CAMU-eligible waste that originates at the same facility in order to implement remedies under this section or to implement other cleanup actions. Corrective action management unit means an area within a facility that is used only for managing CAMU-eligible wastes for implementing corrective action or cleanup at the facility. A CAMU must be located within the contiguous property under the control of the owner or operator where the wastes to be managed in the CAMU originated. One or more CAMUs may be designated at a facility. (a) CAMU-eligible waste means: (i) All solid and dangerous wastes, and all media (including ground water, surface water, soils, and sediments) and debris, that are managed for implementing cleanup. As-generated wastes (either dangerous or nondangerous) from ongoing industrial operations at a site are not CAMU-eligible wastes. (ii) Wastes that would otherwise meet the description in (a)(i) of this subsection are not "CAMU-Eligible Wastes" where: (A) The wastes are dangerous wastes found during cleanup in intact or substantially intact containers, tanks, or other nonland-based units found above ground, unless the wastes are first placed in the tanks, containers or nonland-based units as part of cleanup, or the containers or tanks are excavated during the course of cleanup; or (B) The department exercises the discretion in (b) of this subsection to prohibit the wastes from management in a CAMU. (iii) Notwithstanding (a)(i) of this subsection, where appropriate, as-generated nondangerous waste may be placed in a CAMU where such waste is being used to facilitate treatment or the performance of the CAMU. (b) The department may prohibit, where appropriate, the placement of waste in a CAMU where the department has or receives information that such wastes have not been managed in compliance with applicable land disposal treatment standards of WAC 173-303-140(2), or applicable unit design requirements of WAC 173-303-600 through 173-303-695, or applicable unit design requirements of WAC 173-303-400, or that noncompliance with other applicable requirements of this chapter likely contributed to the release of the waste. (c) Prohibition against placing liquids in CAMUs. (i) The placement of bulk or noncontainerized liquid dangerous waste or free liquids contained in dangerous waste (whether or not sorbents have been added) in any CAMU is prohibited except where placement of such wastes facilitates the remedy selected for the waste. (ii) The requirements in WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(ii) for placement of containers holding free liquids in landfills apply to placement in a CAMU except where placement facilitates the remedy selected for the waste. (iii) The placement of any liquid which is not a dangerous waste in a CAMU is prohibited unless such placement facilitates the remedy selected for the waste or a demonstration is made pursuant to WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(v). (iv) The absence or presence of free liquids in either a containerized or a bulk waste must be determined in accordance with WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(iii). Sorbents used to treat free liquids in CAMUs must meet the requirements of WAC 173-303-140 (4)(b)(iv). (d) Placement of CAMU-eligible waste into or within a CAMU does not constitute land disposal of dangerous waste. (e) Consolidation or placement of CAMU-eligible waste into or within a CAMU does not constitute creation of a unit subject to minimum technology requirements. (4) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the department's existing authorities, including authority under chapter 70.105D RCW, to address clean-up levels, media-specific points of compliance, or other remedy selection decisions. (5) Designation of a CAMU will not in any way affect the timing or scope of review of any actions taken under the Model Toxics Control Act pursuant to WAC 173-303-64630 to fulfill the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 or the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-645. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64650, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64660 Designation of a corrective action management unit. (1) The department must designate a CAMU that will be used for storage and/or treatment only in accordance with subsection (4) of this section. When designating all other CAMUs, the department will do so in accordance with WAC 173-303-64650 and 173-303-64670, and the following: (a) The CAMU will facilitate the implementation of reliable, effective, protective, and cost-effective remedies; (b) Waste management activities associated with the CAMU will not create unacceptable risks to humans or the environment resulting from exposure to dangerous wastes or dangerous constituents; (c) The CAMU will include uncontaminated areas of the facility only if including such areas for the purposes of managing CAMU-eligible wastes is more protective than management of such wastes at contaminated areas of the facility; (d) Areas within the CAMU where wastes remain in place after closure of the CAMU, will be managed and contained so as to minimize future releases of dangerous wastes and dangerous constituents to the extent practicable; (e) When appropriate and practicable, the CAMU will expedite the timing of remedial activity implementation; (f) The CAMU will enable the use, when appropriate, of treatment technologies (including innovative technologies) to enhance the long-term effectiveness of remedial actions by reducing the toxicity, mobility, or volume of wastes that will remain in place after closure of the CAMU; and (g) The CAMU will, to the extent practicable, minimize the land area of the facility upon which wastes will remain in place after closure of the CAMU. (2) The owner/operator must provide sufficient information to enable the department to designate a CAMU in accordance with the criteria in this section. This must include, unless not reasonably available, information on: (a) The origin of the waste and how it was subsequently managed (including a description of the timing and circumstances surrounding the disposal and/or release); (b) Whether the waste was listed or identified as dangerous at the time of disposal and/or release; and (c) Whether the disposal and/or release of the waste occurred before or after the land disposal requirements of 40 CFR part 268, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), or, if the waste is a state-only dangerous waste, the land disposal restrictions of WAC 173-303-140 (2)(b), were in effect for the waste listing, characteristic, or criterion. (3) When designating a CAMU, the department will specify, in the permit or order, requirements for the CAMU including the following: (a) The areal configuration of the CAMU; (b) Except as provided in subsection (5) of this section, requirements for CAMU-eligible waste management within the CAMU including specification of applicable design, operation, treatment, and closure requirements; (c) Minimum design requirements. CAMUs, except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, into which wastes are placed must be designed in accordance with the following: (i) Unless the department approves alternate requirements under (c)(ii) of this subsection, CAMUs that consist of new, replacement, or laterally expanded units must include a composite liner and a leachate collection system that is designed and constructed to maintain less than a 30-cm depth of leachate over the liner. For purposes of this subsection, composite liner means a system consisting of two components; the upper component must consist of a minimum 30-mil flexible membrane liner (FML) (geomembrane), and the lower component must consist of at least a two-foot layer of compacted soil with a hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1x10-7 cm/sec. FML components consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE) must be at least 60 mil thick. The FML component must be installed in direct and uniform contact with the compacted soil component; (ii) Alternate requirements. The department may approve alternate requirements if: (A) The department finds that alternate design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituents into the ground water or surface water at least as effectively as the liner and leachate collection systems in (c)(i) of this subsection; or (B) The CAMU is to be established in an area with existing significant levels of contamination, and the department finds that an alternative design, including a design that does not include a liner, would prevent migration from the unit that would exceed long-term remedial goals. (d) Minimum treatment requirements: Unless the wastes will be placed in a CAMU for storage and/or treatment only in accordance with subsection (4) of this section, CAMU-eligible wastes that, absent this subsection, would be subject to the treatment requirements of WAC 173-303-140(2), and that the department determines contain principal hazardous constituents must be treated to the standards specified in (d)(iii) of this subsection. (i) Principal hazardous constituents are those constituents that the department determines pose a risk to human health and the environment substantially higher than the cleanup levels or goals at the site. (A) In general, the department will designate as principal hazardous constituents: (I) Carcinogens that pose a potential direct risk from ingestion or inhalation at the site at or above 10-3; and (II) Noncarcinogens that pose a potential direct risk from ingestion or inhalation at the site an order of magnitude or greater over their reference dose. (B) The department will also designate constituents as principal hazardous constituents, where appropriate, when risks to human health and the environment posed by the potential migration of constituents in wastes to ground water are substantially higher than cleanup levels or goals at the site; when making such a designation, the department may consider such factors as constituent concentrations, and fate and transport characteristics under site conditions. (C) The department may also designate other constituents as principal hazardous constituents that the department determines pose a risk to human health and the environment substantially higher than the cleanup levels or goals at the site. (ii) In determining which constituents are "principal hazardous constituents," the department must consider all constituents which, absent this section, would be subject to the treatment requirements of WAC 173-303-140(2). (iii) Waste that the department determines contains principal hazardous constituents must meet treatment standards determined in accordance with (d)(iv) or (v) of this subsection. (iv) Treatment standards for wastes placed in CAMUs. (A) For nonmetals, treatment must achieve 90 percent reduction in total principal hazardous constituent concentrations, except as provided by (d)(iv)(C) of this subsection. (B) For metals, treatment must achieve 90 percent reduction in principal hazardous constituent concentrations as measured in leachate from the treated waste or media (tested according to the TCLP) or 90 percent reduction in total constituent concentrations (when a metal removal treatment technology is used), except as provided by (d)(iv)(C) of this subsection. (C) When treatment of any principal hazardous constituent to a 90 percent reduction standard would result in a concentration less than 10 times the Universal Treatment Standard for that constituent, treatment to achieve constituent concentrations less than 10 times the Universal Treatment Standard is not required. Universal Treatment Standards are identified in 40 CFR 268.48 Table UTS, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a). (D) For waste exhibiting the dangerous characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity, the waste must also be treated to eliminate these characteristics. (E) For debris, the debris must be treated in accordance with 40 CFR 268.45, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), or by methods or to levels established under (d)(iv)(A) through (D) of this subsection or (d)(v) of this subsection, whichever the department determines is appropriate. (F) Alternatives to TCLP. For metal bearing wastes for which metals removal treatment is not used, the department may specify a leaching test other than the TCLP (SW846 Method 1311, WAC 173-303-110 (3)(a)) to measure treatment effectiveness, provided the department determines that an alternative leach testing protocol is appropriate for use, and that the alternative more accurately reflects conditions at the site that affect leaching. (v) Adjusted standards. The department may adjust the treatment level or method in (d)(iv) of this subsection to a higher or lower level, based on one or more of the following factors, as appropriate. The adjusted level or method must be protective of human health and the environment: (A) The technical impracticability of treatment to the levels or by the methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection; (B) The levels or methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection would result in concentrations of principal hazardous constituents (PHCs) that are significantly above or below cleanup standards applicable to the site (established either site-specifically, or promulgated under state or federal law); (C) The views of the affected local community on the treatment levels or methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection as applied at the site, and, for treatment levels, the treatment methods necessary to achieve these levels; (D) The short-term risks presented by the on-site treatment method necessary to achieve the levels or treatment methods in (d)(iv) of this subsection; (E) The long-term protection offered by the engineering design of the CAMU and related engineering controls: (I) Where the treatment standards in (d)(iv) of this subsection are substantially met and the principal hazardous constituents in the waste or residuals are of very low mobility; or (II) Where cost-effective treatment has been used and the CAMU meets the liner and leachate collection requirements for new land disposal units at WAC 173-303-665 (2)(h) and (j); or (III) Where, after review of appropriate treatment technologies, the department determines that cost-effective treatment is not reasonably available, and the CAMU meets the liner and leachate collection requirements for new land disposal units at WAC 173-303-665 (2)(h) and (j); or (IV) Where cost-effective treatment has been used and the principal hazardous constituents in the treated wastes are of very low mobility; or (V) Where, after review of appropriate treatment technologies, the department determines that cost-effective treatment is not reasonably available, the principal hazardous constituents in the wastes are of very low mobility, and either the CAMU meets or exceeds the liner standards for new, replacement, or laterally expanded CAMUs in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection, or the CAMU provides substantially equivalent or greater protection. (vi) The treatment required by the treatment standards must be completed prior to, or within a reasonable time after, placement in the CAMU. (vii) For the purpose of determining whether wastes placed in CAMUs have met site-specific treatment standards, the department may, as appropriate, specify a subset of the principal hazardous constituents in the waste as analytical surrogates for determining whether treatment standards have been met for other principal dangerous constituents. This specification will be based on the degree of difficulty of treatment and analysis of constituents with similar treatment properties. (e) Except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, requirements for ground water and vadose zone monitoring and corrective action that are sufficient to: (i) Continue to detect and to characterize the nature, extent, concentration, direction, and movement of existing releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents in ground water from sources located within the CAMU; and (ii) Detect and subsequently characterize releases of dangerous waste and dangerous constituents to ground water that may occur from areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure. (iii) Require notification to the department and corrective action as necessary to protect human health and the environment for releases to ground water from the CAMU. (f) Except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, requirements for closure will minimize the need for further maintenance; and control, minimize, or eliminate, to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, for areas where wastes remain in place, post-closure escape of dangerous wastes, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, or dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, to ground waters, to surface waters, or to the atmosphere. (i) Requirements for closure will include, as appropriate and deemed necessary by the department, the following: (A) Requirements for excavation, removal, treatment, and/or containment of wastes; and (B) Requirements for removal and decontamination of equipment, devices, and structures used in CAMU-eligible waste management activities within the CAMU. (ii) In establishing closure requirements for CAMUs under subsection (3) of this section, the department will consider the following factors: (A) CAMU characteristics; (B) Volume of wastes which will remain in place after CAMU closure; (C) Potential for releases from the CAMU; (D) Physical and chemical characteristics of the waste; (E) Hydrological and other relevant environmental conditions at the facility which may influence the migration of any potential or actual releases in and/or from the CAMU; and (F) Potential for exposure of humans and environmental receptors if releases were to occur at or from the CAMU. (iii) Cap requirements: (A) At final closure of the CAMU, for areas in which wastes will remain after closure of the CAMU, with constituent concentrations at or above remedial levels or goals applicable to the site, the owner or operator must cover the CAMU with a final cover designed and constructed to meet the following performance criteria, except as provided in (f)(iii)(B) of this subsection: (I) Provide long-term minimization of migration of liquids through the closed unit; (II) Function with minimum maintenance; (III) Promote drainage and minimize erosion or abrasion of the cover; (IV) Accommodate settling and subsidence so that the cover's integrity is maintained; and (V) Have a permeability less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or natural subsoils present. (B) The department may determine that modifications to (f)(iii)(A) of this subsection are needed to facilitate treatment or the performance of the CAMU (e.g., to promote biodegradation). (iv) The department will, for areas of the CAMU in which wastes will remain in place after CAMU closure, specify post-closure requirements to control, minimize, or eliminate, to the extent necessary to protect human health and the environment, post-closure escape of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, leachate, contaminated runoff, and dangerous waste decomposition products to the ground, to ground waters, to surface waters, and to the atmosphere. Such post-closure requirements will include, as necessary to protect human health and the environment, monitoring and maintenance activities and the frequency with which such activities will be performed to ensure the integrity of any cap, final cover, or other containment system. (4) CAMUs used for storage and/or treatment only are CAMUs in which wastes will not remain after closure. Such CAMUs must be designated in accordance with all of the requirements of this subsection, except as follows. (a) CAMUs that are used for storage and/or treatment only and that operate in accordance with the time limits established in the staging pile regulations at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(iii), (h), and (i) are subject to the requirements for staging piles at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(i) and (ii), § 264.554 (d)(2), § 264.554 (e) and (f), and § 264.554 (j) and (k) in lieu of the performance standards and requirements for CAMUs in this section at subsections (1) and (3)(c) through (f). The staging pile requirements of 40 CFR Part 264.554 are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-64690. (b) CAMUs that are used for storage and/or treatment only and that do not operate in accordance with the time limits established in the staging pile regulations at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(iii), (h), and (i), which are incorporated by reference: (i) Must operate in accordance with a time limit, established by the department, that is no longer than necessary to achieve a timely remedy selected for the waste; and (ii) Are subject to the requirements for staging piles at 40 CFR 264.554 (d)(1)(i) and (ii), 264.554 (d)(2), 264.554 (e) and (f), and 264.554 (j) and (k) in lieu of the performance standards and requirements for CAMUs in this section at subsections (1) and (3)(d) and (f). (5) CAMUs into which wastes are placed where all wastes have constituent levels at or below remedial levels or goals applicable to the site do not have to comply with the requirements for liners at subsection (3)(c)(i) of this section, caps at subsection (3)(f)(iii) of this section, ground water monitoring requirements at subsection (3)(e) of this section or, for treatment and/or storage-only CAMUs, the design standards at subsection (4) of this section. (6) The department must provide public notice and a reasonable opportunity for public comment before designating a CAMU. Such a notice will include the rationale for any proposed adjustments under subsection (3)(d)(v) of this section to the treatment standards in subsection (3)(d)(iv) of this section. (7) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the department may impose additional requirements as necessary to protect human health and the environment. (8) Incorporation of the designation of and requirements for a CAMU into a existing permit must be approved by the department according to the procedures for agency initiated permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(3), or according to the permit modification procedures of WAC 173-303-830(4). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64660, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64670 Incorporation of a regulated unit within a CAMU. (1) The department may designate a regulated unit (as defined in WAC 173-303-040) as a CAMU, or may incorporate a regulated unit into a CAMU, if: (a) The regulated unit is closed or closing, meaning it has begun the closure process under WAC 173-303-610(4) or 40 CFR Part 265.113, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a); and (b) Inclusion of the regulated unit will enhance implementation of effective, protective and reliable remedial actions at the facility. (2) The requirements of WAC 173-303-610, 173-303-620, 173-303-645, and the unit specific requirements of WAC 173-303-650 through 173-303-680 that applied to the regulated unit will continue to apply to the portion of the CAMU into which the regulated unit was incorporated. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64670, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64680 Temporary units (TUs). (1) In accordance with the requirements of this subsection, the department may designate a tank or container storage area at a facility as a temporary unit for the purpose of treating or storing remediation waste that originates at the same facility in order to implement remedies under this section or to implement other cleanup actions. The department may replace the design, operating and closure standards applicable to dangerous waste tank and container treatment and storage units under this chapter with alternative requirements that protect human health and the environment. (2) Any temporary unit to which alternative requirements are applied in accordance with subsection (1) of this section will be: (a) Located within the facility boundary; and (b) Used only for treatment or storage of remediation wastes managed pursuant to implementation of the corrective action requirements of WAC 173-303-64620 at the facility. (3) In establishing standards to be applied to a temporary unit, the department will consider the following factors: (a) Length of time unit will be in operation; (b) Type of unit; (c) Volumes of wastes to be managed; (d) Physical and chemical characteristics of the wastes to be managed in the unit; (e) Potential for releases from the unit; (f) Hydrogeological and other relevant environmental conditions at the facility which may influence the migration of any potential releases; and (g) Potential for exposure of humans and environmental receptors if releases were to occur from the unit. (4) The department will specify the length of time, not to exceed one year, a temporary unit will be allowed to operate. The director will also specify design, operating, and closure requirements for the temporary unit. (5) The department may extend the operating period of a temporary unit for up to one additional year, provided the director determines that: (a) Continued operation of the unit will not pose a threat to human health and the environment; and (b) Continued operation of the unit is necessary to ensure timely and efficient implementation of remedial actions at the facility. (6) Incorporation of the designation of and requirements for a temporary unit or a time extension for a temporary unit into an existing permit will be: (a) Approved in accordance with the procedures for agency-initiated permit modifications under WAC 173-303-830(3); or (b) Requested by the owner or operator as a Class II modification according to the procedures under WAC 173-303-830(4). (7) The department will document the rationale for designating a temporary unit and for granting time extensions for temporary units and will make such documentation available to the public. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64680, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-64690 Staging piles. The requirements for staging piles in 40 CFR Part 264.554 are incorporated by reference. The word "director" in 40 CFR means "department." [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-64690, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-646910 Disposal of CAMU-eligible wastes into permitted dangerous waste landfills. (1) The department may approve placement of CAMU-eligible wastes in dangerous waste landfills not located at the site from which the waste originated, without the wastes meeting the requirements of WAC 173-303-140(2), if the conditions in (a) through (c) of this subsection are met: (a) The waste meets the definition of CAMU-eligible waste in WAC 173-303-64650 (3)(a) and (b). (b) The department identifies principal hazardous constituents in such waste, in accordance with WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(i) and (ii), and requires that such principal hazardous constituents are treated to any of the following standards specified for CAMU-eligible wastes: (i) The treatment standards under WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(iv); or (ii) Treatment standards adjusted in accordance with WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(v)(A), (C), (D) or (E)(I); or (iii) Treatment standards adjusted in accordance with WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(v)(E)(II), where treatment has been used and that treatment significantly reduces the toxicity or mobility of the principal hazardous constituents in the waste, minimizing the short-term and long-term threat posed by the waste, including the threat at the remediation site. (c) The landfill receiving the CAMU-eligible waste must have a dangerous waste permit, meet the requirements for new landfills in WAC 173-303-665, and be authorized to accept CAMU-eligible wastes; for the purposes of this requirement, "permit" does not include interim status. (2) The person seeking approval must provide sufficient information to enable the department to approve placement of CAMU-eligible waste in accordance with subsection (1) of this section. Information required by WAC 173-303-64660 (2)(a) through (c) for CAMU applications must be provided, unless not reasonably available. (3) The department must provide public notice and a reasonable opportunity for public comment before approving CAMU-eligible waste for placement in an off-site permitted dangerous waste landfill, consistent with the requirements for CAMU approval at WAC 173-303-64660(6). The approval must be specific to a single remediation. (4) Applicable dangerous waste management requirements, including recordkeeping requirements to demonstrate compliance with treatment standards approved under this section, for CAMU-eligible waste must be incorporated into the receiving facility permit through permit issuance or a permit modification, providing notice and an opportunity for comment and a hearing. Notwithstanding WAC 173-303-810(8), a landfill may not receive CAMU-eligible waste under this subsection unless its permit specifically authorizes receipt of such waste. (5) For each remediation, CAMU-eligible waste may not be placed in an off-site landfill authorized to receive CAMU-eligible waste in accordance with subsection (4) of this section until the following additional conditions have been met: (a) The landfill owner/operator notifies the department responsible for oversight of the landfill and persons on the facility mailing list, maintained in accordance with WAC 173-303-840 (3)(e)(i)(D), of his or her intent to receive CAMU-eligible waste in accordance with this section; the notice must identify the source of the remediation waste, the principal hazardous constituents in the waste, and treatment requirements. (b) Persons on the facility mailing list may provide comments, including objections to the receipt of the CAMU-eligible waste, to the department within fifteen days of notification. (c) The department may object to the placement of the CAMU-eligible waste in the landfill within thirty days of notification; the department may extend the review period an additional thirty days because of public concerns or insufficient information. (d) CAMU-eligible wastes may not be placed in the landfill until the department has notified the facility owner/operator that he or she does not object to its placement. (e) If the department objects to the placement or does not notify the facility owner/operator that he or she has chosen not to object, the facility may not receive the waste, notwithstanding WAC 173-303-810(8), until the objection has been resolved, or the owner/operator obtains a permit modification in accordance with the procedures of WAC 173-303-830(4) specifically authorizing receipt of the waste. (f) As part of the permit issuance or permit modification process of subsection (4) of this section, the department may modify, reduce, or eliminate the notification requirements of this subsection as they apply to specific categories of CAMU-eligible waste, based on minimal risk. (6) Generators of CAMU-eligible wastes sent off site to a dangerous waste landfill under this subsection must comply with the requirements of 40 CFR 268.7 (a)(4), which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140(2); off-site facilities treating CAMU-eligible wastes to comply with this section must comply with the requirements of Sec. 268.7 (b)(4), which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-140(2), except that the certification must be with respect to the treatment requirements of subsection (1)(b) of this section. (7) For the purposes of this subsection only, the "design of the CAMU" in WAC 173-303-64660 (3)(d)(v)(E) means design of the permitted dangerous waste landfill. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-646910, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-646920 Disposal of CAMU-eligible wastes into permitted hazardous waste landfills located outside Washington. Notwithstanding any provision of WAC 173-303-646910, the department may approve placement of CAMU-eligible wastes in hazardous waste landfills located outside of the state of Washington if the landfill receiving the CAMU-eligible waste is authorized to accept CAMU-eligible wastes pursuant to 40 CFR § 264.555 or pursuant to EPA-approved state regulations implementing 40 CFR § 264.555, and the conditions of WAC 173-303-646910 (1)(a), (b), (2), (3), and (6) are met. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-646920, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-650 Surface impoundments. (1) Applicability. The regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that use surface impoundments to treat, store, or dispose of dangerous waste. (2) Design and operating requirements. (a)(i) Any surface impoundment that is not covered by (j) of this subsection must have a liner for all portions of the impoundment (except for an existing portion of a surface impoundment). The liner must be designed, constructed, and installed to prevent any migration of wastes out of the impoundment to the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or surface water at any time during the active life (including the closure period) of the impoundment. The liner may be constructed of materials that may allow wastes to migrate into the liner (but not into the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or surface water) during the active life of the facility, provided that the impoundment is closed in accordance with subsection (6)(a)(i) of this section. For impoundments that will be closed in accordance with subsection (6)(a)(ii) of this section, the liner must be constructed of materials that can prevent wastes from migrating into the liner during the active life of the facility. The liner must be: (A) Constructed of materials that have appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and external hydrogeologic forces), physical contact with the waste or leachate to which they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation, and the stress of daily operation; (B) Placed upon a foundation or base capable of providing support to the liner and resistance to pressure gradients above and below the liner to prevent failure of the liner due to settlement, compression, or uplift; (C) Installed to cover all surrounding earth likely to be in contact with the waste or leachate; and (D) For EHW management, the owner or operator must submit an engineering report with their permit application under WAC 173-303-806(4) stating the basis for selecting the liner(s). The report must be certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer. (ii) The owner or operator of a new surface impoundment installed after October 31, 1984, and in which liquid EHW is managed must: (A) Install a double lined system which incorporates the specifications of subsection (3)(a), (b), and (c) of this section; and (B) Must comply with either the ground water monitoring requirements of WAC 173-303-645, or the unsaturated zone monitoring requirements of WAC 173-303-655(6). (b) The owner or operator will be exempted from the requirements of (a) of this subsection, if the department finds, based on a demonstration by the owner or operator, that alternate design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905, or which otherwise cause his wastes to be regulated under this chapter, into the ground water or surface water at any future time. In deciding whether to grant an exemption, the department will consider: (i) The nature and quantity of the wastes; (ii) The proposed alternate design and operation; (iii) The hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including the attenuative capacity and thickness of the liners and soils present between the impoundment and ground water or surface water; and (iv) All other factors which would influence the quality and mobility of the leachate produced and the potential for it to migrate to ground water or surface water. (c) A surface impoundment must be designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to prevent overtopping resulting from normal or abnormal operations; overfilling; wind and wave action; rainfall; run-on; malfunctions of level controllers, alarms, and other equipment; and human error. (d) A surface impoundment must be designed so that any flow of waste into the impoundment can be immediately shut off in the event of overtopping or liner failure. (e) A surface impoundment must be designed to repel birds. (f) A surface impoundment must have dikes that are designed, constructed, and maintained with sufficient structural integrity to prevent their failure. In ensuring structural integrity, it must not be presumed that the liner system will function without leakage during the active life of the unit. (g) Earthen dikes must be kept free of: (i) Perennial woody plants with root systems which could weaken its structural integrity; and (ii) Burrowing mammals which could weaken its structural integrity or create leaks through burrows. (h) Earthen dikes must have a protective cover, such as grass, shale or rock to minimize wind and water erosion and to preserve their structural integrity. (i) The department will specify in the permit all design and operating practices that are necessary to ensure that the requirements of this subsection are satisfied. (j) The owner or operator of each new surface impoundment unit on which construction commences after January 29, 1992, each lateral expansion of a surface impoundment unit on which construction commences after July 29, 1992, and each replacement of an existing surface impoundment unit that is to commence reuse after July 29, 1992, must install two or more liners and a leachate collection and removal system between such liners. "Construction commences" is as defined in WAC 173-303-040 under "existing TSD facility." (i) The liner system must include: (A) A top liner designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of dangerous constituents into such liner during the active life and post-closure care period; and (B) A composite bottom liner, consisting of at least two components. The upper component must be designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of dangerous constituents into this component during the active life and post-closure care period. The lower component must be designed and constructed of materials to minimize the migration of dangerous constituents if a breach in the upper component were to occur. The lower component must be constructed of at least 3 feet (91 cm) of compacted soil material with a hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1 x 10/-7/cm/sec. (ii) The liners must comply with (a)(i)(A), (B), and (C) of this subsection. (iii) The leachate collection and removal system between the liners, and immediately above the bottom composite liner in the case of multiple leachate collection and removal systems, is also a leak detection system. This leak detection system must be capable of detecting, collecting, and removing leaks of dangerous constituents at the earliest practicable time through all areas of the top liner likely to be exposed to waste or leachate during the active life and post-closure care period. The requirements for a leak detection system in this paragraph are satisfied by installation of a system that is, at a minimum: (A) Constructed with a bottom slope of one percent or more; (B) Constructed of granular drainage materials with a hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10/-1/cm/sec or more and a thickness of 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more; or constructed of synthetic or geonet drainage materials with a transmissivity of 3 x 10/-4/m2sec or more; (C) Constructed of materials that are chemically resistant to the waste managed in the surface impoundment and the leachate expected to be generated, and of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes and any waste cover materials or equipment used at the surface impoundment; (D) Designed and operated to minimize clogging during the active life and post-closure care period; and (E) Constructed with sumps and liquid removal methods (e.g., pumps) of sufficient size to collect and remove liquids from the sump and prevent liquids from backing up into the drainage layer. Each unit must have its own sump(s). The design of each sump and removal system must provide a method for measuring and recording the volume of liquids present in the sump and of liquids removed. (iv) The owner or operator will collect and remove pumpable liquids in the sumps to minimize the head on the bottom liner. (v) The owner or operator of a leak detection system that is not located completely above the seasonal high water table must demonstrate that the operation of the leak detection system will not be adversely affected by the presence of ground water. (k) The department may approve alternative design or operating practices to those specified in (j) of this subsection if the owner or operator demonstrates to the department that such design and operating practices, together with location characteristics: (i) Will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituent into the ground water or surface water at least as effectively as the liners and leachate collection and removal system specified in (j) of this subsection; and (ii) Will allow detection of leaks of dangerous constituents through the top liner at least as effectively. (l) The double liner requirement set forth in (j) of this subsection may be waived by the department for any monofill, if: (i) The monofill contains only dangerous wastes from foundry furnace emission controls or metal casting molding sand, and such wastes do not contain constituents which would render the wastes dangerous for reasons other than the toxicity characteristic in WAC 173-303-090(8) or the toxicity criteria at WAC 173-303-100(5); and (ii)(A) The monofill has at least one liner for which there is no evidence that such liner is leaking. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term "liner" means a liner designed, constructed, installed, and operated to prevent dangerous waste from passing into the liner at any time during the active life of the facility, or a liner designed, constructed, installed, and operated to prevent dangerous waste from migrating beyond the liner to adjacent subsurface soil, ground water, or surface water at any time during the active life of the facility. In the case of any surface impoundment which has been exempted from the requirements of (j) of this subsection on the basis of a liner designed, constructed, installed, and operated to prevent dangerous waste from passing beyond the liner, at the closure of such impoundment, the owner or operator must remove or decontaminate all waste residues, all contaminated liner material, and contaminated soil to the extent practicable. If all contaminated soil is not removed or decontaminated, the owner or operator of such impoundment will comply with appropriate post-closure requirements, including but not limited to ground water monitoring and corrective action; (B) The monofill is located more than one-quarter mile from an underground source of drinking water (as that term is defined in 40 CFR Section 144.3); and (C) The monofill is in compliance with generally applicable ground water monitoring requirements for facilities with permits under RCRA section 3005(c); or (iii) The owner or operator demonstrates that the monofill is located, designed and operated so as to assure that there will be no migration of any dangerous constituent into ground water or surface water at any future time. (m) The owner or operator of any replacement surface impoundment unit is exempt from (j) of this subsection if: (i) The existing unit was constructed in compliance with the design standards of sections 3004 (o)(1)(A)(i) and (o)(5) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and (ii) There is no reason to believe that the liner is not functioning as designed. (3) Reserve. (4) Monitoring and inspection. (a) During construction and installation, liners (except in the case of existing portions of surface impoundments exempt from subsection (2)(a)(i) of this section) and cover systems (e.g., membranes, sheets, or coatings) must be inspected for uniformity, damage, and imperfections (e.g., holes, cracks, thin spots, or foreign materials). Immediately after construction or installation: (i) Synthetic liners and covers must be inspected to ensure tight seams and joints and the absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (ii) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections including lenses, cracks, channels, root holes, or other structural nonuniformities that may cause an increase in the permeability of the liner or cover. (b) While a surface impoundment is in operation, it must be inspected weekly and after storms to detect evidence of any of the following: (i) Deterioration, malfunctions, or improper operation of overtopping control systems; (ii) Sudden drops in the level of the impoundment's contents; and (iii) Severe erosion or other signs of deterioration in dikes or other containment devices. (c) Prior to the issuance of a permit, and after any extended period of time (at least six months) during which the impoundment was not in service, the owner or operator must obtain a certification from a qualified engineer that the impoundment's dike, including that portion of any dike which provides freeboard, has structural integrity. The certification must establish, in particular, that the dike: (i) Will withstand the stress of the pressure exerted by the types and amounts of wastes to be placed in the impoundment; and (ii) Will not fail due to scouring or piping, without dependence on any liner system included in the surface impoundment construction. (d)(i) An owner or operator required to have a leak detection system under subsection (2)(j) or (k) of this section must record the amount of liquids removed from each leak detection system sump at least once each week during the active life and closure period. (ii) After the final cover is installed, the amount of liquids removed from each leak detection system sump must be recorded at least monthly. If the liquid level in the sump stays below the pump operating level for two consecutive months, the amount of liquids in the sumps must be recorded at least quarterly. If the liquid level in the sump stays below the pump operating level for two consecutive quarters, the amount of liquids in the sumps must be recorded at least semi annually. If at any time during the post-closure care period the pump operating level is exceeded at units on quarterly or semiannual recording schedules, the owner or operator must return to monthly recording of amounts of liquids removed from each sump until the liquid level again stays below the pump operating level for two consecutive months. (iii) "Pump operating level" is a liquid level proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department based on pump activation level, sump dimensions, and level that avoids backup into the drainage layer and minimizes head in the sump. (5) Emergency repairs; contingency plans. (a) A surface impoundment must be removed from service in accordance with (b) of this subsection when: (i) Unexpected changes of liquid levels occur; or (ii) The dike leaks. (b) When a surface impoundment must be removed from service as required by (a) of this subsection, the owner or operator must: (i) Immediately shut off the flow or stop the addition of wastes into the impoundment; (ii) Immediately contain any surface leakage which has occurred or is occurring; (iii) Immediately stop the leak; (iv) Take any other necessary steps to stop or prevent catastrophic failure; (v) Empty the impoundment, if a leak cannot be stopped by any other means; and (vi) Notify the department of the problem in writing within seven days after detecting the problem. (c) As part of the contingency plan required in WAC 173-303-340 through 173-303-360, the owner or operator must specify: (i) A procedure for complying with the requirements of (b) of this subsection; and (ii) A containment system evaluation and repair plan describing: Testing and monitoring techniques; procedures to be followed to evaluate the integrity of the containment system in the event of a possible failure; description of a schedule of actions to be taken in the event of a possible failure; and the repair techniques and materials (and their availability) to be used in the event of leakage due to containment system failure or deterioration which does not require the impoundment to be removed from service. (d) No surface impoundment that has been removed from service in accordance with the requirements of this section may be restored to service unless the portion of the impoundment which was failing is repaired and the following steps are taken: (i) If the impoundment was removed from service as the result of actual or imminent dike failure, the dike's structural integrity must be recertified in accordance with subsection (4)(c) of this section; (ii) If the impoundment was removed from service as the result of a sudden drop in the liquid level, then: (A) For any existing portion of the impoundment, a liner must be installed in compliance with subsection (2)(a)(i) or (3) of this section; and (B) For any other portion of the impoundment, the repaired liner system must be certified by a qualified engineer as meeting the design specifications approved in the permit. (e) A surface impoundment that has been removed from service in accordance with the requirements of this section and that is not being repaired must be closed in accordance with the provisions of subsection (6) of this section. (6) Closure and post-closure care. (a) At closure, the owner or operator must: (i) Remove or decontaminate all dangerous waste and dangerous waste residues, contaminated containment system components (liners, etc.), contaminated subsoils, and structures and equipment contaminated with dangerous waste and leachate, and manage them as dangerous waste; or (ii) If the surface impoundment will be closed as a landfill, except that this option is prohibited if EHW would remain in the closed unit(s): (A) Eliminate free liquids by removing liquid wastes or solidifying the remaining wastes and waste residues; (B) Stabilize remaining wastes to a bearing capacity sufficient to support a final cover; and (C) Cover the surface impoundment with a final cover designed and constructed to: (I) Provide long-term minimization of the migration of liquids through the closed impoundment with a material that has a permeability less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or natural subsoils present; (II) Function with minimum maintenance; (III) Promote drainage and minimize erosion or abrasion of the final cover; and (IV) Accommodate settling and subsidence so that the cover's integrity is maintained. (b) If some waste residues or contaminated materials are left in place at final closure (except that no EHW may ever be left in place), the owner or operator must comply with all post-closure requirements contained in WAC 173-303-610 (7), (8), (9), and (10), including maintenance and monitoring throughout the post-closure care period (specified in the permit). The owner or operator must: (i) Maintain the integrity and effectiveness of the final cover, including making repairs to the cap as necessary to correct the effects of settling, subsidence, erosion, or other events; (ii) Maintain and monitor the leak detection system in accordance with subsections (2)(j)(ii)(D) and (E), and (4)(d) of this section, and comply with all other applicable leak detection system requirements of this chapter; (iii) Maintain and monitor the ground water monitoring system and comply with all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-645; and (iv) Prevent run-on and runoff from eroding or otherwise damaging the final cover. (c)(i) If an owner or operator plans to close a surface impoundment in accordance with (a)(i) of this subsection, and the impoundment does not comply with the liner requirements of subsection (2)(a)(i) of this section, and is not exempt from them in accordance with subsection (2)(b) of this section, then: (A) The closure plan for the impoundment under WAC 173-303-610(3) must include both a plan for complying with (a)(i) of this subsection, and a contingent plan for complying with (a)(ii) of this subsection in case not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed at closure; and (B) The owner or operator must prepare a contingent post-closure plan under WAC 173-303-610(8) for complying with (b) of this subsection in case not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed at closure. (ii) The cost estimates calculated under WAC 173-303-620 (3) and (5) for closure and post-closure care of an impoundment subject to (c) of this subsection must include the cost of complying with the contingent closure plan and the contingent post-closure plan, but are not required to include the cost of expected closure under (a)(i) of this subsection. Reserve. (7) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste. Ignitable or reactive waste must not be placed in a surface impoundment, unless the waste and impoundment satisfy all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), and: (a) The waste is treated, rendered, or mixed before or immediately after placement in the impoundment so that: (i) The resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090; and (ii) WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with; or (b) The waste is managed in such a way that it is protected from any material or conditions which may cause it to ignite or react; or (c) The surface impoundment is used solely for emergencies. (8) Special requirements for incompatible wastes. Incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same surface impoundment, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with. (9) Special requirements for dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027. (a) The wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 must not be placed in a surface impoundment unless the owner or operator operates the surface impoundment in accordance with a management plan for these wastes that is approved by the department pursuant to the standards set out in this subsection, and in accord with all other applicable requirements of this section. The factors to be considered are: (i) The volume, physical, and chemical characteristics of the wastes, including their potential to migrate through soil or to volatilize or escape into the atmosphere; (ii) The attenuative properties of underlying and surrounding soils or other materials; (iii) The mobilizing properties of other materials co-disposed with these wastes; and (iv) The effectiveness of additional treatment, design, or monitoring techniques. (b) The department may determine that additional design, operating, and monitoring requirements are necessary in order to reduce the possibility of migration of these wastes to ground water, surface water, or air so as to protect human health and the environment. (10) Action leakage rate. (a) The department must approve an action leakage rate for surface impoundment units subject to WAC 173-303-650 (2)(j) or (k). The action leakage rate is the maximum design flow rate that the leak detection system (LDS) can remove without the fluid head on the bottom liner exceeding 1 foot. The action leakage rate must include an adequate safety margin to allow for uncertainties in the design (e.g., slope, hydraulic conductivity, thickness of drainage material), construction, operation, and location of the LDS, waste and leachate characteristics, likelihood and amounts of other sources of liquids in the LDS, and proposed response actions (e.g., the action leakage rate must consider decreases in the flow capacity of the system over time resulting from siltation and clogging, rib layover and creep of synthetic components of the system, overburden pressures, etc.). (b) To determine if the action leakage rate has been exceeded, the owner or operator must convert the weekly or monthly flow rate from the monitoring data obtained under WAC 173-303-650 (4)(d) to an average daily flow rate (gallons per acre per day) for each sump. Unless the department approves a different calculation, the average daily flow rate for each sump must be calculated weekly during the active life and closure period, and if the unit is closed in accordance with WAC 173-303-650 (6)(b), monthly during the post-closure care period when monthly monitoring is required under WAC 173-303-650 (4)(d). (11) Response actions. (a) The owner or operator of surface impoundment units subject to subsection (2)(j) or (k) of this section must have an approved response action plan before receipt of waste. The response action plan must set forth the actions to be taken if the action leakage rate has been exceeded. At a minimum, the response action plan must describe the actions specified in (b) of this subsection. (b) If the flow rate into the leak detection system exceeds the action leakage rate for any sump, the owner or operator must: (i) Notify the department in writing of the exceedance within seven days of the determination; (ii) Submit a preliminary written assessment to the department within fourteen days of the determination, as to the amount of liquids, likely sources of liquids, possible location, size, and cause of any leaks, and short-term actions taken and planned; (iii) Determine to the extent practicable the location, size, and cause of any leak; (iv) Determine whether waste receipt should cease or be curtailed, whether any waste should be removed from the unit for inspection, repairs, or controls, and whether or not the unit should be closed; (v) Determine any other short-term and longer-term actions to be taken to mitigate or stop any leaks; and (vi) Within thirty days after the notification that the action leakage rate has been exceeded, submit to the department the results of the analyses specified in (b) (iii), (iv), and (v) of this subsection, the results of actions taken, and actions planned. Monthly thereafter, as long as the flow rate in the leak detection system exceeds the action leakage rate, the owner or operator must submit to the department a report summarizing the results of any remedial actions taken and actions planned. (c) To make the leak and/or remediation determinations in (b)(iii), (iv), and (v) of this subsection, the owner or operator must: (i) Assess the source of liquids and amounts of liquids by source; (ii) Conduct a fingerprint, dangerous constituent, or other analyses of the liquids in the leak detection system to identify the source of liquids and possible location of any leaks, and the hazard and mobility of the liquid; and (iii) Assess the seriousness of any leaks in terms of potential for escaping into the environment; or (iv) Document why such assessments are not needed. (12) Air emission standards. The owner or operator must manage all hazardous waste placed in a surface impoundment in accordance with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR Subparts AA, BB, and CC, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-690 through 173-303-692. (13) Existing and newly regulated surface impoundments. The requirements of 3005 (j)(1) and (6) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, as amended, are incorporated by reference. Surface impoundments regulated for the first time by a listing or characteristic adopted after November 8, 1984, must comply with new unit requirements or stop dangerous waste activity by four years after the date of adoption of the new listing or characteristic. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-650, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-650, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-650, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-650, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-18-083 (Order 88-29), § 173-303-650, filed 9/6/88; 88-07-039 (Order 87-37), § 173-303-650, filed 3/11/88; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-650, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-650, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-650, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-655 Land treatment. (1) Applicability. The regulations in this subpart apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat or dispose of dangerous waste in land treatment units, except as WAC 173-303-600 provides otherwise. (2) Treatment program. (a) An owner or operator subject to this section must establish a land treatment program that is designed to ensure that dangerous constituents placed in or on the treatment zone are degraded, transformed, or immobilized within the treatment zone. The department will specify in the facility permit the elements of the treatment program, including: (i) The wastes that are capable of being treated at the unit based on a demonstration under subsection (3) of this section; (ii) Design measures and operating practices necessary to maximize the success of degradation, transformation, and immobilization processes in the treatment zone in accordance with subsection (4)(a) of this section; and (iii) Unsaturated zone monitoring provisions meeting the requirements of subsection (6) of this section. (b) The department will specify in the facility permit the dangerous constituents that must be degraded, transformed, or immobilized under this section. Dangerous constituents are constituents identified in WAC 173-303-9905, and any other constituents which, although not listed in WAC 173-303-9905, cause a waste to be regulated under this chapter, that are reasonably expected to be in, or derived from, waste placed in or on the treatment zone. (c) The department will specify the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the treatment zone in the facility permit. The treatment zone is the portion of the unsaturated zone below, and including, the land surface in which the owner or operator intends to maintain the conditions necessary for effective degradation, transformation, or immobilization of dangerous constituents. The maximum depth of the treatment zone must be: (i) No more than 1.5 meters (5 feet) below the initial soil surface; and (ii) More than 3 meters (10 feet) above the seasonal high water table; except that the owner or operator may demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that a distance of less than 3 meters will be adequate. In no case will the distance be less than 1 meter. (3) Treatment demonstration. (a) For each waste that will be applied to the treatment zone, the owner or operator must demonstrate, prior to application of the waste, that dangerous constituents in the waste can be completely degraded, transformed, or immobilized in the treatment zone. (b) In making this demonstration, the owner or operator may use field tests, laboratory analyses, available data, or, in the case of existing units, operating data. If the owner or operator intends to conduct field tests or laboratory analyses in order to make the demonstration required under (a) of this subsection, he must obtain a land treatment demonstration permit under WAC 173-303-808. The department will specify in this permit the testing, analytical, design, and operating requirements (including the duration of the tests and analyses, and, in the case of field tests, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the treatment zone, monitoring procedures, closure, and clean-up activities) necessary to meet the requirements in (c) of this subsection. (c) Any field test or laboratory analysis conducted in order to make a demonstration under (a) of this subsection must: (i) Accurately simulate the characteristics and operating conditions for the proposed land treatment unit including: (A) The characteristics of the waste and of dangerous constituents present; (B) The climate in the area; (C) The topography of the surrounding area; (D) The characteristics and depth of the soil in the treatment zone; and (E) The operating practices to be used at the unit; (ii) Be likely to show that dangerous constituents in the waste to be tested will be completely degraded, transformed, or immobilized in the treatment zone of the proposed land treatment unit; and (iii) Be conducted in a manner that protects human health and the environment considering: (A) The characteristics of the waste to be tested; (B) The operating and monitoring measures taken during the course of the test; (C) The duration of the test; (D) The volume of waste used in the test; and (E) In the case of field tests, the potential for migration of dangerous constituents to ground water or surface water. (4) Design and operating requirements. The department will specify in the facility permit how the owner or operator will design, construct, operate, and maintain the land treatment unit in compliance with this subsection. (a) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain the unit to maximize the degradation, transformation, and immobilization of dangerous constituents in the treatment zone. The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain the unit in accordance with all design and operating conditions that were used in the treatment demonstration under subsection (3) of this section. At a minimum, the department will specify in the facility permit: (i) The rate and method of waste application to the treatment zone; (ii) Measures to control soil pH; (iii) Measures to enhance microbial or chemical reactions (e.g., fertilization, tilling); and (iv) Measures to control the moisture content of the treatment zone. (b) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain the treatment zone to minimize runoff of dangerous constituents during the active life of the land treatment unit. (c) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing flow onto the treatment zone during peak discharge from at least a twenty-five-year storm. (d) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a runoff management system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a twenty-four-hour, twenty-five-year storm. (e) Collection and holding facilities (e.g., tanks or basins) associated with run-on and runoff control systems must be emptied or otherwise managed expeditiously and in accordance with this chapter after storms to maintain the design capacity of the system. (f) If the treatment zone contains particulate matter which may be subject to wind dispersal, the owner or operator must control wind dispersal. (g) The owner or operator must inspect the unit weekly and after storms to detect evidence of: (i) Deterioration, malfunctions, or improper operation of run-on and runoff control systems; and (ii) Improper functioning of wind dispersal control measures. (5) Food chain crops. The department may allow the growth of food chain crops in or on the treatment zone only if the owner or operator satisfies the conditions of this subsection. The department will specify in the facility permit the specific food chain crops which may be grown. (a)(i) The owner or operator must demonstrate that there is no substantial risk to human health caused by the growth of such crops in or on the treatment zone by demonstrating, prior to the planting of such crops, that dangerous constituents other than cadmium: (A) Will not be transferred to the food or feed portions of the crop by plant uptake or direct contact, and will not otherwise be ingested by food chain animals (e.g., by grazing); or (B) Will not occur in greater concentrations in or on the food or feed portions of crops grown on the treatment zone than in or on identical portions of the same crops grown on untreated soils under similar conditions in the same region. (ii) The owner or operator must make the demonstration required under (a)(i) of this subsection prior to the planting of crops at the facility for all dangerous constituents that are reasonably expected to be in, or derived from, waste placed in or on the treatment zone. (iii) In making such a demonstration, the owner or operator may use field tests, greenhouse studies, available data, or, in the case of existing units, operating data, and must: (A) Base the demonstration on conditions similar to those present in the treatment zone, including soil characteristics (e.g., pH, cation exchange capacity), specific wastes, application rates, application methods, and crops to be grown; and (B) Describe the procedures used in conducting any tests, including the sample selection criteria, sample size, analytical methods, and statistical procedures. (iv) If the owner or operator intends to conduct field tests or greenhouse studies in order to make the demonstration he must obtain a permit for conducting such activities. (b) The owner or operator must comply with the following conditions if cadmium is contained in wastes applied to the treatment zone; (i)(A) The pH of the waste and soil mixture must be 6.5 or greater at the time of each waste application, except for waste containing cadmium at concentrations of 2 mg/kg (dry weight) or less; (B) The annual application of cadmium from waste must not exceed 0.5 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) on land used for production of tobacco, leafy vegetables, or root crops grown for human consumption. For other food chain crops, the annual cadmium application rate must not exceed: Time period Annual Cd application rate (kilograms per hectare) Present to June 30, 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 July 1, 1984 to Dec. 31, 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 Beginning Jan. 1, 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 (C) The cumulative application of cadmium from waste must not exceed 5kg/ha if the waste and soil mixture has a pH of less than 6.5; and (D) If the waste and soil mixture has a pH of 6.5 or greater or is maintained at a pH of 6.5 or greater during crop growth, the cumulative application of cadmium from waste must not exceed: 5 kg/ha if soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) is less than 5 meq/100g; 10 kg/ha if soil CEC is 5-15 meq/100g; and 20 kg/ha if soil CEC is greater than 15 meq/100g; or (ii)(A) Animal feed must be the only food chain crop produced; (B) The pH of the waste and soil mixture must be 6.5 or greater at the time of waste application or at the time the crop is planted, whichever occurs later, and this pH level must be maintained whenever food chain crops are grown; (C) There must be an operating plan which demonstrates how the animal feed will be distributed to preclude ingestion by humans. The operating plan must describe the measures to be taken to safeguard against possible health hazards from cadmium entering the food chain, which may result from alternative land uses; and (D) Future property owners must be notified by a stipulation in the land record or property deed which states that the property has received waste at high cadmium application rates and that food chain crops must not be grown except in compliance with (b)(ii) of this subsection. (6) Unsaturated zone monitoring. An owner or operator subject to this section must establish an unsaturated zone monitoring program to discharge the responsibilities described in this subsection. (a) The owner or operator must monitor the soil and soil-pore liquid to determine whether dangerous constituents migrate out of the treatment zone. (i) The department will specify the dangerous constituents to be monitored in the facility permit. The dangerous constituents to be monitored are those specified under subsection (2)(b) of this section. (ii) The department may require monitoring for principal dangerous constituents (PDCs) in lieu of the constituents specified under subsection (2)(b) of this section. PDCs are dangerous constituents contained in the wastes to be applied at the unit that are the most difficult to treat, considering the combined effects of degradation, transformation, and immobilization. The department will establish PDCs if it finds, based on waste analyses, treatment demonstrations, or other data, that effective degradation, transformation, or immobilization of the PDCs will assure treatment at least equivalent levels for the other dangerous constituents in the wastes. (b) The owner or operator must install an unsaturated zone monitoring system that includes soil monitoring using soil cores and soil-pore liquid monitoring using devices such as lysimeters. The unsaturated zone monitoring system must consist of a sufficient number of sampling points at appropriate locations and depths to yield samples that: (i) Represent the quality of background soil-pore liquid quality and the chemical makeup of soil that has not been affected by leakage from the treatment zone; and (ii) Indicate the quality of soil-pore liquid and the chemical makeup of the soil below the treatment zone. (c) The owner or operator must establish a background value for each dangerous constituent to be monitored under (a) of this subsection. The permit will specify the background values for each constituent or specify the procedures to be used to calculate the background values. (i) Background soil values may be based on a one-time sampling at a background plot having characteristics similar to those of the treatment zone. (ii) Background soil-pore liquid values must be based on at least quarterly sampling for one year at a background plot having characteristics similar to those of the treatment zone. (iii) The owner or operator must express all background values in a form necessary for the determination of statistically significant increases under (f) of this subsection. (iv) In taking samples used in the determination of all background values, the owner or operator must use an unsaturated zone monitoring system that complies with (b)(i) of this subsection. (d) The owner or operator must conduct soil monitoring and soil-pore liquid monitoring immediately below the treatment zone. The department will specify the frequency and timing of soil and soil-pore liquid monitoring in the facility permit after considering the frequency, timing, and rate of waste application, and the soil permeability. The owner or operator must express the results of soil and soil-pore liquid monitoring in a form necessary for the determination of statistically significant increases under (f) of this subsection. (e) The owner or operator must use consistent sampling and analysis procedures that are designed to ensure sampling results that provide a reliable indication of soil-pore liquid quality and the chemical makeup of the soil below the treatment zone. At a minimum, the owner or operator must implement procedures and techniques for: (i) Sample collection; (ii) Sample preservation and shipment; (iii) Analytical procedures; and (iv) Chain of custody control. (f) The owner or operator must determine whether there is a statistically significant change over background values for any dangerous constituent to be monitored under (a) of this subsection, below the treatment zone each time he conducts soil monitoring and soil-pore liquid monitoring under (d) of this subsection. (i) In determining whether a statistically significant increase has occurred, the owner or operator must compare the value of each constituent, as determined under (d) of this subsection, to the background value for that constituent according to the statistical procedure specified in the facility permit under this subsection. (ii) The owner or operator must determine whether there has been a statistically significant increase below the treatment zone within a reasonable time period after completion of sampling. The department will specify that time period in the facility permit after considering the complexity of the statistical test and the availability of laboratory facilities to perform the analysis of soil and soil-pore liquid samples. (iii) The owner or operator must determine whether there is a statistically significant increase below the treatment zone using a statistical procedure that provides reasonable confidence that migration from the treatment zone will be identified. The department will specify a statistical procedure in the facility permit that it finds: (A) Is appropriate for the distribution of the data used to establish background values; and (B) Provides a reasonable balance between the probability of falsely identifying migration from the treatment zone and the probability of failing to identify real migration from the treatment zone. (g) If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (f) of this subsection, that there is a statistically significant increase of dangerous constituents below the treatment zone, he must: (i) Notify the department of his finding in writing within seven days. The notification must indicate what constituents have shown statistically significant increases; (ii) Within forty-five days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to amend the operating practices at the facility in order to maximize the success of degradation, transformation, or immobilization processes in the treatment zone; and (iii) Continue to monitor in accordance with the unsaturated zone monitoring program established under this subsection. (h) If the owner or operator determines, pursuant to (f) of this subsection, that there is a statistically significant increase of dangerous constituents below the treatment zone, he may demonstrate that a source other than regulated units caused the increase or that the increase resulted from an error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation. While the owner or operator may make a demonstration under this subsection, he is not relieved of the requirement to submit concurrently a permit modification application within the forty-five-day period, unless the demonstration made under this subsection successfully shows that a source other than regulated units caused the increase or that the increase resulted from an error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation. In making a demonstration under this subsection, the owner or operator must: (i) Notify the department in writing within seven days of determining a statistically significant increase below the treatment zone that he intends to make a demonstration under this subsection; (ii) Within forty-five days, submit a report to the department demonstrating that a source other than the regulated units caused the increase or that the increase resulted from error in sampling, analysis, or evaluation; (iii) Within forty-five days, submit to the department an application for a permit modification to make any appropriate changes to the unsaturated zone monitoring program at the facility; and (iv) Continue to monitor in accordance with the unsaturated zone monitoring program established under this subsection. (7) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator must include dangerous waste application dates and rates in the operating record required under WAC 173-303-380. (8) Closure and post-closure care. (a) During the closure period the owner or operator must: (i) Continue all operations (including pH control) necessary to maximize degradation, transformation, or immobilization of dangerous constituents within the treatment zone as required under subsection (4)(a) of this section, except to the extent such measures are inconsistent with (a)(viii) of this subsection; (ii) Continue all operations in the treatment zone to minimize runoff of dangerous constituents as required under subsection (4)(b) of this section; (iii) Maintain the run-on control system required under subsection (4)(c) of this section; (iv) Maintain the runoff management system required under subsection (4)(d) of this section; (v) Control wind dispersal of dangerous waste if required under subsection (4)(f) of this section; (vi) Continue to comply with any prohibitions or conditions concerning growth of food chain crops under subsection (5) of this section; (vii) Continue unsaturated zone monitoring in compliance with subsection (6) of this section, except that soil-pore liquid monitoring may be terminated ninety days after the last application of waste to the treatment zone; and (viii) Establish a vegetative cover on the portion of the facility being closed at such time that the cover will not substantially impede degradation, transformation, or immobilization of dangerous constituents in the treatment zone. The vegetative cover must be capable of maintaining growth without extensive maintenance. (b) For the purpose of complying with WAC 173-303-610(6) when closure is completed, the owner or operator may submit to the department a certification by an independent qualified soil scientist, in lieu of an independent, qualified registered professional engineer, that the facility has been closed in accordance with the specifications in the approved closure plan. (c) During the post-closure care period the owner or operator must: (i) Continue all operations (including pH control) necessary to enhance degradation and transformation and sustain immobilization of dangerous constituents in the treatment zone to the extent that such measures are consistent with other post-closure care activities; (ii) Maintain a vegetative cover over closed portions of the facility; (iii) Maintain the run-on control system required under subsection (4)(c) of this section; (iv) Maintain the runoff management system required under subsection (4)(d) of this section; (v) Control wind dispersal of dangerous waste, if required under subsection (4)(f) of this section; (vi) Continue to comply with any prohibitions or conditions concerning growth of food chain crops under subsection (5) of this section; and (vii) Continue unsaturated zone monitoring in compliance with subsection (6) of this section, except that soil-pore liquid monitoring may be terminated one hundred eighty days after the last application of waste to the treatment zone. (d) The owner or operator is not subject to regulation under (a)(viii) and (c) of this subsection, if the department finds that the level of dangerous constituents in the treatment zone soil does not exceed the background value of those constituents by an amount that is statistically significant when using the test specified in (d)(iii) of this subsection. The owner or operator may submit such a demonstration to the department at any time during the closure or post-closure care periods. For the purposes of this subsection: (i) The owner or operator must establish background soil values and determine whether there is a statistically significant increase over those values for all dangerous constituents specified in the facility permit under subsection (2)(b) of this section; (A) Background soil values may be based on a one-time sampling of a background plot having characteristics similar to those of the treatment zone; (B) The owner or operator must express background values and values for dangerous constituents in the treatment zone in a form necessary for the determination of statistically significant increases under (d)(iii) of this subsection; (ii) In taking samples used in the determination of background and treatment zone values, the owner or operator must take samples at a sufficient number of sampling points and at appropriate locations and depths to yield samples that represent the chemical makeup of soil that has not been affected by leakage from the treatment zone and the soil within the treatment zone, respectively; (iii) In determining whether a statistically significant increase has occurred, the owner or operator must compare the value of each constituent in the treatment zone to the background value for that constituent using a statistical procedure that provides reasonable confidence that constituent presence in the treatment zone will be identified. The owner or operator must use a statistical procedure that: (A) Is appropriate for the distribution of the data used to establish background values; and (B) Provides a reasonable balance between the probability of falsely identifying dangerous constituent presence in the treatment zone and the probability of failing to identify real presence in the treatment zone. (e) The owner or operator is not subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-645 if the department finds that the owner or operator satisfies (d) of this subsection, and if unsaturated zone monitoring under subsection (6) of this section, indicates that dangerous constituents have not migrated beyond the treatment zone during the active life of the land treatment unit. (9) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste. The owner or operator must not apply ignitable or reactive waste to the treatment zone unless the waste and the treatment zone meet all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), and: (a) The waste is immediately incorporated into the soil so that: (i) The resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090 (5) and (7); and (ii) WAC 173-303-395 is complied with; or (b) The waste is managed in such a way that it is protected from any material or conditions which may cause it to ignite or react. (10) Special requirements for incompatible wastes. The owner or operator must not place incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials, in or on the same treatment zone, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with. (11) Special requirements for extremely hazardous waste. Under no circumstances will EHW be allowed to remain in a closed land treatment unit after concluding the post-closure care period. If EHW remains at the end of the scheduled post-closure care period specified in the permit, then the department will either extend the post-closure care period, or require that all EHW be disposed of off-site or that it be treated. In deciding whether to extend post-closure care or require disposal or treatment, the department will take into account the likelihood that the waste will or will not continue to degrade in the land treatment unit to the extent that it is no longer EHW. For the purposes of this subsection, EHW will be considered to remain in a land treatment unit if representative samples of the treatment zone are designated as EHW. Procedures for representative sampling and testing will be specified in the permit. (12) Special requirements for dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027. (a) Dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 must not be placed in a land treatment unit unless the owner or operator operates the facility in accordance with a management plan for these wastes that is approved by the department pursuant to the standards set out in this subsection and in accord with all other applicable requirements of this chapter. The factors to be considered are: (i) The volume, physical, and chemical characteristics of the wastes including their potential to migrate through soil or to volatilize or escape into the atmosphere; (ii) The attenuative properties of underlying and surrounding soils or other materials; (iii) The mobilizing properties of other materials co-disposed with these wastes; and (iv) The effectiveness of additional treatment, design, or monitoring techniques. (b) The department may determine that additional design, operating, and monitoring requirements are necessary for land treatment facilities managing dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 in order to reduce the possibility of migration of these wastes to ground water, surface water, or air so as to protect human health and the environment. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-655, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-655, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-655, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-655, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-660 Waste piles. (1) Applicability. (a) The regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that store or treat dangerous waste in piles. (b) The regulations in this section do not apply to owners or operators of waste piles that will be closed with wastes left in place. Such waste piles are subject to regulation under WAC 173-303-665 (Landfills). (c) The owner or operator of any waste pile that is inside or under a structure that provides protection from precipitation so that neither runoff nor leachate is generated is not subject to regulation under subsection (2) of this section, or under WAC 173-303-645, provided that: (i) Liquids or materials containing free liquids are not placed in the pile; (ii) The pile is protected from surface water run-on by the structure or in some other manner; (iii) The pile is designed and operated to control dispersal of the waste by wind, by means other than wetting; and (iv) The pile will not generate leachate through decomposition or other reactions. (d) Reserve. (2) Design and operating requirements. (a) A waste pile (except for an existing portion of a waste pile) must have: (i) A liner that is designed, constructed, installed and maintained to prevent any migration of wastes out of the pile into the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or surface water at any time during the active life (including the closure period) of the waste pile. The liner may be constructed of materials that may allow waste to migrate into the liner itself (but not into the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or surface water) during the active life of the facility. The liner must be: (A) Constructed of materials that have appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and external hydrogeologic forces), physical contact with the waste or leachate to which they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation, and the stress of daily operation; (B) Placed upon a foundation or base capable of providing support to the liner and resistance to pressure gradients above and below the liner to prevent failure of the liner due to settlement, compression, or uplift; and (C) Installed to cover all surrounding earth likely to be in contact with the waste or leachate; and (ii) A leachate collection and removal system immediately above the liner that is designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to collect and remove leachate from the pile. The department will specify design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed 30 cm (one foot). The leachate collection and removal system must be: (A) Constructed of materials that are: (I) Chemically resistant to the waste managed in the pile and to the leachate expected to be generated; and (II) Of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlaying wastes, waste cover materials, and by any equipment used at the pile; and (B) Designed and operated to function without clogging through the scheduled closure of the waste pile. (b) A liner and leachate collection and removal system must be protected from plant growth which could adversely affect any component of the system. (c) The owner or operator must submit an engineering report with his permit application stating the basis for selecting the liner required in subsection (2)(a)(i) of this section. The statement must be certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer. (d) The owner or operator will be exempted from the requirements of (a), (b), and (c) of this subsection, if the department finds, based on a demonstration by the owner or operator, that alternate design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituents identified under WAC 173-303-645(4) into the ground water or surface water at any future time. In deciding whether to grant an exemption, the department will consider: (i) The nature and quantity of the wastes; (ii) The proposed alternate design and operation; (iii) The hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including attenuative capacity and thickness of the liners and soils present between the pile and ground water or surface water; and (iv) All other factors which would influence the quality and mobility of the leachate produced and the potential for it to migrate to ground water or surface water. (e) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing flow onto any portion of the pile during peak discharge from at least a twenty-five-year storm. (f) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a runoff management system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a twenty-four-hour, twenty-five-year storm. (g) Collection and holding facilities (e.g., tanks or basins) associated with run-on and runoff control systems must be emptied or otherwise managed expeditiously and in accordance with this chapter after storms to maintain design capacity of the system. (h) If the pile contains any particulate matter which may be subject to wind dispersal, the owner or operator must cover or otherwise manage the pile to control wind dispersal. (i) The department will specify in the permit all design and operating practices that are necessary to ensure that the requirements of this subsection are satisfied. (j) The owner or operator of each new waste pile unit on which construction commences after January 29, 1992, each lateral expansion of a waste pile unit on which construction commences after July 29, 1992, and each replacement of an existing waste pile unit that commences reuse after July 29, 1992, must install two or more liners and a leachate collection and removal system above and between such liners. "Construction commences" is as defined in WAC 173-303-040 under "existing facility." (i) The liner system must include: (A) A top liner designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of dangerous constituents into such liner during the active life and post-closure care period; and (B) A composite bottom liner, consisting of at least two components. The upper component must be designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of dangerous constituents into this component during the active life and post-closure care period. The lower component must be designed and constructed of materials to minimize the migration of dangerous constituents if a breach in the upper component were to occur. The lower component must be constructed of at least 3 feet (91 cm) of compacted soil material with a hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec. (C) The liners must comply with (a)(i), (A), (B), and (C) of this subsection. (ii) The leachate collection and removal system immediately above the top liner must be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained to collect and remove leachate from the waste pile during the active life and post-closure care period. The department will specify design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed twelve inches (30.5 cm). The leachate collection and removal system must comply with (j)(iii) (D) and (E) of this subsection. (iii) The leachate collection and removal system between the liners, and immediately above the bottom composite liner in the case of multiple leachate collection and removal systems, is also a leak detection system. This leak detection system must be capable of detecting, collecting, and removing leaks of dangerous constituents at the earliest practicable time through all areas of the top liner likely to be exposed to waste or leachate during the active life and post-closure care period. The requirements for a leak detection system in this paragraph are satisfied by installation of a system that is, at a minimum: (A) Constructed with a bottom slope of one percent or more; (B) Constructed of granular drainage materials with a hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10-2 cm/sec or more and a thickness of 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more; or constructed of synthetic or geonet drainage materials with a transmissivity of 3 x 10-5 m2/sec or more: (C) Constructed of materials that are chemically resistant to the waste managed in the waste pile and the leachate expected to be generated, and of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes, waste cover materials, and equipment used at the waste pile; (D) Designed and operated to minimize clogging during the active life and post-closure care period; and (E) Constructed with sumps and liquid removal methods (e.g., pumps) of sufficient size to collect and remove liquids from the sump and prevent liquids from backing up into the drainage layer. Each unit must have its own sump(s). The design of each sump and removal system must provide a method for measuring and recording the volume of liquids present in the sump and of liquids removed. (iv) The owner or operator will collect and remove pumpable liquids in the leak detection system sumps to minimize the head on the bottom liner. (v) The owner or operator of a leak detection system that is not located completely above the seasonal high water table must demonstrate that the operation of the leak detection system will not be adversely affected by the presence of ground water. (k) The department may approve alternative design or operating practices to those specified in (j) of this subsection if the owner or operator demonstrates to the department that such design and operating practices, together with location characteristics: (i) Will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituent into the ground water or surface water at least as effectively as the liners and leachate collection and removal systems specified in (c) of this subsection; and (ii) Will allow detection of leaks of dangerous constituents through the top liner at least as effectively. (l) Subitem (j) of this subsection does not apply to monofills that are granted a waiver by the department in accordance with WAC 173-303-650 (2)(l). (m) The owner or operator of any replacement waste pile unit is exempt from (j) of this subsection if: (i) The existing unit was constructed in compliance with the design standards of section 3004 (o)(1)(A)(i) and (o)(5) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and (ii) There is no reason to believe that the liner is not functioning as designed. (3) Action leakage rate. (a) The department must approve an action leakage rate for waste piles subject to subsection (2)(j) or (k) of this section. The action leakage rate is the maximum design flow rate that the leak detection system (LDS) can remove without the fluid head on the bottom liner exceeding 1 foot. The action leakage rate must include an adequate safety margin to allow for uncertainties in the design (e.g., slope, hydraulic conductivity, thickness of drainage material), construction, operation, and location of the LDS, waste and leachate characteristics, likelihood and amounts of other sources of liquids in the LDS, and proposed response actions (e.g., the action leakage rate must consider decreases in the flow capacity of the system over time resulting from siltation and clogging, rib layover and creep of synthetic components of the system, overburden pressures, etc.). (b) To determine if the action leakage rate has been exceeded, the owner or operator must convert the weekly flow rate from the monitoring data obtained under subsection (5)(c) of this section to an average daily flow rate (gallons per acre per day) for each sump. Unless the department approves a different calculation, the average daily flow rate for each sump must be calculated weekly during the active life and closure period. (4) Response actions. (a) The owner or operator of waste pile units subject to subsection (2)(j) or (k) of this section must have an approved response action plan before receipt of waste. The response action plan must set forth the actions to be taken if the action leakage rate has been exceeded. At a minimum, the response action plan must describe the actions specified in (b) of this subsection. (b) If the flow rate into the leak detection system exceeds the action leakage rate for any sump, the owner or operator must: (i) Notify the department in writing of the exceedance within seven days of the determination; (ii) Submit a preliminary written assessment to the department within fourteen days of the determination, as to the amount of liquids, likely sources of liquids, possible location, size, and cause of any leaks, and short-term actions taken and planned; (iii) Determine to the extent practicable the location, size, and cause of any leak; (iv) Determine whether waste receipt should cease or be curtailed, whether any waste should be removed from the unit for inspection, repairs, or controls, and whether or not the unit should be closed; (v) Determine any other short-term and long-term actions to be taken to mitigate or stop any leaks; and (vi) Within thirty days after the notification that the action leakage rate has been exceeded, submit to the department the results of the analyses specified in (b) of this subsection and in subsections (3), (4), and (5) of this section, the results of actions taken, and actions planned. Monthly thereafter, as long as the flow rate in the leak detection system exceeds the action leakage rate, the owner or operator must submit to the department a report summarizing the results of any remedial actions taken and actions planned. (c) To make the leak and/or remediation determinations in (b) (C), (D), and (E) of this subsection, the owner or operator must: (i)(A) Assess the source of liquids and amounts of liquids by source; (B) Conduct a fingerprint, dangerous constituent, or other analyses of the liquids in the leak detection system to identify the source of liquids and possible location of any leaks, and the hazard and mobility of the liquid; and (C) Assess the seriousness of any leaks in terms of potential for escaping into the environment; or (ii) Document why such assessments are not needed. (5) Monitoring and inspection. (a) During construction or installation, liners (except in the case of existing portions of piles exempt from subsection (2)(a) of this section), and cover systems (e.g., membranes, sheets, coatings) must be inspected for uniformity, damage, and imperfections (e.g., holes, cracks, thin spots, foreign materials). Immediately after construction or installation: (i) Synthetic liners and covers must be inspected to ensure tight seams and joints and the absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (ii) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections including lenses, cracks, channels, root holes, or other structural nonuniformities that may cause an increase in the permeability of the liner or cover. (b) While a waste pile is in operation, it must be inspected weekly and after storms to detect evidence of any of the following: (i) Deterioration, malfunctions, or improper operation of run-on and runoff control systems; (ii) Proper functioning of wind dispersal control systems; and (iii) The presence of leachate in and proper functioning of leachate collection and removal systems, where present. (c) An owner or operator required to have a leak detection system under subsection (2)(j) of this section must record the amount of liquids removed from each leak detection system sump at least once each week during the active life and closure period. (6) Containment system repairs -- Contingency plans. (a) Whenever there is any indication of a possible failure of the containment system, that system must be inspected in accordance with the provisions of the containment system evaluation and repair plan required by (d) of this subsection. Indications of possible failure of the containment system include liquid detected in the leachate detection system, evidence of leakage or the potential for leakage in the base, erosion of the base, or apparent or potential deterioration of the liner(s) based on observation or test samples of the liner materials. (b) Whenever there is a positive indication of a failure of the containment system, the waste pile must be removed from service. Indications of positive failure of the containment system include waste detected in the leachate detection system, or a breach (e.g., a hole, tear, crack, or separation) in the base. (c) If the waste pile must be removed from service as required by (b) of this subsection, the owner or operator must: (i) Immediately stop adding wastes to the pile; (ii) Immediately contain any leakage which has occurred or is occurring; (iii) Immediately cause the leak to be stopped; and (iv) If the leak cannot be stopped by any other means, remove the waste from the base. (d) As part of the contingency plan required in WAC 173-303-350, the owner or operator must specify: (i) A procedure for complying with the requirements of (c) of this subsection; and (ii) A containment system evaluation and repair plan describing: Testing and monitoring techniques; procedures to be followed to evaluate the integrity of the containment system in the event of a possible failure; a schedule of actions to be taken in the event of a possible failure; and a description of the repair techniques and materials (and their availability) to be used in the event of leakage due to containment system failure or deterioration which does not require the waste pile to be removed from service. For EHW piles, the owner or operator must submit with his permit application a statement signed by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer of the basis on which the evaluation and repair plan has been established. (e) No waste pile that has been removed from service pursuant to (b) of this subsection, may be restored to service unless: (i) The containment system has been repaired; and (ii) The containment system has been certified by a qualified engineer as meeting the design specifications approved in the permit. (f) A waste pile that has been removed from service pursuant to (b) of this subsection, and will not be repaired, must be closed in accordance with subsection (9) of this section. (7) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste. Ignitable or reactive waste must not be placed in a waste pile, unless the waste and waste pile satisfy all applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), and: (a) Addition of the waste to an existing pile results in the waste or mixture no longer meeting the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090, and complies with WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b); or (b)(i) The waste is managed in such a way that it is protected from any material or conditions which may cause it to ignite or react; and (ii) The generator complies with WAC 173-303-395 (1)(d). (8) Special requirements for incompatible wastes. (a) Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same pile, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with. (b) A pile of dangerous waste that is incompatible with any waste or other material stored nearby in other containers, piles, open tanks, or surface impoundments must be separated from the other materials, or protected from them by means of a dike, berm, wall, or other device. Piles of incompatible wastes must not be served by the same containment system. (c) Dangerous waste must not be piled on the same base where incompatible wastes or materials were previously piled, unless the base has been decontaminated sufficiently to ensure compliance with WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b). (9) Closure and post-closure care. (a) At closure, the owner or operator must remove or decontaminate all dangerous waste, waste residues, contaminated containment system components (liners, etc.), contaminated subsoils, and structures and equipment contaminated with waste and leachate, and manage them in accordance with this chapter. (b) If, after removing or decontaminating all residues and making all reasonable efforts regarding removal or decontamination of contaminated components, subsoils, structures, and equipment as required in (a) of this subsection, the owner or operator finds that not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed or decontaminated (except that no EHW may ever be left in place), he must close the facility and perform post-closure care in accordance with the closure and post-closure care requirements that apply to landfills, WAC 173-303-665(6). (c)(i) The owner or operator of a waste pile that does not comply with the liner requirements of subsection (2)(a)(i) of this section, and is not exempt from them in accordance with subsection (1)(c) or (2)(d) of this section, must: (A) Include in the closure plan for the pile under WAC 173-303-610(3) both a plan for complying with (a) of this subsection, and a contingent plan for complying with (b) of this subsection, in case not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed at closure; and (B) Prepare a contingent post-closure plan under WAC 173-303-610(8) for complying with (b) of this subsection, in case not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed at closure. (ii) The cost estimates calculated under WAC 173-303-620 (3) and (5) for closure and post-closure care of a pile must include the cost of complying with the contingent closure plan and the contingent post-closure plan but are not required to include the cost of expected closure under (a) of this subsection. (10) Special requirements for dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027. (a) Dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027 must not be placed in waste piles that are not enclosed (as defined in subsection (1)(c) of this section) unless the owner or operator operates the waste pile in accordance with a management plan for these wastes that is approved by the department pursuant to the standards set out in this subsection, and in accord with all other applicable requirements of this chapter. The factors to be considered are: (i) The volume, physical, and chemical characteristics of the wastes, including their potential to migrate through soil or to volatilize or escape into the atmosphere; (ii) The attenuative properties of underlying and surrounding soils or other materials; (iii) The mobilizing properties of other materials co-disposed with these wastes; and (iv) The effectiveness of additional treatment, design, or monitoring techniques. (b) The department may determine that additional design, operating, and monitoring requirements are necessary in order to reduce the possibility of migration of these wastes to ground water, to surface water, or air so as to protect human health and the environment. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-660, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-660, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 87-14-029 (Order DE-87-4), § 173-303-660, filed 6/26/87; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-660, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-660, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.95.260 and chapter 70.105 RCW. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-660, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-665 Landfills. (1) Applicability. The regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that dispose of dangerous waste in landfills, except as WAC 173-303-600 provides otherwise. No landfill will be permitted to dispose of EHW, except for the Hanford facility under WAC 173-303-700. (2) Design and operating requirements. (a) Any landfill that is not covered by (h) of this subsection must have a liner system for all portions of the landfill (except for an existing portion of a landfill). The liner system must have: (i) A liner that is designed, constructed, and installed to prevent any migration of wastes out of the landfill to the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or surface water at anytime during the active life (including the closure period) of the landfill. The liner must be constructed of materials that prevent wastes from passing into the liner during the active life of the facility. The owner or operator must submit an engineering report with his permit application under WAC 173-303-806(4) stating the basis for selecting the liner(s). The report must be certified by a licensed professional engineer. The liner must be: (A) Constructed of materials that have appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and external hydrogeologic forces), physical contact with the waste or leachate to which they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation, and the stress of daily operation; (B) Placed upon a foundation or base capable of providing support to the liner and resistance to pressure gradients above and below the liner to prevent failure of the liner due to settlement, compression, or uplift; and (C) Installed to cover all surrounding earth likely to be in contact with the waste or leachate; and (ii) A leachate collection and removal system immediately above the liner that is designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to collect and remove leachate from the landfill. The department will specify design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed 30 cm (one foot). The leachate collection and removal system must be: (A) Constructed of materials that are: (I) Chemically resistant to the waste managed in the landfill and the leachate expected to be generated; and (II) Of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes, waste cover materials, and by any equipment used at the landfill; and (B) Designed and operated to function without clogging through the scheduled closure of the landfill. (b) The owner or operator will be exempted from the requirements of (a) of this subsection, if the department finds, based on a demonstration by the owner or operator, that alternative design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituents into the ground water or surface water at any future time. In deciding whether to grant an exemption, the department will consider: (i) The nature and quantity of the wastes; (ii) The proposed alternate design and operation; (iii) The hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including the attenuative capacity and thickness of the liners and soils present between the landfill and ground water or surface water; and (iv) All other factors which would influence the quality and mobility of the leachate produced and the potential for it to migrate to ground water or surface water. (c) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing flow onto the active portion of the landfill during peak discharge from at least a twenty-five-year storm. (d) The owner or operator must design, construct, operate, and maintain a runoff management system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a twenty-four-hour, twenty-five-year storm. (e) Collection and holding facilities (e.g., tanks or basins) associated with run-on and runoff control systems must be emptied or otherwise managed expeditiously and in accordance with this chapter after storms to maintain design capacity of the system. (f) If the landfill contains any particulate matter which may be subject to wind dispersal, the owner or operator must cover or otherwise manage the landfill to control wind dispersal. (g) The department will specify in the permit all design and operating practices that are necessary to ensure that the requirements of this subsection are satisfied. (h) The owner or operator of each new landfill unit on which construction commences after January 29, 1992, each lateral expansion of a landfill unit on which construction commences after July 29, 1992, and each replacement of an existing landfill unit that commences reuse after July 29, 1992, must install two or more liners and a leachate collection and removal system above and between such liners. "Construction commences" is as defined in WAC 173-303-040 under "existing facility." (i) The liner system must: (A) Include a top liner designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of dangerous constituents into such liner during the active life and post-closure care period; and (B) Include a composite bottom liner, consisting of at least two components. The upper component must be designed and constructed of materials (e.g., a geomembrane) to prevent the migration of dangerous constituents into this component during the active life and post-closure care period. The lower component must be designed and constructed of materials to minimize the migration of dangerous constituents if a breach in the upper component were to occur. The lower component must be constructed of at least 3 feet (91 cm) of compacted soil material with a hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec. (C) The liners must comply with (a)(i)(A), (B), and (C) of this subsection. (ii) The leachate collection and removal system immediately above the top liner must be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained to collect and remove leachate from the landfill during the active life and post-closure care period. The department will specify design and operating conditions in the permit to ensure that the leachate depth over the liner does not exceed twelve inches (30.5 cm). The leachate collection and removal system must comply with (h)(iii) and (iv) of this subsection. (iii) The leachate collection and removal system between the liners, and immediately above the bottom composite liner in the case of multiple leachate collection and removal systems, is also a leak detection system. This leak detection system must be capable of detecting, collecting, and removing leaks of dangerous constituents at the earliest practicable time through all areas of the top liner likely to be exposed to waste or leachate during the active life and post-closure care period. The requirements for a leak detection system in this subsection are satisfied by installation of a system that is, at a minimum: (A) Constructed with a bottom slope of one percent or more; (B) Constructed of granular drainage materials with a hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10-2 cm/sec or more and a thickness of 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more; or constructed of synthetic or geonet drainage materials with a transmissivity of 3 x 10-5 m2/sec or more; (C) Constructed of materials that are chemically resistant to the waste managed in the landfill and the leachate expected to be generated, and of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlying wastes, waste cover materials, and equipment used at the landfill; (D) Designed and operated to minimize clogging during the active life and post-closure care period; and (E) Constructed with sumps and liquid removal methods (e.g., pumps) of sufficient size to collect and remove liquids from the sump and prevent liquids from backing up into the drainage layer. Each unit must have its own sump(s). The design of each sump and removal system must provide a method for measuring and recording the volume of liquids present in the sump and of liquids removed. (iv) The owner or operator will collect and remove pumpable liquids in the leak detection system sumps to minimize the head on the bottom liner. (v) The owner or operator of a leak detection system that is not located completely above the seasonal high water table must demonstrate that the operation of the leak detection system will not be adversely affected by the presence of ground water. (j) The department may approve alternative design or operating practices to those specified in (h) of this subsection if the owner or operator demonstrates to the department that such design and operating practices, together with location characteristics: (i) Will prevent the migration of any dangerous constituent into the ground water or surface water at least as effectively as the liners and leachate collection and removal systems specified in (c) of this subsection; and (ii) Will allow detection of leaks of dangerous constituents through the top liner at least as effectively. (k) The double liner requirement set forth in (h) of this subsection may be waived by the department for any monofill, if: (i) The monofill contains only dangerous wastes from foundry furnace emission controls or metal casting molding sand, and such wastes do not contain constituents which would render the wastes dangerous for reasons other than the toxicity characteristic in WAC 173-303-090(8), with dangerous waste numbers D004 through D017 or the toxicity criteria at WAC 173-303-100(5); and (ii)(A) The monofill has at least one liner for which there is no evidence that such liner is leaking; (B) The monofill is located more than one-quarter mile from an underground source of drinking water (as that term is defined in 40 CFR section 144.3); and (C) The monofill is in compliance with generally applicable ground water monitoring requirements for facilities with permits under RCRA 3005(c); or (D) The owner or operator demonstrates that the monofill is located, designed and operated so as to assure that there will be no migration of any dangerous constituent into ground water or surface water at any future time. (l) The owner or operator of any replacement landfill unit is exempt from (h) of this subsection if: (i) The existing unit was constructed in compliance with the design standards of section 3004 (o)(1)(A)(i) and (o)(5) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and (ii) There is no reason to believe that the liner is not functioning as designed. (3) Reserve. (4) Monitoring and inspection. (a) During construction or installation, liners (except in the case of existing portions of landfills exempt from subsection (2)(a) of this section), and cover systems (e.g., membranes, sheets, or coatings) must be inspected for uniformity, damage, and imperfections (e.g., holes, cracks, thin spots, or foreign materials). Immediately after construction or installation: (i) Synthetic liners and covers must be inspected to ensure tight seams and joints and the absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (ii) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections including lenses, cracks, channels, root holes, or other structural nonuniformities that may cause an increase in the permeability of the liner or cover. (b) While a landfill is in operation, it must be inspected weekly and after storms to detect evidence of any of the following: (i) Deterioration, malfunctions, or improper operation of run-on and runoff control systems; (ii) Proper functioning of wind dispersal control systems; and (iii) The presence of leachate in and proper functioning of leachate collection and removal systems. (c)(i) An owner or operator required to have a leak detection system under subsection (2)(h) or (j) of this section must record the amount of liquids removed from each leak detection system sump at least once each week during the active life and closure period. (ii) After the final cover is installed, the amount of liquids removed from each leak detection system sump must be recorded at least monthly. If the liquid level in the sump stays below the pump operating level for two consecutive months, the amount of liquids in the sumps must be recorded at least quarterly. If the liquid level in the sump stays below the pump operating level for two consecutive quarters, the amount of liquids in the sumps must be recorded at least semiannually. If at any time during the post-closure care period the pump operating level is exceeded at units on quarterly or semiannual recording schedules, the owner or operator must return to monthly recording of amounts of liquids removed from each sump until the liquid level again stays below the pump operating level for two consecutive months. (iii) "Pump operating level" is a liquid level proposed by the owner or operator and approved by the department based on pump activation level, sump dimensions, and level that avoids backup into the drainage layer and minimizes head in the sump. (5) Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill must maintain the following items in the operating record required under WAC 173-303-380: (a) On a map, the exact location and dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and (b) The contents of each cell and the approximate location of each dangerous waste type within each cell. (6) Closure and post-closure care. (a) At final closure of the landfill or upon closure of any cell, the owner or operator must cover the landfill or cell with a final cover designed and constructed to: (i) Provide long-term minimization of migration of liquids through the closed landfill; (ii) Function with minimum maintenance; (iii) Promote drainage and minimize erosion or abrasion of the cover; (iv) Accommodate settling and subsidence so that the cover's integrity is maintained; and (v) Have a permeability less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or natural subsoils present. (b) After final closure, the owner or operator must comply with all post-closure requirements contained in WAC 173-303-610 (7), (8), (9), and (10) including maintenance and monitoring throughout the post-closure care period. The owner or operator must: (i) Maintain the integrity and effectiveness of the final cover, including making repairs to the cap as necessary to correct the effects of settling, subsidence, erosion, or other events; (ii) Maintain and monitor the leak detection system in accordance with subsections (2)(h) and (4)(c) of this section, where such a system is present between double liner systems; (iii) Continue to operate the leachate collection and removal system until leachate is no longer detected; (iv) Maintain and monitor the ground water monitoring system and comply with all other applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-645; (v) Prevent run-on and runoff from eroding or otherwise damaging the final cover; and (vi) Protect and maintain surveyed benchmarks used in complying with subsection (5) of this section. (c) Reserve. (7) Special requirements for incompatible wastes. Incompatible wastes, or incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same landfill cell, unless WAC 173-303-395 (1)(b) is complied with. (8) Action leakage rate. (a) The department must approve an action leakage rate for surface impoundment units subject to subsection (2)(h) or (j) of this section. The action leakage rate is the maximum design flow rate that the leak detection system (LDS) can remove without the fluid head on the bottom liner exceeding l foot. The action leakage rate must include an adequate safety margin to allow for uncertainties in the design (e.g., slope, hydraulic conductivity, thickness of drainage material), construction, operation, and location of the LDS, waste and leachate characteristics, likelihood and amounts of other sources of liquids in the LDS, and proposed response actions (e.g., the action leakage rate must consider decreases in the flow capacity of the system over time resulting from siltation and clogging, rib layover and creep of synthetic components of the system, overburden pressures, etc.). (b) To determine if the action leakage rate has been exceeded, the owner or operator must convert the weekly or monthly flow rate from the monitoring data obtained under subsection (2)(h) of this section, to an average daily flow rate (gallons per acre per day) for each sump. Unless the department approves a different calculation, the average daily flow rate for each sump must be calculated weekly during the active life and closure period, and monthly during the post-closure care period when monthly monitoring is required under subsection (9) of this section. (9) Response actions. (a) The owner or operator of landfill units subject to subsection (2)(h) or (j) of this section must have an approved response action plan before receipt of waste. The response action plan must set forth the actions to be taken if the action leakage rate has been exceeded. At a minimum, the response action plan must describe the actions specified in (b) of this subsection. (b) If the flow rate into the leak detection system exceeds the action leakage rate for any sump, the owner or operator must: (i) Notify the department in writing of the exceedance within seven days of the determination; (ii) Submit a preliminary written assessment to the department within fourteen days of the determination, as to the amount of liquids, likely sources of liquids, possible location, size, and cause of any leaks, and short-term actions taken and planned; (iii) Determine to the extent practicable the location, size, and cause of any leak; (iv) Determine whether waste receipt should cease or be curtailed, whether any waste should be removed from the unit for inspection, repairs, or controls, and whether or not the unit should be closed; (v) Determine any other short-term and long-term actions to be taken to mitigate or stop any leaks; and (vi) Within thirty days after the notification that the action leakage rate has been exceeded, submit to the department the results of the analyses specified in (b)(iii), (iv), and (v) of this subsection, the results of actions taken, and actions planned. Monthly thereafter, as long as the flow rate in the leak detection system exceeds the action leakage rate, the owner or operator must submit to the department a report summarizing the results of any remedial actions taken and actions planned. (c) To make the leak and/or remediation determinations in (b)(iii), (iv), and (v) of this subsection, the owner or operator must: (i) Assess the source of liquids and amounts of liquids by source; (ii) Conduct a fingerprint, dangerous constituent, or other analyses of the liquids in the leak detection system to identify the source of liquids and possible location of any leaks, and the hazard and mobility of the liquid; and (iii) Assess the seriousness of any leaks in terms of potential for escaping into the environment; or (iv) Document why such assessments are not needed. (10) Special requirements for ignitable or reactive waste. (a) Except as provided in subsection (8)(b) of this section, and in WAC 173-303-161, ignitable or reactive waste must not be placed in a landfill, unless the waste and landfill meet all applicable requirements for owners and operators of dangerous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities contained in this chapter, and: (i) The resulting waste, mixture, or dissolution of material no longer meets the definition of ignitable or reactive waste under WAC 173-303-090 (5) or (7); and (ii) WAC 173-303-395(1) is complied with. (b) Except for prohibited wastes which remain subject to treatment standards in WAC 173-303-140 (2)(a), ignitable wastes in containers may be landfilled without meeting the requirements of (a) of this subsection, provided that the wastes are disposed of in such a way that they are protected from any material or conditions which may cause them to ignite. At a minimum, ignitable wastes must be disposed of in nonleaking containers which are carefully handled and placed so as to avoid heat, sparks, rupture, or any other condition that might cause ignition of the wastes; must be covered daily with soil or other noncombustible material to minimize the potential for ignition of the wastes; and must not be disposed of in cells that contain or will contain other wastes which may generate heat sufficient to cause ignition of the waste. (11) Special requirements for hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027. (a) Hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027 must not be placed in landfills unless the owner or operator operates the landfill in accord with a management plan for these wastes that is approved by the department pursuant to the standards set out in this subsection, and in accord with all other applicable requirements of this section. The factors to be considered are: (i) The volume, physical, and chemical characteristics of the wastes, including their potential to migrate through the soil or to volatilize or escape into the atmosphere; (ii) The attenuative properties of underlying and surrounding soils or other materials; (iii) The mobilizing properties of other materials co-disposed with these wastes; and (iv) The effectiveness of additional treatment, design, or monitoring requirements. (b) The department may determine that additional design, operating, and monitoring requirements are necessary for landfills managing hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027 in order to reduce the possibility of migration of these wastes to ground water, surface water, or air so as to protect human health and the environment. (12) Special requirements for containers. Unless they are very small, such as an ampule, containers must be either: (a) At least ninety percent full when placed in the landfill; or (b) Crushed, shredded, or similarly reduced in volume to the maximum practical extent before burial in the landfill. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-665, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-665, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 88-02-057 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-665, filed 1/5/88, effective 2/5/88; 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-665, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-665, filed 4/18/84.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-670 Incinerators. (1) Applicability. (a) Except as WAC 173-303-600 provides otherwise, the regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that incinerate dangerous waste and to owners and operators who burn dangerous waste in boilers or industrial furnaces in order to destroy them, or who burn dangerous waste in boilers or in industrial furnaces for any recycling purpose and elect to be regulated under this section. (b) Integration of the MACT standards. 40 CFR part 63 subpart EEE is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-400-075 (5)(a). Note that if you are subject to Part 63 you must get an air permit from ecology or the local air authority. (i) Except as provided by (b)(ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subsection, the standards of this section no longer apply when an owner or operator demonstrates compliance with the maximum achievable control technology (MACT) requirements of 40 CFR part 63, subpart EEE, by conducting a comprehensive performance test and submitting to the department a Notification of Compliance under 40 CFR 63.1207(j) and 63.1210(b) documenting compliance with the requirements of part 63, subpart EEE. Nevertheless, even after this demonstration of compliance with the MACT standards, dangerous waste permit conditions that were based on the standards of this section will continue to be in effect until they are removed from the permit or the permit is terminated or revoked, unless the permit expressly provides otherwise. (ii) The MACT standards do not replace the closure requirements of WAC 173-303-610 or the applicable requirements of WAC 173-303-280 through 173-303-395, 173-303-645, 173-303-610, 173-303-620, 173-303-691, 173-303-692, and 173-303-902. (iii) The particulate matter standard of subsection (4)(c)(ii) of this section remains in effect for incinerators that elect to comply with the alternative to the particulate matter standard of 40 CFR 63.1206 (b)(14). (iv) The following requirements remain in effect for startup, shutdown, and malfunction events if you elect to comply with 40 CFR 270.235 (a)(1)(i), which is incorporated by reference, to minimize emissions of toxic compounds from these events: (A) Subsection (6)(a) of this section requiring that an incinerator operate in accordance with operating requirements specified in the permit; and (B) Subsection (6)(c) of this section requiring compliance with the emission standards and operating requirements during startup and shutdown if hazardous waste is in the combustion chamber, except for particular hazardous wastes. (c) The department may, in establishing permit conditions, exempt the facility from all requirements of this section except subsection (2) of this section, waste analysis, and subsection (8) of this section, closure, if the department finds, after an examination of the waste analysis included with Part B of the owner/operator's permit application, that the waste to be burned: (i)(A) Is either listed as a dangerous waste in WAC 173-303-080 only because it is ignitable or, that the waste is designated only as an ignitable dangerous waste under WAC 173-303-090; or (B) Is either listed in WAC 173-303-080 or is designated under WAC 173-303-090 solely because it is reactive for the characteristics described in WAC 173-303-090 (7)(a)(i), (ii), (iii), (vi), (vii) and (viii), and will not be burned when other dangerous wastes are present in the combustion zone; and (ii) Contains none of the dangerous constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905 above significant concentration limits; and (iii) Is not designated by the dangerous waste criteria of WAC 173-303-100. (d) The owner or operator of an incinerator may conduct trial burns, subject only to the requirements of WAC 173-303-807, trial burn permits. (2) Waste analysis. (a) As a portion of a trial burn plan required by WAC 173-303-807, or with Part B of his permit application, the owner or operator must have included an analysis of his waste feed sufficient to provide all information required by WAC 173-303-807 or 173-303-806 (3) and (4). (b) Throughout normal operation the owner or operator must conduct sufficient waste analysis to verify that waste feed to the incinerator is within the physical and chemical composition limits specified in his permit (under subsection (6)(b) of this section). (3) Designation of principal organic dangerous constituents and dangerous combustion byproducts. Principal organic dangerous constituents (PODCs) and dangerous combustion byproducts must be treated to the extent required by the performance standards specified in subsection (4) of this section. For each waste feed to be burned, one or more PODCs and dangerous combustion byproducts will be specified in the facility's permit from among those constituents listed in WAC 173-303-9905 and, to the extent practical, from among those constituents which contribute to the toxicity, persistence, or carcinogenicity of wastes designated under WAC 173-303-100. This specification will be based on the degree of difficulty of incineration of the organic constituents of the waste feed and its combustion byproducts and their concentration or mass, considering the results of waste analyses and trial burns or alternative data submitted with Part B of the facility's permit application. Organic constituents or byproducts which represent the greatest degree of difficulty of incineration will be those most likely to be designated as PODCs and dangerous combustion byproducts. Constituents are more likely to be designated as PODCs or dangerous combustion byproducts if they are present in large quantities or concentrations. Trial PODCs will be designated for performance of trial burns in accordance with the procedure specified in WAC 173-303-807 for obtaining trial burn permits. Trial dangerous combustion byproducts may be designated under the same procedures. (4) Performance standards. An incinerator burning dangerous waste must be designed, constructed, and maintained so that, when operated in accordance with operating requirements specified under subsection (6) of this section, it will meet the following performance standards: (a)(i) Except as provided in (a)(ii) of this subsection, an incinerator burning dangerous waste must achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99 percent for each PODC designated (under subsection (3) of this section) in its permit for each waste feed. DRE is determined for each PODC from the following equation: DRE = (Win - Wout) × 100% Win Where: Win = Mass feed rate of one PODC in the waste stream feeding the incinerator, and Wout = Mass emission rate of the same PODC present in exhaust emissions prior to release to the atmosphere. (ii) An incinerator burning dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 must achieve a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9999% for each principal organic dangerous constituent (PODCs) designated (under subsection (3) of this section) in its permit. This performance must be demonstrated on PODCs that are more difficult to incinerate than tetra-, penta-, and hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. DRE is determined for each PODCs from the equation in subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section. In addition, the owner or operator of the incinerator must notify the department of his intent to incinerate dangerous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027. (b) Incinerators burning dangerous waste must destroy dangerous combustion byproducts designated under subsection (3) of this section so that the total mass emission rate of these byproducts emitted from the stack is no more than .01 percent of the total mass feed rate of PODCs fed into the incinerator. (c)(i) An incinerator burning dangerous waste and producing stack emissions of more than 1.8 kilograms per hour (4 pounds per hour) of hydrogen chloride (HCl) must control HCl emissions such that the rate of emission is no greater than the larger of either 1.8 kilograms per hour or one percent of the HCl in the stack gas prior to entering any pollution control equipment. (ii) An incinerator burning dangerous waste must not emit particulate matter in excess of 180 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (0.08 grains per dry standard cubic foot) when corrected for the amount of oxygen in the stack gas according to the formula: Pc = Pm × 14 21-Y Where Pc is the corrected concentration of particulate matter, Pm is the measured concentration of particulate matter, and Y is the measured concentration of oxygen in the stack gas, using the Orsat method for oxygen analysis of dry flue gas, presented in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A (Method 3). This correction procedure is to be used by all dangerous waste incinerators except those operating under conditions of oxygen enrichment. For these facilities, the department will select an appropriate correction procedure to be specified in the facility permit. (d) The emission standards specified in (c) of this subsection must be met when no other more stringent standards exist. Where a state or local air pollution control authority has jurisdiction and has more stringent emission standards, an incinerator burning dangerous wastes must comply with the applicable air pollution control authority's emission standards (including limits based on best available control technology). (e) For purposes of permit enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements specified in the permit (under subsection (6) of this section), will be regarded as compliance with subsection (4) of this section. However, evidence that compliance with those permit conditions is insufficient to ensure compliance with the performance requirements of subsection (4) of this section, may be evidence justifying modification, revocation, or reissuance of a permit under WAC 173-303-830. (5) Trial burns and permit modifications. (a) The owner or operator of a dangerous waste incinerator may burn only wastes specified in his permit and only under operating conditions specified for those wastes under subsection (6) of this section, except: (i) In approved trial burns under WAC 173-303-807; or (ii) Under exemptions created by WAC 173-303-670(1). (b) New dangerous wastes may be burned only after operating conditions have been specified in a trial burn permit or a permit modification has been issued, as applicable. Operating requirements for new wastes may be based on either trial burn results or alternative data included with Part B of a permit application under WAC 173-303-806(4). (c) The permit for a new dangerous waste incinerator must establish appropriate conditions for each of the applicable requirements of this section, including but not limited to allowable waste feeds and operating conditions necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (6) of this section, sufficient to comply with the following standards: (i) For the period beginning with initial introduction of dangerous waste to the incinerator and ending with initiation of the trial burn, and only for the minimum time required to establish operating conditions required in (c)(ii) of this subsection, not to exceed a duration of seven hundred twenty hours operating time for treatment of dangerous waste. The operating requirements must be those most likely to ensure compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section, based on the department's engineering judgment. The department may extend the duration of this period once for up to seven hundred twenty additional hours when good cause for the extension is demonstrated by the applicant; (ii) For the duration of the trial burn, the operating requirements must be sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section, and must be in accordance with the approved trial burn plan; (iii) For the period immediately following completion of the trial burn, and only for the minimum period sufficient to allow sample analysis, data computation, and submission of the trial burn results by the applicant, and review of the trial burn results and modification of the facility permit by the department, the operating requirements must be those most likely to ensure compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section, based on the department's engineering judgment; (iv) For the remaining duration of the permit, the operating requirements must be those demonstrated, in a trial burn or by alternative data specified in WAC 173-303-806 (4)(f)(iii)(G), as sufficient to ensure compliance with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section. (6) Operating requirements. (a) An incinerator must be operated in accordance with operating requirements specified in the permit. These will be specified on a case-by-case basis as those demonstrated (in a trial burn or in alternative data as specified in subsection (5)(b) of this section and included with Part B of a facility's permit application) to be sufficient to comply with the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section. (b) Each set of operating requirements will specify the composition of the waste feed (including acceptable variations in the physical or chemical properties of the waste feed which will not affect compliance with the performance requirement of subsection (4) of this section) to which the operating requirements apply. For each such waste feed, the permit will specify acceptable operating limits including the following conditions: (i) Carbon monoxide (CO) level in the stack exhaust gas; (ii) Waste feed rate; (iii) Combustion temperature; (iv) An appropriate indicator of combustion gas velocity; (v) Allowable variations in incinerator system design or operating procedures; and (vi) Such other operating requirements as are necessary to ensure that the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section are met. (c) During startup and shutdown of an incinerator, dangerous waste (except waste exempted in accordance with subsection (1)(b) of this section) must not be fed into the incinerator unless the incinerator is operating within the conditions of operation (temperature, air feed rate, etc.) specified in the permit. (d) Fugitive emissions from the combustion zone must be controlled by: (i) Keeping the combustion zone totally sealed against fugitive emissions; (ii) Maintaining a combustion zone pressure lower than atmospheric pressure; or (iii) An alternate means of control demonstrated (with Part B of the permit application) to provide fugitive emissions control equivalent to maintenance of combustion zone pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. (e) An incinerator must be operated with a functioning system to automatically cut off waste feed to the incinerator when operating conditions deviate from limits established under (a) of this subsection. (f) An incinerator must cease operation when changes in waste feed, incinerator design, or operating conditions exceed limits designated in its permit. (7) Monitoring and inspections. (a) The owner or operator must conduct, as a minimum, the following monitoring while incinerating dangerous waste: (i) Combustion temperature, waste feed rate, and the indicator of combustion gas velocity specified in the facility permit must be monitored on a continuous basis; (ii) Carbon monoxide (CO) must be monitored on a continuous basis at a point in the incinerator downstream of the combustion zone and prior to release to the atmosphere; and (iii) As required by the department, sampling and analysis of the waste and exhaust emissions must be conducted to verify that the operating requirements established in the permit achieve the performance standards of subsection (4) of this section. (b) The incinerator and associated equipment (pumps, valves, conveyors, pipes, etc.) must be completely inspected at least daily for leaks, spills, fugitive emissions, and signs of tampering. All emergency waste feed cutoff controls and system alarms must be tested at least weekly to verify proper operation, unless the owner or operator demonstrates to the department that weekly inspections will unduly restrict or upset operations and that less frequent inspection will be adequate. At a minimum, emergency cutoff and alarm systems must be tested at least monthly. (c) This monitoring and inspection data must be recorded and the records must be placed in the operating log required by WAC 173-303-380(1). (8) Closure. At closure the owner or operator must remove all dangerous waste and dangerous waste residues (including, but not limited to, ash, scrubber waters, and scrubber sludges) from the incinerator site. Remaining equipment, bases, liners, soil, and debris containing or contaminated with dangerous waste or waste residues must be decontaminated or removed. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-670, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-670, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-670, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 86-12-057 (Order DE-85-10), § 173-303-670, filed 6/3/86; 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-670, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-670, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-675 Drip pads. (1) Applicability. (a) The requirements of this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that use new or existing drip pads to convey treated wood drippage, precipitation, and/or surface water runoff to an associated collection system. Existing drip pads are those constructed before December 6, 1990, and those for which the owner or operator has a design and has entered into binding financial or other agreements for construction prior to December 6, 1990. All other drip pads are new drip pads. The requirement in subsection (4)(b)(iii) of this section to install a leak collection system applies only to those drip pads that are constructed after December 24, 1992, except for those constructed after December 24, 1992, for which the owner or operator has a design and has entered into binding financial or other agreements for construction prior to December 24, 1992. (b) The owner or operator of any drip pad that is inside or under a structure that provides protection from precipitation so that neither runoff nor run-on is generated is not subject to regulation under subsection (4)(e) or (f) of this section, as appropriate. (c) The requirements of this section are not applicable to the management of infrequent and incidental drippage in storage yards provided that: The owner or operator maintains and complies with a written contingency plan that describes how the owner or operator will respond immediately to the discharge of such infrequent and incidental drippage. At a minimum, the contingency plan must describe how the owner or operator will do the following: (i) Clean up the drippage; (ii) Document the cleanup of the drippage; (iii) Retain documents regarding cleanup for three years; and (iv) Manage the contaminated media in a manner consistent with federal regulations. (2) Assessment of existing drip pad integrity. (a) For each existing drip pad as defined in subsection (1) of this section, the owner or operator must evaluate the drip pad and determine that it meets all of the requirements of this section, except the requirements for liners and leak detection systems of subsection (4)(b) of this section. No later than the effective date of this rule, the owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility a written assessment of the drip pad, reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer that attests to the results of the evaluation. The assessment must be reviewed, updated and recertified annually until all upgrades, repairs, or modifications necessary to achieve compliance with all of the standards of subsection (4) of this section are complete. The evaluation must document the extent to which the drip pad meets each of the design and operating standards of subsection (4) of this section, except the standards for liners and leak detection systems, specified in subsection (4)(b) of this section. (b) The owner or operator must develop a written plan for upgrading, repairing, and modifying the drip pad to meet the requirements of subsection (4)(b) of this section, and submit the plan to the department no later than two years before the date that all repairs, upgrades, and modifications are complete. This written plan must describe all changes to be made to the drip pad in sufficient detail to document compliance with all the requirements of subsection (4) of this section. The plan must be reviewed and certified by an independent qualified registered professional engineer. (c) Upon completion of all upgrades, repairs, and modifications, the owner or operator must submit to the department, the as-built drawings for the drip pad together with a certification by an independent qualified registered professional engineer attesting that the drip pad conforms to the drawings. (d) If the drip pad is found to be leaking or unfit for use, the owner or operator must comply with the provisions of subsection (4)(m) of this section or close the drip pad in accordance with subsection (6) of this section. (3) Design and installation of new drip pads. Owners and operators of new drip pads must ensure that the pads are designed, installed, and operated in accordance with one of the following: (a) All of the requirements of subsections (4) of this section (except subsection (4)(a)(iv)), (5) and (6) of this section; or (b) All of the requirements of subsections (4) of this section (except subsection (4)(b)), (5) and (6) of this section. (4) Design and operating requirements. (a) Drip pads must: (i) Be constructed of nonearthen materials, excluding wood and nonstructurally supported asphalt: (ii) Be sloped to free-drain treated wood drippage, rain and other waters, or solutions of drippage and water or other wastes to the associated collection system; (iii) Have a curb or berm around the perimeter; (iv)(A) Have a hydraulic conductivity of less than or equal to 1 x 10-7 centimeters per second, e.g., existing concrete drip pads must be sealed, coated, or covered with a surface material with a hydraulic conductivity of less than or equal to 1 x 10-7 centimeters per second such that the entire surface where drippage occurs or may run across is capable of containing such drippage and mixtures of drippage and precipitation, materials, or other wastes while being routed to an associated collection system. This surface material must be maintained free of cracks and gaps that could adversely affect its hydraulic conductivity, and the material must be chemically compatible with the preservatives that contact the drip pad. The requirements of this provision apply only to existing drip pads and those drip pads for which the owner or operator elects to comply with subsection (3)(a) of this section instead of subsection (3)(b) of this section. (B) The owner or operator must obtain and keep on file at the facility a written assessment of the drip pad, reviewed and certified by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer that attests to the results of the evaluation. The assessment must be reviewed, updated and recertified annually. The evaluation must document the extent to which the drip pad meets the design and operating standards of this subsection, except for (b) of this subsection. (v) Be of sufficient structural strength and thickness to prevent failure due to physical contact, climatic conditions, the stress of daily operations, e.g., variable and moving loads such as vehicle traffic, movement of wood, etc. Note: The department will generally consider applicable standards established by professional organizations generally recognized by the industry such as the American Concrete Institute (ACI) or the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) in judging the structural integrity requirement of this subsection. (b) If an owner/operator elects to comply with subsection (3)(b) of this section instead of subsection (3)(a) of this section, the drip pad must have: (i) A synthetic liner installed below the drip pad that is designed, constructed, and installed to prevent leakage from the drip pad into the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or surface water at any time during the active life (including the closure period) of the drip pad. The liner must be constructed of materials that will prevent waste from being absorbed into the liner and to prevent releases into the adjacent subsurface soil or ground water or surface water during the active life of the facility. The liner must be: (A) Constructed of materials that have appropriate chemical properties and sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and external hydrogeologic forces), physical contact with the waste or drip pad leakage to which they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation, and the stress of daily operation (including stresses from vehicular traffic on the drip pad); (B) Placed upon a foundation or base capable of providing support to the liner and resistance to pressure gradients above and below the liner to prevent failure of the liner due to settlement, compression or uplift; and (C) Installed to cover all surrounding earth that could come in contact with the waste or leakage; and (ii) A leakage detection system immediately above the liner that is designed, constructed, maintained and operated to detect leakage from the drip pad. The leakage detection system must be: (A) Constructed of materials that are: (I) Chemically resistant to the waste managed in the drip pad and the leakage that might be generated; and (II) Of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent collapse under the pressures exerted by overlaying materials and by any equipment used at the drip pad; (B) Designed and operated to function without clogging through the scheduled closure of the drip pad; and (C) Designed so that it will detect the failure of the drip pad or the presence of a release of hazardous waste or accumulated liquid at the earliest practicable time. (iii) A leakage collection system immediately above the liner that is designed, constructed, maintained and operated to collect leakage from the drip pad such that it can be removed from below the drip pad. The date, time, and quantity of any leakage collected in this system and removed must be documented in the operating log. (c) Drip pads must be maintained such that they remain free of cracks, gaps, corrosion, or other deterioration that could cause hazardous waste to be released from the drip pad. Note: See subsection (4)(m) of this section for remedial action required if deterioration or leakage is detected. (d) The drip pad and associated collection system must be designed and operated to convey, drain, and collect liquid resulting from drippage or precipitation in order to prevent runoff. (e) Unless protected by a structure, as described in subsection (1)(b) of this section, the owner or operator must design, construct, operate and maintain a run-on control system capable of preventing flow onto the drip pad during peak discharge from at least a twenty-four-hour, twenty-five-year storm, unless the system has sufficient excess capacity to contain any runoff that might enter the system. (f) Unless protected by a structure or cover as described in subsection (1)(b) of this section, the owner or operator must design, construct, operate and maintain a runoff management system to collect and control at least the water volume resulting from a twenty-four-hour, twenty-five-year storm. (g) The drip pad must be evaluated to determine that it meets the requirements of (a) through (f) of this subsection and the owner or operator must obtain a statement from an independent, qualified registered professional engineer certifying that the drip pad design meets the requirements of this section. (h) Drippage and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the associated collection system as necessary to prevent overflow onto the drip pad. (i) The drip pad surface must be cleaned thoroughly in a manner and frequency such that accumulated residues of hazardous waste or other materials are removed, with residues being properly managed as hazardous waste, so as to allow weekly inspections of the entire drip pad surface without interference or hindrance from accumulated residues of hazardous waste or other materials on the drip pad. The owner or operator must document the date and time of each cleaning and the cleaning procedure used in the facility's operating log. The owner/operator must determine if the residues are dangerous under WAC 173-303-070 and, if so, must manage them under this chapter. (j) Drip pads must be operated and maintained in a manner to minimize tracking of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents off the drip pad as a result of activities by personnel or equipment. (k) After being removed from the treatment vessel, treated wood from pressure and nonpressure processes must be held on the drip pad until drippage has ceased. The owner or operator must maintain records sufficient to document that all treated wood is held on the drip pad following treatment in accordance with this requirement. (l) Collection and holding units associated with run-on and runoff control systems must be emptied or otherwise managed as soon as possible after storms to maintain design capacity of the system. (m) Throughout the active life of the drip pad and as specified in the permit, if the owner or operator detects a condition that may have caused or has caused a release of hazardous waste, the condition must be repaired within a reasonably prompt period of time following discovery, in accordance with the following procedures: (i) Upon detection of a condition that may have caused or has caused a release of hazardous waste (e.g., upon detection of leakage in the leak detection system), the owner or operator must: (A) Enter a record of the discovery in the facility operating log; (B) Immediately remove the portion of the drip pad affected by the condition from service; (C) Determine what steps must be taken to repair the drip pad and clean up any leakage from below the drip pad, and establish a schedule for accomplishing the repairs; (D) Within twenty-four hours after discovery of the condition, notify the department of the condition and, within ten working days, provide written notice to the department with a description of the steps that will be taken to repair the drip pad and clean up any leakage, and the schedule for accomplishing this work. (ii) The department will review the information submitted, make a determination regarding whether the pad must be removed from service completely or partially until repairs and clean up are complete and notify the owner or operator of the determination and the underlying rationale in writing. (iii) Upon completing all repairs and clean up, the owner or operator must notify the department in writing and provide a certification signed by an independent, qualified registered professional engineer, that the repairs and clean up have been completed according to the written plan submitted in accordance with (m)(i)(D) of this subsection. (n) Should a permit be necessary, the department will specify in the permit all design and operating practices that are necessary to ensure that the requirements of this section are satisfied. (o) The owner or operator must maintain, as part of the facility operating log, documentation of past operating and waste handling practices. This must include identification of preservative formulations used in the past, a description of drippage management practices, and a description of treated wood storage and handling practices. (5) Inspections. (a) During construction or installation, liners and cover systems (e.g., membranes, sheets, or coatings) must be inspected for uniformity, damage and imperfections (e.g., holes, cracks, thin spots, or foreign materials). Immediately after construction or installation, liners must be inspected and certified as meeting the requirements of subsection (4) of this section by an independent qualified, registered professional engineer. This certification must be maintained at the facility as part of the facility operating record. After installation, liners and covers must be inspected to ensure tight seams and joints and the absence of tears, punctures, or blisters. (b) While a drip pad is in operation, it must be inspected weekly and after storms to detect evidence of any of the following: (i) Deterioration, malfunctions or improper operation of run-on and runoff control systems; (ii) The presence of leakage in and proper functioning of leak detection system; (iii) Deterioration or cracking of the drip pad surface. Note: See subsection (4)(m) of this section for remedial action required if deterioration or leakage is detected. (6) Closure. (a) At closure, the owner or operator must remove or decontaminate all waste residues, contaminated containment system components (pad, liners, etc.), contaminated subsoils, and structures and equipment contaminated with waste and leakage, and manage them as hazardous waste. (b) If, after removing or decontaminating all residues and making all reasonable efforts to effect removal or decontamination of contaminated components, subsoils, structures, and equipment as required in (a) of this subsection, the owner or operator finds that not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed or decontaminated, he must close the facility and perform post-closure care in accordance with closure and post-closure care requirements that apply to landfills (WAC 173-303-665(6)). For permitted units, the requirement to have a permit continues throughout the post-closure period. In addition, for the purpose of closure, post-closure, and financial responsibility, such a drip pad is then considered to be landfill, and the owner or operator must meet all of the requirements for landfills specified in WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620. (c)(i) The owner or operator of an existing drip pad, as defined in subsection (1) of this section, that does not comply with the liner requirements of subsection (4)(b)(i) of this section must: (A) Include in the closure plan for the drip pad under WAC 173-303-610(3), both a plan for complying with (a) of this subsection and a contingent plan for complying with (b) of this subsection in case not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed at closure; and (B) Prepare a contingent post-closure plan under WAC 173-303-610(8) for complying with (b) of this subsection in case not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed at closure. (ii) The cost estimates calculated under WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620 for closure and post-closure care of a drip pad subject to this subsection must include the cost of complying with the contingent closure plan and the contingent post-closure plan, but are not required to include the cost of expected closure under (a) of this subsection. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 98-03-018 (Order 97-03), § 173-303-675, filed 1/12/98, effective 2/12/98; 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-675, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-680 Miscellaneous units. (1) Applicability. The requirements of this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, or dispose of dangerous waste in miscellaneous units, except as WAC 173-303-600 provides otherwise. (2) Environmental performance standards. A miscellaneous unit must be located, designed, constructed, operated, maintained, and closed in a manner that will ensure protection of human health and the environment. Permits for miscellaneous units are to contain such terms and provisions as necessary to protect human health and the environment, including, but not limited to, as appropriate, design and operating requirements, detection and monitoring requirements, and requirements for responses to releases of dangerous waste or dangerous constituents from the unit. Permit terms and provisions must include those requirements in WAC 173-303-630 through 173-303-670, 40 CFR Subparts AA through CC, which are incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-690 through173-303-692 , WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-806, part 63 subpart EEE (which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-400-075 (5)(a)), and 40 CFR Part 146 that are appropriate for the miscellaneous units being permitted. Protection of human health and the environment includes, but is not limited to: (a) Prevention of any releases that may have adverse effects on human health or the environment due to migration of wastes constituents in the ground water or subsurface environment, considering: (i) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the unit, including its potential for migration through soil, liners, or other containing structures; (ii) The hydrologic and geologic characteristics of the unit and the surrounding area; (iii) The existing quality of ground water, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the ground water; (iv) The quantity and direction of ground water flow; (v) The proximity to and withdrawal rates of current and potential ground water users; (vi) The patterns of land use in the region; (vii) The potential for deposition or migration of waste constituents into subsurface physical structures, and into the root zone of food-chain crops and other vegetation; (viii) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; and (ix) The potential for damage to domestic animals, wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents. (b) Prevention of any release that may have adverse effects on human health or the environment due to migration of waste constituents in surface water, or wetlands or on the soil surface considering: (i) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the unit; (ii) The effectiveness and reliability of containing, confining, and collecting systems and structures in preventing migration; (iii) The hydrologic characteristics of the unit and the surrounding area, including the topography of the land around the unit; (iv) The patterns of precipitation in the region; (v) The quantity, quality, and direction of ground water flow; (vi) The proximity of the unit to surface waters; (vii) The current and potential uses of nearby surface waters and any water quality standards established for those surface waters; (viii) The existing quality of surface waters and surface soils, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on surface waters and surface soils; (ix) The patterns of land use in the region; (x) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; and (xi) The potential for damage to domestic animals, wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents. (c) Prevention of any release that may have adverse effects on human health or the environment due to migration of waste constituents in the air, considering: (i) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the unit, including its potential for the emission and dispersal of gases, aerosols and particulates; (ii) The effectiveness and reliability of systems and structures to reduce or prevent emissions of dangerous constituents to the air; (iii) The operating characteristics of the unit; (iv) The atmospheric, meteorologic, and topographic characteristics of the unit and the surrounding area; (v) The existing quality of the air, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the air; (vi) The potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents; and (vii) The potential for damage to domestic animals, wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents. (3) Monitoring, analysis, inspection, response, reporting, and corrective action. Monitoring, testing, analytical data, inspections, response, and reporting procedures and frequencies must ensure compliance with subsection (2) of this section, WAC 173-303-320, 173-303-340(1), 173-303-390, and 173-303-64620 as well as meet any additional requirements needed to protect human health and the environment as specified in the permit. (4) Post-closure care. A miscellaneous unit that is a disposal unit must be maintained in a manner that complied with subsection (2) of this section during the post-closure care period. In addition, if a treatment or storage unit has contaminated soils or ground water that cannot be completely removed or decontaminated during closure, then that unit must also meet the requirements of subsection (2) of this section during post-closure care. The post-closure plan under WAC 173-303-610(8) must specify the procedures that will be used to satisfy this requirement. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, and 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 04-24-065 (Order 03-10), § 173-303-680, filed 11/30/04, effective 1/1/05; 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-680, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-680, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95; 94-01-060 (Order 92-33), § 173-303-680, filed 12/8/93, effective 1/8/94. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW, 40 CFR Part 271.3 and RCRA § 3006 (42 U.S.C. 3251). 91-07-005 (Order 90-42), § 173-303-680, filed 3/7/91, effective 4/7/91.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-690 Air emission standards for process vents. (1) Applicability. (a) The regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous wastes. (b) Except for 40 CFR 264.1034(d) and (e), this section applies to process vents associated with distillation, fractionation, thin-film evaporation, solvent extraction, or air or steam stripping operations that manage hazardous wastes with organic concentrations of at least 10 ppmw, if these operations are conducted in one of the following: (i) A unit that is subject to the permitting requirements of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; or (ii) A unit (including a hazardous waste recycling unit) that is not exempt from permitting under the provisions of WAC 173-303-200(1) (i.e., a hazardous waste recycling unit that is not a ninety-day tank or container) and that is located at a hazardous waste management facility otherwise subject to the permitting requirements of WAC 173-303-800 through173-303-840 ; or (iii) A unit that is exempt from permitting under the provisions of WAC 173-303-200(1) (i.e., a "ninety-day" tank or container) and is not a recycling unit under the provisions of WAC 173-303-120. (c) For the owner and operator of a facility subject to this section and who received a final hazardous waste permit prior to December 6, 1996, the requirements of this section must be incorporated into the permit when the permit is reissued in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-840(8) or reviewed in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-806(11). Until such date when the owner and operator receives a final permit incorporating the requirements of this section, the owner and operator is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 265 Subpart AA. Note: The requirements of 40 CFR Parts 264.1032 through 264.1036 apply to process vents on hazardous waste recycling units previously exempt under WAC 173-303-120 (4)(d). Other exemptions under WAC 173-303-071 and 173-303-600(2) are not affected by these requirements. (d) The requirements of this section do not apply to the process vents at a facility where the facility owner or operator certifies that all of the process vents that would otherwise be subject to this section are equipped with and operating air emission controls in accordance with the process vent requirements of an applicable Clean Air Act regulation codified under 40 CFR Part 60, Part 61, or Part 63. The documentation of compliance under regulations at 40 CFR Part 60, Part 61, or Part 63 must be kept with, or made readily available with, the facility operating record. (2) 40 CFR 264.1031 through 1036 (Subpart AA) is incorporated by reference. Note: Where the incorporated language refers to 264.1030, refer to subsection (1) of this section. Where the incorporated language refers to Part 270, refer to WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-690, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-690, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-690, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-691 Air emission standards for equipment leaks. (1) Applicability. (a) The regulations in this section apply to owners and operators of facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous wastes. (b) Except as provided in 40 CFR 264.1064(k), this section applies to equipment that contains or contacts hazardous wastes with organic concentrations of at least 10 percent by weight that are managed in one of the following: (i) A unit that is subject to the permitting requirements of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840; or (ii) A unit (including a hazardous waste recycling unit) that is not exempt from permitting under the provisions of WAC 173-303-200(1) (i.e., a hazardous waste recycling unit that is not a "ninety-day" tank or container) and that is located at a hazardous waste management facility otherwise subject to the permitting requirements of WAC 173-303-800 through173-303-840 ; or (iii) A unit that is exempt from permitting under the provisions of WAC 173-303-200(1) (i.e., a "ninety-day" tank or container) and is not a recycling unit under the provisions of WAC 173-303-120. (c) For the owner or operator of a facility subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 264.1052 through 264.1065 and who received a final permit under section 3005 of RCRA prior to December 6, 1996, the requirements of 40 CFR 264.1052 through 264.1065 must be incorporated into the permit when the permit is reissued under WAC 173-303-840(8) or reviewed under WAC 173-303-806(11). Until such date when the owner or operator receives a final permit incorporating the requirements of 40 CFR 264.1052 through 264.1065, the owner or operator is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 265, Subpart BB, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a). (d) Each piece of equipment to which this section applies must be marked in such a manner that it can be distinguished readily from other pieces of equipment. (e) Equipment that is in vacuum service is excluded from the requirements of 40 CFR 264.1052 to 264.1060 if it is identified as required in 40 CFR 264.1064 (g)(5). (f) Equipment that contains or contacts hazardous waste with an organic concentration of at least ten percent by weight for less than three hundred hours per calendar year is excluded from the requirements of 40 CFR Parts 264.1052 through 264.1060 if it is identified, as required in 40 CFR Part 264.1064 (g)(6). Note: The requirements of 40 CFR Parts 264.1052 through 264.1065 apply to equipment associated with hazardous waste recycling units previously exempt under WAC 173-303-120 (4)(d). Other exemptions under WAC 173-303-071 and 173-303-600(2) are not affected by these requirements. (2) 40 CFR 264.1051 through 1065 (Subpart BB) is incorporated by reference. Note: Where the incorporated language refers to 264.1050, refer to WAC 173-303-691. Where the incorporated language refers to Part 270, refer to WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-691, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-691, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-691, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-692 Air emission standards for tanks, surface impoundments, and containers. (1) Applicability. (a) The requirements of 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart CC apply to owners and operators of all facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste in tanks, surface impoundments, or containers subject to either WAC 173-303-630, 173-303-640, or 173-303-650 except as WAC 173-303-600 and (b) of this subsection provide otherwise. (b) The requirements of 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart CC do not apply to the following waste management units at the facility: (i) A waste management unit that holds hazardous waste placed in the unit before December 6, 1996, and in which no hazardous waste is added to the unit on or after December 6, 1996. (ii) A container that has a design capacity less than or equal to 0.1 m3. (iii) A tank in which an owner or operator has stopped adding hazardous waste and the owner or operator has begun implementing or completed closure pursuant to an approved closure plan. (iv) A surface impoundment in which an owner or operator has stopped adding hazardous waste (except to implement an approved closure plan) and the owner or operator has begun implementing or completed closure pursuant to an approved closure plan. (v) A waste management unit that is used solely for on-site treatment or storage of hazardous waste that is placed in the unit as a result of implementing remedial activities required under the corrective action authorities of WAC 173-303-646, or RCRA section 3008(h), or CERCLA authorities. (vi) A waste management unit that is used solely for the management of radioactive mixed waste in accordance with all applicable regulations under the authority of the Atomic Energy Act and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. (vii) A hazardous waste management unit that the owner or operator certifies is equipped with and operating air emission controls in accordance with the requirements of an applicable Clean Air Act regulation codified under 40 CFR Parts 60, 61, or 63. For the purpose of complying with this paragraph, a tank for which the air emission control includes an enclosure, as opposed to a cover, must be in compliance with the enclosure and control device requirements of 40 CFR Part 264.1084(i), except as provided in 40 CFR Part 264.1082 (c)(5). (viii) A tank that has a process vent as defined in 40 CFR Part 264.1031. (c) For the owner and operator of a facility subject to this section who received a final permit under the Hazardous Waste Management Act prior to December 6, 1996, the requirements of 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart CC will be incorporated into the permit when the permit is reissued in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-840(8) or reviewed in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-806 (11)(d). Until such date when the permit is reissued in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-840(8) or reviewed in accordance with the requirements of WAC 173-303-806 (11)(d), the owner and operator is subject to the requirements of 40 CFR Part 265 Subpart CC, which is incorporated by reference at WAC 173-303-400 (3)(a). (d) The requirements of 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart CC, except for the recordkeeping requirements specified in 40 CFR Part 264.1089(i), are administratively stayed for a tank or a container used for the management of hazardous waste generated by organic peroxide manufacturing and its associated laboratory operations when the owner or operator of the unit meets all of the following conditions: (i) The owner or operator identifies that the tank or container receives hazardous waste generated by an organic peroxide manufacturing process producing more than one functional family of organic peroxides or multiple organic peroxides within one functional family, that one or more of these organic peroxides could potentially undergo self-accelerating thermal decomposition at or below ambient temperatures, and that organic peroxides are the predominant products manufactured by the process. For the purpose of meeting the conditions of this paragraph, "organic peroxide" means an organic compound that contains the bivalent --O--O--structure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical. (ii) The owner or operator prepares documentation, in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 264.1089(i) explaining why an undue safety hazard would be created if air emission controls specified in 40 CFR Parts 264.1084 through 264.1087 are installed and operated on the tanks and containers used at the facility to manage the hazardous waste generated by the organic peroxide manufacturing process or processes meeting the conditions of (d)(i) of this subsection. (iii) The owner or operator notifies the department in writing that hazardous waste generated by an organic peroxide manufacturing process or processes meeting the conditions of (d)(i) of this subsection are managed at the facility in tanks or containers meeting the conditions of (d)(ii) of this subsection. The notification must state the name and address of the facility, and must be signed and dated by an authorized representative of the facility owner or operator. (2) 40 CFR Parts 264.1081 through 264.1091 (Subpart CC) is incorporated by reference. Note: Where the incorporated language refers to 264.1080, refer to WAC 173-303-692. Where the incorporated language refers to Part 270, refer to WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840. (3) References within 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart CC to the following parts are incorporated by reference: 40 CFR Parts 60, 61, and 63. This includes Method 25E - Determination of Vapor Phase Organic Concentration in Waste Samples at 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 03-07-049 (Order 02-03), § 173-303-692, filed 3/13/03, effective 4/13/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-692, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-693 Dangerous waste munitions and explosives storage. (1) Applicability. The requirements of this section apply to owners or operators who store munitions and explosive dangerous wastes, except as WAC 173-303-600(3) provides otherwise. (NOTE: Depending on explosive hazards, dangerous waste munitions and explosives may also be managed in other types of storage units, including containment buildings (WAC 173-303-695), tanks (WAC 173-303-640), or containers (WAC 173-303-630). See WAC 173-303-578(4) for storage of waste military munitions.) (2) Design and operating standards. (a) Dangerous waste munitions and explosives storage units must be designed and operated with containment systems, controls, and monitoring, that: (i) Minimize the potential for detonation or other means of release of dangerous waste, dangerous constituents, dangerous decomposition products, or contaminated runoff, to the soil, ground water, surface water, and atmosphere; (ii) Provide a primary barrier, which may be a container (including a shell) or tank, designed to contain the dangerous waste; (iii) For wastes stored outdoors, provide that the waste and containers will not be in standing precipitation; (iv) For liquid wastes, provide a secondary containment system that assures that any released liquids are contained and promptly detected and removed from the waste area, or vapor detection system that assures that any released liquids or vapors are promptly detected and an appropriate response taken (for example, additional containment, such as overpacking, or removal from the waste area); and (v) Provide monitoring and inspection procedures that assure the controls and containment systems are working as designed and that releases that may adversely impact human health or the environment are not escaping from the unit. (b) Dangerous waste munitions and explosives stored in accordance with this section may be stored in one of the following: (i) Earth-covered magazines. Earth-covered magazines must be: (A) Constructed of waterproofed, reinforced concrete or structural steel arches, with steel doors that are kept closed when not being accessed; (B) Designed and constructed: (I) To be of sufficient strength and thickness to support the weight of any explosives or munitions stored and any equipment used in the unit; (II) To provide working space for personnel and equipment in the unit; and (III) To withstand movement activities that occur in the unit; and (C) Located and designed, with walls and earthen covers that direct an explosion in the unit in a safe direction, so as to minimize the propagation of an explosion to adjacent units and to minimize other effects of any explosion. (ii) Above-ground magazines. Above-ground magazines must be located and designed so as to minimize the propagation of an explosion to adjacent units and to minimize other effects of any explosion. (iii) Outdoor or open storage areas. Outdoor or open storage areas must be located and designed so as to minimize the propagation of an explosion to adjacent units and to minimize other effects of any explosion. (c) Dangerous waste munitions and explosives must be stored in accordance with a standard operating procedure specifying procedures to ensure safety, security, and environmental protection. If these procedures serve the same purpose as the security and inspection requirements of WAC 173-303-310, the preparedness and prevention procedures of WAC 173-303-340, and the contingency plan and emergency procedures requirements of WAC 173-303-350, then these procedures will be used to fulfill those requirements. (d) Dangerous waste munitions and explosives must be packaged to ensure safety in handling and storage. (e) Dangerous waste munitions and explosives must be inventoried at least annually. (f) Dangerous waste munitions and explosives and their storage units must be inspected and monitored as necessary to ensure explosives safety and to ensure that there is no migration of contaminants out of the unit. (3) Closure and post-closure care. (a) At closure of a magazine or unit that stored dangerous waste in accordance with this section, the owner or operator must remove or decontaminate all waste residues, contaminated containment system components, contaminated subsoils, and structures and equipment contaminated with waste, and manage them as dangerous waste. The closure plan, closure activities, cost estimates for closure, and financial responsibility for magazines or units must meet all of the requirements specified in WAC 173-303-610 and 173-303-620, except that the owner or operator may defer closure of the unit as long as it remains in service as a munitions or explosives magazine or storage unit. (b) If, after removing or decontaminating all residues and making all reasonable efforts to effect removal or decontamination of contaminated components, subsoils, structures, and equipment as required in (a) of this subsection, the owner or operator finds that not all contaminated subsoils can be practicably removed or decontaminated, he or she must close the facility and perform post-closure care in accordance with the closure and post-closure requirements that apply to landfills (WAC 173-303-665(6)). [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105, 70.105D, 15.54 RCW and RCW 70.105.007. 00-11-040 (Order 99-01), § 173-303-693, filed 5/10/00, effective 6/10/00.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-695 Containment buildings. The requirements for containment buildings at 40 CFR Part 264 Subpart DD are incorporated by reference. The words "regional administrator" will mean "department." [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-695, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-700 Requirements for the Washington state extremely hazardous waste management facility at Hanford. (1) Purpose and applicability. The purpose of this section is to set forth the requirements for the Washington EHW management (EHWM) facility located at Hanford, Washington. It is the only facility within the state that is allowed under law to dispose of EHW (RCW 70.105.050). (2) Waste acceptance at Hanford. (a) The state operator will accept EHW for treatment, storage, or disposal when: (i) The waste has been specified in the state operator's permit as not requiring prior approval from the department and the state operator sends a copy of each written request for disposal of waste at the EHWM facility to the department, not later than one week after receiving the request; or (ii) If the waste has not been specified in the state operator's permit, then the department provides written approval that the waste may be accepted at the EHWM facility. Notices of approval or disapproval will be provided as soon as possible, but not later than 15 days, after the state operator has notified the department. Written approval from the department is not required in emergencies, as specified; and (iii) The generator has obtained prior written approval for waste acceptance from the state operator; (iv) The waste is accompanied by a manifest specified in the generator requirements of WAC 173-303-180, Manifest; and (v) Waste containers meet the labeling and container condition requirements of WAC 173-303-190. (b) The state operator may accept DW, as defined in this regulation, for storage, treatment, or disposal when: (i) All the conditions of EHW acceptance, (a) of this subsection, are met; (ii) The generator and/or operator shows that no other permitted TSD facility in the state will handle such DW. The generator and/or operator must refer to: (A) County or municipal ordinances or solid waste permits forbidding DW disposal at nearby sites; (B) The EHWM site being the shortest economical haul distance where other remotely located, DW sites may be available; and (C) Specific rejection or disapproval, in writing, by nearby DW site operators, public or private; and (iii) The EHWM facility is designed to handle such a request or can be modified to the extent necessary to adequately dispose of the waste. (c) The state operator, after consulting with the department, may refuse to accept any waste that does not meet the requirements of the acceptance procedures of this subsection until the facts are ascertained, including but not limited to: (i) The requirement that samples of waste be taken and analyzed; or (ii) The condition of the containers by physical inspection of the delivery load. (d) The state operator may accept dangerous waste under emergency conditions if: (i) An emergency and potential threat to the public health and safety exists; (ii) The state operator notifies the department as soon as possible; (iii) The state operator stores the waste upon delivery until the full manifest has been received and approved by the department; and (iv) The generator is fully apprised that the waste remains his liability until approved under (d)(iii) of this subsection. (3) Other applicable requirements. The EHWM facility at Hanford must meet all other requirements of chapter 173-303 WAC, including specific requirements for storage, treatment, transfer and disposal of EHW, and siting, performance, and operation of facilities. The EHWM facility must also meet the following requirements: (a) The state operator must not remove any dangerous waste from the facility without the department's approval; (b) The state operator must maintain facilities for telephone and radio contact with the Hanford Reservation security patrol, and include this information with the contingency plan required in WAC 173-303-350; (c) As a minimum, the state operator must provide personnel having knowledge and background in the following areas: (i) Inspecting and checking manifests for completeness and accuracy; (ii) Applied chemistry as it relates to reactivity, explosiveness, and flammability; and (iii) Industrial hygiene and/or toxicology of industrial, commercial, and agricultural chemicals, and emergency procedures; (d) The state operator must ensure that new personnel have a complete physical examination and annual checkups thereafter. The physician should be alerted to the kinds of materials the employee has been handling, so that more specific analyses can be made. The medical records must be made a part of the state operator's records as required in WAC 173-303-380(1); and (e) The state operator must submit copies of all fee schedules to the department for yearly review and approval. The state operator must supply, and the department will use, the following criteria to review such disposal fees: (i) Their relationship to other fees charged for similar services; (ii) Reasonable return on investment and profit for the operator; and (iii) The cost of administration, development, operation, maintenance, and perpetual management of the EHW facility, including administrative costs and perpetual management costs of the department. (4) Department surveillance. (a) In addition to the reports required under WAC 173-303-390, facility reports, the EHWM facility operator must report the following to the department: (i) Copies of all environmental sampling results during the previous quarter; (ii) Telephone and written accounts of any accidents or emergencies requiring action under WAC 173-303-360; and (iii) Complete financial reports during the previous year. (b) The state operator must admit the department's duly authorized representative to inspect the site at any reasonable hour of the day. Inspection may cover any of the following: (i) The site and facilities; (ii) The waste being delivered, stored, processed, or buried, including the taking of samples, a portion of each sample being given to the operator upon his request; (iii) The environment, by the drilling of test wells and obtaining of samples; and (iv) Any records, reports, information, or test results relating to the purpose of this regulation. The inspection results will be written, filed with the department, and a copy made available to the state operator. [Statutory Authority: Chapters 70.105 and 70.105D RCW. 95-22-008 (Order 94-30), § 173-303-700, filed 10/19/95, effective 11/19/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW. 84-09-088 (Order DE 83-36), § 173-303-700, filed 4/18/84. Statutory Authority: Chapter 70.105 RCW and RCW 70.95.260. 82-05-023 (Order DE 81-33), § 173-303-700, filed 2/10/82.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-303-800 Permit requirements for dangerous waste management facilities. (1) The purpose of WAC 173-303-800 through 173-303-840 is to establish the requirements for permits which will allow a dangerous waste facility to operate without endangering the public health and the